Presented herein is a new and independent derivation of equation for the radius of Black Holes, i.e. the event horizon of black holes. The equation has been derived by formulating the relativistic equation of escape v...Presented herein is a new and independent derivation of equation for the radius of Black Holes, i.e. the event horizon of black holes. The equation has been derived by formulating the relativistic equation of escape velocity derived from the relativistic equations for gravitational potential and kinetic energy. Based upon that, it is now shown that the actual size of a black hole, as determined by its event horizon, is exactly half the value predicted by the escape velocity equation used in the Newtonian mechanics. It proves that the actual radius of a black hole is exactly one half of the Schwarzschild radius.展开更多
In this research paper, we have used the formula for the change in entropy of Non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon (Mahto et al. 2012) and entropy of black holes (Hawking ...In this research paper, we have used the formula for the change in entropy of Non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon (Mahto et al. 2012) and entropy of black holes (Hawking 1973 & Mahto et al. 2012) to calculate their values in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) which shows that the variation of change in entropy of black holes with respect to the radius of the event horizon/entropy of black holes with increasing the values of the radius of the event horizon of different test Non-spinning black holes are like a wave-pattern.展开更多
In the context of modified gravity theory, we study time-dependent wormhole spacetimes in the radiation background. In this framework, we attempt to generalize the thermodynamic properties of time-dependent wormholes ...In the context of modified gravity theory, we study time-dependent wormhole spacetimes in the radiation background. In this framework, we attempt to generalize the thermodynamic properties of time-dependent wormholes in gravity. Finally, at event horizon, the rate of change of total entropy has been discussed.展开更多
This paper describes efficient data structures, namely the Indexed P-tree, Block P-tree, and Indexed-Block P-tree （or/P-tree, BP-tree, and IBP-tree, respectively, for short）, for maintaining future events in a gener...This paper describes efficient data structures, namely the Indexed P-tree, Block P-tree, and Indexed-Block P-tree （or/P-tree, BP-tree, and IBP-tree, respectively, for short）, for maintaining future events in a general purpose discrete event simulation system, and studies the performance of their event set algorithms under the event horizon principle. For comparison reasons, some well-known event set algorithms have been selected and studied, that is, the Dynamic-heap and the P-tree algorithms. To gain insight into the performance of the proposed event set algorithms and allow comparisons with the other selected algorithms, they are tested under a wide variety of conditions in an experimental way. The time needed for the execution of the Hold operation is taken as the measure for estimating the average time complexity of the algorithms. The experimental results show that the BP-tree algorithm and the IBP-tree algorithm behave very well with the event set of all the sizes and their performance is almost independent of the stochastic distributions.展开更多
We demonstrate manipulating the interactions of a second-order soliton with a weak probe pulse under the condition of group velocity match and group velocity mismatch(GVMM).During these interactions,the second-order s...We demonstrate manipulating the interactions of a second-order soliton with a weak probe pulse under the condition of group velocity match and group velocity mismatch(GVMM).During these interactions,the second-order soliton acting as an effective periodic refractive-index barrier leads to the polychromatic scattering of the probe pulse,which is represented as unequally spaced narrow-band sources with adjustable spectral width.In the case of GVMM,almost all the spectral components of the narrow-band sources meet the nonlinear frequency conversion relationship by using the wavenumbermatching relationship due to the robustness of the second-order soliton under moderate high-order-dispersion perturbations,so this case is more conducive to the study of the soliton wells.In addition,different transmission states of a soliton well are demonstrated under different probe pulse properties in the fiber-optical analog of the event horizon.When the power of the probe pulse is strong enough,a dispersive wave can be generated from the collision of two fundamental solitons split from the two second-order solitons.These interesting phenomena investigated in this work as a combination of white-and black-hole horizons can be considered as promising candidates for frequency conversion and broadband supercontinuum generation.展开更多
In recent years,the study of quantum effects near the event horizon of a black hole(BH)has attracted extensive attention.It has become one of the important methods to explore BH quantum properties using the related pr...In recent years,the study of quantum effects near the event horizon of a black hole(BH)has attracted extensive attention.It has become one of the important methods to explore BH quantum properties using the related properties of a quantum deformed BH.In this work,we study the effect of a quantum deformed BH on the BH shadow in two-dimensional Dilaton gravity.In this model,quantum effects are reflected by the quantum correction parameter m.By calculation,we find that:(1)the shape of the shadow boundary of a rotating BH is determined by the BH spin a,the quantum correction parameter m,and the BH type parameter n;(2)when the spin a=0,the shape of the BH shadow is a perfect circle;when a≠0,the shape is distorted;if the quantum correction parameter m=0,their shapes reduce to the cases of a Schwarzschild BH and Kerr BH,respectively;(3)the degree of distortion of the BH shadow is different for various quantum correction parameters m;with an increase in the parameter m,the boundary of the BH shadow expands;(4)the size of the BH shadow varies greatly with respect to various quantum deformed BHs(n),and the change in BH shadow shape caused by parameter n is similar to that caused by parameter m,which indicates that there is a"degenerate phenomenon"between the two parameters.Because the value of m in actual physics should be very small,the current observations of the event horizon telescope(EHT)cannot distinguish quantum effects from the BH shadow.In future BH shadow measurements,it will be possible to distinguish quantum deformed BHs,which will help to better understand the quantum effects of BHs.展开更多
Using a new tortoise coordinate transformation,we discuss the quantum nonthermal radiation characteristics near an event horizon by studying the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of a scalar particle in curved space-time,and o...Using a new tortoise coordinate transformation,we discuss the quantum nonthermal radiation characteristics near an event horizon by studying the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of a scalar particle in curved space-time,and obtain the event horizon surface gravity and the Hawking temperature on that event horizon.The results show that there is a crossing of particle energy near the event horizon.We derive the maximum overlap of the positive and negative energy levels.It is also found that the Hawking temperature of a black hole depends not only on the time,but also on the angle.There is a problem of dimension in the usual tortoise coordinate,so the present results obtained by using a correct-dimension new tortoise coordinate transformation may be more reasonable.展开更多
Black hole is treated as 2 D membrane. Starting from the usual state equation of thermal radiation, the black hole entropy is technically computed, and the result that is proportional to the area of horizon is briefly...Black hole is treated as 2 D membrane. Starting from the usual state equation of thermal radiation, the black hole entropy is technically computed, and the result that is proportional to the area of horizon is briefly obtained.展开更多
文摘Presented herein is a new and independent derivation of equation for the radius of Black Holes, i.e. the event horizon of black holes. The equation has been derived by formulating the relativistic equation of escape velocity derived from the relativistic equations for gravitational potential and kinetic energy. Based upon that, it is now shown that the actual size of a black hole, as determined by its event horizon, is exactly half the value predicted by the escape velocity equation used in the Newtonian mechanics. It proves that the actual radius of a black hole is exactly one half of the Schwarzschild radius.
文摘In this research paper, we have used the formula for the change in entropy of Non-spinning black holes with respect to the change in the radius of event horizon (Mahto et al. 2012) and entropy of black holes (Hawking 1973 & Mahto et al. 2012) to calculate their values in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) which shows that the variation of change in entropy of black holes with respect to the radius of the event horizon/entropy of black holes with increasing the values of the radius of the event horizon of different test Non-spinning black holes are like a wave-pattern.
文摘In the context of modified gravity theory, we study time-dependent wormhole spacetimes in the radiation background. In this framework, we attempt to generalize the thermodynamic properties of time-dependent wormholes in gravity. Finally, at event horizon, the rate of change of total entropy has been discussed.
文摘This paper describes efficient data structures, namely the Indexed P-tree, Block P-tree, and Indexed-Block P-tree （or/P-tree, BP-tree, and IBP-tree, respectively, for short）, for maintaining future events in a general purpose discrete event simulation system, and studies the performance of their event set algorithms under the event horizon principle. For comparison reasons, some well-known event set algorithms have been selected and studied, that is, the Dynamic-heap and the P-tree algorithms. To gain insight into the performance of the proposed event set algorithms and allow comparisons with the other selected algorithms, they are tested under a wide variety of conditions in an experimental way. The time needed for the execution of the Hold operation is taken as the measure for estimating the average time complexity of the algorithms. The experimental results show that the BP-tree algorithm and the IBP-tree algorithm behave very well with the event set of all the sizes and their performance is almost independent of the stochastic distributions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0704000)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics(No.IOSKL2020KF20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61275137)。
文摘We demonstrate manipulating the interactions of a second-order soliton with a weak probe pulse under the condition of group velocity match and group velocity mismatch(GVMM).During these interactions,the second-order soliton acting as an effective periodic refractive-index barrier leads to the polychromatic scattering of the probe pulse,which is represented as unequally spaced narrow-band sources with adjustable spectral width.In the case of GVMM,almost all the spectral components of the narrow-band sources meet the nonlinear frequency conversion relationship by using the wavenumbermatching relationship due to the robustness of the second-order soliton under moderate high-order-dispersion perturbations,so this case is more conducive to the study of the soliton wells.In addition,different transmission states of a soliton well are demonstrated under different probe pulse properties in the fiber-optical analog of the event horizon.When the power of the probe pulse is strong enough,a dispersive wave can be generated from the collision of two fundamental solitons split from the two second-order solitons.These interesting phenomena investigated in this work as a combination of white-and black-hole horizons can be considered as promising candidates for frequency conversion and broadband supercontinuum generation.
基金Supported the Special Natural Science Fund of Guizhou University (X2020068)the financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2019M650846)。
文摘In recent years,the study of quantum effects near the event horizon of a black hole(BH)has attracted extensive attention.It has become one of the important methods to explore BH quantum properties using the related properties of a quantum deformed BH.In this work,we study the effect of a quantum deformed BH on the BH shadow in two-dimensional Dilaton gravity.In this model,quantum effects are reflected by the quantum correction parameter m.By calculation,we find that:(1)the shape of the shadow boundary of a rotating BH is determined by the BH spin a,the quantum correction parameter m,and the BH type parameter n;(2)when the spin a=0,the shape of the BH shadow is a perfect circle;when a≠0,the shape is distorted;if the quantum correction parameter m=0,their shapes reduce to the cases of a Schwarzschild BH and Kerr BH,respectively;(3)the degree of distortion of the BH shadow is different for various quantum correction parameters m;with an increase in the parameter m,the boundary of the BH shadow expands;(4)the size of the BH shadow varies greatly with respect to various quantum deformed BHs(n),and the change in BH shadow shape caused by parameter n is similar to that caused by parameter m,which indicates that there is a"degenerate phenomenon"between the two parameters.Because the value of m in actual physics should be very small,the current observations of the event horizon telescope(EHT)cannot distinguish quantum effects from the BH shadow.In future BH shadow measurements,it will be possible to distinguish quantum deformed BHs,which will help to better understand the quantum effects of BHs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10873003,11045005,and 11273009)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No. Y6090739)
文摘Using a new tortoise coordinate transformation,we discuss the quantum nonthermal radiation characteristics near an event horizon by studying the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of a scalar particle in curved space-time,and obtain the event horizon surface gravity and the Hawking temperature on that event horizon.The results show that there is a crossing of particle energy near the event horizon.We derive the maximum overlap of the positive and negative energy levels.It is also found that the Hawking temperature of a black hole depends not only on the time,but also on the angle.There is a problem of dimension in the usual tortoise coordinate,so the present results obtained by using a correct-dimension new tortoise coordinate transformation may be more reasonable.
文摘Black hole is treated as 2 D membrane. Starting from the usual state equation of thermal radiation, the black hole entropy is technically computed, and the result that is proportional to the area of horizon is briefly obtained.
