Erigerontis Herba(EH),the dried whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus,is well-known for circulating blood,activating meridians to alleviate pain,expelling wind,and clearing away cold.It has been extensively utilized in ...Erigerontis Herba(EH),the dried whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus,is well-known for circulating blood,activating meridians to alleviate pain,expelling wind,and clearing away cold.It has been extensively utilized in southern China for the treatment of stroke hemiplegia,chest stuffiness and pains,rheumatic arthralgia,headache,and toothache.This review focuses on the botany,ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,pharmacology and toxicity of EH and its related prescriptions to offer new insights for prospective research of EH.Relevant information about EH was retrieved from ancient records and books,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Pharmacopoeia,Web of Science,Doctoral and Master’s Theses,and various electronic databases.EH is a member of Compositae family and is mainly grown in southern China.Traditional Chinese medicine records that EH has the effects of circulating blood and removing blood stasis,expelling wind,and removing cold,as well as relieving rigidity of muscle and relieving pain.By now,nearly 200 ingredients have been characterized from EH,including flavonoids,caffeoyls,aromatic acids,coumarins,pentacyclic terpenoids,volatile oil and other compounds.EH extracts,EH related prescriptions(Dengzhan Xixin injection,Dengzhan Shengmai capsules,etc.)or compounds(scutellarin,scutellarein,etc.)possessed obvious therapeutic effects of ischemic stroke,cerebral hemorrhage,myocardial infarction,Alzheimer’s disease,diabetes and its complications,gastric cancer,bone,and joint degenerative diseases.Scutellarin,the major active compound of EH,has been used as a quality marker.And no obvious toxicity of EH has been reported.According to its traditional applications,ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and toxicity,EH was applied as a valuable herb for clinical application in food and medicine fields.While several compounds have been shown to possess diverse biological activities,the underlying mechanisms of their actions remain elusive.To fully exploit the medicinal potential of EH,further studies on understanding the effective material basis and mechanisms are warranted.展开更多
Rhodiola crenulata(Hook.F.et Thoms.)H.Ohba(Hongjingtian,RC)thrives mainly in high-altitude regions including but not limited to the Himalayan region,Xizang areas in China,northwest Yunnan,and Western Sichuan.(1.2)The ...Rhodiola crenulata(Hook.F.et Thoms.)H.Ohba(Hongjingtian,RC)thrives mainly in high-altitude regions including but not limited to the Himalayan region,Xizang areas in China,northwest Yunnan,and Western Sichuan.(1.2)The dried root and rhizome of RC have a long history of medicinal use,primarily valued for its adaptogenic effects and significant potential for further development.展开更多
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) faces a persistent “black box”problem arising from multicomponent, multi-target, and nonlinear synergistic mechanisms that challenge reductionist biomedical paradigms. This review ...Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) faces a persistent “black box”problem arising from multicomponent, multi-target, and nonlinear synergistic mechanisms that challenge reductionist biomedical paradigms. This review synthesizes major breakthroughs (2024 2025) and argues that computational ethnopharmacology represents a paradigm shift beyond classical network pharmacology.We propose a four-layer architecture—data, semantic, topological, and structural layers—integrating evidence-oriented databases (e.g., HERB 2.0), GraphRAG-enabled LLM mining of classicaltexts, hypergraph/heterogeneous GNN modeling of formula compatibility, and AlphaFold 3 drivenstructural inference coupled with inverse docking and molecular dynamics. Focusing on clinicallyactionable herb drug interaction prediction, we further outline validation and reporting checkliststo improve reproducibility and safety translation, and highlight dry wet closed-loop directions forfuture research.展开更多
Radix Astragali(RA),a traditional Chinese medicine from the dried root of Astragalus species,is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world.The major bioactive constituents of RA are triterpene gl...Radix Astragali(RA),a traditional Chinese medicine from the dried root of Astragalus species,is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world.The major bioactive constituents of RA are triterpene glycosides,flavonoids,saponins,and alkaloids,and these compounds mostly exert pharmacological activities on the cardiovascular,immune,respiratory,and hepatic systems.This review summarizes the recent studies on RA and provides a comprehensive summary regarding the status of resources,ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,pharmacology,toxicology,clinical application,and patent release of RA.We hope this review can provide a guidance for further development of therapeutic agents from RA.展开更多
Epimedii Folium, a famous Chinese materia medica, is botanically originated from Epimedium L. species. Here Epimedium L. species were reviewed in phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, ADME （absorption, distribution, met...Epimedii Folium, a famous Chinese materia medica, is botanically originated from Epimedium L. species. Here Epimedium L. species were reviewed in phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, ADME （absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion）, and processing. They have been proven to possess the efficacy on anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, and treating sexual dysfunction in traditional Chinese medicines. More than 270 compounds have been isolated from the plants of Epimedium L., some of which could be metabolized into a series of metabolites after oral absorption by the active enzymes and intestinal microflora leading to various bioactivities. Polyglucosides （epimendins A-C） and the coresponding oligoglycosides （icariin and baohuoside I） play important roles in clinical application.展开更多
The genus Ilex L. has been used as remedies in traditional Chinese medicine in Aquifoliaceae and beverages for thousands of years due to abundant pharmaceutical bioactivities. There are 600 species in genus IlexL. con...The genus Ilex L. has been used as remedies in traditional Chinese medicine in Aquifoliaceae and beverages for thousands of years due to abundant pharmaceutical bioactivities. There are 600 species in genus IlexL. containing various compounds such as terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, etc. Three species, L cornuta, I. chinensis, and L rotunda have been admitted in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 to treat dyspepsia, stomatitis, and hyperactivity cough and protect the liver and kidney. Recent studies showed that several species have been daily drunk to promote human health and prevent cardiovascular diseases in the folk. Here we reviewed the genus Ilex L. in phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology.展开更多
Cymbopogon citratus in the gramineous family,also known as lemongrass(LG),is a perennial herb.LG,a drug and food homologous medicine,has a widely recorded medicinal value and food applications.To date,158 LG compounds...Cymbopogon citratus in the gramineous family,also known as lemongrass(LG),is a perennial herb.LG,a drug and food homologous medicine,has a widely recorded medicinal value and food applications.To date,158 LG compounds have been reported,including terpenoids,flavonoids,phenolic acids.Pharmacological and clinical studies have indicated that LG has antibacterial,neuroprotective,hypoglycemic,hypotensive,anti-inflammatory,and anti-tumor effects.This article reviews LG in ethnopharmacology,chemical composition,pharmacology,food,medicine,and daily chemical applications to provide a basis for the subsequent development of food and medicine.展开更多
Ethnopharmacology, the study of ethnic use of drugs, opens up the crucial gateway to understanding and promoting traditional medicine in the new age. Taiwan is a unique region where traditional medicine and herbal the...Ethnopharmacology, the study of ethnic use of drugs, opens up the crucial gateway to understanding and promoting traditional medicine in the new age. Taiwan is a unique region where traditional medicine and herbal therapeutics have been benefiting its people of multiple races for centuries. This article overviews Taiwan＇s indigenous traditional medicine and the emerging status of ethnopharmacology study, and outlines the globa~ scenario of the inheritance and development of traditional medicine. In such a scope of knowledge protection, this article particularly highlights the challenges with bioprospecting and biopiracy, and summarizes the current measures for protection of traditional knowledge in Taiwan. Finally, based upon these analyses, we propose rational strategies for promoting Taiwan＇s ethnopharmacology, from multiple angles of resource, economy, policy and law. We conclude that four measures, namely （1） protecting the natural environment of biodiversity, （2） avoiding unnecessary conflicts caused by bioprospecting and biopiracy, （3） strengthening the international collaboration, and （4） upgrading the legal system of traditional intelligence, would be the right paths for Taiwan to protect its invaluable heritage of traditional medicine and the knowledge of ethnoDharmacoloov therein.展开更多
Podophyllum hexandrum is a perennial herb and a valuable medicinal plant.Its common name is mayapple and is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalayan area of Pakistan.It has been used through the...Podophyllum hexandrum is a perennial herb and a valuable medicinal plant.Its common name is mayapple and is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalayan area of Pakistan.It has been used through the ages and in modern time as an intestinal purgative,inhibitor of tumor growth and salve for necrotic and infected wounds.Many important secondary metabolites have been reported to be extracted from the plant among which the most important one is podophyllotoxin as it possesses antitumor property which is used for the treatment of testicular cancer as well as lung cancer.The plant is very badly overexploited which causes decline in the frequency of this species in the past few years.It needs immediate attention for conservation by improving propagation techniques.This article reviews briefly the medicinal,phytochemical,pharmacological and conservation-related aspects of the plant.展开更多
The ISE’s first congress took place about 20 years ago (Strasbourg 1990).This year the Journal of Ethnopharmacology,the official journal of the International Society
According to the last World Malaria Report,there were 584000 deaths from the recorded 198 million malaria cases worldwide in 2013.The disease caused an estimated 437 000African children to die before their fifth birth...According to the last World Malaria Report,there were 584000 deaths from the recorded 198 million malaria cases worldwide in 2013.The disease caused an estimated 437 000African children to die before their fifth birthday,still in2013.Malaria is caused by a parasite,Plasmodium sp.and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.The problem of parasite resistance towards common available展开更多
The plant species Gallesia integrifolia,known in Brazil as Pau D’alho or Guararema,has great relevance in ethnopharmacology and is popularly used in the treatment of various health conditions,such as flu,cough,worms,...The plant species Gallesia integrifolia,known in Brazil as Pau D’alho or Guararema,has great relevance in ethnopharmacology and is popularly used in the treatment of various health conditions,such as flu,cough,worms,ulcers and bacterial infections.Furthermore,several studies confirm its effectiveness in combating microorganisms of great clinical and economic importance,such as Aspergillus sp.,Penicillium sp.,Trichoderma viride and Candida albicans.However,there is still a lack of comprehensive phytochemical studies on this plant,which limits the understanding of its mechanisms of action and pharmacological potential.Therefore,this review was conducted through a narrative synthesis of the literature,gathering and analyzing available studies on the chemical composition and biological effects of G.integrifolia.The main findings indicate that the plant has antimicrobial activity and significant therapeutic potential,being effective against several pathogens of medical and economic relevance.Furthermore,the reviewed literature suggests that its bioactive compounds may have promising applications in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.The relevance of this study lies in expanding knowledge about the properties of G.integrifolia,highlighting its possible therapeutic applications and the need for further research to elucidate its mechanisms of action.The results reinforce the importance of more detailed phytochemical investigations to validate and expand the medicinal use of this species.展开更多
Ephedra herb is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history. Conventionally, it was used as a folk phytomedicine in many ancient medical books and traditional prescriptions. Up to date, a variety of specific in...Ephedra herb is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history. Conventionally, it was used as a folk phytomedicine in many ancient medical books and traditional prescriptions. Up to date, a variety of specific ingredients have been found in Ephedra herb, mainly including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, organic acids, volatile oils, and many other active compounds. These components from Ephedra herb account for its use as the accurate treatment of cold, cough, cardiovascular and immune system disease, cancer, microbial infection, and other diseases. Moreover, with the fast development of novel chemistry and medicine technology, new chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Ephedra herb are increasingly identified, demonstrating their great potential for various diseases treatment. Therefore, further detailed understanding and investigation of this ancient herb will offer new opportunities to develop novel therapeutics. This study systematically reviews its progress of phytochemistry, traditional and modern pharmacology based on research data that have been reported, aiming at providing useful insight for commercial exploitation, further study and precision medication of Ephedra herb in future.展开更多
This paper reports a pharmacophylogenetic study of a medicinal plant family,Ranunculaceae,investigating the correlations between their phylogeny,chemical constituents,and pharmaceutical properties.Phytochemical,ethnop...This paper reports a pharmacophylogenetic study of a medicinal plant family,Ranunculaceae,investigating the correlations between their phylogeny,chemical constituents,and pharmaceutical properties.Phytochemical,ethnopharmacological,and pharmacological data were integrated in the context of the systematics and molecular phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae.The chemical components of this family included several representative metabolic groups:benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,ranunculin,triterpenoid saponin,and diterpene alkaloids,among others.Ranunculin and magnoflorine were found to coexist in some genera.The pharmacophylogenetic analysis,integrated with therapeutic information,agreed with the taxonomy proposed previously,in which the family Ranunculaceae was divided into five sub-families:Ranunculoideae,Thalictroideae,Coptidoideae,Hydrastidoideae,and Glaucidioideae.It was plausible to organize the sub-family Ranunculoideae into ten tribes.The chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of each taxonomic group were reviewed,revealing the underlying connections between phylogeny,chemical diversity,and clinical use,which should facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of the pharmaceutical resources derived from the Ranunculaceae.展开更多
India has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities.Datura stramonium(D.stramonium is one of the widely well known folklore medicinal herbs.The tro...India has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities.Datura stramonium(D.stramonium is one of the widely well known folklore medicinal herbs.The troublesome weed,D.stramonium is a plant with both poisonous and medicinal preperties and has been proven to have great pharmacological potential with a great utility real usage in folklore medicine.D.stromonium has been scientifically proven to contain alkaloids,tannins,carbohydrates and proteins.This plant has contributed various pharmacological actions in the scientific field of Indian systems of medicines like analgesic and antiasthmatic activities.The present paper presents an exclusive review work on the ethnomedical,phytochemical,pharmacological activities of this plant.展开更多
Black seed(Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant from Ranunculaceae family, native to southwest Asia. This plant has many food and medicinal uses. The use of its seeds and oil is common for treatment of many di...Black seed(Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant from Ranunculaceae family, native to southwest Asia. This plant has many food and medicinal uses. The use of its seeds and oil is common for treatment of many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and digestive diseases. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review on the scientific reports that have been published about N. sativa. The facts and statistics presented in this review article were gathered from the journals accessible in creditable databases such as Science Direct, Medline, Pub Med, Scopus, EBSCO, EMBASE, SID and Iran Medex. The keywords searched in Persian and English books on medicinal plants and traditional medicine, as well as the above reputable databases were "Black seed", "Nigella sativa", "therapeutic effect", and "medicinal plant". The results showed that N. sativa has many biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and wound healing activities. It also has effects on reproductive, digestive, immune and central nervous systems, such as anticonvulsant and analgesic activities. In summary, it can be used as a valuable plant for production of new drugs for treatment of many diseases.展开更多
Sepsis-induced uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)is a critical cause of multiple organ failure.Acute kidney injury(AKI)is one of the most serious complications associated with an extremely high...Sepsis-induced uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)is a critical cause of multiple organ failure.Acute kidney injury(AKI)is one of the most serious complications associated with an extremely high mortality rate in SIRS,and it lacked simple,safe,and effective treatment strategies.Leontopodium leontopodioides(Willd.)Beauv(LLB)is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic nephritis.However,it remains unclear whether lipopolysaccharide(LPS)affects LPS-induced AKI.To identify the molecular mechanisms of LLB in LPS-induced HK-2 cells and mice,LLB was prepared by extraction with 70%methanol,while a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced HK-2 cell model and an AKI model were established in this study.Renal histopathology staining was performed to observe the morphology changes.The cell supernatant and kidney tissues were collected for determining the levels of inflammatory factors and protein expression by ELISA,immunofluorescence,and Western blot.The results indicated that LLB significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αin LPS-induced HK-2 cells,as well as the secretion of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1βin the supernatant.The same results were observed in LPS-induced AKI serum.Further studies revealed that LLB remarkably improved oxidative stress and apoptosis based on the content of MDA,SOD,and CAT in serum and TUNEL staining results.Notably,LLB significantly reduced the mortality due to LPS infection.Renal histopathology staining results supported these results.Furthermore,immunofluorescence and Western blot results confirmed that LLB significantly reduced the expression of the protein related to the NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 which were significantly increased through LPS stimulation.These findings clearly demonstrated the potential use of LLB in the treatment of AKI and the crucial role of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the process through which LLB attenuates AKI induced by LPS.展开更多
Over the past 30 years,the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies.Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae,comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the...Over the past 30 years,the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies.Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae,comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa,Australia,and parts of Asia,e.g.,China,India and Japan.Many of them are economically signifcant species.Previous phytochemical investigations on Solanum species led to the identifcation of steroidal saponins,steroidal alkaloids,terpenes,favonoids,lignans,sterols,phenolic comopunds,coumarins,amongst other compounds.Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to diferent tumors as breast cancer(4T1 and EMT),colorectal cancer(HCT116,HT29,and SW480),and prostate cancer(DU145)cell lines.The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins,steroidal alkaloids and phenols.This review features 65 phytochemically studied species of Solanum between 1990 and 2018,fetched from SciFinder,Pubmed,ScienceDirect,Wikipedia and Baidu,using“Solanum”and the species’names as search terms(“all felds”).展开更多
Drimia genus includes plants that used from ancient time for various ailments such as dropsy, respiratory ailment, bone and joint complications,skin disorders, epilepsy and cancer. Toxic properties of some Drimia spec...Drimia genus includes plants that used from ancient time for various ailments such as dropsy, respiratory ailment, bone and joint complications,skin disorders, epilepsy and cancer. Toxic properties of some Drimia species also were noted by ancient scientists and these plants have been traditionally used for rat control. Bufadienolides have been identified as the main constituents in the genus of Drimia. Phenolics, sterols, protein and some of other phytochemicals have been also isolated from these plants. Pharmacological and clinical studies have strongly approved their effect on cardiovascular system. Extracts and compounds isolated from Drimia species showed biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal effects throughseveral in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, cytotoxic and antitumor activities which may be related to bufadienolide content of these plants have been considered by many researchers. Traditional therapeutic values of these plants for treating respiratory and rheumatic ailments as well as skin disorders are needed to be validated through more researches. Toxic effects of these plants and isolated compounds have been investigated through several in vivo studies. Drimia plants and their isolated compounds have narrow therapeutic index, so patients should be prohibited from applying these plants without medical supervision and should be informed about the main intoxication symptoms before starting treatment. Moreover, interaction of Drimia plants with other constituents of traditional herbal mixtures as well as chemical and biological modalities for reducing toxicity of bufadienolide compounds can be subjected for future studies.展开更多
基金funded by the State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources(Guangxi Normal University)(CMEMR2022-B11)the Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher education Institution of China(22KJB360018)Jiangsu Province University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurial Training Program(202311117019Z).
文摘Erigerontis Herba(EH),the dried whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus,is well-known for circulating blood,activating meridians to alleviate pain,expelling wind,and clearing away cold.It has been extensively utilized in southern China for the treatment of stroke hemiplegia,chest stuffiness and pains,rheumatic arthralgia,headache,and toothache.This review focuses on the botany,ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,pharmacology and toxicity of EH and its related prescriptions to offer new insights for prospective research of EH.Relevant information about EH was retrieved from ancient records and books,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Pharmacopoeia,Web of Science,Doctoral and Master’s Theses,and various electronic databases.EH is a member of Compositae family and is mainly grown in southern China.Traditional Chinese medicine records that EH has the effects of circulating blood and removing blood stasis,expelling wind,and removing cold,as well as relieving rigidity of muscle and relieving pain.By now,nearly 200 ingredients have been characterized from EH,including flavonoids,caffeoyls,aromatic acids,coumarins,pentacyclic terpenoids,volatile oil and other compounds.EH extracts,EH related prescriptions(Dengzhan Xixin injection,Dengzhan Shengmai capsules,etc.)or compounds(scutellarin,scutellarein,etc.)possessed obvious therapeutic effects of ischemic stroke,cerebral hemorrhage,myocardial infarction,Alzheimer’s disease,diabetes and its complications,gastric cancer,bone,and joint degenerative diseases.Scutellarin,the major active compound of EH,has been used as a quality marker.And no obvious toxicity of EH has been reported.According to its traditional applications,ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and toxicity,EH was applied as a valuable herb for clinical application in food and medicine fields.While several compounds have been shown to possess diverse biological activities,the underlying mechanisms of their actions remain elusive.To fully exploit the medicinal potential of EH,further studies on understanding the effective material basis and mechanisms are warranted.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204614 and No.82304755)Pioneer′and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03004 and No.2025C01110)。
文摘Rhodiola crenulata(Hook.F.et Thoms.)H.Ohba(Hongjingtian,RC)thrives mainly in high-altitude regions including but not limited to the Himalayan region,Xizang areas in China,northwest Yunnan,and Western Sichuan.(1.2)The dried root and rhizome of RC have a long history of medicinal use,primarily valued for its adaptogenic effects and significant potential for further development.
文摘Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) faces a persistent “black box”problem arising from multicomponent, multi-target, and nonlinear synergistic mechanisms that challenge reductionist biomedical paradigms. This review synthesizes major breakthroughs (2024 2025) and argues that computational ethnopharmacology represents a paradigm shift beyond classical network pharmacology.We propose a four-layer architecture—data, semantic, topological, and structural layers—integrating evidence-oriented databases (e.g., HERB 2.0), GraphRAG-enabled LLM mining of classicaltexts, hypergraph/heterogeneous GNN modeling of formula compatibility, and AlphaFold 3 drivenstructural inference coupled with inverse docking and molecular dynamics. Focusing on clinicallyactionable herb drug interaction prediction, we further outline validation and reporting checkliststo improve reproducibility and safety translation, and highlight dry wet closed-loop directions forfuture research.
基金the Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.KCBJ2018040)National Nonprofit Industry Research(No.201507002)+7 种基金the Fourth National Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Survey Project(No.[2018]43)Science and Technology Planning Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(No.201701040)Standardization Project of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2018-008)Baotou Science and Technology Project(No.CX-2016-17)Scientific Research Foundation Project of Baotou Medical College(No.BYJJ-DF 2017-01)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.201710127010)Science and Technology Planning Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.201503020)China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-21)。
文摘Radix Astragali(RA),a traditional Chinese medicine from the dried root of Astragalus species,is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world.The major bioactive constituents of RA are triterpene glycosides,flavonoids,saponins,and alkaloids,and these compounds mostly exert pharmacological activities on the cardiovascular,immune,respiratory,and hepatic systems.This review summarizes the recent studies on RA and provides a comprehensive summary regarding the status of resources,ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,pharmacology,toxicology,clinical application,and patent release of RA.We hope this review can provide a guidance for further development of therapeutic agents from RA.
文摘Epimedii Folium, a famous Chinese materia medica, is botanically originated from Epimedium L. species. Here Epimedium L. species were reviewed in phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, ADME （absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion）, and processing. They have been proven to possess the efficacy on anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, and treating sexual dysfunction in traditional Chinese medicines. More than 270 compounds have been isolated from the plants of Epimedium L., some of which could be metabolized into a series of metabolites after oral absorption by the active enzymes and intestinal microflora leading to various bioactivities. Polyglucosides （epimendins A-C） and the coresponding oligoglycosides （icariin and baohuoside I） play important roles in clinical application.
文摘The genus Ilex L. has been used as remedies in traditional Chinese medicine in Aquifoliaceae and beverages for thousands of years due to abundant pharmaceutical bioactivities. There are 600 species in genus IlexL. containing various compounds such as terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, etc. Three species, L cornuta, I. chinensis, and L rotunda have been admitted in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 to treat dyspepsia, stomatitis, and hyperactivity cough and protect the liver and kidney. Recent studies showed that several species have been daily drunk to promote human health and prevent cardiovascular diseases in the folk. Here we reviewed the genus Ilex L. in phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3501805)for financial support.
文摘Cymbopogon citratus in the gramineous family,also known as lemongrass(LG),is a perennial herb.LG,a drug and food homologous medicine,has a widely recorded medicinal value and food applications.To date,158 LG compounds have been reported,including terpenoids,flavonoids,phenolic acids.Pharmacological and clinical studies have indicated that LG has antibacterial,neuroprotective,hypoglycemic,hypotensive,anti-inflammatory,and anti-tumor effects.This article reviews LG in ethnopharmacology,chemical composition,pharmacology,food,medicine,and daily chemical applications to provide a basis for the subsequent development of food and medicine.
基金Supported by the Research Fund of the University of Macao[MYRG 208(Y2-L4)-ICMS11-WYT and UL016/09-Y4/CMS/WYT01/ICMS]
文摘Ethnopharmacology, the study of ethnic use of drugs, opens up the crucial gateway to understanding and promoting traditional medicine in the new age. Taiwan is a unique region where traditional medicine and herbal therapeutics have been benefiting its people of multiple races for centuries. This article overviews Taiwan＇s indigenous traditional medicine and the emerging status of ethnopharmacology study, and outlines the globa~ scenario of the inheritance and development of traditional medicine. In such a scope of knowledge protection, this article particularly highlights the challenges with bioprospecting and biopiracy, and summarizes the current measures for protection of traditional knowledge in Taiwan. Finally, based upon these analyses, we propose rational strategies for promoting Taiwan＇s ethnopharmacology, from multiple angles of resource, economy, policy and law. We conclude that four measures, namely （1） protecting the natural environment of biodiversity, （2） avoiding unnecessary conflicts caused by bioprospecting and biopiracy, （3） strengthening the international collaboration, and （4） upgrading the legal system of traditional intelligence, would be the right paths for Taiwan to protect its invaluable heritage of traditional medicine and the knowledge of ethnoDharmacoloov therein.
文摘Podophyllum hexandrum is a perennial herb and a valuable medicinal plant.Its common name is mayapple and is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalayan area of Pakistan.It has been used through the ages and in modern time as an intestinal purgative,inhibitor of tumor growth and salve for necrotic and infected wounds.Many important secondary metabolites have been reported to be extracted from the plant among which the most important one is podophyllotoxin as it possesses antitumor property which is used for the treatment of testicular cancer as well as lung cancer.The plant is very badly overexploited which causes decline in the frequency of this species in the past few years.It needs immediate attention for conservation by improving propagation techniques.This article reviews briefly the medicinal,phytochemical,pharmacological and conservation-related aspects of the plant.
文摘The ISE’s first congress took place about 20 years ago (Strasbourg 1990).This year the Journal of Ethnopharmacology,the official journal of the International Society
文摘According to the last World Malaria Report,there were 584000 deaths from the recorded 198 million malaria cases worldwide in 2013.The disease caused an estimated 437 000African children to die before their fifth birthday,still in2013.Malaria is caused by a parasite,Plasmodium sp.and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.The problem of parasite resistance towards common available
文摘The plant species Gallesia integrifolia,known in Brazil as Pau D’alho or Guararema,has great relevance in ethnopharmacology and is popularly used in the treatment of various health conditions,such as flu,cough,worms,ulcers and bacterial infections.Furthermore,several studies confirm its effectiveness in combating microorganisms of great clinical and economic importance,such as Aspergillus sp.,Penicillium sp.,Trichoderma viride and Candida albicans.However,there is still a lack of comprehensive phytochemical studies on this plant,which limits the understanding of its mechanisms of action and pharmacological potential.Therefore,this review was conducted through a narrative synthesis of the literature,gathering and analyzing available studies on the chemical composition and biological effects of G.integrifolia.The main findings indicate that the plant has antimicrobial activity and significant therapeutic potential,being effective against several pathogens of medical and economic relevance.Furthermore,the reviewed literature suggests that its bioactive compounds may have promising applications in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.The relevance of this study lies in expanding knowledge about the properties of G.integrifolia,highlighting its possible therapeutic applications and the need for further research to elucidate its mechanisms of action.The results reinforce the importance of more detailed phytochemical investigations to validate and expand the medicinal use of this species.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31670328,31270383)。
文摘Ephedra herb is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history. Conventionally, it was used as a folk phytomedicine in many ancient medical books and traditional prescriptions. Up to date, a variety of specific ingredients have been found in Ephedra herb, mainly including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, organic acids, volatile oils, and many other active compounds. These components from Ephedra herb account for its use as the accurate treatment of cold, cough, cardiovascular and immune system disease, cancer, microbial infection, and other diseases. Moreover, with the fast development of novel chemistry and medicine technology, new chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Ephedra herb are increasingly identified, demonstrating their great potential for various diseases treatment. Therefore, further detailed understanding and investigation of this ancient herb will offer new opportunities to develop novel therapeutics. This study systematically reviews its progress of phytochemistry, traditional and modern pharmacology based on research data that have been reported, aiming at providing useful insight for commercial exploitation, further study and precision medication of Ephedra herb in future.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(No.201208210122)
文摘This paper reports a pharmacophylogenetic study of a medicinal plant family,Ranunculaceae,investigating the correlations between their phylogeny,chemical constituents,and pharmaceutical properties.Phytochemical,ethnopharmacological,and pharmacological data were integrated in the context of the systematics and molecular phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae.The chemical components of this family included several representative metabolic groups:benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,ranunculin,triterpenoid saponin,and diterpene alkaloids,among others.Ranunculin and magnoflorine were found to coexist in some genera.The pharmacophylogenetic analysis,integrated with therapeutic information,agreed with the taxonomy proposed previously,in which the family Ranunculaceae was divided into five sub-families:Ranunculoideae,Thalictroideae,Coptidoideae,Hydrastidoideae,and Glaucidioideae.It was plausible to organize the sub-family Ranunculoideae into ten tribes.The chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of each taxonomic group were reviewed,revealing the underlying connections between phylogeny,chemical diversity,and clinical use,which should facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of the pharmaceutical resources derived from the Ranunculaceae.
文摘India has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities.Datura stramonium(D.stramonium is one of the widely well known folklore medicinal herbs.The troublesome weed,D.stramonium is a plant with both poisonous and medicinal preperties and has been proven to have great pharmacological potential with a great utility real usage in folklore medicine.D.stromonium has been scientifically proven to contain alkaloids,tannins,carbohydrates and proteins.This plant has contributed various pharmacological actions in the scientific field of Indian systems of medicines like analgesic and antiasthmatic activities.The present paper presents an exclusive review work on the ethnomedical,phytochemical,pharmacological activities of this plant.
文摘Black seed(Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant from Ranunculaceae family, native to southwest Asia. This plant has many food and medicinal uses. The use of its seeds and oil is common for treatment of many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory diseases, diabetes and digestive diseases. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review on the scientific reports that have been published about N. sativa. The facts and statistics presented in this review article were gathered from the journals accessible in creditable databases such as Science Direct, Medline, Pub Med, Scopus, EBSCO, EMBASE, SID and Iran Medex. The keywords searched in Persian and English books on medicinal plants and traditional medicine, as well as the above reputable databases were "Black seed", "Nigella sativa", "therapeutic effect", and "medicinal plant". The results showed that N. sativa has many biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and wound healing activities. It also has effects on reproductive, digestive, immune and central nervous systems, such as anticonvulsant and analgesic activities. In summary, it can be used as a valuable plant for production of new drugs for treatment of many diseases.
基金This work was supported by the Doctoral Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia Minzu University(No.BS619)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC17123).
文摘Sepsis-induced uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)is a critical cause of multiple organ failure.Acute kidney injury(AKI)is one of the most serious complications associated with an extremely high mortality rate in SIRS,and it lacked simple,safe,and effective treatment strategies.Leontopodium leontopodioides(Willd.)Beauv(LLB)is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic nephritis.However,it remains unclear whether lipopolysaccharide(LPS)affects LPS-induced AKI.To identify the molecular mechanisms of LLB in LPS-induced HK-2 cells and mice,LLB was prepared by extraction with 70%methanol,while a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced HK-2 cell model and an AKI model were established in this study.Renal histopathology staining was performed to observe the morphology changes.The cell supernatant and kidney tissues were collected for determining the levels of inflammatory factors and protein expression by ELISA,immunofluorescence,and Western blot.The results indicated that LLB significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αin LPS-induced HK-2 cells,as well as the secretion of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1βin the supernatant.The same results were observed in LPS-induced AKI serum.Further studies revealed that LLB remarkably improved oxidative stress and apoptosis based on the content of MDA,SOD,and CAT in serum and TUNEL staining results.Notably,LLB significantly reduced the mortality due to LPS infection.Renal histopathology staining results supported these results.Furthermore,immunofluorescence and Western blot results confirmed that LLB significantly reduced the expression of the protein related to the NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 which were significantly increased through LPS stimulation.These findings clearly demonstrated the potential use of LLB in the treatment of AKI and the crucial role of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the process through which LLB attenuates AKI induced by LPS.
文摘Over the past 30 years,the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies.Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae,comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa,Australia,and parts of Asia,e.g.,China,India and Japan.Many of them are economically signifcant species.Previous phytochemical investigations on Solanum species led to the identifcation of steroidal saponins,steroidal alkaloids,terpenes,favonoids,lignans,sterols,phenolic comopunds,coumarins,amongst other compounds.Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to diferent tumors as breast cancer(4T1 and EMT),colorectal cancer(HCT116,HT29,and SW480),and prostate cancer(DU145)cell lines.The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins,steroidal alkaloids and phenols.This review features 65 phytochemically studied species of Solanum between 1990 and 2018,fetched from SciFinder,Pubmed,ScienceDirect,Wikipedia and Baidu,using“Solanum”and the species’names as search terms(“all felds”).
文摘Drimia genus includes plants that used from ancient time for various ailments such as dropsy, respiratory ailment, bone and joint complications,skin disorders, epilepsy and cancer. Toxic properties of some Drimia species also were noted by ancient scientists and these plants have been traditionally used for rat control. Bufadienolides have been identified as the main constituents in the genus of Drimia. Phenolics, sterols, protein and some of other phytochemicals have been also isolated from these plants. Pharmacological and clinical studies have strongly approved their effect on cardiovascular system. Extracts and compounds isolated from Drimia species showed biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal effects throughseveral in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, cytotoxic and antitumor activities which may be related to bufadienolide content of these plants have been considered by many researchers. Traditional therapeutic values of these plants for treating respiratory and rheumatic ailments as well as skin disorders are needed to be validated through more researches. Toxic effects of these plants and isolated compounds have been investigated through several in vivo studies. Drimia plants and their isolated compounds have narrow therapeutic index, so patients should be prohibited from applying these plants without medical supervision and should be informed about the main intoxication symptoms before starting treatment. Moreover, interaction of Drimia plants with other constituents of traditional herbal mixtures as well as chemical and biological modalities for reducing toxicity of bufadienolide compounds can be subjected for future studies.
