We emphasize the importance of studying the primate brain in cognitive neuroscience and suggest a new mind-set in primate experimentation within the boundaries of animal welfare regulations.Specifically,we list the ad...We emphasize the importance of studying the primate brain in cognitive neuroscience and suggest a new mind-set in primate experimentation within the boundaries of animal welfare regulations.Specifically,we list the advantages of investigating both genes and neural mechanisms and processes in the emergence of behavioral and cognitive functions,and propose the establishment of an open field of primate research.The latter may be conducted by implementing and harmonizing experimental practices with ethical guidelines that regulate(1)management of natural parks with free-moving populations of target nonhuman primates,(2)establishment of indoor-outdoor labs for both system genetics and neuroscience investigations,and(3)hotel space and technologies which remotely collect and dislocate information regarding primates geographically located elsewhere.展开更多
Objective： The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection an...Objective： The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection and IV infusion in animal experimentation to hone the core professional nursing competencies. Methods： Two classes from the 2012 senior graduating nursing class were randomly selected by a computer to conduct the diversified practical teaching methods based on animal experimentation. A hospital environment was simulated by requiring students to perform different types of injections and practical IV infusion techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the core professional competencies, as well as other integrated competencies, was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods. Results： Two-sampled, pairwise u-tests were performed between the scores of the experimental （nursing class 2） and control （nursing class 1） groups. These findings showed that the overall test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group and that the average P-values for the competencies in various categories were 〈0.01, which indicated statistically significant results. Conclusions： Based on the data from this project, diversified teaching methods for basic nursing training founded on animal experimentation can help nursing students perfect their core professional competencies and improve their overall professional standing. The introduction of animal experimentation requires further verification, and an increased acknowledgement of its benefits through the widespread dissemination of this information.展开更多
A new approach is demonstrated in which soft experimentation can be performed for MMP measurements, thus replacing the common practice of slim tube displacement laboratory experiments. Recovery potential from oil rese...A new approach is demonstrated in which soft experimentation can be performed for MMP measurements, thus replacing the common practice of slim tube displacement laboratory experiments. Recovery potential from oil reservoirs by miscible flue gas injection was studied by slim tube and field-scale numerical simulation using two flue gases and seven crude oils sampled at different depths in three candidate reservoirs. The soft experimentations were conducted using Eclipse300<sup>TM</sup>, a three-phase compositional simulator. This study investigates minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), a significant miscible gas injection project screening tool. Successful design of the project is contingent to the accurate determination of the MMP. This study evaluates effects of important factors such as injection pressure, oil component composition, and injection gas composition on the MMP and recovery efficiency for slim tube and field-scale displacements. Two applicable MMP correlations were used for comparison and validation purposes.展开更多
The aim of this study is to report the use of RE （remote experimentation） in an educational press. The authors developed this remote experiment with the objective to study the Hooke＇s law through the analysis of th...The aim of this study is to report the use of RE （remote experimentation） in an educational press. The authors developed this remote experiment with the objective to study the Hooke＇s law through the analysis of the coil spring. The remote experiment is available in a website, where the students can manipulate and observe the educational press and confirm Hooke＇s statements with the output information. In addition, the students will have the opportunity to read in the website about the educational press, the physical law, and the use of the press in industrial processes. This remote experimentation exerts a force in the mechanical spring creating a deformation. In the defined point, the microcomputer will collect the data from the sensors, and it will save this data in the database. After the process execution, a graph with the data will be plotted in the website. The tests confirm that the educational press has informational potential because it returned values consistent with Hooke＇s law and the experiment presented repetition in all tests realized.展开更多
Background: The Tiêu equation has a ground roots approach to the process of Quantum Biology and goes deeper through the incorporation of Quantum Mechanics. The process can be measured in plant, animal, and human ...Background: The Tiêu equation has a ground roots approach to the process of Quantum Biology and goes deeper through the incorporation of Quantum Mechanics. The process can be measured in plant, animal, and human usage through a variety of experimental or testing forms. Animal studies were conducted for which, in the first day of the study all the animals consistently gained dramatic weight, even as a toxic substance was introduced as described in the introduction of the paper to harm animal subjects which induced weight loss through toxicity. Tests can be made by incorporating blood report results. Human patients were also observed to show improvement to their health as administration of the substance was introduced to the biological mechanism and plants were initially exposed to the substance to observe results. This is consistent with the Tiêu equation which provides that wave function is created as the introduction of the substance to the biological mechanism which supports Quantum Mechanics. The Tiêu equation demonstrates that Quantum Mechanics moves a particle by temperature producing energy thru the blood-brain barrier for example. Methods: The methods for the Tiêu equation incorporate animal studies to include the substance administered through laboratory standards using Good Laboratory Practices under Title 40 C.F.R. § 158. Human patients were treated with the substance by medical professionals who are experts in their field and have knowledge to the response of patients. Plant applications were acquired for observation and guidance of ongoing experiments of animals’ representative for the biologics mechanism. Results: The animal studies along with patient blood testing results have been an impressive line that has followed the Tiêu equation to consistently show improvement in the introduction of the innovation to biologic mechanisms. The mechanism responds to the substance by producing energy to the mechanism with efficient effect. For plant observations, plant organisms responded, and were seen as showing improvement thru visual observation.展开更多
This study was carried out at the Mamou Higher Institute of Technology during the period from March 10 to April 15, 2022, with the aim of designing and testing a solar dryer with forced convection by drying potatoes. ...This study was carried out at the Mamou Higher Institute of Technology during the period from March 10 to April 15, 2022, with the aim of designing and testing a solar dryer with forced convection by drying potatoes. The dryer was designed using local materials. Its main geometric parameters are: 1) height of the drying chamber (90 cm), 2) length of the drying chamber (50 cm), 3) width of the drying chamber (43 cm), 4) surface of the racks (0.1806 m<sup>2</sup>), 5) surface of the heat accumulator (0.2537 m<sup>2</sup>). The experiment focused on the vacuum test of the dryer for two days and that of the drying of the sweet potato for three days from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. The average vacuum test temperature values of the three environments are respectively accumulator (43°C), dryer chamber (41°C) and ambient environment (34°C). Four kilograms (4 kg) of boiled sweet potato were dried. The average temperatures in the accumulator and in the drying chamber during the three days of drying are respectively 33°C and 39°C. The final mass of the dried product is 1.2 kg, with a quantity of water extracted of 2 liters or 63% of the initial mass of the product. The average drying rate is 0.074 kg/h. The drying kinetics showed a decreasing rate in the absence of the heating period and the constant rate period.展开更多
The clay in the aquatic environment begins to precipitate depending on the saturation level of the solution.The purpose of this work is to monitor this subsidence of the clay and to see its course with photographs.The...The clay in the aquatic environment begins to precipitate depending on the saturation level of the solution.The purpose of this work is to monitor this subsidence of the clay and to see its course with photographs.The photos are then analyzed with the Adobe Photoshop program,so that the students of the 3rd grade of the High School are able to follow the evolution of the precipitation phenomenon through the analysis of the photos and the probability density distribution function of the three pigments(RBG(Red-Blue-Green)in the technology course).The rate of clay settling as shown in the photos requires a prerequisite for the use of soil conditioners in specific clay soils.The students who participated in the workshop had the opportunity to get in touch with the phenomenon of subsidence,the processing of the brightness of the images with the program Adobe Photoshop and the study of soil improvement alternatives.展开更多
This paper presents the work implemented in designing, fabricating and operating a model of a cheap hydraulic DDM （deep drawing machine）, which is currently utilized in the manufacturing processes lab in the IED （I...This paper presents the work implemented in designing, fabricating and operating a model of a cheap hydraulic DDM （deep drawing machine）, which is currently utilized in the manufacturing processes lab in the IED （Industrial Engineering Department） at An-Najah National University. The machine is used to conduct different experiments related to the deep drawing process. This work was implemented in three stages： the first was the design stage, in which all design calculations of the DDM elements were completed based on the specifications of the product （cup） to be drawn; the second was the construction stage, in which the DDM elements were fabricated and assembled at the engineering workshops of the university; the last was the operating and experimentation stage, in which the DDM was tested by conducting different experiments. The experience gained from designing and constructing such a mechanical lab equipment was found to be successful in terms of obtaining practical results that agree with those available in literature, cost-effective relative to the cost of a similar purchased equipment, as well as enhancing students＇ abilities in understanding the deep drawing process in particular and machine elements design concepts in general.展开更多
Herein,we report a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds via Rucatalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and phosphinic acids,with the assistance ...Herein,we report a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds via Rucatalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and phosphinic acids,with the assistance of high-throughput experimentation(HTE)and machine learning(ML).A variety of P(O)O−H derivatives,including diarylphosphates,alkyl phosphates,and alkoxyphosphates,are competent candidates to react with sulfoxonium ylides in this transformation,and variousα-phosphoryloxy carbonyls and propylene phosphates are directly constructed.This approach utilizes readily available sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene precursor,and features mild conditions,operational simplicity,and broad functional groups tolerance,and could be used for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex bioactive molecules.Moreover,a conducive exploration of the reaction space is also conducted(756 reactions)and a machine learning model for reaction yield prediction has been developed and applied,showcasing the practical application of this newly workflow(HTE-ML)in the field of synthetic chemistry.展开更多
This paper classifies software researches as theoretical researches, experimental researches, and engineering researches, and is mainly concerned with the experimental researches with focus on software reliability exp...This paper classifies software researches as theoretical researches, experimental researches, and engineering researches, and is mainly concerned with the experimental researches with focus on software reliability experimentation and control. The state-of-the-art of experimental or empirical studies is reviewed. A new experimentation methodology is proposed, which is largely theory discovering oriented. Several unexpected results of experimental studies are presented to justify the importance of software reliability experimentation and control. Finally, a few topics that deserve future investigation are identified.展开更多
The native thelytokous(TH)and arrhenotokous(AR)strains of Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)are promising biocontrol agents against the invasive tomato pest Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Ge...The native thelytokous(TH)and arrhenotokous(AR)strains of Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)are promising biocontrol agents against the invasive tomato pest Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae).This study assessed the performance and preferences of these strains in choice experiments involving five host instar ratios and evaluated their functional responses to seven densities of 1st instar larvae(5 to 40 hosts).In host-attacking behavior assays,an increasing proportion of 1st instar larvae led to a significant rise in host mortality rates for both strains.Both strains exhibited strong preferences for parasitizing and attacking 1st instar larvae over later instars,with the TH strain demonstrating significantly greater host-killing efficacy than the AR strain.Functional response experiments revealed that the attack rates of both strains were positively correlated with host density.Parasitism by both strains and host-stinging behavior by the TH strain showed type Ⅲ functional responses,while host-feeding by both strains and host-stinging by the AR strain followed type Ⅱ functional responses.Early establishment of the TH strain in tomato agroecosystems could enhance the management of T.absoluta.These findings provide critical insights into the functional dynamics of the TH and AR strains of N.formosa that can inform the development of effective biocontrol programs for this globally significant pest.展开更多
Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and com...Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and complex surgical and medico-legal challenges.These innovative treatments require that informed consent not be limited to simple acceptance of the medical procedure,but instead reflect a true relational and cognitive process grounded in understanding,free choice,and the ability to revoke consent at any time.In particular,it is essential that the patient understands the experimental nature of the therapy,its development stage,potential benefits and risks,as well as the implications for their health and personal dignity.In the case of stromal cell-based treatments,which may exert complex immunomodulatory effects or activate angiogenic pathways that are not yet fully understood,patients must be made fully aware that they are participating in a non-standardized therapy whose outcomes,whether beneficial or harmful,cannot yet be predicted with certainty.This requires particularly careful medical communication,using simple yet scientifically accurate explanations delivered in appropriate language,along with a final verification of the patient’s actual understanding.展开更多
Recovered samples of Jilin H5 chondrite experimentally shocked to 12-133 GPa were studied to explore the behavior of opaque minerals under shock loading using SEM-EDS,Raman spectroscopy,and TIMA.The following results ...Recovered samples of Jilin H5 chondrite experimentally shocked to 12-133 GPa were studied to explore the behavior of opaque minerals under shock loading using SEM-EDS,Raman spectroscopy,and TIMA.The following results were obtained.Firstly,at pressures lower than 53GPa,the opaque minerals still keep the unmelted state,while at 78 GPa and higher,FeNi metal and troilite form eutectic intergrowths occurring as disorderly fine veinlets filling the shock-induced fractures in silicate minerals.Secondly,single kamacite grains still maintain their contour at 12 GPa,but a part of brittle troilite grains was fragmented and squeezed into the shock-induced fractures within kamacite grains.At53 and 133 GPa,many more troilite fragments are poured in the kamacite interior to form disordered hybrid aggregates or to form squiggly strips,respectively.Similar phenomena are observed within single troilite grains,but the mineral squeezed into troilite grains is kamacite.Thirdly,chromite is a hard and refractory oxide mineral.When the shock pressure rises step by step from 12 to 133 GPa,the shock effect of chromite is only fragmentation.Its grain size decreases from tens of um at 53 GPa to a few um at 133 GPa.And,fourthly,native copper exhibits distinct redistribution behavior at high temperature.In Jilin samples shock-loaded to 12 GPa,copper initially located at troilite-kamacite interfaces partially transferred into small troilite grains containing fine FeNi particles.At 53 and 133 GPa,native copper preferentially transferred into larger troilite grains containing more particles of eutectic FeNi metal.展开更多
Submission.Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experiment...Submission.Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experimental,on any topics in the field of polymer science and polymer material science.Papers already published or scheduled to be published elsewhere should not be submitted and certainly will not be accepted.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based im...We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based imaging with sub-micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution,supported by hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations,we reveal how return current density depends precisely on wire diameter,material properties,and incident laser energy.We identify deviations from simple theoretical predictions due to geometrically influenced electron escape dynamics.These results refine and confirm the scaling laws essential for predictive modeling in high-energy-density physics and inertial fusion research.展开更多
Time-delayed blasting is widely utilized in engineering to mitigate induced vibration hazards and enhance fragmentation.The underlying vibration reduction principle is the decrease of the charge weight per delay,while...Time-delayed blasting is widely utilized in engineering to mitigate induced vibration hazards and enhance fragmentation.The underlying vibration reduction principle is the decrease of the charge weight per delay,while the potential for further vibration reduction remains debated,largely due to unclear underlying mechanisms.In light of the popularization of electronic detonators and the representativeness of double-hole configurationsfor multiple blastholes,it is essential to investigate the vibration characteristics induced by time-delayed double blastholes.Therefore,a series of doubleborehole experimental blasts was conducted in an underground roadway to clarify the variation in vibration from single-hole to dual-hole conditions.Based on the experimental data and inherent limitations,an exact full-fieldtheoretical model was further employed to systematically analyze the effects of delay time,charge length,and borehole inclination angle on vibrations induced by various doublehole configurations.The experimental data and theoretical analysis reveal that the general scaled distance effectively predicts vibrations in delayed blasting but does not reflectvibration reduction.Increasing delay time causes fluctuatingPPVs,which stabilize slightly above single-hole PPVs as delay times exceed a certain value.The delayed blasting primarily reduces near-fieldfrequencies.Longer charge lengths in double boreholes increase PPV levels and attenuation rates within a certain length,and the vibration behavior of combined long and short charge lengths is governed by the long blasthole.Larger blasthole inclination angles enhance vibration amplitude and reduce PPV attenuation rates.Optimizing inclination angles is more critical than adjusting delay times,and parallel boreholes offer the best vibration control.展开更多
In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural a...In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.展开更多
With the increasing complexity of industrial automation,planetary gearboxes play a vital role in largescale equipment transmission systems,directly impacting operational efficiency and safety.Traditional maintenance s...With the increasing complexity of industrial automation,planetary gearboxes play a vital role in largescale equipment transmission systems,directly impacting operational efficiency and safety.Traditional maintenance strategies often struggle to accurately predict the degradation process of equipment,leading to excessive maintenance costs or potential failure risks.However,existing prediction methods based on statistical models are difficult to adapt to nonlinear degradation processes.To address these challenges,this study proposes a novel condition-based maintenance framework for planetary gearboxes.A comprehensive full-lifecycle degradation experiment was conducted to collect raw vibration signals,which were then processed using a temporal convolutional network autoencoder with multi-scale perception capability to extract deep temporal degradation features,enabling the collaborative extraction of longperiod meshing frequencies and short-term impact features from the vibration signals.Kernel principal component analysis was employed to fuse and normalize these features,enhancing the characterization of degradation progression.A nonlinear Wiener process was used to model the degradation trajectory,with a threshold decay function introduced to dynamically adjust maintenance strategies,and model parameters optimized through maximum likelihood estimation.Meanwhile,the maintenance strategy was optimized to minimize costs per unit time,determining the optimal maintenance timing and preventive maintenance threshold.The comprehensive indicator of degradation trends extracted by this method reaches 0.756,which is 41.2%higher than that of traditional time-domain features;the dynamic threshold strategy reduces the maintenance cost per unit time to 55.56,which is 8.9%better than that of the static threshold optimization.Experimental results demonstrate significant reductions in maintenance costs while enhancing system reliability and safety.This study realizes the organic integration of deep learning and reliability theory in the maintenance of planetary gearboxes,provides an interpretable solution for the predictive maintenance of complex mechanical systems,and promotes the development of condition-based maintenance strategies for planetary gearboxes.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis is a severe autoimmune disorder that is mainly mediated by pathogenic cluster of CD4^(+)T cell subsets.Despite advancements in the management of multiple sclerosis,there is a critical need for more ...Multiple sclerosis is a severe autoimmune disorder that is mainly mediated by pathogenic cluster of CD4^(+)T cell subsets.Despite advancements in the management of multiple sclerosis,there is a critical need for more effective and safer treatments.In the present study,we administered Lycium barbarum glycopeptide to a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-an animal model of multiple sclerosis-and evaluated its effects on pathogenic CD4^(+)T cell activation both in vivo and in vitro.Lycium barbarum glycopeptide significantly mitigated the clinical severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,as demonstrated by reduced demyelination and neuroinflammation.Moreover,Lycium barbarum glycopeptide treatment decreased the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.Lycium barbarum glycopeptide also modulated pathogenic CD4^(+)T cell activation by inhibiting T helper 1/T helper 17 cell differentiation while promoting regulatory T cell expansion.Notably,no side effects were observed,suggesting the long-term safety and tolerability of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide.Furthermore,RNA sequencing data indicated that Lycium barbarum glycopeptide inhibits activator protein-1,an essential regulator of T cell activation and differentiation.This finding was supported by the reversal of T helper/T helper 17 cell response suppression upon AP-1 blockade.Collectively,these results highlight the potential of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide as an innovative therapeutic agent for CD4^(+)T cell-associated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis.展开更多
文摘We emphasize the importance of studying the primate brain in cognitive neuroscience and suggest a new mind-set in primate experimentation within the boundaries of animal welfare regulations.Specifically,we list the advantages of investigating both genes and neural mechanisms and processes in the emergence of behavioral and cognitive functions,and propose the establishment of an open field of primate research.The latter may be conducted by implementing and harmonizing experimental practices with ethical guidelines that regulate(1)management of natural parks with free-moving populations of target nonhuman primates,(2)establishment of indoor-outdoor labs for both system genetics and neuroscience investigations,and(3)hotel space and technologies which remotely collect and dislocate information regarding primates geographically located elsewhere.
基金supported by 2012 Jiangxi Province Higher Education Reform Research Provincial Research Project(No.JXJG-12-29-3)
文摘Objective： The aim of this project was to train highly professional and specialized nursing students from medical colleges to adapt to bedside clinical care by exploring and discussing various methods of injection and IV infusion in animal experimentation to hone the core professional nursing competencies. Methods： Two classes from the 2012 senior graduating nursing class were randomly selected by a computer to conduct the diversified practical teaching methods based on animal experimentation. A hospital environment was simulated by requiring students to perform different types of injections and practical IV infusion techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the core professional competencies, as well as other integrated competencies, was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods. Results： Two-sampled, pairwise u-tests were performed between the scores of the experimental （nursing class 2） and control （nursing class 1） groups. These findings showed that the overall test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group and that the average P-values for the competencies in various categories were 〈0.01, which indicated statistically significant results. Conclusions： Based on the data from this project, diversified teaching methods for basic nursing training founded on animal experimentation can help nursing students perfect their core professional competencies and improve their overall professional standing. The introduction of animal experimentation requires further verification, and an increased acknowledgement of its benefits through the widespread dissemination of this information.
文摘A new approach is demonstrated in which soft experimentation can be performed for MMP measurements, thus replacing the common practice of slim tube displacement laboratory experiments. Recovery potential from oil reservoirs by miscible flue gas injection was studied by slim tube and field-scale numerical simulation using two flue gases and seven crude oils sampled at different depths in three candidate reservoirs. The soft experimentations were conducted using Eclipse300<sup>TM</sup>, a three-phase compositional simulator. This study investigates minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), a significant miscible gas injection project screening tool. Successful design of the project is contingent to the accurate determination of the MMP. This study evaluates effects of important factors such as injection pressure, oil component composition, and injection gas composition on the MMP and recovery efficiency for slim tube and field-scale displacements. Two applicable MMP correlations were used for comparison and validation purposes.
文摘The aim of this study is to report the use of RE （remote experimentation） in an educational press. The authors developed this remote experiment with the objective to study the Hooke＇s law through the analysis of the coil spring. The remote experiment is available in a website, where the students can manipulate and observe the educational press and confirm Hooke＇s statements with the output information. In addition, the students will have the opportunity to read in the website about the educational press, the physical law, and the use of the press in industrial processes. This remote experimentation exerts a force in the mechanical spring creating a deformation. In the defined point, the microcomputer will collect the data from the sensors, and it will save this data in the database. After the process execution, a graph with the data will be plotted in the website. The tests confirm that the educational press has informational potential because it returned values consistent with Hooke＇s law and the experiment presented repetition in all tests realized.
文摘Background: The Tiêu equation has a ground roots approach to the process of Quantum Biology and goes deeper through the incorporation of Quantum Mechanics. The process can be measured in plant, animal, and human usage through a variety of experimental or testing forms. Animal studies were conducted for which, in the first day of the study all the animals consistently gained dramatic weight, even as a toxic substance was introduced as described in the introduction of the paper to harm animal subjects which induced weight loss through toxicity. Tests can be made by incorporating blood report results. Human patients were also observed to show improvement to their health as administration of the substance was introduced to the biological mechanism and plants were initially exposed to the substance to observe results. This is consistent with the Tiêu equation which provides that wave function is created as the introduction of the substance to the biological mechanism which supports Quantum Mechanics. The Tiêu equation demonstrates that Quantum Mechanics moves a particle by temperature producing energy thru the blood-brain barrier for example. Methods: The methods for the Tiêu equation incorporate animal studies to include the substance administered through laboratory standards using Good Laboratory Practices under Title 40 C.F.R. § 158. Human patients were treated with the substance by medical professionals who are experts in their field and have knowledge to the response of patients. Plant applications were acquired for observation and guidance of ongoing experiments of animals’ representative for the biologics mechanism. Results: The animal studies along with patient blood testing results have been an impressive line that has followed the Tiêu equation to consistently show improvement in the introduction of the innovation to biologic mechanisms. The mechanism responds to the substance by producing energy to the mechanism with efficient effect. For plant observations, plant organisms responded, and were seen as showing improvement thru visual observation.
文摘This study was carried out at the Mamou Higher Institute of Technology during the period from March 10 to April 15, 2022, with the aim of designing and testing a solar dryer with forced convection by drying potatoes. The dryer was designed using local materials. Its main geometric parameters are: 1) height of the drying chamber (90 cm), 2) length of the drying chamber (50 cm), 3) width of the drying chamber (43 cm), 4) surface of the racks (0.1806 m<sup>2</sup>), 5) surface of the heat accumulator (0.2537 m<sup>2</sup>). The experiment focused on the vacuum test of the dryer for two days and that of the drying of the sweet potato for three days from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. The average vacuum test temperature values of the three environments are respectively accumulator (43°C), dryer chamber (41°C) and ambient environment (34°C). Four kilograms (4 kg) of boiled sweet potato were dried. The average temperatures in the accumulator and in the drying chamber during the three days of drying are respectively 33°C and 39°C. The final mass of the dried product is 1.2 kg, with a quantity of water extracted of 2 liters or 63% of the initial mass of the product. The average drying rate is 0.074 kg/h. The drying kinetics showed a decreasing rate in the absence of the heating period and the constant rate period.
文摘The clay in the aquatic environment begins to precipitate depending on the saturation level of the solution.The purpose of this work is to monitor this subsidence of the clay and to see its course with photographs.The photos are then analyzed with the Adobe Photoshop program,so that the students of the 3rd grade of the High School are able to follow the evolution of the precipitation phenomenon through the analysis of the photos and the probability density distribution function of the three pigments(RBG(Red-Blue-Green)in the technology course).The rate of clay settling as shown in the photos requires a prerequisite for the use of soil conditioners in specific clay soils.The students who participated in the workshop had the opportunity to get in touch with the phenomenon of subsidence,the processing of the brightness of the images with the program Adobe Photoshop and the study of soil improvement alternatives.
文摘This paper presents the work implemented in designing, fabricating and operating a model of a cheap hydraulic DDM （deep drawing machine）, which is currently utilized in the manufacturing processes lab in the IED （Industrial Engineering Department） at An-Najah National University. The machine is used to conduct different experiments related to the deep drawing process. This work was implemented in three stages： the first was the design stage, in which all design calculations of the DDM elements were completed based on the specifications of the product （cup） to be drawn; the second was the construction stage, in which the DDM elements were fabricated and assembled at the engineering workshops of the university; the last was the operating and experimentation stage, in which the DDM was tested by conducting different experiments. The experience gained from designing and constructing such a mechanical lab equipment was found to be successful in terms of obtaining practical results that agree with those available in literature, cost-effective relative to the cost of a similar purchased equipment, as well as enhancing students＇ abilities in understanding the deep drawing process in particular and machine elements design concepts in general.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22372044,22393892,22002169,22071249)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012583,2019A1515111111)the Major Program of Guangzhou National Laboratory(GZNL2023A02012)。
文摘Herein,we report a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds via Rucatalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and phosphinic acids,with the assistance of high-throughput experimentation(HTE)and machine learning(ML).A variety of P(O)O−H derivatives,including diarylphosphates,alkyl phosphates,and alkoxyphosphates,are competent candidates to react with sulfoxonium ylides in this transformation,and variousα-phosphoryloxy carbonyls and propylene phosphates are directly constructed.This approach utilizes readily available sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene precursor,and features mild conditions,operational simplicity,and broad functional groups tolerance,and could be used for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex bioactive molecules.Moreover,a conducive exploration of the reaction space is also conducted(756 reactions)and a machine learning model for reaction yield prediction has been developed and applied,showcasing the practical application of this newly workflow(HTE-ML)in the field of synthetic chemistry.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos.60233020, 60474006 and 60473067）. Acknowledgment The experimental results presented in this paper were obtained with the help of many students of the author, including Bo Gu, Hal Hu, ChangHai Jiang, Xiao-Feng Lei, Yan Shi, and Bei-Bei Yin.
文摘This paper classifies software researches as theoretical researches, experimental researches, and engineering researches, and is mainly concerned with the experimental researches with focus on software reliability experimentation and control. The state-of-the-art of experimental or empirical studies is reviewed. A new experimentation methodology is proposed, which is largely theory discovering oriented. Several unexpected results of experimental studies are presented to justify the importance of software reliability experimentation and control. Finally, a few topics that deserve future investigation are identified.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1400200 and 2017YFC1200600)the Yunnan Biodiversity Conservation Foundation Program,China(202301AT070485)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(caascx-2021-2025-IAS and caas-zdrw202203)。
文摘The native thelytokous(TH)and arrhenotokous(AR)strains of Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)are promising biocontrol agents against the invasive tomato pest Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae).This study assessed the performance and preferences of these strains in choice experiments involving five host instar ratios and evaluated their functional responses to seven densities of 1st instar larvae(5 to 40 hosts).In host-attacking behavior assays,an increasing proportion of 1st instar larvae led to a significant rise in host mortality rates for both strains.Both strains exhibited strong preferences for parasitizing and attacking 1st instar larvae over later instars,with the TH strain demonstrating significantly greater host-killing efficacy than the AR strain.Functional response experiments revealed that the attack rates of both strains were positively correlated with host density.Parasitism by both strains and host-stinging behavior by the TH strain showed type Ⅲ functional responses,while host-feeding by both strains and host-stinging by the AR strain followed type Ⅱ functional responses.Early establishment of the TH strain in tomato agroecosystems could enhance the management of T.absoluta.These findings provide critical insights into the functional dynamics of the TH and AR strains of N.formosa that can inform the development of effective biocontrol programs for this globally significant pest.
文摘Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and complex surgical and medico-legal challenges.These innovative treatments require that informed consent not be limited to simple acceptance of the medical procedure,but instead reflect a true relational and cognitive process grounded in understanding,free choice,and the ability to revoke consent at any time.In particular,it is essential that the patient understands the experimental nature of the therapy,its development stage,potential benefits and risks,as well as the implications for their health and personal dignity.In the case of stromal cell-based treatments,which may exert complex immunomodulatory effects or activate angiogenic pathways that are not yet fully understood,patients must be made fully aware that they are participating in a non-standardized therapy whose outcomes,whether beneficial or harmful,cannot yet be predicted with certainty.This requires particularly careful medical communication,using simple yet scientifically accurate explanations delivered in appropriate language,along with a final verification of the patient’s actual understanding.
基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,2023B1212060048,Xiande Xie。
文摘Recovered samples of Jilin H5 chondrite experimentally shocked to 12-133 GPa were studied to explore the behavior of opaque minerals under shock loading using SEM-EDS,Raman spectroscopy,and TIMA.The following results were obtained.Firstly,at pressures lower than 53GPa,the opaque minerals still keep the unmelted state,while at 78 GPa and higher,FeNi metal and troilite form eutectic intergrowths occurring as disorderly fine veinlets filling the shock-induced fractures in silicate minerals.Secondly,single kamacite grains still maintain their contour at 12 GPa,but a part of brittle troilite grains was fragmented and squeezed into the shock-induced fractures within kamacite grains.At53 and 133 GPa,many more troilite fragments are poured in the kamacite interior to form disordered hybrid aggregates or to form squiggly strips,respectively.Similar phenomena are observed within single troilite grains,but the mineral squeezed into troilite grains is kamacite.Thirdly,chromite is a hard and refractory oxide mineral.When the shock pressure rises step by step from 12 to 133 GPa,the shock effect of chromite is only fragmentation.Its grain size decreases from tens of um at 53 GPa to a few um at 133 GPa.And,fourthly,native copper exhibits distinct redistribution behavior at high temperature.In Jilin samples shock-loaded to 12 GPa,copper initially located at troilite-kamacite interfaces partially transferred into small troilite grains containing fine FeNi particles.At 53 and 133 GPa,native copper preferentially transferred into larger troilite grains containing more particles of eutectic FeNi metal.
文摘Submission.Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experimental,on any topics in the field of polymer science and polymer material science.Papers already published or scheduled to be published elsewhere should not be submitted and certainly will not be accepted.
基金financial support for this research,from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076076,52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(3242022)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金partially supported by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS)financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)+2 种基金the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliamentfunding from the European Union’s Just Transition Fund(JTF)within the project Röntgenlaser-Optimierung der Laserfusion(ROLF),Contract No.5086999001co-financed by the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament.
文摘We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based imaging with sub-micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution,supported by hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations,we reveal how return current density depends precisely on wire diameter,material properties,and incident laser energy.We identify deviations from simple theoretical predictions due to geometrically influenced electron escape dynamics.These results refine and confirm the scaling laws essential for predictive modeling in high-energy-density physics and inertial fusion research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42407267 and 52374152)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20220975).
文摘Time-delayed blasting is widely utilized in engineering to mitigate induced vibration hazards and enhance fragmentation.The underlying vibration reduction principle is the decrease of the charge weight per delay,while the potential for further vibration reduction remains debated,largely due to unclear underlying mechanisms.In light of the popularization of electronic detonators and the representativeness of double-hole configurationsfor multiple blastholes,it is essential to investigate the vibration characteristics induced by time-delayed double blastholes.Therefore,a series of doubleborehole experimental blasts was conducted in an underground roadway to clarify the variation in vibration from single-hole to dual-hole conditions.Based on the experimental data and inherent limitations,an exact full-fieldtheoretical model was further employed to systematically analyze the effects of delay time,charge length,and borehole inclination angle on vibrations induced by various doublehole configurations.The experimental data and theoretical analysis reveal that the general scaled distance effectively predicts vibrations in delayed blasting but does not reflectvibration reduction.Increasing delay time causes fluctuatingPPVs,which stabilize slightly above single-hole PPVs as delay times exceed a certain value.The delayed blasting primarily reduces near-fieldfrequencies.Longer charge lengths in double boreholes increase PPV levels and attenuation rates within a certain length,and the vibration behavior of combined long and short charge lengths is governed by the long blasthole.Larger blasthole inclination angles enhance vibration amplitude and reduce PPV attenuation rates.Optimizing inclination angles is more critical than adjusting delay times,and parallel boreholes offer the best vibration control.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB0760102),the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFF0802501)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Maintenance and Transformation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan-Phospherus Project(No.23YF1426200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0212200).
文摘In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.
基金funded by scientific research projects under Grant JY2024B011.
文摘With the increasing complexity of industrial automation,planetary gearboxes play a vital role in largescale equipment transmission systems,directly impacting operational efficiency and safety.Traditional maintenance strategies often struggle to accurately predict the degradation process of equipment,leading to excessive maintenance costs or potential failure risks.However,existing prediction methods based on statistical models are difficult to adapt to nonlinear degradation processes.To address these challenges,this study proposes a novel condition-based maintenance framework for planetary gearboxes.A comprehensive full-lifecycle degradation experiment was conducted to collect raw vibration signals,which were then processed using a temporal convolutional network autoencoder with multi-scale perception capability to extract deep temporal degradation features,enabling the collaborative extraction of longperiod meshing frequencies and short-term impact features from the vibration signals.Kernel principal component analysis was employed to fuse and normalize these features,enhancing the characterization of degradation progression.A nonlinear Wiener process was used to model the degradation trajectory,with a threshold decay function introduced to dynamically adjust maintenance strategies,and model parameters optimized through maximum likelihood estimation.Meanwhile,the maintenance strategy was optimized to minimize costs per unit time,determining the optimal maintenance timing and preventive maintenance threshold.The comprehensive indicator of degradation trends extracted by this method reaches 0.756,which is 41.2%higher than that of traditional time-domain features;the dynamic threshold strategy reduces the maintenance cost per unit time to 55.56,which is 8.9%better than that of the static threshold optimization.Experimental results demonstrate significant reductions in maintenance costs while enhancing system reliability and safety.This study realizes the organic integration of deep learning and reliability theory in the maintenance of planetary gearboxes,provides an interpretable solution for the predictive maintenance of complex mechanical systems,and promotes the development of condition-based maintenance strategies for planetary gearboxes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundational of China,Nos.U24A20692(to CJZ),82371355(to CJZ),and 82101414(to MH)National NaturalScience Foundational of China for Excellent Young Scholars,No.82022019(to CJZ)+5 种基金Sichuan Special Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.24NSFJQ0052(to CJZ)The Innovationand Entrepreneurial Team of Sichuan Tianfu Emei Program,No.CZ2024018(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Provincial People’sHospital,No.30420230005Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,No.A1098531023601381(toCJZ)Sichuan Science and Technology Support Project,No.2023YFS0212(to BH)Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission,No.19PJ265(to LD).
文摘Multiple sclerosis is a severe autoimmune disorder that is mainly mediated by pathogenic cluster of CD4^(+)T cell subsets.Despite advancements in the management of multiple sclerosis,there is a critical need for more effective and safer treatments.In the present study,we administered Lycium barbarum glycopeptide to a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-an animal model of multiple sclerosis-and evaluated its effects on pathogenic CD4^(+)T cell activation both in vivo and in vitro.Lycium barbarum glycopeptide significantly mitigated the clinical severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,as demonstrated by reduced demyelination and neuroinflammation.Moreover,Lycium barbarum glycopeptide treatment decreased the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.Lycium barbarum glycopeptide also modulated pathogenic CD4^(+)T cell activation by inhibiting T helper 1/T helper 17 cell differentiation while promoting regulatory T cell expansion.Notably,no side effects were observed,suggesting the long-term safety and tolerability of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide.Furthermore,RNA sequencing data indicated that Lycium barbarum glycopeptide inhibits activator protein-1,an essential regulator of T cell activation and differentiation.This finding was supported by the reversal of T helper/T helper 17 cell response suppression upon AP-1 blockade.Collectively,these results highlight the potential of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide as an innovative therapeutic agent for CD4^(+)T cell-associated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis.
