The aim of this article is to explore potential directions for the development of artificial intelligence(AI).It points out that,while current AI can handle the statistical properties of complex systems,it has difficu...The aim of this article is to explore potential directions for the development of artificial intelligence(AI).It points out that,while current AI can handle the statistical properties of complex systems,it has difficulty effectively processing and fully representing their spatiotemporal complexity patterns.The article also discusses a potential path of AI development in the engineering domain.Based on the existing understanding of the principles of multilevel com-plexity,this article suggests that consistency among the logical structures of datasets,AI models,model-building software,and hardware will be an important AI development direction and is worthy of careful consideration.展开更多
The 5E model includes Engagement,Exploration,Explanation,Elaboration,and Evaluation,with“Evaluation”at the end,conflicting with teaching learning-evaluation consistency.Thus,formative levaluation is integrated into ...The 5E model includes Engagement,Exploration,Explanation,Elaboration,and Evaluation,with“Evaluation”at the end,conflicting with teaching learning-evaluation consistency.Thus,formative levaluation is integrated into the first four stages,and a summative evaluation table is designed for the fifth,enabling students to self-evaluate and reflect.Elementary school English picture book teaching is used as an example to demonstrate the optimized model's application.展开更多
Hydrogen fuel cell ships are one of the key solutions to achieving zero carbon emissions in shipping.Multi-fuel cell stacks(MFCS)systems are frequently employed to fulfill the power requirements of high-load power equ...Hydrogen fuel cell ships are one of the key solutions to achieving zero carbon emissions in shipping.Multi-fuel cell stacks(MFCS)systems are frequently employed to fulfill the power requirements of high-load power equipment on ships.Compared to single-stack system,MFCS may be difficult to apply traditional energy management strategies(EMS)due to their complex structure.In this paper,a two-layer power allocation strategy for MFCS of a hydrogen fuel cell ship is proposed to reduce the complexity of the allocation task by splitting it into each layer of the EMS.The first layer of the EMSis centered on the Nonlinear Model Predictive Control(NMPC).The Northern Goshawk Optimization(NGO)algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear optimization problem in NMPC,and the local fine search is performed using sequential quadratic programming(SQP).Based on the power allocation results of the first layer,the second layer is centered on a fuzzy rule-based adaptive power allocation strategy(AP-Fuzzy).The membership function bounds of the fuzzy controller are related to the aging level of the MFCS.The Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the residual membership function to improve the performance of the proposed strategy.The effectiveness of the proposed EMS is verified by comparing it with the traditional EMS.The experimental results show that the EMS proposed in this paper can ensure reasonable hydrogen consumption,slow down the FC aging and equalize its performance,effectively extend the system life,and ensure that the ship has good endurance after completing the mission.展开更多
Quasi-likelihood nonlinear models （QLNM） include generalized linear models as a special case. Under some regularity conditions, the rate of the strong consistency of the maximum quasi-likelihood estimation （MQLE） ...Quasi-likelihood nonlinear models （QLNM） include generalized linear models as a special case. Under some regularity conditions, the rate of the strong consistency of the maximum quasi-likelihood estimation （MQLE） is obtained in QLNM. In an important case, this rate is O（n-^1/2（loglogn）^1/2）, which is just the rate of LIL of partial sums for i.i.d variables, and thus cannot be improved anymore.展开更多
Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived ...Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of continuum mechanics in conjunction with the corresponding kinematic assumptions. This is referred to as thermodynamic consistency of the mathematical models. Thermodynamic consistency ensures thermodynamic equilibrium during the evolution of the deformation. When the mathematical models are thermodynamically consistent, the second law of thermodynamics facilitates consistent derivations of constitutive theories in the presence of dissipation and memory mechanisms. This is the main motivation for the work presented in this paper. In the currently used mathematical models for plates/shells based on the assumed kinematic relations, energy functional is constructed over the volume consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of the loads. The Euler’s equations derived from the first variation of the energy functional for arbitrary length when set to zero yield the mathematical model(s) for the deforming plates/shells. Alternatively, principle of virtual work can also be used to derive the same mathematical model(s). For linear elastic reversible deformation physics with small deformation and small strain, these two approaches, based on energy functional and the principle of virtual work, yield the same mathematical models. These mathematical models hold for reversible mechanical deformation. In this paper, we examine whether the currently used plate/shell mathematical models with the corresponding kinematic assumptions can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of classical or non-classical continuum mechanics. The mathematical models based on Kirchhoff hypothesis (classical plate theory, CPT) and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) that are representative of most mathematical models for plates/shells are investigated in this paper for their thermodynamic consistency. This is followed by the details of a general and higher order thermodynamically consistent plate/shell thermoelastic mathematical model that is free of a priori consideration of kinematic assumptions and remains valid for very thin as well as thick plates/shells with comprehensive nonlinear constitutive theories based on integrity. Model problem studies are presented for small deformation behavior of linear elastic plates in the absence of thermal effects and the results are compared with CPT and FSDT mathematical models.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the following semipaxametric regression model under fixed design： yi = xi′β＋g（xi）＋ei. The estimators of β, g（·） and σ^2 axe obtained by using the least squares and usual nonp...In this paper, we consider the following semipaxametric regression model under fixed design： yi = xi′β＋g（xi）＋ei. The estimators of β, g（·） and σ^2 axe obtained by using the least squares and usual nonparametric weight function method and their strong consistency is proved under the suitable conditions.展开更多
This paper addresses an improved distributed model predictive control （DMPC） scheme for multiagent systems with an attempt to improving its consistency. The deviation between what an agent is actually doing and what...This paper addresses an improved distributed model predictive control （DMPC） scheme for multiagent systems with an attempt to improving its consistency. The deviation between what an agent is actually doing and what its neighbors believe that agent is doing is penalized in the cost function of each agent. At each sampling instant the compatibility constraint of each agent is set tighter than the previous sampling instant. Like the traditional approach, the performance cost is utilized as the Lyapunov function to prove closed-looped stability. The closed-loop stability is guaranteed if the weight matrix for deviation in the cost function are sufficiently large. The proposed distributed control scheme is formulated as quadratic programming with quadratic constraints. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.展开更多
Based on the consistency-viscoplastic constitutive model,the static William-Warnke model with three-parameters is modified and a consistency-viscoplastic William-Warnke model with three-parameters is developed that co...Based on the consistency-viscoplastic constitutive model,the static William-Warnke model with three-parameters is modified and a consistency-viscoplastic William-Warnke model with three-parameters is developed that considers the effect of strain rates. Then,the tangent modulus of the consistency viscoplastic model is introduced and an implicit backward Elure iterative algorithm is developed. Comparisons between the numerical simulations and experimental data show that the consistency model properly provides the uniaxial and biaxial dynamic behaviors of concrete. To study the effect of strain rates on the dynamic response of concrete structures,the proposed model is used in the analysis of the dynamic response of a simply-supported beam and the results show that the strain rate has a significant effect on the displacement and stress magnitudes and distributions. Finally,the seismic responses of a 278 m high arch dam are obtained and compared by using the linear elastic model,as well as rate-independent and rate-dependent William-Warnke three-parameter models. The results indicate that the strain rate affects the first principal stresses,and the maximal equivalent viscoplastic strain rate of the arch dam. Numerical calculations and analyses reveal that considering the strain rate is important in the safety assessments of arch dams located in seismically active areas.展开更多
Real-time collaborative editing(RTCE)can support a group of people collaboratively work from distributed locations at the same time.However,consistency maintenance is one key challenge when different types of conflict...Real-time collaborative editing(RTCE)can support a group of people collaboratively work from distributed locations at the same time.However,consistency maintenance is one key challenge when different types of conflicts happen.Therefore a common synchronous mechanism is proposed to support consistency maintenance in the process of multi-view business modeling.Based on operation analysis on different views of models in the real-time collaborative editing system,detection of potential conflicts is realized by means of a decision-making tree.Then consistency maintenance provides a comprehensive and applicable conflicts detection and resolution for collaborative business modeling.Finally,a prototype of collaborative multi-view business modeling system is introduced to verify the approach.The point is that the mechanism proposes a comprehensive solution for collaborative multi-view business modeling.展开更多
Domain-specific metamodeling language(DSMML) defined by informal method cannot strictly represent its structural semantics,so its properties such as consistency cannot be holistically and systematically verified.In re...Domain-specific metamodeling language(DSMML) defined by informal method cannot strictly represent its structural semantics,so its properties such as consistency cannot be holistically and systematically verified.In response,the paper proposes a formal representation of the structural semantics of DSMML named extensible markup language(XML) based metamodeling language(XMML) and its metamodels consistency verification method.Firstly,we describe our approach of formalization,based on this,the method of consistency verification of XMML and its metamodels based on first-order logical inference is presented;then,the formalization automatic mapping engine for metamodels is designed to show the feasibility of our formal method.展开更多
Reliable and efficient modeling of residential space heating systems is crucial for optimizing building energy usage,especially during extreme cold snap events.Traditional white-box models require significant expertis...Reliable and efficient modeling of residential space heating systems is crucial for optimizing building energy usage,especially during extreme cold snap events.Traditional white-box models require significant expertise and time-intensive parameterization,whereas simplified grey-box resistance-capacitance(RC)models often suffer from limited accuracy and frequent recalibrations.Although purely data-driven methods show promise in predictive performance,they lack scalability and interpretability.To address these limitations,the study proposes a physically consistent neural network(PCNN)that integrates fundamental heat transfer principles with data-driven learning.This study compares the performance of grey-box RC models,conventional data-driven models,and the proposed PCNN within a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)framework for space heating control.The evaluation focuses on each model’s predictive accuracy under severe cold snap conditions,as well as their impact on indoor comfort,grid imports,and photovoltaic(PV)utilization.Results show that the PCNN achieves up to a 93.9% reduction in mean absolute error(MAE)prediction errors compared to the RC model and exhibits greater robustness to abrupt temperature drops.When incorporated into DRL controllers,the PCNN enhances indoor temperature stability,increases on-site PV consumption,and reduces energy dependence.Additionally,the PCNN can be effectively trained with smaller datasets without sacrificing accuracy.Although the PCNN model demonstrates higher computational overhead during DRL optimization,its moderate complexity is offset by its enhanced reliability.Notably,the PCNN outperforms all other models in continuous control scenarios,maintaining a mean indoor temperature of 21.9℃ with a minimal deviation of -0.1℃,reaching a 69.2%PV consumption rate,lowering total grid imports by approximately 37%,and reducing overall energy costs by nearly 48% compared to measured results.展开更多
With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)technology,change detection methods based on UAV images have been extensively studied.However,the imaging of UAV sensors is susceptible to environmental interf...With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)technology,change detection methods based on UAV images have been extensively studied.However,the imaging of UAV sensors is susceptible to environmental interference,which leads to great differences of same object between UAV images.Overcoming the discrepancy difference between UAV images is crucial to improving the accuracy of change detection.To address this issue,a novel unsupervised change detection method based on structural consistency and the Generalized Fuzzy Local Information C-means Clustering Model(GFLICM)was proposed in this study.Within this method,the establishment of a graph-based structural consistency measure allowed for the detection of change information by comparing structure similarity between UAV images.The local variation coefficient was introduced and a new fuzzy factor was reconstructed,after which the GFLICM algorithm was used to analyze difference images.Finally,change detection results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.To measure the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method,experiments were conducted using two data sets from the cities of Yangzhou and Nanjing.The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the overall accuracy of change detection and reduce the false alarm rate when compared with other state-of-the-art change detection methods.展开更多
Checking if the implementations conform to the requirement models is challenging. Most existing techniques for consistency checking either focus on requirement models（e.g., requirements consistency checking）, or on ...Checking if the implementations conform to the requirement models is challenging. Most existing techniques for consistency checking either focus on requirement models（e.g., requirements consistency checking）, or on the implementations（e.g., code-based testing） only. In this paper we propose an approach to checking behavioral consistency of implementations against requirement models directly to overcome these limitations. Our approach extracts two behavioral models represented by Labelled Transition Systems（LTS） from requirement models and implementations respectively, and checks the behavioral consistency between these two models based on behavioral simulation relation of LTS. The checking results of our approach provide evidence for behavioral inconsistency as well as inconsistent localization. A research prototype called BCCH and a case study are presented to give initial validation of this approach.展开更多
A new consistency control method for jet dispensing is proposed. First, the working parameters, namely, viscosity, supply pressure and supply time, are experimentally investigated. Then, the glue viscosity is approxim...A new consistency control method for jet dispensing is proposed. First, the working parameters, namely, viscosity, supply pressure and supply time, are experimentally investigated. Then, the glue viscosity is approximated by a polynomial model using the least square method. Based on this model and temperatme control implemented using the Dahlin principle, the viscosity of the glue can be maintained at a constant value. Then, the viscosity model of the glue is applied to deriving the droplet mass as the nominal model of the temperature controller. The robustness of the temperature controller is analyzed by applying the small gain theory. The glue supply pressure controller is designed using the consistency control strategy, and the robustness is analyzed. Finall）, simulations and experiments are conducted using a jet dispensing control system. The results show that the proposed control strategy can significantly improve the droplet consistency.展开更多
In this article, we focus on the semi-parametric error-in-variables model with missing responses: , where yi are the response variables missing at random, are design points, ζi are the potential variables observed wi...In this article, we focus on the semi-parametric error-in-variables model with missing responses: , where yi are the response variables missing at random, are design points, ζi are the potential variables observed with measurement errors μi, the unknown slope parameter ß?and nonparametric component g(·) need to be estimated. Here we choose two different approaches to estimate ß?and g(·). Under appropriate conditions, we study the strong consistency for the proposed estimators.展开更多
Inverse technique is a widely used method in oceanography, but it has a problem that the retrieved solutions often violate model prior assumptions. To tune the model has consistent solutions, an iteration approach, wh...Inverse technique is a widely used method in oceanography, but it has a problem that the retrieved solutions often violate model prior assumptions. To tune the model has consistent solutions, an iteration approach, which successively utilizes the posterior statistics for next round inverse estimation, is introduced and tested from a real case study. It is found that the consistency may become elusive as the determinants of solution and noise covariance matrices become zero in the iteration process. However, after several steps of such operation, the difference between posterior statistics and the model prior ones can be gradually reduced.展开更多
Consistency of LS estimate of simple linear EV model is studied. It is shown that under some common assumptions of the model, both weak and strong consistency of the estimate are equivalent but it is not so for quadra...Consistency of LS estimate of simple linear EV model is studied. It is shown that under some common assumptions of the model, both weak and strong consistency of the estimate are equivalent but it is not so for quadratic-mean consistency.展开更多
Appropriate maintenance technologies that facilitate model consistency in distributed simulation systems are relevant but generally unavailable.To resolve this problem,we analyze the main factors that cause model inco...Appropriate maintenance technologies that facilitate model consistency in distributed simulation systems are relevant but generally unavailable.To resolve this problem,we analyze the main factors that cause model inconsistency.The analysis methods used for traditional distributed simulations are mostly empirical and qualitative,and disregard the dynamic characteristics of factor evolution in model operational running.Furthermore,distributed simulation applications(DSAs)are rapidly evolving in terms of large-scale,distributed,service-oriented,compositional,and dynamic features.Such developments present difficulty in the use of traditional analysis methods in DSAs,for the analysis of factorial effects on simulation models.To solve these problems,we construct a dynamic evolution mechanism of model consistency,called the connected model hyper-digraph(CMH).CMH is developed using formal methods that accurately specify the evolutional processes and activities of models(i.e.,self-evolution,interoperability,compositionality,and authenticity).We also develop an algorithm of model consistency evolution(AMCE)based on CMH to quantitatively and dynamically evaluate influencing factors.Experimental results demonstrate that non-combination(33.7%on average)is the most influential factor,non-single-directed understanding(26.6%)is the second most influential,and non-double-directed understanding(5.0%)is the least influential.Unlike previous analysis methods,AMCE provides good feasibility and effectiveness.This research can serve as guidance for designers of consistency maintenance technologies toward achieving a high level of consistency in future DSAs.展开更多
For the semiparametric regression model:Y^((j))(x_(in),t_(in))=t_(in)β+g(x_(in))+e^((j))(x_(in)),1≤j≤k,1≤i≤n,where t_(in)∈R and x(in)∈Rpare known to be nonrandom,g is an unknown continuous function on a compact...For the semiparametric regression model:Y^((j))(x_(in),t_(in))=t_(in)β+g(x_(in))+e^((j))(x_(in)),1≤j≤k,1≤i≤n,where t_(in)∈R and x(in)∈Rpare known to be nonrandom,g is an unknown continuous function on a compact set A in R^(p),e^(j)(x_(in))are m-extended negatively dependent random errors with mean zero,Y^((j))(x_(in),t_(in))represent the j-th response variables which are observable at points xin,tin.In this paper,we study the strong consistency,complete consistency and r-th(r>1)mean consistency for the estimatorsβ_(k,n)and g__(k,n)ofβand g,respectively.The results obtained in this paper markedly improve and extend the corresponding ones for independent random variables,negatively associated random variables and other mixing random variables.Moreover,we carry out a numerical simulation for our main results.展开更多
In case that replicated observations are available in someexperimental points, the parameters estimation of one-dimensional linear errors-in-variables (EV) models was studied. Weak and strong consistency was proved un...In case that replicated observations are available in someexperimental points, the parameters estimation of one-dimensional linear errors-in-variables (EV) models was studied. Weak and strong consistency was proved under mild conditions.展开更多
文摘The aim of this article is to explore potential directions for the development of artificial intelligence(AI).It points out that,while current AI can handle the statistical properties of complex systems,it has difficulty effectively processing and fully representing their spatiotemporal complexity patterns.The article also discusses a potential path of AI development in the engineering domain.Based on the existing understanding of the principles of multilevel com-plexity,this article suggests that consistency among the logical structures of datasets,AI models,model-building software,and hardware will be an important AI development direction and is worthy of careful consideration.
基金This paper is funded by Project Information:2023 Guangdong Undergraduate Colleges and Universities Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project Construction Project,Project Name:Action Research on Whole-area Nurturing of English Reading Teaching in Universities,Secondary and Primary Schools under the Perspective of Discipline Nurturing.Project serial number:895.
文摘The 5E model includes Engagement,Exploration,Explanation,Elaboration,and Evaluation,with“Evaluation”at the end,conflicting with teaching learning-evaluation consistency.Thus,formative levaluation is integrated into the first four stages,and a summative evaluation table is designed for the fifth,enabling students to self-evaluate and reflect.Elementary school English picture book teaching is used as an example to demonstrate the optimized model's application.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4301403).
文摘Hydrogen fuel cell ships are one of the key solutions to achieving zero carbon emissions in shipping.Multi-fuel cell stacks(MFCS)systems are frequently employed to fulfill the power requirements of high-load power equipment on ships.Compared to single-stack system,MFCS may be difficult to apply traditional energy management strategies(EMS)due to their complex structure.In this paper,a two-layer power allocation strategy for MFCS of a hydrogen fuel cell ship is proposed to reduce the complexity of the allocation task by splitting it into each layer of the EMS.The first layer of the EMSis centered on the Nonlinear Model Predictive Control(NMPC).The Northern Goshawk Optimization(NGO)algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear optimization problem in NMPC,and the local fine search is performed using sequential quadratic programming(SQP).Based on the power allocation results of the first layer,the second layer is centered on a fuzzy rule-based adaptive power allocation strategy(AP-Fuzzy).The membership function bounds of the fuzzy controller are related to the aging level of the MFCS.The Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the residual membership function to improve the performance of the proposed strategy.The effectiveness of the proposed EMS is verified by comparing it with the traditional EMS.The experimental results show that the EMS proposed in this paper can ensure reasonable hydrogen consumption,slow down the FC aging and equalize its performance,effectively extend the system life,and ensure that the ship has good endurance after completing the mission.
基金Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (10761011)Mathematical Tianyuan Fund of National Natural Science Fundation of China(10626048)
文摘Quasi-likelihood nonlinear models （QLNM） include generalized linear models as a special case. Under some regularity conditions, the rate of the strong consistency of the maximum quasi-likelihood estimation （MQLE） is obtained in QLNM. In an important case, this rate is O（n-^1/2（loglogn）^1/2）, which is just the rate of LIL of partial sums for i.i.d variables, and thus cannot be improved anymore.
文摘Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of continuum mechanics in conjunction with the corresponding kinematic assumptions. This is referred to as thermodynamic consistency of the mathematical models. Thermodynamic consistency ensures thermodynamic equilibrium during the evolution of the deformation. When the mathematical models are thermodynamically consistent, the second law of thermodynamics facilitates consistent derivations of constitutive theories in the presence of dissipation and memory mechanisms. This is the main motivation for the work presented in this paper. In the currently used mathematical models for plates/shells based on the assumed kinematic relations, energy functional is constructed over the volume consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of the loads. The Euler’s equations derived from the first variation of the energy functional for arbitrary length when set to zero yield the mathematical model(s) for the deforming plates/shells. Alternatively, principle of virtual work can also be used to derive the same mathematical model(s). For linear elastic reversible deformation physics with small deformation and small strain, these two approaches, based on energy functional and the principle of virtual work, yield the same mathematical models. These mathematical models hold for reversible mechanical deformation. In this paper, we examine whether the currently used plate/shell mathematical models with the corresponding kinematic assumptions can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of classical or non-classical continuum mechanics. The mathematical models based on Kirchhoff hypothesis (classical plate theory, CPT) and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) that are representative of most mathematical models for plates/shells are investigated in this paper for their thermodynamic consistency. This is followed by the details of a general and higher order thermodynamically consistent plate/shell thermoelastic mathematical model that is free of a priori consideration of kinematic assumptions and remains valid for very thin as well as thick plates/shells with comprehensive nonlinear constitutive theories based on integrity. Model problem studies are presented for small deformation behavior of linear elastic plates in the absence of thermal effects and the results are compared with CPT and FSDT mathematical models.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10571008)Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(0511013300)Supported by the National Science Foundation of Henan Education Department(2006110012)
文摘In this paper, we consider the following semipaxametric regression model under fixed design： yi = xi′β＋g（xi）＋ei. The estimators of β, g（·） and σ^2 axe obtained by using the least squares and usual nonparametric weight function method and their strong consistency is proved under the suitable conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60874046,60974090)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(No.200806110021)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China(CSTS No.2008BB2049)
文摘This paper addresses an improved distributed model predictive control （DMPC） scheme for multiagent systems with an attempt to improving its consistency. The deviation between what an agent is actually doing and what its neighbors believe that agent is doing is penalized in the cost function of each agent. At each sampling instant the compatibility constraint of each agent is set tighter than the previous sampling instant. Like the traditional approach, the performance cost is utilized as the Lyapunov function to prove closed-looped stability. The closed-loop stability is guaranteed if the weight matrix for deviation in the cost function are sufficiently large. The proposed distributed control scheme is formulated as quadratic programming with quadratic constraints. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
基金Naitonal Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.90815026Foundation of National Seismic Bureau Under Grant No.200808074
文摘Based on the consistency-viscoplastic constitutive model,the static William-Warnke model with three-parameters is modified and a consistency-viscoplastic William-Warnke model with three-parameters is developed that considers the effect of strain rates. Then,the tangent modulus of the consistency viscoplastic model is introduced and an implicit backward Elure iterative algorithm is developed. Comparisons between the numerical simulations and experimental data show that the consistency model properly provides the uniaxial and biaxial dynamic behaviors of concrete. To study the effect of strain rates on the dynamic response of concrete structures,the proposed model is used in the analysis of the dynamic response of a simply-supported beam and the results show that the strain rate has a significant effect on the displacement and stress magnitudes and distributions. Finally,the seismic responses of a 278 m high arch dam are obtained and compared by using the linear elastic model,as well as rate-independent and rate-dependent William-Warnke three-parameter models. The results indicate that the strain rate affects the first principal stresses,and the maximal equivalent viscoplastic strain rate of the arch dam. Numerical calculations and analyses reveal that considering the strain rate is important in the safety assessments of arch dams located in seismically active areas.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61373030 and 71171132)
文摘Real-time collaborative editing(RTCE)can support a group of people collaboratively work from distributed locations at the same time.However,consistency maintenance is one key challenge when different types of conflicts happen.Therefore a common synchronous mechanism is proposed to support consistency maintenance in the process of multi-view business modeling.Based on operation analysis on different views of models in the real-time collaborative editing system,detection of potential conflicts is realized by means of a decision-making tree.Then consistency maintenance provides a comprehensive and applicable conflicts detection and resolution for collaborative business modeling.Finally,a prototype of collaborative multi-view business modeling system is introduced to verify the approach.The point is that the mechanism proposes a comprehensive solution for collaborative multi-view business modeling.
基金the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Research Fund Key Project(No.2011z025)General Project(No.2011y214)
文摘Domain-specific metamodeling language(DSMML) defined by informal method cannot strictly represent its structural semantics,so its properties such as consistency cannot be holistically and systematically verified.In response,the paper proposes a formal representation of the structural semantics of DSMML named extensible markup language(XML) based metamodeling language(XMML) and its metamodels consistency verification method.Firstly,we describe our approach of formalization,based on this,the method of consistency verification of XMML and its metamodels based on first-order logical inference is presented;then,the formalization automatic mapping engine for metamodels is designed to show the feasibility of our formal method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Research on operation optimization strategy of energy flexible buildings based on synergizing data-driven and physics mechanism approach”(No.52308098)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation“Research on Flexible District Integrated Energy System under High Penetration Level of Renewable Energy”(No.ZR2021QE084)the Xiangjiang Plan“Development of Smart Building Management Technologies Towards Carbon Neutrality”(No.XJ20220028).
文摘Reliable and efficient modeling of residential space heating systems is crucial for optimizing building energy usage,especially during extreme cold snap events.Traditional white-box models require significant expertise and time-intensive parameterization,whereas simplified grey-box resistance-capacitance(RC)models often suffer from limited accuracy and frequent recalibrations.Although purely data-driven methods show promise in predictive performance,they lack scalability and interpretability.To address these limitations,the study proposes a physically consistent neural network(PCNN)that integrates fundamental heat transfer principles with data-driven learning.This study compares the performance of grey-box RC models,conventional data-driven models,and the proposed PCNN within a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)framework for space heating control.The evaluation focuses on each model’s predictive accuracy under severe cold snap conditions,as well as their impact on indoor comfort,grid imports,and photovoltaic(PV)utilization.Results show that the PCNN achieves up to a 93.9% reduction in mean absolute error(MAE)prediction errors compared to the RC model and exhibits greater robustness to abrupt temperature drops.When incorporated into DRL controllers,the PCNN enhances indoor temperature stability,increases on-site PV consumption,and reduces energy dependence.Additionally,the PCNN can be effectively trained with smaller datasets without sacrificing accuracy.Although the PCNN model demonstrates higher computational overhead during DRL optimization,its moderate complexity is offset by its enhanced reliability.Notably,the PCNN outperforms all other models in continuous control scenarios,maintaining a mean indoor temperature of 21.9℃ with a minimal deviation of -0.1℃,reaching a 69.2%PV consumption rate,lowering total grid imports by approximately 37%,and reducing overall energy costs by nearly 48% compared to measured results.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62101219)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20201026,BK20210921)+1 种基金Science Foundation of Jiangsu Normal University(No.19XSRX006)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering(No.JS202107)。
文摘With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)technology,change detection methods based on UAV images have been extensively studied.However,the imaging of UAV sensors is susceptible to environmental interference,which leads to great differences of same object between UAV images.Overcoming the discrepancy difference between UAV images is crucial to improving the accuracy of change detection.To address this issue,a novel unsupervised change detection method based on structural consistency and the Generalized Fuzzy Local Information C-means Clustering Model(GFLICM)was proposed in this study.Within this method,the establishment of a graph-based structural consistency measure allowed for the detection of change information by comparing structure similarity between UAV images.The local variation coefficient was introduced and a new fuzzy factor was reconstructed,after which the GFLICM algorithm was used to analyze difference images.Finally,change detection results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.To measure the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method,experiments were conducted using two data sets from the cities of Yangzhou and Nanjing.The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the overall accuracy of change detection and reduce the false alarm rate when compared with other state-of-the-art change detection methods.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91118003,61003071)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3101046,201121102020006)the Special Funds for Shenzhen Strategic New Industry Development(JCYJ20120616135936123)
文摘Checking if the implementations conform to the requirement models is challenging. Most existing techniques for consistency checking either focus on requirement models（e.g., requirements consistency checking）, or on the implementations（e.g., code-based testing） only. In this paper we propose an approach to checking behavioral consistency of implementations against requirement models directly to overcome these limitations. Our approach extracts two behavioral models represented by Labelled Transition Systems（LTS） from requirement models and implementations respectively, and checks the behavioral consistency between these two models based on behavioral simulation relation of LTS. The checking results of our approach provide evidence for behavioral inconsistency as well as inconsistent localization. A research prototype called BCCH and a case study are presented to give initial validation of this approach.
基金Project(2011CB013104)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘A new consistency control method for jet dispensing is proposed. First, the working parameters, namely, viscosity, supply pressure and supply time, are experimentally investigated. Then, the glue viscosity is approximated by a polynomial model using the least square method. Based on this model and temperatme control implemented using the Dahlin principle, the viscosity of the glue can be maintained at a constant value. Then, the viscosity model of the glue is applied to deriving the droplet mass as the nominal model of the temperature controller. The robustness of the temperature controller is analyzed by applying the small gain theory. The glue supply pressure controller is designed using the consistency control strategy, and the robustness is analyzed. Finall）, simulations and experiments are conducted using a jet dispensing control system. The results show that the proposed control strategy can significantly improve the droplet consistency.
文摘In this article, we focus on the semi-parametric error-in-variables model with missing responses: , where yi are the response variables missing at random, are design points, ζi are the potential variables observed with measurement errors μi, the unknown slope parameter ß?and nonparametric component g(·) need to be estimated. Here we choose two different approaches to estimate ß?and g(·). Under appropriate conditions, we study the strong consistency for the proposed estimators.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41490644 and 41490640
文摘Inverse technique is a widely used method in oceanography, but it has a problem that the retrieved solutions often violate model prior assumptions. To tune the model has consistent solutions, an iteration approach, which successively utilizes the posterior statistics for next round inverse estimation, is introduced and tested from a real case study. It is found that the consistency may become elusive as the determinants of solution and noise covariance matrices become zero in the iteration process. However, after several steps of such operation, the difference between posterior statistics and the model prior ones can be gradually reduced.
文摘Consistency of LS estimate of simple linear EV model is studied. It is shown that under some common assumptions of the model, both weak and strong consistency of the estimate are equivalent but it is not so for quadratic-mean consistency.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61272336)
文摘Appropriate maintenance technologies that facilitate model consistency in distributed simulation systems are relevant but generally unavailable.To resolve this problem,we analyze the main factors that cause model inconsistency.The analysis methods used for traditional distributed simulations are mostly empirical and qualitative,and disregard the dynamic characteristics of factor evolution in model operational running.Furthermore,distributed simulation applications(DSAs)are rapidly evolving in terms of large-scale,distributed,service-oriented,compositional,and dynamic features.Such developments present difficulty in the use of traditional analysis methods in DSAs,for the analysis of factorial effects on simulation models.To solve these problems,we construct a dynamic evolution mechanism of model consistency,called the connected model hyper-digraph(CMH).CMH is developed using formal methods that accurately specify the evolutional processes and activities of models(i.e.,self-evolution,interoperability,compositionality,and authenticity).We also develop an algorithm of model consistency evolution(AMCE)based on CMH to quantitatively and dynamically evaluate influencing factors.Experimental results demonstrate that non-combination(33.7%on average)is the most influential factor,non-single-directed understanding(26.6%)is the second most influential,and non-double-directed understanding(5.0%)is the least influential.Unlike previous analysis methods,AMCE provides good feasibility and effectiveness.This research can serve as guidance for designers of consistency maintenance technologies toward achieving a high level of consistency in future DSAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671012,11871072)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(1808085QA03,1908085QA01,1908085QA07)the Provincial Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Colleges(KJ2019A0003)。
文摘For the semiparametric regression model:Y^((j))(x_(in),t_(in))=t_(in)β+g(x_(in))+e^((j))(x_(in)),1≤j≤k,1≤i≤n,where t_(in)∈R and x(in)∈Rpare known to be nonrandom,g is an unknown continuous function on a compact set A in R^(p),e^(j)(x_(in))are m-extended negatively dependent random errors with mean zero,Y^((j))(x_(in),t_(in))represent the j-th response variables which are observable at points xin,tin.In this paper,we study the strong consistency,complete consistency and r-th(r>1)mean consistency for the estimatorsβ_(k,n)and g__(k,n)ofβand g,respectively.The results obtained in this paper markedly improve and extend the corresponding ones for independent random variables,negatively associated random variables and other mixing random variables.Moreover,we carry out a numerical simulation for our main results.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19631040) .
文摘In case that replicated observations are available in someexperimental points, the parameters estimation of one-dimensional linear errors-in-variables (EV) models was studied. Weak and strong consistency was proved under mild conditions.
