目的:比较研究Ethos自适应放射治疗系统的Auto Plan(自动计划)与Fall back Plan(导入计划)在乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗中的剂量学差异,探讨Ethos平台下两种技术在乳腺癌保乳术后放疗中的临床价值。方法:回顾性选择2022年在上海交通大学医...目的:比较研究Ethos自适应放射治疗系统的Auto Plan(自动计划)与Fall back Plan(导入计划)在乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗中的剂量学差异,探讨Ethos平台下两种技术在乳腺癌保乳术后放疗中的临床价值。方法:回顾性选择2022年在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗的15例乳腺癌患者资料。基于Ethos计划系统为每例患者分别设计调强放射治疗(IMRT)7、9和12野均分(7F_IMRT、9F_IMRT和12F_IMRT)的自动计划,以及12野的导入计划,对比评价左、右乳自动计划与导入计划靶区剂量分布的适形指数(CI)、均匀性指数(HI)及危及器官(OAR)的剂量学差异。结果:导入计划能够改善靶区剂量分布,15例患者靶区剂量平均HI为0.020±0.005,优于7F_IMRT、9F_IMRT和12F_IMRT的3种自动计划的0.065±0.015、0.024±0.004和0.024±0.0045,差异有统计学意义(t=12.687、3.638、4.885,P<0.05)。在8例左乳腺癌患者中,导入计划OAR患侧肺的平均剂量(D_(mean))、接受5、10、20、30Gy剂量的体积百分比(V_(5Gy)、V_(10Gy)、V_(20Gy)、V_(30Gy))均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=24.31、64.59、18.02、7.32、5.74,P<0.05);导入计划的心脏受量平均D_(mean)、V_(5Gy)、V_(10Gy)、V_(30Gy)分别为(244.83±53.93)cGy、(9.64±2.94)%、(4.28±2.0)%、(0.51±0.5)%,均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=10.17、12.05、4.59、3.95,P<0.05);导入计划健侧肺D_(mean)和V_(5Gy)及健侧乳腺的D_(mean)均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=27.99、6.26、35.89,P<0.05)。在7例右乳腺癌患者中,导入计划OAR患侧肺D_(mean)、V_(5Gy)、V_(10Gy)、V_(20Gy)、V_(30Gy)均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=3.43、3.85、2.32、2.36、3.59,P<0.05)。导入计划心脏Dmax、D_(mean)、V_(5Gy)均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=10、10.22、3.96,P<0.05)。导入计划的健侧肺的D_(mean)及V_(5Gy)及健侧乳腺D_(mean)的均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=20.87、4.17、59.83,P<0.05)。结论:导入计划与7F_IMRT、9F_IMRT及12F_IMRT的Ethos系统自动计划相比,靶区均匀性更好,患侧肺以及心脏的剂量更低,且其他OAR的剂量均在临床限制要求之内。导入计划在乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗中具有更高的临床应用价值。展开更多
The population finds more and more difficulties to assess the scope and content of political declaration especially in terms of plausibility and the real intentions of the speakers. This is especially true for the Sen...The population finds more and more difficulties to assess the scope and content of political declaration especially in terms of plausibility and the real intentions of the speakers. This is especially true for the Senegalese public who more and more loses confidence in the political class. The public tends to look at the identity of the political personality and its personal values （morality credibility） to determine what to make of his/her words. On their side, politicians also begin promoting their image through their speeches. At this level, religious ethics seems to be unanimously considered a criterion of good morality among Senegalese politicians. We will try to look through Perelman＇s theory of argumentation, which Amossy redefined, how, in order to reach the audience, politicians adapt their words to the public, and enhance principles cherished by the populations to win the battle of the image and confidence.展开更多
The paper explores two aspects in classical Chinese rhetoric： collectivism and collective ethos. It looks closely at some of the key notions, like harmony, face, and cheng-yan （诚言） to show how the spirit of colle...The paper explores two aspects in classical Chinese rhetoric： collectivism and collective ethos. It looks closely at some of the key notions, like harmony, face, and cheng-yan （诚言） to show how the spirit of collectivism drives Chinese rhetoric on a path different from its Western counterpart, which is defined as an art of persuasion characteristic of personal endeavors.展开更多
This paper examines how Sun Guoting employs interpersonal metadiscourse to realize the credible appeal in his treatise Shu Pu.The findings of the research indicate the credible appeal aided by this metadiscourse helps...This paper examines how Sun Guoting employs interpersonal metadiscourse to realize the credible appeal in his treatise Shu Pu.The findings of the research indicate the credible appeal aided by this metadiscourse helps illuminate the rhetorical success of Shu Pu.Certainty markers as well as attitude markers prevail,which contribute to the ethos of a determined,upright and passionate calligraphy critic,scholar and supervisor.Meanwhile,hedges,commentaries and attributors of interpersonal metadiscourse also carry credible meanings for Sun’s readers,though used less frequently.展开更多
When nations are threatened with violence, the choices they make in order to cope with the challenges of war reflect different alternative possible reactions. They may choose to fight their battles fiercely or they ma...When nations are threatened with violence, the choices they make in order to cope with the challenges of war reflect different alternative possible reactions. They may choose to fight their battles fiercely or they may prefer to surrender and, sometimes, the options lay in-between. The question, therefore, is what makes nations fight and, more importantly, what causes them eventually to win or lose a war. In search of an answer to this riddle, this study examines secondary sources about three historical case studies taken from the first half of the twentieth century that deal with the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Soviet Union. It concentrates on the part played by national ethos regarding the manner in which each of them handled their wars in moments of crisis and reveals how national ethos is intertwined with another phenomenon of social psychology that turns it into a crucial factor in the management of international campaigns： enthusiasm for war. A wide historical perspective, however, shows that even though the right kind of national ethos is essential for winning a war, it is far from being enough. Hence national ethos proves, at the end of the day, to be a necessary condition for military victory, but certainly not a sufficient one.展开更多
academic ethos construction is a long-term cultural project. In order to solve the current problem in academic ethos, the working concept of ideological and political education should be changed. Regard academic ethos...academic ethos construction is a long-term cultural project. In order to solve the current problem in academic ethos, the working concept of ideological and political education should be changed. Regard academic ethos construction as the focus of ideological and political education. Have a further improvement in working mechanism that relate to the academic ethos. Try to improve the working methods. Build a united working team elaborately. In this way, establish a good cultural ecology and let the students grow healthily.展开更多
Aim: Validated instruments exist measuring parts of personal health, ill-health and lifestyle, but there are few, if any, instruments “grasping the big picture” of wellness and ethos. Accordingly the aim was to deve...Aim: Validated instruments exist measuring parts of personal health, ill-health and lifestyle, but there are few, if any, instruments “grasping the big picture” of wellness and ethos. Accordingly the aim was to develop and establish the psychometric properties of a 74-item Ethos towards Wellness Questionnaire (EtWeQ) with regards to content and construct validity, as well as homogeneity and stability reliability. Methods: A questionnaire based on a methodological and developmental design was sent out twice with a four week gap between, on 221 healthy middle-aged participants in four steps: item generating, content validating, statistical analyzing and establishing the final questionnaire. Results: The substantial base, consisting of content validity resulted in, besides basic characteristics, six well-defined and sufficient indexes comprising of;two health indexes (healthiness and ill-healthiness), three life context indexes (work, family, spare time), and one brief comprehensive index (ethos). The three life context as well as the ethos indexes at an ordinal scale level, identified overall satisfactory communalities of >0.30, factor loadings > 0.30, and factor total variance > 50% with regard to construct validity. The homogeneity reliability, in terms of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient > 0.70, at both occasions with a four week gap between, as well as the stability reliability in terms of intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, were also considered satisfactory in the same indexes. Conclusions: This newly developed, and likely the only questionnaire focusing on “grasping the big human picture”, was based on both a philosophical reasoning and empirical recommendations of wellness, is shown to be a valid and reliable measurement in screening or in follow-up of healthy people’s wellness and ethos.展开更多
Aristotle's traditional rhetoric theory is of great value to the study of language. This paper analyses English speeches from the perspective of ethos and sees how speakers apply ethos to reach the purpose of pers...Aristotle's traditional rhetoric theory is of great value to the study of language. This paper analyses English speeches from the perspective of ethos and sees how speakers apply ethos to reach the purpose of persuading.展开更多
This paper is composed of two parts,respectively prepared by Prof.Jerry Ward,Jr.on Oct 6,2021,for an online lecture to the faculty members and graduates of Central China Normal University,and on May 22,2019,as a contr...This paper is composed of two parts,respectively prepared by Prof.Jerry Ward,Jr.on Oct 6,2021,for an online lecture to the faculty members and graduates of Central China Normal University,and on May 22,2019,as a contribution to our journal of Foreign Language and Literature Research.Prof.Ward provides rich insights into the African American literature in the 21st century by exploring continuity and change,and the key features of the ongoing production,especially by referring to five 21st-century writers.Meanwhile Prof.Ward revisits the literary history of USA and casts new light on African American literature from the perspectives of ethos and ethnos.Thus this paper demonstrates some thought-provoking explorations into the major issues the studies of African American literature is confronted in the new century.展开更多
This paper is concerned with Aristotle＇s theory of habituation, focusing on the following three issues： （1） the relation between habit and reason, （2） human nature and habituation, and （3） the roles of family ...This paper is concerned with Aristotle＇s theory of habituation, focusing on the following three issues： （1） the relation between habit and reason, （2） human nature and habituation, and （3） the roles of family and politics in habituation. Aristotle＇s theory of habituation has been a topic of interest recently. Yet so far, most debates about this topic are about the first issue. This paper will bring in the second and the third issues, in order to provide a complete picture of the theory. To be more specific, the paper seeks to better understand the following three claims of Aristotle, corresponding to the three issues mentioned above： （1） ＂We become just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, brave by doing brave acts＂ （NE 1103a34-bl）1. （2） ＂We are adapted by nature to receive virtues, and are made perfect by habit＂ （teleuioumenois de dia tou ethous） （1103a25-26）. （3） ＂One＇s own good cannot exist without household management, nor without a form of government＂ （1142a9-11）.展开更多
在1942年的论文“科学规范结构”中，默顿系统地提出“科学精神气质”（the ethos of science），亦称默顿规范（Mertomian norms）。他是如下界定这一概念的：“科学精神气质是有感情情调的一套约束科学家的价值和规范的综合。这些规...在1942年的论文“科学规范结构”中，默顿系统地提出“科学精神气质”（the ethos of science），亦称默顿规范（Mertomian norms）。他是如下界定这一概念的：“科学精神气质是有感情情调的一套约束科学家的价值和规范的综合。这些规范用命令、禁止、偏爱、赞同的形式来表示，它们借助建制性的价值而获得其合法地位。展开更多
Advertisements are penetrating into our daily life.Rhetorical strategies are always employed for persuasion in advertisements.The article analyzes the advertisements from the rhetorical angle mainly using the theory o...Advertisements are penetrating into our daily life.Rhetorical strategies are always employed for persuasion in advertisements.The article analyzes the advertisements from the rhetorical angle mainly using the theory of "communication triangle".It is very interesting to see how the advertisement applies the appropriate strategies to attain the proper targets.展开更多
文摘目的:比较研究Ethos自适应放射治疗系统的Auto Plan(自动计划)与Fall back Plan(导入计划)在乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗中的剂量学差异,探讨Ethos平台下两种技术在乳腺癌保乳术后放疗中的临床价值。方法:回顾性选择2022年在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗的15例乳腺癌患者资料。基于Ethos计划系统为每例患者分别设计调强放射治疗(IMRT)7、9和12野均分(7F_IMRT、9F_IMRT和12F_IMRT)的自动计划,以及12野的导入计划,对比评价左、右乳自动计划与导入计划靶区剂量分布的适形指数(CI)、均匀性指数(HI)及危及器官(OAR)的剂量学差异。结果:导入计划能够改善靶区剂量分布,15例患者靶区剂量平均HI为0.020±0.005,优于7F_IMRT、9F_IMRT和12F_IMRT的3种自动计划的0.065±0.015、0.024±0.004和0.024±0.0045,差异有统计学意义(t=12.687、3.638、4.885,P<0.05)。在8例左乳腺癌患者中,导入计划OAR患侧肺的平均剂量(D_(mean))、接受5、10、20、30Gy剂量的体积百分比(V_(5Gy)、V_(10Gy)、V_(20Gy)、V_(30Gy))均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=24.31、64.59、18.02、7.32、5.74,P<0.05);导入计划的心脏受量平均D_(mean)、V_(5Gy)、V_(10Gy)、V_(30Gy)分别为(244.83±53.93)cGy、(9.64±2.94)%、(4.28±2.0)%、(0.51±0.5)%,均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=10.17、12.05、4.59、3.95,P<0.05);导入计划健侧肺D_(mean)和V_(5Gy)及健侧乳腺的D_(mean)均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=27.99、6.26、35.89,P<0.05)。在7例右乳腺癌患者中,导入计划OAR患侧肺D_(mean)、V_(5Gy)、V_(10Gy)、V_(20Gy)、V_(30Gy)均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=3.43、3.85、2.32、2.36、3.59,P<0.05)。导入计划心脏Dmax、D_(mean)、V_(5Gy)均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=10、10.22、3.96,P<0.05)。导入计划的健侧肺的D_(mean)及V_(5Gy)及健侧乳腺D_(mean)的均优于3种自动计划,差异有统计学意义(F=20.87、4.17、59.83,P<0.05)。结论:导入计划与7F_IMRT、9F_IMRT及12F_IMRT的Ethos系统自动计划相比,靶区均匀性更好,患侧肺以及心脏的剂量更低,且其他OAR的剂量均在临床限制要求之内。导入计划在乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗中具有更高的临床应用价值。
文摘The population finds more and more difficulties to assess the scope and content of political declaration especially in terms of plausibility and the real intentions of the speakers. This is especially true for the Senegalese public who more and more loses confidence in the political class. The public tends to look at the identity of the political personality and its personal values （morality credibility） to determine what to make of his/her words. On their side, politicians also begin promoting their image through their speeches. At this level, religious ethics seems to be unanimously considered a criterion of good morality among Senegalese politicians. We will try to look through Perelman＇s theory of argumentation, which Amossy redefined, how, in order to reach the audience, politicians adapt their words to the public, and enhance principles cherished by the populations to win the battle of the image and confidence.
文摘The paper explores two aspects in classical Chinese rhetoric： collectivism and collective ethos. It looks closely at some of the key notions, like harmony, face, and cheng-yan （诚言） to show how the spirit of collectivism drives Chinese rhetoric on a path different from its Western counterpart, which is defined as an art of persuasion characteristic of personal endeavors.
文摘This paper examines how Sun Guoting employs interpersonal metadiscourse to realize the credible appeal in his treatise Shu Pu.The findings of the research indicate the credible appeal aided by this metadiscourse helps illuminate the rhetorical success of Shu Pu.Certainty markers as well as attitude markers prevail,which contribute to the ethos of a determined,upright and passionate calligraphy critic,scholar and supervisor.Meanwhile,hedges,commentaries and attributors of interpersonal metadiscourse also carry credible meanings for Sun’s readers,though used less frequently.
文摘When nations are threatened with violence, the choices they make in order to cope with the challenges of war reflect different alternative possible reactions. They may choose to fight their battles fiercely or they may prefer to surrender and, sometimes, the options lay in-between. The question, therefore, is what makes nations fight and, more importantly, what causes them eventually to win or lose a war. In search of an answer to this riddle, this study examines secondary sources about three historical case studies taken from the first half of the twentieth century that deal with the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Soviet Union. It concentrates on the part played by national ethos regarding the manner in which each of them handled their wars in moments of crisis and reveals how national ethos is intertwined with another phenomenon of social psychology that turns it into a crucial factor in the management of international campaigns： enthusiasm for war. A wide historical perspective, however, shows that even though the right kind of national ethos is essential for winning a war, it is far from being enough. Hence national ethos proves, at the end of the day, to be a necessary condition for military victory, but certainly not a sufficient one.
文摘academic ethos construction is a long-term cultural project. In order to solve the current problem in academic ethos, the working concept of ideological and political education should be changed. Regard academic ethos construction as the focus of ideological and political education. Have a further improvement in working mechanism that relate to the academic ethos. Try to improve the working methods. Build a united working team elaborately. In this way, establish a good cultural ecology and let the students grow healthily.
文摘Aim: Validated instruments exist measuring parts of personal health, ill-health and lifestyle, but there are few, if any, instruments “grasping the big picture” of wellness and ethos. Accordingly the aim was to develop and establish the psychometric properties of a 74-item Ethos towards Wellness Questionnaire (EtWeQ) with regards to content and construct validity, as well as homogeneity and stability reliability. Methods: A questionnaire based on a methodological and developmental design was sent out twice with a four week gap between, on 221 healthy middle-aged participants in four steps: item generating, content validating, statistical analyzing and establishing the final questionnaire. Results: The substantial base, consisting of content validity resulted in, besides basic characteristics, six well-defined and sufficient indexes comprising of;two health indexes (healthiness and ill-healthiness), three life context indexes (work, family, spare time), and one brief comprehensive index (ethos). The three life context as well as the ethos indexes at an ordinal scale level, identified overall satisfactory communalities of >0.30, factor loadings > 0.30, and factor total variance > 50% with regard to construct validity. The homogeneity reliability, in terms of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient > 0.70, at both occasions with a four week gap between, as well as the stability reliability in terms of intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, were also considered satisfactory in the same indexes. Conclusions: This newly developed, and likely the only questionnaire focusing on “grasping the big human picture”, was based on both a philosophical reasoning and empirical recommendations of wellness, is shown to be a valid and reliable measurement in screening or in follow-up of healthy people’s wellness and ethos.
文摘Aristotle's traditional rhetoric theory is of great value to the study of language. This paper analyses English speeches from the perspective of ethos and sees how speakers apply ethos to reach the purpose of persuading.
文摘This paper is composed of two parts,respectively prepared by Prof.Jerry Ward,Jr.on Oct 6,2021,for an online lecture to the faculty members and graduates of Central China Normal University,and on May 22,2019,as a contribution to our journal of Foreign Language and Literature Research.Prof.Ward provides rich insights into the African American literature in the 21st century by exploring continuity and change,and the key features of the ongoing production,especially by referring to five 21st-century writers.Meanwhile Prof.Ward revisits the literary history of USA and casts new light on African American literature from the perspectives of ethos and ethnos.Thus this paper demonstrates some thought-provoking explorations into the major issues the studies of African American literature is confronted in the new century.
文摘This paper is concerned with Aristotle＇s theory of habituation, focusing on the following three issues： （1） the relation between habit and reason, （2） human nature and habituation, and （3） the roles of family and politics in habituation. Aristotle＇s theory of habituation has been a topic of interest recently. Yet so far, most debates about this topic are about the first issue. This paper will bring in the second and the third issues, in order to provide a complete picture of the theory. To be more specific, the paper seeks to better understand the following three claims of Aristotle, corresponding to the three issues mentioned above： （1） ＂We become just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, brave by doing brave acts＂ （NE 1103a34-bl）1. （2） ＂We are adapted by nature to receive virtues, and are made perfect by habit＂ （teleuioumenois de dia tou ethous） （1103a25-26）. （3） ＂One＇s own good cannot exist without household management, nor without a form of government＂ （1142a9-11）.
文摘在1942年的论文“科学规范结构”中，默顿系统地提出“科学精神气质”（the ethos of science），亦称默顿规范（Mertomian norms）。他是如下界定这一概念的：“科学精神气质是有感情情调的一套约束科学家的价值和规范的综合。这些规范用命令、禁止、偏爱、赞同的形式来表示，它们借助建制性的价值而获得其合法地位。
文摘Advertisements are penetrating into our daily life.Rhetorical strategies are always employed for persuasion in advertisements.The article analyzes the advertisements from the rhetorical angle mainly using the theory of "communication triangle".It is very interesting to see how the advertisement applies the appropriate strategies to attain the proper targets.
