With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,China has entered the era of artificial intelligence.It not only promotes social development and progress but also faces a series of ethical risks.In re...With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,China has entered the era of artificial intelligence.It not only promotes social development and progress but also faces a series of ethical risks.In response,this article starts from ethical risks,first expounds on the ethical turn in the development of artificial intelligence technology,then clarifies the core challenges of scientific and technological ethics governance in the era of artificial intelligence,and finally,proposes a theoretical framework and practical path for scientific and technological ethics governance,hoping to provide some reference for relevant personnel to better cope with scientific and technological ethics risks in the era of artificial intelligence.展开更多
It’s a great honor for me to talk about ethics applied to artificial intelligence here.Most of the problems that we are facing today come from a strong misunderstanding of what ethics means.We tend to think ethics ar...It’s a great honor for me to talk about ethics applied to artificial intelligence here.Most of the problems that we are facing today come from a strong misunderstanding of what ethics means.We tend to think ethics are merely about establishing principles that would help us mitigate risks and secure benefits expected from AI systems.We are on the wrong path.Ethics are much more complex than that.Ethics are about philosophy,not about politics.Ethics are more about asking questions to enlighten decision-making processes,then to provide one-size-fit-all solutions.We are doing what I call cosmetics,which is a makeup using ethics-related vocabulary,notions and concepts to communicate and influence users and consumers,and to send messages to the market.展开更多
Based on the Many Worlds Interpretation,I describe reality as a multilayer spacetime,where parallel layers play the role of alternative timelines.I link physics to ethics,arguing that one’s moral choices shape one’s...Based on the Many Worlds Interpretation,I describe reality as a multilayer spacetime,where parallel layers play the role of alternative timelines.I link physics to ethics,arguing that one’s moral choices shape one’s course in the multiverse.I consider one’s ethical decisions as decoherence events,leading to movement between alternative timelines,lighter(higher)or heavier(lower)realities.Sometimes in one’s curvilinear path in spacetime,one can even experience falling toward lower layers,slipping through wormholes.This theory supports free will and the simulation hypothesis.With this background,I explore the idea that a new theory of gravity might open new possibilities to shape matter and change our worldview through the invention of new technology,transforming information into waves and then into solid matter,paving the way for a new Multiverse Aeon for humanity.展开更多
Background:Jay Haley’s contributions to bioethics introduced a systemic and interventionist perspective on clinical responsibility,autonomy,and ethical governance.His directive therapeutic methods redefined clinical ...Background:Jay Haley’s contributions to bioethics introduced a systemic and interventionist perspective on clinical responsibility,autonomy,and ethical governance.His directive therapeutic methods redefined clinical practice as a domain of ethical action,emphasizing relational accountability and structured decision-making at the core of medical and psychotherapeutic ethics.Haley challenged dominant models of patient autonomy and informed consent by highlighting the clinician’s active role in guiding ethical outcomes within complex relational systems.He positioned therapeutic influence within broader debates on medical authority and ethical boundaries.By integrating medical hypnosis and family systems therapy,Haley’s work bridges clinical practice and bioethical principles,reshaping the ethics principles of psychotherapy.Methods:This medical history study employs a historiographical approach,analyzing over one hundred primary and secondary sources including Haley’s published works,archival audiovisual materials,and contemporaneous policy documents.Systematic source classification,triangulation with independent evaluations,and explicit disclosure of author positionality ensure methodological rigor.Interpretive source analysis and intellectual history frameworks enable a thorough reconstruction of Haley’s bioethical contributions within broader historical and philosophical contexts,with particular attention to the philosophical assumptions underlying his strategic interventions.Results:New findings identifies six interrelated domains in Haley’s ethical approach that emphasize core bioethical principles:autonomy,beneficence,nonmaleficence,justice,and accountability.Haley’s methods demonstrate brief,goal-directed,and ethically accountable interventions aligned with principlism,virtue ethics,and communitarian ethics.Key findings include critiques of psychoanalytic neutrality,the use of metaphor and hypnosis to support informed client engagement without coercion,and integration of systemic factors into ethical decision-making.These insights extend knowledge by showing how Haley’s work advanced ethical standards influencing contemporary clinical governance frameworks such as the AAMFT Code of Ethics.Conclusion:By cataloguing Haley’s corpus and mapping his bioethical emphases across domains,this study extends existing knowledge,positioning Haley as a foundational bioethical theorist in systemic therapy.His work reframes therapy as a relational and ethically governed intervention,offering enduring insights for clinical governance,professional ethics,and therapeutic practice.These findings enrich the historiography of medical ethics by positioning Haley as a foundational bioethical theorist whose work continues to inform therapeutic practice and ethical deliberation.展开更多
Purpose:To gain insights into the levels of training and support in research integrity and publishing ethics,levels of experience in publishing in scholarly journals and use of third-party manuscript preparation/editi...Purpose:To gain insights into the levels of training and support in research integrity and publishing ethics,levels of experience in publishing in scholarly journals and use of third-party manuscript preparation/editing services(which can include paper mills),and also to assess levels of awareness regarding different types of publishing ethics misconduct,we surveyed members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Journal Ranking WeChat channel.Design/methodology/approach:The online survey collected voluntary anonymous responses from members of the CAS Journal Ranking WeChat channel,one of largest channels of Chinese researchers at all career stages within STM and social sciences.The respondents of the survey fell into one of the following categories:Undergraduate student,Master’s student,PhD candidate,Researcher,Research manager,Researcher with research management responsibilities,and Librarian.The survey included 14 main questions on the topics of access to research integrity and publishing ethics training,experience levels in publishing in scholarly journals(including using third-party services),authorship experiences and behaviours,levels of concern about different types of research integrity issues,and perceptions on who the respondents think are primarily responsible for upholding research integrity standards and training in publishing ethics.After applying inclusion criteria,1,777 responses were included in the analysis.Findings:Amongst the 1,777 respondents included in the study results,only 55.4%had any access to training in research integrity and publishing ethics,and an even smaller proportion to formal training.Even amongst cohorts with access to training(where respondents in the Researcher cohort have the highest access),answers to the questions on authorship and third-party services reveal many areas of confusion regarding authorship criteria and responsibilities in publishing ethics.In particular,the responses also show limited knowledge in recognising unethical service offerings by third-party services(e.g.adding authors,citations and data/images).The survey responses also show that even though respondents in the undergraduate cohort are already actively publishing articles as well as using third-party manuscript preparation/editing services,they have limited access to training and have high levels of uncertainty about authorship responsibilities.Out of all key stakeholders,respondents perceive research institutions to be mainly responsible for upholding research integrity standards as well as providing access to training.Research limitations:As with all voluntary online surveys,the study design includes inherent limitations due to the self-reported nature of the responses.The respondents who participate are likely to have a particular interest and a higher level of awareness about the survey topic,and so the self-selecting nature of the participants can introduce personal biases,which can affect the overall results.This survey was sent to members of a WeChat channel focused on journal rankings,which also discusses research integrity issues,so the respondents may not provide a general representation of their career stage/subject discipline cohorts.The sample sizes were not comparable across all cohorts,so direct comparisons could not always be made.Instead,where appropriate,separate comparisons were made between Undergraduate students,Master’s students,PhD candidates and Researchers(29.26%-18.68%of respondents),or between Research managers,Researcher with research management responsibilities and Librarians(4.28%-2.53%of respondents).Practical implications:It is important to ensure that research integrity and publishing ethics training and education needs are being met for researchers at all levels,including undergraduates.Findings from the survey highlight the importance of establishing training and education programmes tailored towards addressing specific areas of common confusion or limited awareness,especially to reduce the risk of unintentional misconduct.The findings from this survey can be used to inform training and education partnerships and collaborations across key stakeholders,including research institutions and publishers,so that we can collectively improve the overall integrity of scholarly publishing.A table of recommendations and a hypothetical case have been included to illustrate how this can be achieved.Originality/value:To our knowledge,this is the first survey on this topic developed via a collaboration between the research integrity team at an international scholarly publisher and scientometrics researchers based in China.Sharing our perspectives and experience to develop the survey questions has helped to highlight the common areas of confusion regarding authorship responsibilities and ethical third-party service offerings within researchers in China,even amongst those who do have access to training.展开更多
The objective of the study is to examine the moderating influence of gender on the relationship between cultural values and Islamic work ethics(IWE)among Palestinian Arab high school teachers in Israel who represent a...The objective of the study is to examine the moderating influence of gender on the relationship between cultural values and Islamic work ethics(IWE)among Palestinian Arab high school teachers in Israel who represent an ethnic and religious minority within a Western-oriented framework.The study sample comprised 1,245 Arab teachers(759 females and 476 males).Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling with AMOS,focusing on path analysis.The research findings highlight a substantial relationship between cultural values and Islamic work ethics,with gender as a moderating variable.Additionally,the results indicate a significant positive relationship between the cultural value dimension of uncertainty avoidance and both dimensions of Islamic work ethics-dedication and social responsibility in the workplace,along with independence,diligence,and achievement.In contrast,a pronounced and significant negative relationship was identified between the cultural dimension of femininity/masculinity and these two dimensions of Islamic work ethics.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of medical artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly the widespread adoption of AI diagnostic systems,ethical challenges in medical decision-making have garnered increasing attentio...With the rapid advancement of medical artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly the widespread adoption of AI diagnostic systems,ethical challenges in medical decision-making have garnered increasing attention.This paper analyzes the limitations of algorithmic ethics in medical decision-making and explores accountability mechanisms,aiming to provide theoretical support for ethically informed medical practices.The study highlights how the opacity of AI algorithms complicates the definition of decision-making responsibility,undermines doctor-patient trust,and affects informed consent.By thoroughly investigating issues such as the algorithmic“black box”problem and data privacy protection,we develop accountability assessment models to address ethical concerns related to medical resource allocation.Furthermore,this research examines the effective implementation of AI diagnostic systems through case studies of both successful and unsuccessful applications,extracting lessons on accountability mechanisms and response strategies.Finally,we emphasize that establishing a transparent accountability framework is crucial for enhancing the ethical standards of medical AI systems and protecting patients’rights and interests.展开更多
The widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in exams has significantly improved the efficiency and fairness of exams;it has also brought challenges of ethics and privacy protection.The article ...The widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in exams has significantly improved the efficiency and fairness of exams;it has also brought challenges of ethics and privacy protection.The article analyzes the fairness,transparency,and privacy protection issues caused by AI in exams and proposes strategic solutions.This article aims to provide guidance for the rational application of AI technology in exams,ensuring a balance between technological progress and ethical protection by strengthening laws and regulations,enhancing technological transparency,strengthening candidates’privacy rights,and improving the management measures of educational examination institutions.展开更多
River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by gen...River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by generations of water resources professionals.Rooted in river ecology,it offers a framework for advancing modern water governance systems and capabilities.This paper examines eight dimensions of river ethics to provide actionable recommendations:enhancing knowledge systems on water,rivers,and lakes;addressing critical challenges in water governance to strengthen the foundational role of water authorities in ensuring water security,resource management,ecological sustainability and environmental protection;optimizing water project planning to mitigate ecological impacts;ensuring high standards in the lifecycle management of water projects;refining water diversion strategies for precise scheduling;utilizing ecosystem complexity for river and lake restoration;implementing tiered management of water-related disasters;and driving reforms to modernize water governance systems and mechanisms.展开更多
Rapid technological advancements are driving embodied intelligent robots from laboratories to real-life applications to serve as a key force reshaping the future way of life.Like many other revolutionary technologies,...Rapid technological advancements are driving embodied intelligent robots from laboratories to real-life applications to serve as a key force reshaping the future way of life.Like many other revolutionary technologies,while sparking utopian visions of the future,the development of embodied intelligence has aroused concerns about safety risks, emotional ethics, and socio-cultural implications.展开更多
This study addresses security and ethical challenges in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems, as exemplified in a blockchain fraud detection case study. Leveraging blockchain’s secure architecture, the framework involves sp...This study addresses security and ethical challenges in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems, as exemplified in a blockchain fraud detection case study. Leveraging blockchain’s secure architecture, the framework involves specialized LLM Agents—ContractMining, Investigative, Ethics, and PerformanceMonitor, coordinated by a ManagerAgent. Baseline LLM models achieved 30% accuracy with a threshold method and 94% accuracy with a random-forest method. The Claude 3.5-powered LLM system reached an accuracy of 92%. Ethical evaluations revealed biases, highlighting the need for fairness-focused refinements. Our approach aims to develop trustworthy and reliable networks of agents capable of functioning even in adversarial environments. To our knowledge, no existing systems employ ethical LLM agents specifically designed to detect fraud, making this a novel contribution. Future work will focus on refining ethical frameworks, scaling the system, and benchmarking it against traditional methods to establish a robust, adaptable, and ethically grounded solution for blockchain fraud detection.展开更多
Medical laboratory science is an essential component of healthcare services.The quality of laboratory services is not only highly correlated with doctors’theoretical knowledge and practical skills but is also greatly...Medical laboratory science is an essential component of healthcare services.The quality of laboratory services is not only highly correlated with doctors’theoretical knowledge and practical skills but is also greatly influenced by their professional ethics and ideological standards.Therefore,it is necessary to implement ideological and political education in the curriculum for medical laboratory students,aiming to elevate their ideological and moral standards,enhance their work enthusiasm,and alleviate job burnout.This article explores the positive impact of ideological and political education on cultivating professionalism in medical laboratory students and discusses its application in this context,considering the current situation of professional ethics training for these students.展开更多
Angela Carter’s“The Company of Wolves”is a provocative retelling of the classic fairy tale“Little Red Riding Hood,”delving into complex themes of sexuality,violence,and human nature.This paper examines the story...Angela Carter’s“The Company of Wolves”is a provocative retelling of the classic fairy tale“Little Red Riding Hood,”delving into complex themes of sexuality,violence,and human nature.This paper examines the story’s ethical implications through a literary ethics lens,focusing on the wolf as a symbol of both danger and desire.It explores the wolf’s dual nature,the power dynamics between rulers and the ruled,and the ethical choice between conflict and coexistence.展开更多
In the digital age,traditional media ethics norms lack sufficient explanatory power and binding force in practice.This paper uses the“Primary School Student Lost Homework in Paris”incident as a case study to explore...In the digital age,traditional media ethics norms lack sufficient explanatory power and binding force in practice.This paper uses the“Primary School Student Lost Homework in Paris”incident as a case study to explore the ethical controversies surrounding the dissemination of this event.By adopting a hierarchical media ethics perspective,the paper dynamically examines the ethical conduct of various communicators,elucidates the ethical responsibilities of each party involved,and reveals the complexity of communication ethics in the digital age.展开更多
This paper examines the ethical issues of water environment in the context of river management in practical engineering and technological applications.In particular,three important issues are discussed in this paper r...This paper examines the ethical issues of water environment in the context of river management in practical engineering and technological applications.In particular,three important issues are discussed in this paper referring to two actual engineering cases in ancient and modern China,that is,the construction of ancient Dujiangyan irrigation project in Sichuan,China,and the modern practice of integrated operation of flood control and pollution prevention in Huai River Basin.The three issues include how to consider the trade-offs between flood control and irrigation,how to balance flood control and contamination prevention related to sudden water pollution incident,and how to ensure the protection of water environments and ecology in rivers under the grand challenges of natural environmental changes and high-intensity human activities.Finally,this paper concludes by emphasizing the future development of water environmental ethics and its interdisciplinary integration with modern science&technology in smart river management in China.展开更多
River ethics encompasses the values,moral principles,and behavioral norms that govern and regulate the relationship between humans and rivers.Constructing rivers ethics breaks through the traditional ethical dimension...River ethics encompasses the values,moral principles,and behavioral norms that govern and regulate the relationship between humans and rivers.Constructing rivers ethics breaks through the traditional ethical dimension that is limited to interpersonal judgment and extends the moral relationship from solely between humans to between humans and river life.China's eco-civilization drive elucidates that harmony between humans and rivers are the core concept of constructing river ethics.This paper discusses the values,foundation,moral principles,and behavioral norms of river ethics,and forms the theoretical framework of river ethics.展开更多
The medical metaverse and digital twin are set to revolutionise healthcare.Like all emerging technologies their benefits must be weighed against their ethical and social,impacts.If we consider the advances of medical ...The medical metaverse and digital twin are set to revolutionise healthcare.Like all emerging technologies their benefits must be weighed against their ethical and social,impacts.If we consider the advances of medical technology as an expression of our values,such as the pursuit of knowledge,cures and healing,an ethical study allows us to align our values and steer the technology towards an agreed goal.However,to appreciate the long-term consequents of a technology,those consequences must be considered in the context of a society already shaped by that technology.This paper identifies the technologies currently shaping society and considers the ethical,and social consequences of the medical metaverse and digital twin in that future society.展开更多
Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of sk...Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.展开更多
Applied ethics finds application in all spheres of social life,one of which is the field of library and information science.Ethics is an important pillar contributing to the systematic order of the library and its col...Applied ethics finds application in all spheres of social life,one of which is the field of library and information science.Ethics is an important pillar contributing to the systematic order of the library and its collection.Ethical principles are contained in key documents such as the Librarian’s Code of Ethics,partly in the Library(Lending)Regulations,and should therefore be adopted by every member of staff.The library profession consists not only of working with information,namely making it available,but also of setting up effective communication towards users(readers)in the form of defining optimal solutions eliminating the problems that arise.The aim of our efforts is to capture the most common problems that arise from misunderstandings between librarian and user(reader)and to make clear what specific role ethical values play in library and information practice.展开更多
文摘With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,China has entered the era of artificial intelligence.It not only promotes social development and progress but also faces a series of ethical risks.In response,this article starts from ethical risks,first expounds on the ethical turn in the development of artificial intelligence technology,then clarifies the core challenges of scientific and technological ethics governance in the era of artificial intelligence,and finally,proposes a theoretical framework and practical path for scientific and technological ethics governance,hoping to provide some reference for relevant personnel to better cope with scientific and technological ethics risks in the era of artificial intelligence.
文摘It’s a great honor for me to talk about ethics applied to artificial intelligence here.Most of the problems that we are facing today come from a strong misunderstanding of what ethics means.We tend to think ethics are merely about establishing principles that would help us mitigate risks and secure benefits expected from AI systems.We are on the wrong path.Ethics are much more complex than that.Ethics are about philosophy,not about politics.Ethics are more about asking questions to enlighten decision-making processes,then to provide one-size-fit-all solutions.We are doing what I call cosmetics,which is a makeup using ethics-related vocabulary,notions and concepts to communicate and influence users and consumers,and to send messages to the market.
文摘Based on the Many Worlds Interpretation,I describe reality as a multilayer spacetime,where parallel layers play the role of alternative timelines.I link physics to ethics,arguing that one’s moral choices shape one’s course in the multiverse.I consider one’s ethical decisions as decoherence events,leading to movement between alternative timelines,lighter(higher)or heavier(lower)realities.Sometimes in one’s curvilinear path in spacetime,one can even experience falling toward lower layers,slipping through wormholes.This theory supports free will and the simulation hypothesis.With this background,I explore the idea that a new theory of gravity might open new possibilities to shape matter and change our worldview through the invention of new technology,transforming information into waves and then into solid matter,paving the way for a new Multiverse Aeon for humanity.
文摘Background:Jay Haley’s contributions to bioethics introduced a systemic and interventionist perspective on clinical responsibility,autonomy,and ethical governance.His directive therapeutic methods redefined clinical practice as a domain of ethical action,emphasizing relational accountability and structured decision-making at the core of medical and psychotherapeutic ethics.Haley challenged dominant models of patient autonomy and informed consent by highlighting the clinician’s active role in guiding ethical outcomes within complex relational systems.He positioned therapeutic influence within broader debates on medical authority and ethical boundaries.By integrating medical hypnosis and family systems therapy,Haley’s work bridges clinical practice and bioethical principles,reshaping the ethics principles of psychotherapy.Methods:This medical history study employs a historiographical approach,analyzing over one hundred primary and secondary sources including Haley’s published works,archival audiovisual materials,and contemporaneous policy documents.Systematic source classification,triangulation with independent evaluations,and explicit disclosure of author positionality ensure methodological rigor.Interpretive source analysis and intellectual history frameworks enable a thorough reconstruction of Haley’s bioethical contributions within broader historical and philosophical contexts,with particular attention to the philosophical assumptions underlying his strategic interventions.Results:New findings identifies six interrelated domains in Haley’s ethical approach that emphasize core bioethical principles:autonomy,beneficence,nonmaleficence,justice,and accountability.Haley’s methods demonstrate brief,goal-directed,and ethically accountable interventions aligned with principlism,virtue ethics,and communitarian ethics.Key findings include critiques of psychoanalytic neutrality,the use of metaphor and hypnosis to support informed client engagement without coercion,and integration of systemic factors into ethical decision-making.These insights extend knowledge by showing how Haley’s work advanced ethical standards influencing contemporary clinical governance frameworks such as the AAMFT Code of Ethics.Conclusion:By cataloguing Haley’s corpus and mapping his bioethical emphases across domains,this study extends existing knowledge,positioning Haley as a foundational bioethical theorist in systemic therapy.His work reframes therapy as a relational and ethically governed intervention,offering enduring insights for clinical governance,professional ethics,and therapeutic practice.These findings enrich the historiography of medical ethics by positioning Haley as a foundational bioethical theorist whose work continues to inform therapeutic practice and ethical deliberation.
基金as a part of the Joint Research Integrity Lab between Taylor and Francis and National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,a project which is funded by both parties。
文摘Purpose:To gain insights into the levels of training and support in research integrity and publishing ethics,levels of experience in publishing in scholarly journals and use of third-party manuscript preparation/editing services(which can include paper mills),and also to assess levels of awareness regarding different types of publishing ethics misconduct,we surveyed members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Journal Ranking WeChat channel.Design/methodology/approach:The online survey collected voluntary anonymous responses from members of the CAS Journal Ranking WeChat channel,one of largest channels of Chinese researchers at all career stages within STM and social sciences.The respondents of the survey fell into one of the following categories:Undergraduate student,Master’s student,PhD candidate,Researcher,Research manager,Researcher with research management responsibilities,and Librarian.The survey included 14 main questions on the topics of access to research integrity and publishing ethics training,experience levels in publishing in scholarly journals(including using third-party services),authorship experiences and behaviours,levels of concern about different types of research integrity issues,and perceptions on who the respondents think are primarily responsible for upholding research integrity standards and training in publishing ethics.After applying inclusion criteria,1,777 responses were included in the analysis.Findings:Amongst the 1,777 respondents included in the study results,only 55.4%had any access to training in research integrity and publishing ethics,and an even smaller proportion to formal training.Even amongst cohorts with access to training(where respondents in the Researcher cohort have the highest access),answers to the questions on authorship and third-party services reveal many areas of confusion regarding authorship criteria and responsibilities in publishing ethics.In particular,the responses also show limited knowledge in recognising unethical service offerings by third-party services(e.g.adding authors,citations and data/images).The survey responses also show that even though respondents in the undergraduate cohort are already actively publishing articles as well as using third-party manuscript preparation/editing services,they have limited access to training and have high levels of uncertainty about authorship responsibilities.Out of all key stakeholders,respondents perceive research institutions to be mainly responsible for upholding research integrity standards as well as providing access to training.Research limitations:As with all voluntary online surveys,the study design includes inherent limitations due to the self-reported nature of the responses.The respondents who participate are likely to have a particular interest and a higher level of awareness about the survey topic,and so the self-selecting nature of the participants can introduce personal biases,which can affect the overall results.This survey was sent to members of a WeChat channel focused on journal rankings,which also discusses research integrity issues,so the respondents may not provide a general representation of their career stage/subject discipline cohorts.The sample sizes were not comparable across all cohorts,so direct comparisons could not always be made.Instead,where appropriate,separate comparisons were made between Undergraduate students,Master’s students,PhD candidates and Researchers(29.26%-18.68%of respondents),or between Research managers,Researcher with research management responsibilities and Librarians(4.28%-2.53%of respondents).Practical implications:It is important to ensure that research integrity and publishing ethics training and education needs are being met for researchers at all levels,including undergraduates.Findings from the survey highlight the importance of establishing training and education programmes tailored towards addressing specific areas of common confusion or limited awareness,especially to reduce the risk of unintentional misconduct.The findings from this survey can be used to inform training and education partnerships and collaborations across key stakeholders,including research institutions and publishers,so that we can collectively improve the overall integrity of scholarly publishing.A table of recommendations and a hypothetical case have been included to illustrate how this can be achieved.Originality/value:To our knowledge,this is the first survey on this topic developed via a collaboration between the research integrity team at an international scholarly publisher and scientometrics researchers based in China.Sharing our perspectives and experience to develop the survey questions has helped to highlight the common areas of confusion regarding authorship responsibilities and ethical third-party service offerings within researchers in China,even amongst those who do have access to training.
文摘The objective of the study is to examine the moderating influence of gender on the relationship between cultural values and Islamic work ethics(IWE)among Palestinian Arab high school teachers in Israel who represent an ethnic and religious minority within a Western-oriented framework.The study sample comprised 1,245 Arab teachers(759 females and 476 males).Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling with AMOS,focusing on path analysis.The research findings highlight a substantial relationship between cultural values and Islamic work ethics,with gender as a moderating variable.Additionally,the results indicate a significant positive relationship between the cultural value dimension of uncertainty avoidance and both dimensions of Islamic work ethics-dedication and social responsibility in the workplace,along with independence,diligence,and achievement.In contrast,a pronounced and significant negative relationship was identified between the cultural dimension of femininity/masculinity and these two dimensions of Islamic work ethics.
文摘With the rapid advancement of medical artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly the widespread adoption of AI diagnostic systems,ethical challenges in medical decision-making have garnered increasing attention.This paper analyzes the limitations of algorithmic ethics in medical decision-making and explores accountability mechanisms,aiming to provide theoretical support for ethically informed medical practices.The study highlights how the opacity of AI algorithms complicates the definition of decision-making responsibility,undermines doctor-patient trust,and affects informed consent.By thoroughly investigating issues such as the algorithmic“black box”problem and data privacy protection,we develop accountability assessment models to address ethical concerns related to medical resource allocation.Furthermore,this research examines the effective implementation of AI diagnostic systems through case studies of both successful and unsuccessful applications,extracting lessons on accountability mechanisms and response strategies.Finally,we emphasize that establishing a transparent accountability framework is crucial for enhancing the ethical standards of medical AI systems and protecting patients’rights and interests.
文摘The widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in exams has significantly improved the efficiency and fairness of exams;it has also brought challenges of ethics and privacy protection.The article analyzes the fairness,transparency,and privacy protection issues caused by AI in exams and proposes strategic solutions.This article aims to provide guidance for the rational application of AI technology in exams,ensuring a balance between technological progress and ethical protection by strengthening laws and regulations,enhancing technological transparency,strengthening candidates’privacy rights,and improving the management measures of educational examination institutions.
基金Three Gorges Follow-up Work Fund,Grant/Award Number:WE0161A042024National Key Research Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2024YFC3210900。
文摘River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by generations of water resources professionals.Rooted in river ecology,it offers a framework for advancing modern water governance systems and capabilities.This paper examines eight dimensions of river ethics to provide actionable recommendations:enhancing knowledge systems on water,rivers,and lakes;addressing critical challenges in water governance to strengthen the foundational role of water authorities in ensuring water security,resource management,ecological sustainability and environmental protection;optimizing water project planning to mitigate ecological impacts;ensuring high standards in the lifecycle management of water projects;refining water diversion strategies for precise scheduling;utilizing ecosystem complexity for river and lake restoration;implementing tiered management of water-related disasters;and driving reforms to modernize water governance systems and mechanisms.
文摘Rapid technological advancements are driving embodied intelligent robots from laboratories to real-life applications to serve as a key force reshaping the future way of life.Like many other revolutionary technologies,while sparking utopian visions of the future,the development of embodied intelligence has aroused concerns about safety risks, emotional ethics, and socio-cultural implications.
文摘This study addresses security and ethical challenges in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems, as exemplified in a blockchain fraud detection case study. Leveraging blockchain’s secure architecture, the framework involves specialized LLM Agents—ContractMining, Investigative, Ethics, and PerformanceMonitor, coordinated by a ManagerAgent. Baseline LLM models achieved 30% accuracy with a threshold method and 94% accuracy with a random-forest method. The Claude 3.5-powered LLM system reached an accuracy of 92%. Ethical evaluations revealed biases, highlighting the need for fairness-focused refinements. Our approach aims to develop trustworthy and reliable networks of agents capable of functioning even in adversarial environments. To our knowledge, no existing systems employ ethical LLM agents specifically designed to detect fraud, making this a novel contribution. Future work will focus on refining ethical frameworks, scaling the system, and benchmarking it against traditional methods to establish a robust, adaptable, and ethically grounded solution for blockchain fraud detection.
文摘Medical laboratory science is an essential component of healthcare services.The quality of laboratory services is not only highly correlated with doctors’theoretical knowledge and practical skills but is also greatly influenced by their professional ethics and ideological standards.Therefore,it is necessary to implement ideological and political education in the curriculum for medical laboratory students,aiming to elevate their ideological and moral standards,enhance their work enthusiasm,and alleviate job burnout.This article explores the positive impact of ideological and political education on cultivating professionalism in medical laboratory students and discusses its application in this context,considering the current situation of professional ethics training for these students.
文摘Angela Carter’s“The Company of Wolves”is a provocative retelling of the classic fairy tale“Little Red Riding Hood,”delving into complex themes of sexuality,violence,and human nature.This paper examines the story’s ethical implications through a literary ethics lens,focusing on the wolf as a symbol of both danger and desire.It explores the wolf’s dual nature,the power dynamics between rulers and the ruled,and the ethical choice between conflict and coexistence.
文摘In the digital age,traditional media ethics norms lack sufficient explanatory power and binding force in practice.This paper uses the“Primary School Student Lost Homework in Paris”incident as a case study to explore the ethical controversies surrounding the dissemination of this event.By adopting a hierarchical media ethics perspective,the paper dynamically examines the ethical conduct of various communicators,elucidates the ethical responsibilities of each party involved,and reveals the complexity of communication ethics in the digital age.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U2340213Environmental Ethic Consult Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘This paper examines the ethical issues of water environment in the context of river management in practical engineering and technological applications.In particular,three important issues are discussed in this paper referring to two actual engineering cases in ancient and modern China,that is,the construction of ancient Dujiangyan irrigation project in Sichuan,China,and the modern practice of integrated operation of flood control and pollution prevention in Huai River Basin.The three issues include how to consider the trade-offs between flood control and irrigation,how to balance flood control and contamination prevention related to sudden water pollution incident,and how to ensure the protection of water environments and ecology in rivers under the grand challenges of natural environmental changes and high-intensity human activities.Finally,this paper concludes by emphasizing the future development of water environmental ethics and its interdisciplinary integration with modern science&technology in smart river management in China.
文摘River ethics encompasses the values,moral principles,and behavioral norms that govern and regulate the relationship between humans and rivers.Constructing rivers ethics breaks through the traditional ethical dimension that is limited to interpersonal judgment and extends the moral relationship from solely between humans to between humans and river life.China's eco-civilization drive elucidates that harmony between humans and rivers are the core concept of constructing river ethics.This paper discusses the values,foundation,moral principles,and behavioral norms of river ethics,and forms the theoretical framework of river ethics.
文摘The medical metaverse and digital twin are set to revolutionise healthcare.Like all emerging technologies their benefits must be weighed against their ethical and social,impacts.If we consider the advances of medical technology as an expression of our values,such as the pursuit of knowledge,cures and healing,an ethical study allows us to align our values and steer the technology towards an agreed goal.However,to appreciate the long-term consequents of a technology,those consequences must be considered in the context of a society already shaped by that technology.This paper identifies the technologies currently shaping society and considers the ethical,and social consequences of the medical metaverse and digital twin in that future society.
文摘Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.
文摘Applied ethics finds application in all spheres of social life,one of which is the field of library and information science.Ethics is an important pillar contributing to the systematic order of the library and its collection.Ethical principles are contained in key documents such as the Librarian’s Code of Ethics,partly in the Library(Lending)Regulations,and should therefore be adopted by every member of staff.The library profession consists not only of working with information,namely making it available,but also of setting up effective communication towards users(readers)in the form of defining optimal solutions eliminating the problems that arise.The aim of our efforts is to capture the most common problems that arise from misunderstandings between librarian and user(reader)and to make clear what specific role ethical values play in library and information practice.
