Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of excitement transfer therapy for insomnia. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients, selected from Guoyitang, affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Yanwu Branch of ...Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of excitement transfer therapy for insomnia. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients, selected from Guoyitang, affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Yanwu Branch of Xiamen University from May to October, 2016, were diagnosed with insomnia and included in this study. All the patients were treated by adopting the excitement transfer therapy, i.e. cluster needling was carried out at the acupoints of wrist and ankle in the manner of penetration needling, and combined with sliding- cupping at governor vessel and bladder meridian on the back. All the subjects were treated for 3 times per week, and treatment for 6 times was considered as I course of treatment. The curative effect was observed after treatment for 2 courses, and follow-up visit was performed for two months after treatment. Efficacy evaluation criteria were established by reference to Guidelines of Clinical Research on Chinese New Herbal Medicine （Trial） Results Cured： 11 cases （34%4 markedly effective： 16 cases （50%）, effective： 4 cases （13%4 ineffective： 1 case. The total effective rate was up to 97%. There was no relapse during two months after the treatment. Conclusion The efficacy of excitement transfer therapy for insomnia was significant, which was worthy of clinical promotion and application.展开更多
after a successful launch of the year-long event at the State Theater in capital Pretoda. At the inaugural ceremony, artists from China and South Africa provided a large appreciative audience the opportunity to engage...after a successful launch of the year-long event at the State Theater in capital Pretoda. At the inaugural ceremony, artists from China and South Africa provided a large appreciative audience the opportunity to engage in an eclectic mix of entertainment. Ancient Chinese folk songs sung by African singers and South African mining songs sung by Chinese tenors all created a rapport that lies at the heart of the Sino-South African relationship.展开更多
This study explores the nonlinear resonance of a rotating solar sail membrane exposed to time-varying solar thermal and solar radiation pressure.The sail membrane is modeled using a cantilever membrane,applying the vo...This study explores the nonlinear resonance of a rotating solar sail membrane exposed to time-varying solar thermal and solar radiation pressure.The sail membrane is modeled using a cantilever membrane,applying the von Kármán theory for membrane large deflection.The membrane’s nonlinear equation is derived by employing the Lagrange equation while accounting for excitations from solar thermal and radiation pressure.The equation is solved via the Rayleigh-Ritz method.The bifurcation diagram of membrane motion is applied to reveal membrane resonance responses under different solar sail rotating frequencies.The displacement time history,phase portrait,Poincarémap,frequency spectrum,and the largest Lyapunov exponent are used to study nonlinear vibrations that occur near resonance regions.The results indicate that time-varying thermal loading excites membrane motions with multiple natural frequencies by the parametric resonance mechanics,leading to the onset of membrane chaotic motion.The membrane’s primary resonance is stimulated in harmonic oscillation by the time-varying radiation pressure.The divergence instability caused by thermal excitation is also illustrated by comparing the membrane’s vibration amplitude with and without thermal excitation.The membrane’s nonlinear vibration characteristics vary significantly with solar illumination angles,the membrane’s thermal expansion coefficients,and structural damping.展开更多
Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the ...Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the urgent need to explore new treatment strategies for epilepsy, recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting gliosis, metabolic disturbances, and neural circuit abnormalities as therapeutic strategies. Astrocytes, the largest group of nonneuronal cells in the central nervous system, play several crucial roles in maintaining ionic and energy metabolic homeostasis in neurons, regulating neurotransmitter levels, and modulating synaptic plasticity. This article briefly reviews the critical role of astrocytes in maintaining balance within the central nervous system. Building on previous research, we discuss how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to the onset and progression of epilepsy through four key aspects: the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling, dysregulation of metabolic homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment, neuroinflammation, and the formation of abnormal neural circuits. We summarize relevant basic research conducted over the past 5 years that has focused on modulating astrocytes as a therapeutic approach for epilepsy. We categorize the therapeutic targets proposed by these studies into four areas: restoration of the excitation–inhibition balance, reestablishment of metabolic homeostasis, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, and reconstruction of abnormal neural circuits. These targets correspond to the pathophysiological mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to epilepsy. Additionally, we need to consider the potential challenges and limitations of translating these identified therapeutic targets into clinical treatments. These limitations arise from interspecies differences between humans and animal models, as well as the complex comorbidities associated with epilepsy in humans. We also highlight valuable future research directions worth exploring in the treatment of epilepsy and the regulation of astrocytes, such as gene therapy and imaging strategies. The findings presented in this review may help open new therapeutic avenues for patients with drugresistant epilepsy and for those suffering from other central nervous system disorders associated with astrocytic dysfunction.展开更多
Photomodulation technology,characterized by its high spatiotemporal resolution,has emerged as a transformative approach for precise,rapid,and noninvasive regulation of intricate cellular signaling networks,offering un...Photomodulation technology,characterized by its high spatiotemporal resolution,has emerged as a transformative approach for precise,rapid,and noninvasive regulation of intricate cellular signaling networks,offering unprecedented opportunities for biomedical research.Nevertheless,the in vivo implementation of wireless photomodulation remains constrained by the inherent limitations of conventional photoresponsive systems.Addressing this challenge,we report a BODIPY-based photocatalyst with exceptional red-light responsiveness(λ>630 nm).Transient spectroscopic studies show that this photocatalyst exhibits the feature with solvent polarity-switching excited state dynamics.In addition,we observed ultralong triplet-state lifetimes(590μs in tetrahydrofuran;862μs in toluene),which is favorable for establishing a far-red-light-driven photocatalytic decaging platform that synergistically integrates the BODIPY photocatalyst with endogenous NADH as the intrinsic electron donor.Crucially,this system demonstrates robust in vivo efficacy,achieving significant tumor growth suppression in murine tumor models through localized prodrug activation.This work not only provides fundamental insights into engineering long-lived triplet states in metal-free organic photocatalysts but also pioneers a biocompatible strategy for spatiotemporally controlled therapeutic interventions,bridging the gap between advanced photochemistry and precision biomedicine.展开更多
In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadm...In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadmium contaminated soil.The main physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash were clarified by SEM,XRF and X-ray diffraction.The unconfined compressive strength test and toxicity leaching test were carried out on the modified soil.Combined with FTIR and TG micro-level,the solidification mechanism of rice husk ash-based geopolymer solidified cadmium contaminated soil was discussed.The results show that the strength of geopolymer modified soil is significantly higher than that of plain soil,and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 d age is 4.2 times that of plain soil.The strength of modified soil with different dosage of geopolymer at 28 d age is about 36% to 40% higher than that of modified soil at 7 d age.Geopolymer has a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil.When the cadmium content is 100 mg/kg,it meets the standard limit.In the process of complex depolymerization-condensation reaction,on the one hand,geopolymers are cemented and agglomerated to form a complex spatial structure,which affects the macro and micro characteristics of soil.On the other hand,it has significant adsorption,precipitation and replacement effects on heavy metal ions in soil,showing good strength and low heavy metal leaching toxicity.展开更多
Stator vanes especially vane suction sides of transonic turbines are subjected to high frequency excitation forces under many circumstances,and thus are exposed to the risk of high cycle fatigue.Therefore,it is necess...Stator vanes especially vane suction sides of transonic turbines are subjected to high frequency excitation forces under many circumstances,and thus are exposed to the risk of high cycle fatigue.Therefore,it is necessary to reveal the flow mechanism of this kind of excitations for potential prevention measures.In this paper,the traveling shock phenomenon in the transonic turbine stator/rotor gap is observed and the concept of‘Inter-Row Traveling Shock(IRTS)'is proposed through the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)simulation of a typical highlyloaded transonic turbine stage.The characteristics of an IRTS were described and summarized in aspects of unsteady shock wave system,aerodynamic characteristics and motion.The probable forming mechanism of an IRTS was explained through a theoretical model and it was validated through correct prediction of the flow state parameter change across the IRTS.Since IRTSs would strike onto vane suction sides,the pressure oscillation dynamic modes on vane suction side corresponding to the characteristic frequencies associated with IRTS were extracted through Dynamic Mode Decomposition(DMD),from which the way and extent of the IRTS influences on vane aerodynamic excitation were revealed and evaluated.Over 82%pressure oscillation energy on vane suction side could be brought by the IRTS sweeping along with blade rotation.展开更多
The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It ha...The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It has been suggested that the size of the brain(brain reserve) and the extent of neural connections acquired through life(neural reserve) set a threshold beyond which noticeable impairments occur.In contrast,cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reo rganize stru cturally and functionally to resist damage and maintain function,including neural reserve and brain maintenance,resilience,and compensation(Verkhratsky and Zorec,2024).展开更多
For many decades,Alzheimer's disease research has primarily focused on impairments within cortical and hippocampal regions,which are thought to be related to cognitive dysfunctions such as memory and language defi...For many decades,Alzheimer's disease research has primarily focused on impairments within cortical and hippocampal regions,which are thought to be related to cognitive dysfunctions such as memory and language deficits.The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is still under debate,making it challenging to establish an effective therapy or early diagnosis.It is widely accepted that the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide in the brain parenchyma leads to synaptic dysfunction,a critical step in Alzheimer's disease development.The traditional amyloid cascade model is initiated by accumulating extracellular amyloid-beta in brain areas essential for memory and language.However,while it is possible to reduce the presence of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain with newer immunotherapies,cognitive symptoms do not necessarily improve.Interestingly,recent studies support the notion that early alterations in subcortical brain regions also contribute to brain damage and precognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.A body of recent evidence suggests that early Alzheimer's disease is associated with alterations(e.g.,motivation,anxiety,and motor impairment)in subcortical areas,such as the striatum and amygdala,in both human and animal models.Also,recent data indicate that intracellular amyloid-beta appears early in subcortical regions such as the nucleus accumbens,locus coeruleus,and raphe nucleus,even without extracellular amyloid plaques.The reported effects are mainly excitatory,increasing glutamatergic transmission and neuronal excitability.In agreement,data in Alzheimer's disease patients and animal models show an increase in neuronal synchronization that leads to electroencephalogram disturbances and epilepsy.The data indicate that early subcortical brain dysfunctions might be associated with non-cognitive symptoms such as anxiety,irritability,and motivation deficits,which precede memory loss and language alterations.Overall,the evidence reviewed suggests that subcortical brain regions could explain early dysfunctions and perhaps be targets for therapies to slow disease progression.Future research should focus on these non-traditional brain regions to reveal early pathological alterations and underlying mechanisms to advance our understanding of Alzheimer's disease beyond the traditionally studied hippocampal and cortical circuits.展开更多
One of the pleasantest of Toms dreams had been realized.He had often longed to go off on some adventure with a band of outlaws,and here was his opportunity.The day was perfect,the river was smooth,and the woods along ...One of the pleasantest of Toms dreams had been realized.He had often longed to go off on some adventure with a band of outlaws,and here was his opportunity.The day was perfect,the river was smooth,and the woods along the shore were full of the music of birds.Tom and Joe Harper had planned their escape carefully.They had gathered their provisions and hidden them in a secret place.Now,with their hearts full of excitement,they set off down the river in a small raft they had built.展开更多
The fluorescence imaging (FLI) in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700nm) has attracted considerable attention in the past decade. In contrast to conventional NIR-I window excitation (808nm/980nm), FLI ...The fluorescence imaging (FLI) in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700nm) has attracted considerable attention in the past decade. In contrast to conventional NIR-I window excitation (808nm/980nm), FLI with NIR-II window excitation (1064nm/other wavelength beyond 1000nm) can afford deeper tissue penetration depth with high clarity due to the merits of suppressed photon scattering and diminished autofluorescence. In this review, we have summarized NIR-II window excitable/emissive organic/polymeric fluorophores recently developed. The characteristics of these fluorophores such as chemical structures and photophysical properties have also been critically discussed. Furthermore, the latest development of noninvasive in vivo FLI with NIR-II excitation was highlighted. The ideal imaging results emphasized the importance of NIR-II excitation of these fluorophores in enabling deep tissue penetration and high-resolution imaging. Finally, a perspective on the challenges and prospects of NIR-II excitable/emissive organic/polymeric fluorophores was also discussed. We expected this review will be served as a source of inspiration for researchers, stimulating the creation of novel NIR-II excitable fluorophores and fostering the development of bioimaging applications.展开更多
Fluorophores emitting in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 900–1700nm) allow for high-resolution deep-tissue bioimaging owing to minimal tissue scattering. Although J-aggregation offers a promising approach to...Fluorophores emitting in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 900–1700nm) allow for high-resolution deep-tissue bioimaging owing to minimal tissue scattering. Although J-aggregation offers a promising approach to developing long-wavelength emitters, the scarcity of J-type backbones and reliable design principles limits their application in biological imaging. Here, we introduce a strategy for engineering high-brightness NIR-II J-aggregated fluorophores by incorporating electron-withdrawing substituents into a fused-ring backbone. These substituents modulate the electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution across the conjugated backbone, reducing both electrostatic repulsion and intermolecular distance, which promotes ordered J-aggregation. As a result, Y8 aggregate (Y8 nanoparticles) exhibits an outstanding fluorescence quantum yield of up to 12.9% and strong near-infrared absorption in aqueous solution for high-performance NIR-II fluorescence imaging in vivo. This work not only presents a novel J-type backbone but also advances the understanding of the structure–property relationship critical to designing NIR-II J-aggregates.展开更多
This work investigated the dynamic behavior of vertical pipes conveying gas-liquid two-phase flow when subjected to external excitations at both ends.Even with minimal excitation amplitude,resonance can occur when the...This work investigated the dynamic behavior of vertical pipes conveying gas-liquid two-phase flow when subjected to external excitations at both ends.Even with minimal excitation amplitude,resonance can occur when the excitation frequency aligns with the natural frequency of the pipe,significantly increasing the degree of operational risk.The governing equation of motion based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam is derived for the relative deflection with stationary simply supported ends,with the effects of the external excitations represented by source terms distributed along the pipe length.The fourth-order partial differential equation is solved via the generalized integral transform technique(GITT),with the solution successfully verified via comparison with results in the literature.A comprehensive analysis of the vibration phenomena and changes in the motion state of the pipe is conducted for three classes of external excitation conditions:same frequency and amplitude(SFSA),same frequency but different amplitudes(SFDA),and different frequencies and amplitudes(DFDA).The numerical results show that with increasing gas volume fraction,the position corresponding to the maximum vibration displacement shifts upward.Compared with conditions without external excitation,the vibration displacement of the pipe conveying two-phase flow under external excitation increases significantly.The frequency of external excitation has a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of a pipe conveying two-phase flow.展开更多
The dissolved organic matter(DOM)with high mobility and reactivity plays a crucial role in soil.In this study,the characteristics and phytotoxicity ofDOMreleased fromthe hydrochars prepared from different feedstocks(c...The dissolved organic matter(DOM)with high mobility and reactivity plays a crucial role in soil.In this study,the characteristics and phytotoxicity ofDOMreleased fromthe hydrochars prepared from different feedstocks(cowmanure,corn stalk and Myriophyllum aquaticum)under three hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)temperatures(180,200 and 220°C)were evaluated.The results showed that the hydrochars had high dissolved organic carbon content(20.15 to 37.65 mg/g)and its content showed a gradual reduction as HTC temperature increased.Three fluorescent components including mixed substance of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances(C1,30.92%-58.32%),UVA humic acid-like substance(C2,25.27%-29.94%)and protein-like substance(C3,11.74%-41.92%)were identified in hydrochar DOM by excitation emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor analysis.High HTC temperature increased the relative proportion of aromatic substances(C1+C2)and humification degree of hydrochar DOM from cow manure,while it presented adverse effects on the hydrochar DOM from corn stalk and Myriophyllum.aquaticum.The principal component analysis suggested that feedstock type and HTC temperature posed significant effects on the characteristics of hydrochar DOM.Additionally,seed germination test of all hydrochar DOM demonstrated that the root length was reduced by 8.88%-26.43%in contrast with control,and the germination index values were 73.57%-91.12%.These findings provided new insights into the potential environmental effects for hydrochar application in soil.展开更多
Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge ...Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge lies in the absence of well-developed strategies for designing materials that combine these two exceptional optical properties.展开更多
The ultrafast excitation dynamics of atoms and molecules exposed to circularly polarized two-color(CPTC)laser fields constitute a fascinating topic in attosecond science. Although extensive research has established th...The ultrafast excitation dynamics of atoms and molecules exposed to circularly polarized two-color(CPTC)laser fields constitute a fascinating topic in attosecond science. Although extensive research has established the relationship between the Rydberg state excitation(RSE) yields and the CPTC field parameters, such as field amplitude ratios and helicity of two components, the role of the relative phase(φ) in modulating RSE efficiency remains unclear. In this work, we theoretically investigate the φ dependence of RSE and ionization yields in the co-rotating and counter-rotating circularly polarized two-color(CPTC) few-cycle laser fields by a semiclassical model. We find that, in co-rotating CPTC fields, both RSE and ionization yields display pronounced oscillations as a function of φ and these oscillations are significantly suppressed in the counter-rotating configuration, particularly for ionization yields. Moreover, the ratio of RSE to ionization yields exhibits an out-of-phase oscillatory pattern between low-and high-intensity regimes. These results can be comprehended by the unique feature of φ dependence of CPTC few-cycle fields, based on our semiclassical analysis. Our results demonstrate that phase-controlled CPTC fields offer a versatile tool for steering ultrafast ionization and RSE dynamics of atoms and molecules.展开更多
Background:Acupuncture is widely used in modulating brain excitability and motor function,as a form of complementary and alternative medicine.However,there is no existing meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness and...Background:Acupuncture is widely used in modulating brain excitability and motor function,as a form of complementary and alternative medicine.However,there is no existing meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture on corticospinal excitability(CSE),and the credibility of the evidence has yet to be quantified.Objective:This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture(EA)and manual acupuncture(MA)in enhancing brain excitability,specifically focusing on CSE as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).Search strategy:This study followed a systematic approach,searching 9 databases up to August 2024 and examining grey literature,in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Inclusion criteria:Studies were included if they compared the clinical efficacy of EA or MA with sham acupuncture,no treatment or usual training.Data extraction and analysis:Three investigators independently conducted literature screening,data extraction,and risk of bias assessment.The primary outcome focused on motor-evoked potentials as measured by TMS,with treatment effects quantified using mean differences or standardized mean differences between pre-and post-treatment.Subgroup analyses were conducted using mixed-effects models,while random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to estimate average treatment differences across studies.Results:Based on 34 studies involving 1031 adults,acupuncture techniques significantly enhanced CSE.EA had a greater impact than MA,with effect sizes of 0.53 mV vs 0.43 mV(95%confidence interval[CI]:[0.30,0.76],P<0.00001 vs 95%CI:[0.28,0.59],P<0.00001).The 5 most frequently used acupoints were LI4(Hegu,32 times),ST36(Zusanli,10 times),LI11(Quchi,7 times),TE5(Waiguan,6 times),and GB34(Yanglingquan,5 times).Conclusion:This systematic review indicates that both EA and MA could effectively and safely enhance CSE,bringing the corticospinal pathway closer to the threshold for firing,which may ultimately improve motor function.LI4,ST36,LI11,TE5 and GB34 are the most commonly used acupoints.展开更多
A singlet diatomic molecule naturally carries doubly degenerate ±Λ states when the projection of the total electronic angular momentum onto the internuclear axis is nonzero. These doubly degenerate states contri...A singlet diatomic molecule naturally carries doubly degenerate ±Λ states when the projection of the total electronic angular momentum onto the internuclear axis is nonzero. These doubly degenerate states contribute equally in conventional measurements and are thus treated the same in corresponding simulations. In this study, we demonstrate that in resonant excitation by intense laser pulses, the doubly degenerate ±Λ states must be clearly identified. This is exemplified in the X^(1)Σ → A^(1)Π transition of CO molecules. This distinction becomes especially important in the case of circularly polarized radiation. We attribute this phenomenon to the interference of electron-rotational pathways in the strong-field coupled transition with the ±Λ-state of the excited Π state. This research sheds light on the fundamental aspects of intense laser-molecule interactions when extending conventional theories.展开更多
We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple elect...We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple electronic states while simultaneously tracking their time-dependent electronic,vibrational,and rotational dynamics.As an illustrative example,we consider neutral H_(2)molecules and simulate the laser-induced excitation dynamics of electronic and rotational states in strong laser fields,quantitatively distinguishing the respective contributions of electronic dipole transitions(within the classical-field approximation)and non-resonant Raman processes to the overall molecular dynamics.Furthermore,we precisely evaluate the relative contributions of direct tunneling ionization from the ground state and ionization following electronic excitation in the strong-field ionization of H_(2).The developed methodology shows strong potential for performing high-precision theoretical simulations of electronic-vibrational-rotational state excitations,ionization,and dissociation dynamics in molecules and their ions under intense laser fields.展开更多
This article presents the optical evaluation of the vibrational behavior of a steel bar,by a non-conventional optoacoustic procedure,the LPD(laser photo deflection)method.On this occasion the bar is located horizontal...This article presents the optical evaluation of the vibrational behavior of a steel bar,by a non-conventional optoacoustic procedure,the LPD(laser photo deflection)method.On this occasion the bar is located horizontal and fixed at both ends.Through our procedure we experimentally find the first 9 Eigen frequencies(21 Hz,60 Hz,116 Hz...)and correlate them using the cantilever theory.展开更多
文摘Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of excitement transfer therapy for insomnia. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 32 patients, selected from Guoyitang, affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Yanwu Branch of Xiamen University from May to October, 2016, were diagnosed with insomnia and included in this study. All the patients were treated by adopting the excitement transfer therapy, i.e. cluster needling was carried out at the acupoints of wrist and ankle in the manner of penetration needling, and combined with sliding- cupping at governor vessel and bladder meridian on the back. All the subjects were treated for 3 times per week, and treatment for 6 times was considered as I course of treatment. The curative effect was observed after treatment for 2 courses, and follow-up visit was performed for two months after treatment. Efficacy evaluation criteria were established by reference to Guidelines of Clinical Research on Chinese New Herbal Medicine （Trial） Results Cured： 11 cases （34%4 markedly effective： 16 cases （50%）, effective： 4 cases （13%4 ineffective： 1 case. The total effective rate was up to 97%. There was no relapse during two months after the treatment. Conclusion The efficacy of excitement transfer therapy for insomnia was significant, which was worthy of clinical promotion and application.
文摘after a successful launch of the year-long event at the State Theater in capital Pretoda. At the inaugural ceremony, artists from China and South Africa provided a large appreciative audience the opportunity to engage in an eclectic mix of entertainment. Ancient Chinese folk songs sung by African singers and South African mining songs sung by Chinese tenors all created a rapport that lies at the heart of the Sino-South African relationship.
基金supported by the Science Fund of NPU-Duke China Seeds Program(Grant No.119003067)the CAST-BISEE Fund(Grant No.MC010175)+1 种基金the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12372233)the“111”project of China(Grant No.B17037).
文摘This study explores the nonlinear resonance of a rotating solar sail membrane exposed to time-varying solar thermal and solar radiation pressure.The sail membrane is modeled using a cantilever membrane,applying the von Kármán theory for membrane large deflection.The membrane’s nonlinear equation is derived by employing the Lagrange equation while accounting for excitations from solar thermal and radiation pressure.The equation is solved via the Rayleigh-Ritz method.The bifurcation diagram of membrane motion is applied to reveal membrane resonance responses under different solar sail rotating frequencies.The displacement time history,phase portrait,Poincarémap,frequency spectrum,and the largest Lyapunov exponent are used to study nonlinear vibrations that occur near resonance regions.The results indicate that time-varying thermal loading excites membrane motions with multiple natural frequencies by the parametric resonance mechanics,leading to the onset of membrane chaotic motion.The membrane’s primary resonance is stimulated in harmonic oscillation by the time-varying radiation pressure.The divergence instability caused by thermal excitation is also illustrated by comparing the membrane’s vibration amplitude with and without thermal excitation.The membrane’s nonlinear vibration characteristics vary significantly with solar illumination angles,the membrane’s thermal expansion coefficients,and structural damping.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No. 2023YFF0714200 (to CW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 82472038 and 82202224 (both to CW)+3 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program,No. 23QA1407700 (to CW)the Construction Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging,No. 18DZ2260400 (to CW)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,No. 82025019 (to CL)the Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou)(to CW)。
文摘Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the urgent need to explore new treatment strategies for epilepsy, recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting gliosis, metabolic disturbances, and neural circuit abnormalities as therapeutic strategies. Astrocytes, the largest group of nonneuronal cells in the central nervous system, play several crucial roles in maintaining ionic and energy metabolic homeostasis in neurons, regulating neurotransmitter levels, and modulating synaptic plasticity. This article briefly reviews the critical role of astrocytes in maintaining balance within the central nervous system. Building on previous research, we discuss how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to the onset and progression of epilepsy through four key aspects: the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling, dysregulation of metabolic homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment, neuroinflammation, and the formation of abnormal neural circuits. We summarize relevant basic research conducted over the past 5 years that has focused on modulating astrocytes as a therapeutic approach for epilepsy. We categorize the therapeutic targets proposed by these studies into four areas: restoration of the excitation–inhibition balance, reestablishment of metabolic homeostasis, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, and reconstruction of abnormal neural circuits. These targets correspond to the pathophysiological mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to epilepsy. Additionally, we need to consider the potential challenges and limitations of translating these identified therapeutic targets into clinical treatments. These limitations arise from interspecies differences between humans and animal models, as well as the complex comorbidities associated with epilepsy in humans. We also highlight valuable future research directions worth exploring in the treatment of epilepsy and the regulation of astrocytes, such as gene therapy and imaging strategies. The findings presented in this review may help open new therapeutic avenues for patients with drugresistant epilepsy and for those suffering from other central nervous system disorders associated with astrocytic dysfunction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(013398,22377063)the Research Start-Up Fund of Nankai University and the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(24HHWCSS00020)。
文摘Photomodulation technology,characterized by its high spatiotemporal resolution,has emerged as a transformative approach for precise,rapid,and noninvasive regulation of intricate cellular signaling networks,offering unprecedented opportunities for biomedical research.Nevertheless,the in vivo implementation of wireless photomodulation remains constrained by the inherent limitations of conventional photoresponsive systems.Addressing this challenge,we report a BODIPY-based photocatalyst with exceptional red-light responsiveness(λ>630 nm).Transient spectroscopic studies show that this photocatalyst exhibits the feature with solvent polarity-switching excited state dynamics.In addition,we observed ultralong triplet-state lifetimes(590μs in tetrahydrofuran;862μs in toluene),which is favorable for establishing a far-red-light-driven photocatalytic decaging platform that synergistically integrates the BODIPY photocatalyst with endogenous NADH as the intrinsic electron donor.Crucially,this system demonstrates robust in vivo efficacy,achieving significant tumor growth suppression in murine tumor models through localized prodrug activation.This work not only provides fundamental insights into engineering long-lived triplet states in metal-free organic photocatalysts but also pioneers a biocompatible strategy for spatiotemporally controlled therapeutic interventions,bridging the gap between advanced photochemistry and precision biomedicine.
基金Funded by Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project(No.ZYYD2023B02)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.S202410994015)+2 种基金China University of Mining and Technology Coal Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development National Key Laboratory Xinjiang Engineering College Joint Fund(No.SKLCRSM-XJIE24KF001)Basic Research Funds for Autonomous Region Universities(No.XJEDU2024P082)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41662017)。
文摘In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadmium contaminated soil.The main physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash were clarified by SEM,XRF and X-ray diffraction.The unconfined compressive strength test and toxicity leaching test were carried out on the modified soil.Combined with FTIR and TG micro-level,the solidification mechanism of rice husk ash-based geopolymer solidified cadmium contaminated soil was discussed.The results show that the strength of geopolymer modified soil is significantly higher than that of plain soil,and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 d age is 4.2 times that of plain soil.The strength of modified soil with different dosage of geopolymer at 28 d age is about 36% to 40% higher than that of modified soil at 7 d age.Geopolymer has a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil.When the cadmium content is 100 mg/kg,it meets the standard limit.In the process of complex depolymerization-condensation reaction,on the one hand,geopolymers are cemented and agglomerated to form a complex spatial structure,which affects the macro and micro characteristics of soil.On the other hand,it has significant adsorption,precipitation and replacement effects on heavy metal ions in soil,showing good strength and low heavy metal leaching toxicity.
文摘Stator vanes especially vane suction sides of transonic turbines are subjected to high frequency excitation forces under many circumstances,and thus are exposed to the risk of high cycle fatigue.Therefore,it is necessary to reveal the flow mechanism of this kind of excitations for potential prevention measures.In this paper,the traveling shock phenomenon in the transonic turbine stator/rotor gap is observed and the concept of‘Inter-Row Traveling Shock(IRTS)'is proposed through the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)simulation of a typical highlyloaded transonic turbine stage.The characteristics of an IRTS were described and summarized in aspects of unsteady shock wave system,aerodynamic characteristics and motion.The probable forming mechanism of an IRTS was explained through a theoretical model and it was validated through correct prediction of the flow state parameter change across the IRTS.Since IRTSs would strike onto vane suction sides,the pressure oscillation dynamic modes on vane suction side corresponding to the characteristic frequencies associated with IRTS were extracted through Dynamic Mode Decomposition(DMD),from which the way and extent of the IRTS influences on vane aerodynamic excitation were revealed and evaluated.Over 82%pressure oscillation energy on vane suction side could be brought by the IRTS sweeping along with blade rotation.
文摘The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It has been suggested that the size of the brain(brain reserve) and the extent of neural connections acquired through life(neural reserve) set a threshold beyond which noticeable impairments occur.In contrast,cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reo rganize stru cturally and functionally to resist damage and maintain function,including neural reserve and brain maintenance,resilience,and compensation(Verkhratsky and Zorec,2024).
文摘For many decades,Alzheimer's disease research has primarily focused on impairments within cortical and hippocampal regions,which are thought to be related to cognitive dysfunctions such as memory and language deficits.The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is still under debate,making it challenging to establish an effective therapy or early diagnosis.It is widely accepted that the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide in the brain parenchyma leads to synaptic dysfunction,a critical step in Alzheimer's disease development.The traditional amyloid cascade model is initiated by accumulating extracellular amyloid-beta in brain areas essential for memory and language.However,while it is possible to reduce the presence of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain with newer immunotherapies,cognitive symptoms do not necessarily improve.Interestingly,recent studies support the notion that early alterations in subcortical brain regions also contribute to brain damage and precognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.A body of recent evidence suggests that early Alzheimer's disease is associated with alterations(e.g.,motivation,anxiety,and motor impairment)in subcortical areas,such as the striatum and amygdala,in both human and animal models.Also,recent data indicate that intracellular amyloid-beta appears early in subcortical regions such as the nucleus accumbens,locus coeruleus,and raphe nucleus,even without extracellular amyloid plaques.The reported effects are mainly excitatory,increasing glutamatergic transmission and neuronal excitability.In agreement,data in Alzheimer's disease patients and animal models show an increase in neuronal synchronization that leads to electroencephalogram disturbances and epilepsy.The data indicate that early subcortical brain dysfunctions might be associated with non-cognitive symptoms such as anxiety,irritability,and motivation deficits,which precede memory loss and language alterations.Overall,the evidence reviewed suggests that subcortical brain regions could explain early dysfunctions and perhaps be targets for therapies to slow disease progression.Future research should focus on these non-traditional brain regions to reveal early pathological alterations and underlying mechanisms to advance our understanding of Alzheimer's disease beyond the traditionally studied hippocampal and cortical circuits.
文摘One of the pleasantest of Toms dreams had been realized.He had often longed to go off on some adventure with a band of outlaws,and here was his opportunity.The day was perfect,the river was smooth,and the woods along the shore were full of the music of birds.Tom and Joe Harper had planned their escape carefully.They had gathered their provisions and hidden them in a secret place.Now,with their hearts full of excitement,they set off down the river in a small raft they had built.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.62075079,62305127,61975200)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20230508135RC)the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Changchun City(23GZZ15).
文摘The fluorescence imaging (FLI) in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700nm) has attracted considerable attention in the past decade. In contrast to conventional NIR-I window excitation (808nm/980nm), FLI with NIR-II window excitation (1064nm/other wavelength beyond 1000nm) can afford deeper tissue penetration depth with high clarity due to the merits of suppressed photon scattering and diminished autofluorescence. In this review, we have summarized NIR-II window excitable/emissive organic/polymeric fluorophores recently developed. The characteristics of these fluorophores such as chemical structures and photophysical properties have also been critically discussed. Furthermore, the latest development of noninvasive in vivo FLI with NIR-II excitation was highlighted. The ideal imaging results emphasized the importance of NIR-II excitation of these fluorophores in enabling deep tissue penetration and high-resolution imaging. Finally, a perspective on the challenges and prospects of NIR-II excitable/emissive organic/polymeric fluorophores was also discussed. We expected this review will be served as a source of inspiration for researchers, stimulating the creation of novel NIR-II excitable fluorophores and fostering the development of bioimaging applications.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62175201 and 52373142)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20220404)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe open research fund of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays.
文摘Fluorophores emitting in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 900–1700nm) allow for high-resolution deep-tissue bioimaging owing to minimal tissue scattering. Although J-aggregation offers a promising approach to developing long-wavelength emitters, the scarcity of J-type backbones and reliable design principles limits their application in biological imaging. Here, we introduce a strategy for engineering high-brightness NIR-II J-aggregated fluorophores by incorporating electron-withdrawing substituents into a fused-ring backbone. These substituents modulate the electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution across the conjugated backbone, reducing both electrostatic repulsion and intermolecular distance, which promotes ordered J-aggregation. As a result, Y8 aggregate (Y8 nanoparticles) exhibits an outstanding fluorescence quantum yield of up to 12.9% and strong near-infrared absorption in aqueous solution for high-performance NIR-II fluorescence imaging in vivo. This work not only presents a novel J-type backbone but also advances the understanding of the structure–property relationship critical to designing NIR-II J-aggregates.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.2022CXGC020405,2023CXGC010415 and 2025TSGCCZZB0238)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52171288)the financial support from CNPq,FAPERJ,ANP,Embrapii,and China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC).
文摘This work investigated the dynamic behavior of vertical pipes conveying gas-liquid two-phase flow when subjected to external excitations at both ends.Even with minimal excitation amplitude,resonance can occur when the excitation frequency aligns with the natural frequency of the pipe,significantly increasing the degree of operational risk.The governing equation of motion based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam is derived for the relative deflection with stationary simply supported ends,with the effects of the external excitations represented by source terms distributed along the pipe length.The fourth-order partial differential equation is solved via the generalized integral transform technique(GITT),with the solution successfully verified via comparison with results in the literature.A comprehensive analysis of the vibration phenomena and changes in the motion state of the pipe is conducted for three classes of external excitation conditions:same frequency and amplitude(SFSA),same frequency but different amplitudes(SFDA),and different frequencies and amplitudes(DFDA).The numerical results show that with increasing gas volume fraction,the position corresponding to the maximum vibration displacement shifts upward.Compared with conditions without external excitation,the vibration displacement of the pipe conveying two-phase flow under external excitation increases significantly.The frequency of external excitation has a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of a pipe conveying two-phase flow.
基金supported by the Director Fund Project provided by the Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(No.YZS202101)the Youth Fund Project provided by Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(No.QNJJ202125)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA.
文摘The dissolved organic matter(DOM)with high mobility and reactivity plays a crucial role in soil.In this study,the characteristics and phytotoxicity ofDOMreleased fromthe hydrochars prepared from different feedstocks(cowmanure,corn stalk and Myriophyllum aquaticum)under three hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)temperatures(180,200 and 220°C)were evaluated.The results showed that the hydrochars had high dissolved organic carbon content(20.15 to 37.65 mg/g)and its content showed a gradual reduction as HTC temperature increased.Three fluorescent components including mixed substance of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances(C1,30.92%-58.32%),UVA humic acid-like substance(C2,25.27%-29.94%)and protein-like substance(C3,11.74%-41.92%)were identified in hydrochar DOM by excitation emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor analysis.High HTC temperature increased the relative proportion of aromatic substances(C1+C2)and humification degree of hydrochar DOM from cow manure,while it presented adverse effects on the hydrochar DOM from corn stalk and Myriophyllum.aquaticum.The principal component analysis suggested that feedstock type and HTC temperature posed significant effects on the characteristics of hydrochar DOM.Additionally,seed germination test of all hydrochar DOM demonstrated that the root length was reduced by 8.88%-26.43%in contrast with control,and the germination index values were 73.57%-91.12%.These findings provided new insights into the potential environmental effects for hydrochar application in soil.
基金supported by NSFC(22271282)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences with the grant number of CXZX-2022-JQ04.
文摘Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)and two-photon absorption(TPA)materials have garnered considerable attentions due to their minimal energy loss and superior optical penetration[1,2].However,the current challenge lies in the absence of well-developed strategies for designing materials that combine these two exceptional optical properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12121004, 12274273, and 12450402)the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province (No. 2020CFA029)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (No. YSBR-091)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2021328)。
文摘The ultrafast excitation dynamics of atoms and molecules exposed to circularly polarized two-color(CPTC)laser fields constitute a fascinating topic in attosecond science. Although extensive research has established the relationship between the Rydberg state excitation(RSE) yields and the CPTC field parameters, such as field amplitude ratios and helicity of two components, the role of the relative phase(φ) in modulating RSE efficiency remains unclear. In this work, we theoretically investigate the φ dependence of RSE and ionization yields in the co-rotating and counter-rotating circularly polarized two-color(CPTC) few-cycle laser fields by a semiclassical model. We find that, in co-rotating CPTC fields, both RSE and ionization yields display pronounced oscillations as a function of φ and these oscillations are significantly suppressed in the counter-rotating configuration, particularly for ionization yields. Moreover, the ratio of RSE to ionization yields exhibits an out-of-phase oscillatory pattern between low-and high-intensity regimes. These results can be comprehended by the unique feature of φ dependence of CPTC few-cycle fields, based on our semiclassical analysis. Our results demonstrate that phase-controlled CPTC fields offer a versatile tool for steering ultrafast ionization and RSE dynamics of atoms and molecules.
文摘Background:Acupuncture is widely used in modulating brain excitability and motor function,as a form of complementary and alternative medicine.However,there is no existing meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture on corticospinal excitability(CSE),and the credibility of the evidence has yet to be quantified.Objective:This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture(EA)and manual acupuncture(MA)in enhancing brain excitability,specifically focusing on CSE as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).Search strategy:This study followed a systematic approach,searching 9 databases up to August 2024 and examining grey literature,in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Inclusion criteria:Studies were included if they compared the clinical efficacy of EA or MA with sham acupuncture,no treatment or usual training.Data extraction and analysis:Three investigators independently conducted literature screening,data extraction,and risk of bias assessment.The primary outcome focused on motor-evoked potentials as measured by TMS,with treatment effects quantified using mean differences or standardized mean differences between pre-and post-treatment.Subgroup analyses were conducted using mixed-effects models,while random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to estimate average treatment differences across studies.Results:Based on 34 studies involving 1031 adults,acupuncture techniques significantly enhanced CSE.EA had a greater impact than MA,with effect sizes of 0.53 mV vs 0.43 mV(95%confidence interval[CI]:[0.30,0.76],P<0.00001 vs 95%CI:[0.28,0.59],P<0.00001).The 5 most frequently used acupoints were LI4(Hegu,32 times),ST36(Zusanli,10 times),LI11(Quchi,7 times),TE5(Waiguan,6 times),and GB34(Yanglingquan,5 times).Conclusion:This systematic review indicates that both EA and MA could effectively and safely enhance CSE,bringing the corticospinal pathway closer to the threshold for firing,which may ultimately improve motor function.LI4,ST36,LI11,TE5 and GB34 are the most commonly used acupoints.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12374238)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant No.2024BSHSDZZ148)Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation (Grant No.FSRZ 2023-0006)。
文摘A singlet diatomic molecule naturally carries doubly degenerate ±Λ states when the projection of the total electronic angular momentum onto the internuclear axis is nonzero. These doubly degenerate states contribute equally in conventional measurements and are thus treated the same in corresponding simulations. In this study, we demonstrate that in resonant excitation by intense laser pulses, the doubly degenerate ±Λ states must be clearly identified. This is exemplified in the X^(1)Σ → A^(1)Π transition of CO molecules. This distinction becomes especially important in the case of circularly polarized radiation. We attribute this phenomenon to the interference of electron-rotational pathways in the strong-field coupled transition with the ±Λ-state of the excited Π state. This research sheds light on the fundamental aspects of intense laser-molecule interactions when extending conventional theories.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12450404)。
文摘We present a fully time-dependent quantum wave packet evolution method for investigating molecular dynamics in intense laser fields.This approach enables the simultaneous treatment of interactions among multiple electronic states while simultaneously tracking their time-dependent electronic,vibrational,and rotational dynamics.As an illustrative example,we consider neutral H_(2)molecules and simulate the laser-induced excitation dynamics of electronic and rotational states in strong laser fields,quantitatively distinguishing the respective contributions of electronic dipole transitions(within the classical-field approximation)and non-resonant Raman processes to the overall molecular dynamics.Furthermore,we precisely evaluate the relative contributions of direct tunneling ionization from the ground state and ionization following electronic excitation in the strong-field ionization of H_(2).The developed methodology shows strong potential for performing high-precision theoretical simulations of electronic-vibrational-rotational state excitations,ionization,and dissociation dynamics in molecules and their ions under intense laser fields.
文摘This article presents the optical evaluation of the vibrational behavior of a steel bar,by a non-conventional optoacoustic procedure,the LPD(laser photo deflection)method.On this occasion the bar is located horizontal and fixed at both ends.Through our procedure we experimentally find the first 9 Eigen frequencies(21 Hz,60 Hz,116 Hz...)and correlate them using the cantilever theory.
