低空经济作为战略性新兴产业的重要赛道与新质生产力的典型代表,正成为全球经济增长的新引擎。电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,以下简称“eVTOL”)作为最具代表性的未来航空载体,在这个万亿级规模市场中发...低空经济作为战略性新兴产业的重要赛道与新质生产力的典型代表,正成为全球经济增长的新引擎。电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,以下简称“eVTOL”)作为最具代表性的未来航空载体,在这个万亿级规模市场中发挥着关键作用。商业化应用阶段,eVTOL运行模式突破了传统航空管理范式,对现有法律监管体系提出挑战。监管实践中,存在规范位阶偏低、空域审批割裂、监管职责交叉、标准化体系滞后等关键问题。对比美国联邦航空管理局与欧洲航空安全局等在eVTOL监管机制的实践经验,提出构建中央与地方分层协同的监管体系、优化适航与空域联动审批机制、推动法规标准化融合、建立飞手资质分级认证体系以及健全动态监管等制度,为我国构建科学、高效、适应性强的eVTOL监管体系提供理论支撑。展开更多
针对电动垂直起降飞行器(Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)单旋翼失效工况,建立了一种基于动量-叶素理论的安全性分析模型,用于计算旋翼在垂直飞行状态下的推力与功率特性,并以剩余旋翼总推力与飞行器重力之间的关系作为...针对电动垂直起降飞行器(Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)单旋翼失效工况,建立了一种基于动量-叶素理论的安全性分析模型,用于计算旋翼在垂直飞行状态下的推力与功率特性,并以剩余旋翼总推力与飞行器重力之间的关系作为安全性判据。在考虑对称构型中对向旋翼需同时停转的约束条件下,对某型eVTOL开展了算例分析。结果表明,在单旋翼失效情况下,剩余旋翼系统仍可提供足够升力以维持飞行安全。该模型可为eVTOL在方案设计阶段的安全裕度评估与构型优化提供参考依据。展开更多
1背景电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take off and Landing,eVTOL)具有垂直起降、低碳静音、高效灵活的特点,凭借这些特点,eVTOL在低空经济的发展中备受关注。目前eVTOL主要包含有多旋翼、倾转翼、复合翼面三种构型,其中多旋翼...1背景电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take off and Landing,eVTOL)具有垂直起降、低碳静音、高效灵活的特点,凭借这些特点,eVTOL在低空经济的发展中备受关注。目前eVTOL主要包含有多旋翼、倾转翼、复合翼面三种构型,其中多旋翼构型由于其技术门槛较低。展开更多
Focusing on the unclear mechanism of aerodynamic interference in overlapping rotors of heavy-load electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft,this paper aims to reveal the aerodynamic interference characteri...Focusing on the unclear mechanism of aerodynamic interference in overlapping rotors of heavy-load electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft,this paper aims to reveal the aerodynamic interference characteristics and flow field evolution laws of overlapping rotor configurations in hovering conditions through numerical simulation methods.The research method involves constructing a computational model for rotor flow fields and aerodynamic characteristics based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations and the Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)turbulence model.The dynamic simulation of rotor rotational motion was achieved by using the moving nested grid technology.The reliability of the computational method was ensured through the grid independence verification and the comparison with experimental data.The research results indicate that in overlapping rotor systems,rotorⅡexperiences a decrease in thrust,significant power fluctuations,and reduced hovering efficiency due to continuous interference from the adjacent rotor’s wake and blade-vortex interactions.Blade-tip vortices undergo breakage,fusion,and secondary rolling in the overlapping region,forming large-scale turbulent structures that lead to attenuation of the induced velocity field and aerodynamic efficiency losses.Additionally,the interaction between the rotor downwash and the fuselage triggers a“fountain effect”and a sudden increase in surface pressure on the fuselage,exacerbating flow field distortion.Based on the aforementioned mechanisms,the safe flight of overlapping rotor configurations can be achieved by optimizing the configuration strategy of the rotational speed phase difference between adjacent blades.This study provides a theoretical basis for the rotor layout design and the aerodynamic performance enhancement of heavy-load eVTOL aircraft.展开更多
针对电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)合乘运营场景下的动态请求匹配问题,对合乘匹配及路径规划进行研究.首先,考虑eVTOL垂直起降机场容量、eVTOL载重、电池能耗等限制,以乘客和eVTOL运营商利益最大...针对电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)合乘运营场景下的动态请求匹配问题,对合乘匹配及路径规划进行研究.首先,考虑eVTOL垂直起降机场容量、eVTOL载重、电池能耗等限制,以乘客和eVTOL运营商利益最大化为目标建立基于合乘公平性的动态eVTOL路径规划模型;其次,使用基本插入算法和线性插入算法对问题模型进行求解,并对比分析按照先到先服务和请求优先级将新请求与eVTOL进行匹配的两种处理方式;最后,以T市5个火车站和1个机场作为垂直机场,用其实际地理位置信息进行算例研究.研究结果表明:与基本插入算法相比,线性插入算法的计算时间缩短了60%以上,证明该算法可以有效求解模型;与按照先到先服务处理方式相比,请求优先级处理新请求时乘客的平均支付费用减少了0.87%,运营商合乘收益提升了5.86%,实现了在保障乘客和运营商利益下新请求与eVTOL的较优匹配.所构建的动态路径规划模型为eVTOL共享运营模式提供参考.展开更多
文摘低空经济作为战略性新兴产业的重要赛道与新质生产力的典型代表,正成为全球经济增长的新引擎。电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,以下简称“eVTOL”)作为最具代表性的未来航空载体,在这个万亿级规模市场中发挥着关键作用。商业化应用阶段,eVTOL运行模式突破了传统航空管理范式,对现有法律监管体系提出挑战。监管实践中,存在规范位阶偏低、空域审批割裂、监管职责交叉、标准化体系滞后等关键问题。对比美国联邦航空管理局与欧洲航空安全局等在eVTOL监管机制的实践经验,提出构建中央与地方分层协同的监管体系、优化适航与空域联动审批机制、推动法规标准化融合、建立飞手资质分级认证体系以及健全动态监管等制度,为我国构建科学、高效、适应性强的eVTOL监管体系提供理论支撑。
文摘针对电动垂直起降飞行器(Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)单旋翼失效工况,建立了一种基于动量-叶素理论的安全性分析模型,用于计算旋翼在垂直飞行状态下的推力与功率特性,并以剩余旋翼总推力与飞行器重力之间的关系作为安全性判据。在考虑对称构型中对向旋翼需同时停转的约束条件下,对某型eVTOL开展了算例分析。结果表明,在单旋翼失效情况下,剩余旋翼系统仍可提供足够升力以维持飞行安全。该模型可为eVTOL在方案设计阶段的安全裕度评估与构型优化提供参考依据。
文摘1背景电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take off and Landing,eVTOL)具有垂直起降、低碳静音、高效灵活的特点,凭借这些特点,eVTOL在低空经济的发展中备受关注。目前eVTOL主要包含有多旋翼、倾转翼、复合翼面三种构型,其中多旋翼构型由于其技术门槛较低。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11872211)。
文摘Focusing on the unclear mechanism of aerodynamic interference in overlapping rotors of heavy-load electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft,this paper aims to reveal the aerodynamic interference characteristics and flow field evolution laws of overlapping rotor configurations in hovering conditions through numerical simulation methods.The research method involves constructing a computational model for rotor flow fields and aerodynamic characteristics based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations and the Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)turbulence model.The dynamic simulation of rotor rotational motion was achieved by using the moving nested grid technology.The reliability of the computational method was ensured through the grid independence verification and the comparison with experimental data.The research results indicate that in overlapping rotor systems,rotorⅡexperiences a decrease in thrust,significant power fluctuations,and reduced hovering efficiency due to continuous interference from the adjacent rotor’s wake and blade-vortex interactions.Blade-tip vortices undergo breakage,fusion,and secondary rolling in the overlapping region,forming large-scale turbulent structures that lead to attenuation of the induced velocity field and aerodynamic efficiency losses.Additionally,the interaction between the rotor downwash and the fuselage triggers a“fountain effect”and a sudden increase in surface pressure on the fuselage,exacerbating flow field distortion.Based on the aforementioned mechanisms,the safe flight of overlapping rotor configurations can be achieved by optimizing the configuration strategy of the rotational speed phase difference between adjacent blades.This study provides a theoretical basis for the rotor layout design and the aerodynamic performance enhancement of heavy-load eVTOL aircraft.
文摘针对电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)合乘运营场景下的动态请求匹配问题,对合乘匹配及路径规划进行研究.首先,考虑eVTOL垂直起降机场容量、eVTOL载重、电池能耗等限制,以乘客和eVTOL运营商利益最大化为目标建立基于合乘公平性的动态eVTOL路径规划模型;其次,使用基本插入算法和线性插入算法对问题模型进行求解,并对比分析按照先到先服务和请求优先级将新请求与eVTOL进行匹配的两种处理方式;最后,以T市5个火车站和1个机场作为垂直机场,用其实际地理位置信息进行算例研究.研究结果表明:与基本插入算法相比,线性插入算法的计算时间缩短了60%以上,证明该算法可以有效求解模型;与按照先到先服务处理方式相比,请求优先级处理新请求时乘客的平均支付费用减少了0.87%,运营商合乘收益提升了5.86%,实现了在保障乘客和运营商利益下新请求与eVTOL的较优匹配.所构建的动态路径规划模型为eVTOL共享运营模式提供参考.
