Organic group ethyl was grafted into the pore of SBA-15 mesoporous sieve with ethanetriethoxy silane as the coupling agent.The inorganic/organic composite mesoporous material C2H5-SBA-15 synthesized was characerized b...Organic group ethyl was grafted into the pore of SBA-15 mesoporous sieve with ethanetriethoxy silane as the coupling agent.The inorganic/organic composite mesoporous material C2H5-SBA-15 synthesized was characerized by SAXRD,nitrogen adsorption-desorption,elemental analysis,and FT-IR.The results showed that ethyl was successfully grafted into the pore of SBA-15 and C2H5-SBA-15 still retained the ordered mesoporous structure.展开更多
Evacuated tube transportation(ETT)offers a promising high-speed transport solution,but trains operating at supersonic speeds within a sealed tube can induce complex aerodynamic phenomena that impact safety and reliabi...Evacuated tube transportation(ETT)offers a promising high-speed transport solution,but trains operating at supersonic speeds within a sealed tube can induce complex aerodynamic phenomena that impact safety and reliability.This study utilized the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)shear stress transport k-ω(SST k-ω)turbulence model for steady-state simulations and the improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES)SST k-ωmodel for unsteady state simulations,both coupled with the advection upstream splitting method(AUSM).Four tunnel cross-sectional areas(49 m^(2),64 m^(2),81 m^(2),and 100 m^(2))with corresponding blockage ratios(β)(0.253,0.192,0.150,0.121)were analyzed to explore shock wave formation and its dependence on blockage ratios,along with surface pressure distribution and aerodynamic loading.Results show that higher blockage ratios increase shock wave intensity,while larger tunnel areas reduce this intensity,improving flow structure and wake effects.Moreover,as the blockage ratio decreases,the total drag coefficient of the entire train decreases linearly.When the blockage ratio decreases from 0.253 to 0.121,the total drag coefficient of the entire train decreases by 46.2%,with the head carriage and tail carriage drag coefficients decreasing by 23.3%and 32.7%,respectively,while the drag coefficient of the middle carriage remains nearly unchanged.The percentage of the total drag coefficient contributed by the head carriage decreases from 51.1%to 40.9%,while the percentage for the tail carriage increases from 47.0%to 56.6%.These findings enhance understanding of ETT fluid dynamics and performance.展开更多
大肠杆菌Ⅲ型分泌系统2(Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2,ETT2)参与禽致病性大肠杆菌(avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)的致病作用。本研究旨在探究ETT2结构基因epaPQR对禽致病性大肠杆菌的生物学特性及致病作用...大肠杆菌Ⅲ型分泌系统2(Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2,ETT2)参与禽致病性大肠杆菌(avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)的致病作用。本研究旨在探究ETT2结构基因epaPQR对禽致病性大肠杆菌的生物学特性及致病作用的影响,为进一步阐明ETT2的致病机制提供依据。基于CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术,构建epaPQR基因缺失株和回复株,通过生长曲线测定、运动性和生物被膜形成能力等试验,分析epaPQR基因对APEC生物学特性的影响;通过血清杀菌与组织载菌量等试验分析epaPQR基因对APEC致病性的影响。结果表明,成功构建ETT2结构基因epaPQR基因缺失株和回复株,epaPQR基因缺失后,其生长能力和生物被膜形成能力并没有显著改变(P>0.05);但epaPQR基因缺失后,其运动能力显著降低(P<0.05),在透射电镜下观察到缺失株鞭毛数量明显减少,通过荧光定量PCR发现,鞭毛T3SS结构基因及鞭毛输出蛋白基因的转录水平均显著下调(P<0.05)。epaPQR基因缺失后其抗血清杀菌能力显著增强(P<0.05),缺失株AE81ΔepaPQR在雏鸡体内不同器官的定殖能力显著降低。结果说明,ETT2结构基因epaPQR参与调控APEC的鞭毛形成,影响APEC抗血清杀菌能力以及在体内组织器官的定殖能力,表明epaPQR在APEC致病过程中发挥重要作用,本研究为深入探究ETT2功能和APEC致病机制提供参考。展开更多
文摘Organic group ethyl was grafted into the pore of SBA-15 mesoporous sieve with ethanetriethoxy silane as the coupling agent.The inorganic/organic composite mesoporous material C2H5-SBA-15 synthesized was characerized by SAXRD,nitrogen adsorption-desorption,elemental analysis,and FT-IR.The results showed that ethyl was successfully grafted into the pore of SBA-15 and C2H5-SBA-15 still retained the ordered mesoporous structure.
基金Project(JZ202201)supported by the Key Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Jiangmen,ChinaProject(2021WGALH15)supported by the Hong Kong and Macao Joint Research and Development Fund of Wuyi University,China+2 种基金Project(S202411349091)supported by the University Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Guangdong,ChinaProject(52202426)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(15205723,15226424)supported by the Research Grants Council(RGC)of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China。
文摘Evacuated tube transportation(ETT)offers a promising high-speed transport solution,but trains operating at supersonic speeds within a sealed tube can induce complex aerodynamic phenomena that impact safety and reliability.This study utilized the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)shear stress transport k-ω(SST k-ω)turbulence model for steady-state simulations and the improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES)SST k-ωmodel for unsteady state simulations,both coupled with the advection upstream splitting method(AUSM).Four tunnel cross-sectional areas(49 m^(2),64 m^(2),81 m^(2),and 100 m^(2))with corresponding blockage ratios(β)(0.253,0.192,0.150,0.121)were analyzed to explore shock wave formation and its dependence on blockage ratios,along with surface pressure distribution and aerodynamic loading.Results show that higher blockage ratios increase shock wave intensity,while larger tunnel areas reduce this intensity,improving flow structure and wake effects.Moreover,as the blockage ratio decreases,the total drag coefficient of the entire train decreases linearly.When the blockage ratio decreases from 0.253 to 0.121,the total drag coefficient of the entire train decreases by 46.2%,with the head carriage and tail carriage drag coefficients decreasing by 23.3%and 32.7%,respectively,while the drag coefficient of the middle carriage remains nearly unchanged.The percentage of the total drag coefficient contributed by the head carriage decreases from 51.1%to 40.9%,while the percentage for the tail carriage increases from 47.0%to 56.6%.These findings enhance understanding of ETT fluid dynamics and performance.
文摘大肠杆菌Ⅲ型分泌系统2(Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2,ETT2)参与禽致病性大肠杆菌(avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)的致病作用。本研究旨在探究ETT2结构基因epaPQR对禽致病性大肠杆菌的生物学特性及致病作用的影响,为进一步阐明ETT2的致病机制提供依据。基于CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术,构建epaPQR基因缺失株和回复株,通过生长曲线测定、运动性和生物被膜形成能力等试验,分析epaPQR基因对APEC生物学特性的影响;通过血清杀菌与组织载菌量等试验分析epaPQR基因对APEC致病性的影响。结果表明,成功构建ETT2结构基因epaPQR基因缺失株和回复株,epaPQR基因缺失后,其生长能力和生物被膜形成能力并没有显著改变(P>0.05);但epaPQR基因缺失后,其运动能力显著降低(P<0.05),在透射电镜下观察到缺失株鞭毛数量明显减少,通过荧光定量PCR发现,鞭毛T3SS结构基因及鞭毛输出蛋白基因的转录水平均显著下调(P<0.05)。epaPQR基因缺失后其抗血清杀菌能力显著增强(P<0.05),缺失株AE81ΔepaPQR在雏鸡体内不同器官的定殖能力显著降低。结果说明,ETT2结构基因epaPQR参与调控APEC的鞭毛形成,影响APEC抗血清杀菌能力以及在体内组织器官的定殖能力,表明epaPQR在APEC致病过程中发挥重要作用,本研究为深入探究ETT2功能和APEC致病机制提供参考。
