Mango(Mangifera indica L.cv.‘Keitt’)is one of the core fruit delicacies produced by China.During the post-harvest storage span,the fungal pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides readily invades the fruits and leads ...Mango(Mangifera indica L.cv.‘Keitt’)is one of the core fruit delicacies produced by China.During the post-harvest storage span,the fungal pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides readily invades the fruits and leads to a significant overall yield loss.In recent years of development,the exploitation of naturally occurring fungitoxic compounds such as Sandalwood Essential Oil(SEO)has been useful in tackling various fungal species.This study demonstrates the potential of SEO as part of a storage protection strategy against C.gloeosporioides-induced postharvest anthracnose.SEO displayed a relatively higher mycelial growth inhibition rate when compared to various other essential oils.Furthermore,the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration(MIC),Minimum Fungicidal Concentration(MFC),and EC_(50)(Half maximal effective concentration)of SEO were determined to be 2000,2500,and 610.38μL/L,respectively.Moreover,the chitosan glutamate-SEO emulsion controlled the anthracnose spread for several days by multiple folds at½MIC,MIC,and 2 MIC concentrations.These results strongly support the potential for largescale production and application of SEO emulsions by agrochemical firms and post-harvest storage facilities handling Keitt mangoes.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited.The participants in the control group(n=52)were offered a placebo(sunflower oil)daily,whereas those in the essential oil group(n=52)were administered Sanhua essential oil.This study evaluated depression improvement,Hamilton Depression Scale score,scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score,incidence of nausea and vomiting,and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Depression improved by 48.1%and 21.2%in the essential oil and control groups,respectively(P=.010).The Hamilton Depression Scale score(P=.017),scores for symptoms in TCM(P=.002),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(nausea in the acute phase,P=.017;nausea in the delayed phase,P=.039;vomiting in the acute phase,P=.008;vomiting in the delayed phase,P=.081).The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(P=.005).Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus,right precuneus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion:Inhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer,improved sleep quality,relieved TCM symptoms,reduced nausea and vomiting,and regulated activities in the brain regions.展开更多
Semen Platycladi(SP)is the dried ripe kernel of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco,has been used for insomnia treatment for bimillennium in China,which mechanism is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to expl...Semen Platycladi(SP)is the dried ripe kernel of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco,has been used for insomnia treatment for bimillennium in China,which mechanism is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to explore the sleep-promoting mechanism of essential oil and saponins from SP.As 2 main bioactive constituents of SP,essential oil(SPO)and saponin(SPS)were extracted,then was given to p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia mice by intragastric administration.Then,the behavioral tests,neurotransmitter receptors,cytokines and hormone in brain were investigated.Behavior test showed that SPO and SPS exhibited sleep-enhancing effect through suppressing depression,shortening the onset time while prolonging the sleep duration in insomnia mice.Also SPO and SPS up-regulated serotonin(5-HT)receptors in serotonergic neurons,increased glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD)content in GABAergic neurons,and stimulatedγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors expression to enhance the synaptic inhibition.Moreover,they could down-regulated the cytokines and rebalanced hormone expressions.Although both SPO and SPS exerted sleep-promoting,they had different focusing targets.SPS had stronger effect on neurotransmitter receptors regulation while SPO had better hormone rebalanced ability.Briefly,SPO and SPS exerted sedative-hypnotic effect in insomnia mice through modulating multi-targets in serotonergic and GABAergic system.展开更多
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction proce...Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction process for Fructus Ligustri Lucidi essential oil(FLLO)to develop an efficient and practical extraction method.Additionally,the chemical composition of FLLO was analyzed,and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxic activities were evaluated.FLLO was extracted using supercritical CO_(2) extraction,and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters:pressure of 16 MPa,temperature of 40℃,and extraction time of 40 min.The main components of the essential oil were identified through GC-MS analysis.Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays,demonstrating that FLLO exhibited strong antioxidant properties,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate exceeding 80%.In antimicrobial tests,FLLO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations greater than 25 mg/mL.Additionally,cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLLO enhanced the proliferation of LO2 cells.In conclusion,FLLO,extracted using supercritical CO_(2),demonstrates excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,as well as favorable cell safety,supporting its potential for further development and application of Ligustrum lucidum.展开更多
Essential thrombocythemia is classified as a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets stemming from a megakaryocytic clone. The diagnosis primarily relies on bone marrow bio...Essential thrombocythemia is classified as a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets stemming from a megakaryocytic clone. The diagnosis primarily relies on bone marrow biopsy findings and the detection of the JAK2 V617F mutation, after the exclusion of secondary thrombocytosis due to conditions such as inflammation, hemolysis, infection, and iron deficiency. On the other hand, Ulcerative colitis represents an inflammatory disorder of the colon. The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is established through clinical assessment, endoscopic examination, and histological criteria, without a discernible alternative etiology. The concomitant occurrence of these two conditions is infrequent. We present the case of an 85-year-old patient with a history of essential thrombocythemia who exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms characterized by alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation. A subsequent colonoscopy accompanied by a biopsy revealed histological features consistent with ulcerative colitis. The patient was administered cytoreductive therapy in combination with mesalazine, resulting in favorable outcomes. Current literature addressing this association is limited, indicating the need for further investigative studies to elucidate the causal relationships between these two pathologies and to achieve improved therapeutic management strategies.展开更多
Salmonellosis represents a global epidemic,and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Salmonella and its sustained transmission worldwide constitutes a significant public health concern.Flagellum-mediated mot...Salmonellosis represents a global epidemic,and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Salmonella and its sustained transmission worldwide constitutes a significant public health concern.Flagellum-mediated motility serves as a crucial virulence trait of Salmonella that guides the pathogen toward the epithelial surface,enhancing gut colonization.Artemisia argyit essential oil,a traditional herb extract,demonstrates efficacy in treating inflammationrelated symptoms and diseases;however,its effects on flagellum assembly and expression mechanisms in anti-Salmonella activity remain inadequately explored.This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which Artemisia argyit essential oil addresses Salmonella infections.Network pharmacological analysis revealed that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Artemisia argyit exhibited anti-Salmonella infection potential and inhibited flagellum-dependent motility.The application of Artemisia argyit essential oil induced notable motility defects through the downregulation of flagellar and fimbriae expression.Moreover,it significantly reduced Salmonella-infected cell damage by interfering with flagellum-mediated Salmonella colonization.In vivo studies demonstrated that Artemisia argyit essential oil administration effectively alleviated Salmonella infection symptoms by reducing bacterial loads,inhibiting interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)production,and diminishing pathological injury.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis identified forty-three compounds in Artemisia argyit essential oil,with their corresponding targets and active ingredients predicted.Investigation of an in vivo model of Salmonella infection using the active ingredient demonstrated that alpha-cedrene ameliorated Salmonella infection.These findings suggest the potential application of Artemisia argyit essential oil in controlling Salmonella,the predominant food-borne pathogen.展开更多
BACKGROUND Since non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with abnormal liver function tests,treatment recommendations aim to reduce the level of known markers of liver inflammation,such as alanine transa...BACKGROUND Since non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with abnormal liver function tests,treatment recommendations aim to reduce the level of known markers of liver inflammation,such as alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT).Essential phospholipids(EPLs)have been shown to reduce levels of these liver enzymes and improve ultrasonographic features.While non-invasive diagnostic tests have been developed to stage inflammation,these tests were not specifically designed to evaluate patients with NAFLD.This highlights the need to describe the liver enzyme profile across the different levels of NAFLD severity for improved grading and staging of NAFLD.AIM To describe liver enzyme profiles across NAFLD severity to inform a diagnostic staging algorithm and identify who may benefit from EPLs.METHODS This post-hoc analysis of the observational MANPOWER study included 2843 adult patients with newly diagnosed NAFLD.The primary endpoint was assessment of baseline liver enzyme profiles.Secondary endpoints were effectiveness of Essentiale®(an EPL)on liver enzyme levels and ultrasonography findings across three definitions of NAFLD:(1)Statistical distribution of liver enzyme levels;(2)MANPOWER cut-offs;and(3)Presence of physiciandiagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.The best performing algorithm was used to describe the risk factors and profiles associated with increased liver enzyme levels.RESULTS Of the 2843 patients included in this post-hoc analysis,most were female(62.2%),with a mean age of 48.4 years(SD 8.59 years).Overall,mean levels of ALT,AST and GGT increased with NAFLD severity for all three subgroups,with the rate of chronic comorbidities correlated with NAFLD severity.Across each subgroup of interest,Essentiale significantly reduced average liver enzyme levels and improved ultrasonography features,including diffuse liver hyperechogenicity and heterogeneous liver structure(P<0.05),with greater benefit associated with increased severity.Compared with all algorithms tested,the algorithm based on the statistical distribution of liver enzymes displayed the highest accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for the grading and staging of NAFLD and could form the basis of a diagnostic algorithm.CONCLUSION Liver enzyme profiles may identify NAFLD severity and allow monitoring of therapeutic response.Essentiale may improve liver enzyme levels and ultrasonography features.An algorithm could aid in the diagnosis/staging of NAFLD.展开更多
Background: The availability of essential medicines and medical supplies is crucial for effectively delivering healthcare services. In Zambia, the Logistics Management Information System (LMIS) is a key tool for manag...Background: The availability of essential medicines and medical supplies is crucial for effectively delivering healthcare services. In Zambia, the Logistics Management Information System (LMIS) is a key tool for managing the supply chain of these commodities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LMIS in ensuring the availability of essential medicines and medical supplies in public hospitals in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Materials and Methods: From February to April 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 public hospitals across the Copperbelt Province. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, checklists, and stock control cards. The study assessed LMIS availability, training, and knowledge among pharmacy personnel, as well as data accuracy, product availability, and order fill rates. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: All surveyed hospitals had LMIS implemented and were using eLMIS as the primary LMIS. Only 47% and 48% of pharmacy personnel received training in eLMIS and Essential Medicines Logistics Improvement Program (EMLIP), respectively. Most personnel demonstrated good knowledge of LMIS, with 77.7% able to log in to eLMIS Facility Edition, 76.6% able to locate stock control cards in the system, and 78.7% able to perform transactions. However, data accuracy from physical and electronic records varied from 0% to 60%, and product availability ranged from 50% to 80%. Order fill rates from Zambia Medicines and Medical Supplies Agency (ZAMMSA) were consistently below 30%. Discrepancies were observed between physical stock counts and eLMIS records. Conclusion: This study found that most hospitals in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia have implemented LMIS use. While LMIS implementation is high in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia, challenges such as low training levels, data inaccuracies, low product availability, and order fill rates persist. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including capacity building, data quality improvement, supply chain coordination, and investment in infrastructure and human resources. Strengthening LMIS effectiveness is crucial for improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes in Zambia.展开更多
The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in trea...The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in treating Eimeria tenella infection in broilers.Broiers,at the age of 14 d,were orally infected with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts,and then,eugenol essential oil was added to chicken feed at three different dosages(0.1,0.2 or 0.4 g/kg).The anticoccidial effects of eugenol essential oil were assessed using the anticoccidial index(ACI).As a result,eugenol exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect,with an ACI of 167.37 at 0.2 g/kg.After eugenol treatment,the expression of occludin in the epithelial cells of the chicken cecum was significantly greater(P<0.05)than that in the epithelial cells of the nontreated control(IC)group.The proportion of intestinal Lactobacillus_agilli increased.Eugenol therapy dramatically increased the activity of superoxide dismutase.After high-dose treatment,the expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-6 significantly decreased,while the expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γsignificantly increased.The safety of eugenol essential oil was evaluated at the 1,3 or 6 recommended doses.Overall,no significant differences were detected in the blood tests or serum biochemistry of the chickens between the treatment groups and the control group.As a result,eugenol essential oil can cure chicken coccidiosis by improving the intestinal microbial structure in the chicken cecum and decreasing the cecum's inflammatory reactions,thus strengthening immune function and eventually demonstrating anticoccidial properties.展开更多
This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their...This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.展开更多
This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cel...This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and CMCS structures,with CMCS showing increased H-bonding.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS.CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water,enabling nanoemulsion formation.Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1,showing a particle size of 99 nm.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure,transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1.Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy.These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.展开更多
Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations b...Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations by formulating a double nano-emulsion(W/O/W)system incorporating macadamia oil and tea tree oil,using homogenization and phase inversion temperature(PIT)techniques.Comprehensive physicochemical charac-terization,including droplet size,polydispersity index(PDI),zeta potential,turbidity,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and SEM,was conducted alongside stability assessments under varying pH,temperature,and storage conditions.The optimized nano-emulsions exhibited nanoscale droplet sizes(10-40 nm),low PDI values(indicating high uniformity),and robust stability.Interestingly,the formulation with 2%W/O loading,with a particle size of 11.57 nm and a PDI of 0.04,demonstrated an antioxidant capacity of 4622.62μg ascorbic acid equivalents(AA)/g,which was significantly higher(p<0.05)compared to both natural oils(macadamia oil:20.91μg AA/g,tea tree oil:16.86μg AA/g)and a 10%Vitamin C aqueous solution(592.94μg AA/g).FTIR analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of Vitamin C and its successful encapsulation with macadamia and tea tree oils,while SEM images revealed uniformly spherical and well-dispersed droplets.Moreover,the formulation retained its structural integrity and antioxidant functionality under diverse pH and thermal conditions.These findings underscore the potential of double nano-emulsion systems to overcome the stability challenges of Vitamin C,offering a promising approach to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic performance in phar-maceutical and cosmetic applications.展开更多
Essential proteins are crucial for biological processes and can be identified through both experimental and computational methods.While experimental approaches are highly accurate,they often demand extensive time and ...Essential proteins are crucial for biological processes and can be identified through both experimental and computational methods.While experimental approaches are highly accurate,they often demand extensive time and resources.To address these challenges,we present a computational ensemble learning framework designed to identify essential proteins more efficiently.Our method begins by using node2vec to transform proteins in the protein–protein interaction(PPI)network into continuous,low-dimensional vectors.We also extract a range of features from protein sequences,including graph-theory-based,information-based,compositional,and physiochemical attributes.Additionally,we leverage deep learning techniques to analyze high-dimensional position-specific scoring matrices(PSSMs)and capture evolutionary information.We then combine these features for classification using various machine learning algorithms.To enhance performance,we integrate the outputs of these algorithms through ensemble methods such as voting,weighted averaging,and stacking.This approach effectively addresses data imbalances and improves both robustness and accuracy.Our ensemble learning framework achieves an AUC of 0.960 and an accuracy of 0.9252,outperforming other computational methods.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately identifying essential proteins and highlight its superior feature extraction capabilities.展开更多
Essential proteins are an indispensable part of cells and play an extremely significant role in genetic disease diagnosis and drug development.Therefore,the prediction of essential proteins has received extensive atte...Essential proteins are an indispensable part of cells and play an extremely significant role in genetic disease diagnosis and drug development.Therefore,the prediction of essential proteins has received extensive attention from researchers.Many centrality methods and machine learning algorithms have been proposed to predict essential proteins.Nevertheless,the topological characteristics learned by the centrality method are not comprehensive enough,resulting in low accuracy.In addition,machine learning algorithms need sufficient prior knowledge to select features,and the ability to solve imbalanced classification problems needs to be further strengthened.These two factors greatly affect the performance of predicting essential proteins.In this paper,we propose a deep learning framework based on temporal convolutional networks to predict essential proteins by integrating gene expression data and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.We make use of the method of network embedding to automatically learn more abundant features of proteins in the PPI network.For gene expression data,we treat it as sequence data,and use temporal convolutional networks to extract sequence features.Finally,the two types of features are integrated and put into the multi-layer neural network to complete the final classification task.The performance of our method is evaluated by comparing with seven centrality methods,six machine learning algorithms,and two deep learning models.The results of the experiment show that our method is more effective than the comparison methods for predicting essential proteins.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular health(CVH)plays a crucial role in overall health,but its association with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the relationship between CVH,measu...BACKGROUND Cardiovascular health(CVH)plays a crucial role in overall health,but its association with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the relationship between CVH,measured using Life’s Essential 8(LE8)and Life’s Simple 7(LS7),and the prevalence of MAFLD.METHODS This cross-sectional study had a sample of 2234 individuals,representing approximately 120 million individuals in the United States.Baseline parameters were compared between the LE8 and LS7 groups.Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between LE8,LS7,and MAFLD,while taking into account confounding factors.The investigation employed restricted cubic splines to investigate non-linear associations.Subgroup analyses and sensitivity studies were performed to evaluate the strength and reliability of the results.RESULTS Higher LE8 and LS7 scores were significantly associated with a decreased risk of MAFLD,even after controlling for demographic,socioeconomic,and clinical variables.This association demonstrated a non-linear pattern,with the most dramatic risk reduction observed at higher CVH levels.Individual CVH components,notably healthy behaviors and factors,exhibited strong relationships with MAFLD.Subgroup analyses indicated consistent relationships across several demographics.Sensitivity tests utilizing other MAFLD definitions validated the robustness of the findings.CONCLUSION Higher adherence to CVH criteria,as indicated by LE8 and LS7 scores,is associated with a significantly lower risk of MAFLD.These results emphasize the need to advance CVH to control and avoid MAFLD.展开更多
Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been ful...Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.展开更多
Background Scraping therapy is widely used in treating stage I and II essential hypertension in China.However,there has been no systematic evaluation of the efficacy of scraping therapy on blood pressure and sleep qua...Background Scraping therapy is widely used in treating stage I and II essential hypertension in China.However,there has been no systematic evaluation of the efficacy of scraping therapy on blood pressure and sleep quality in stage I and II essential hypertension.Search strategy Seven electronic databases(PubMed,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data electronic databases)were searched from inception to December 2022.Based on the principle of combining subject words with text words,the search strategy was constructed around search terms for“scraping therapy,”“scraping,”“Guasha,”“Gua sha,”“hypertension,”and“high blood pressure”during the database searches.Inclusion criteria Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included if they recruited patients with stage I and II essential hypertension and included a scraping therapy intervention.The intervention group received antihypertensive drugs and scraping therapy,while the control group only took antihypertensive drugs.Data extraction and analysis Review Manager 5.4.0 and STATA 15.1 were used to enter all the relevant outcome variables to conduct the meta-analysis.The quality of the selected RCTs was assessed using the PEDro scale.The sensitivity analysis was carried out by iteratively excluding individual studies and repeating the analysis to determine the stability of the findings and identify any studies with greater influence on the outcome.Subgroup analysis was performed to find the source of heterogeneity.Funnel plots were used to evaluate the publication bias of included studies.Results Nine RCTs including 765 participants were selected.Meta-analysis showed that scraping therapy combined with medication had an advantage over the use of medication alone in lowering systolic blood pressure(mean difference[MD]=?5.09,95%confidence interval[CI]=?6.50 to?3.67,P<0.001)and diastolic blood pressure(MD=?2.66,95%CI=?3.17 to?2.14,P<0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that scraping therapy improved sleep quality in middle-aged patients with hypertension,but the efficacy was better in elderly patients(MD=?7.91,95%CI=?8.65 to?7.16,P<0.001)than in middle-aged patients(MD=?2.67,95%CI=?4.12 to?1.21,P=0.0003).Conclusion The available evidence indicates that scraping therapy has significant effects on patients with stage I and II hypertension,and it improves sleep quality for elderly patients with hypertension better than for middle-aged ones.Scraping therapy can be an adjunctive treatment for stage I and II essential hypertension.However,further high-quality studies are needed to verify its effectiveness and the best therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Aniba rosaeodora essential oil(RO) has been traditionally used in natural medicine as a substitute for antibiotics due to its notable antidepressant and antibacterial properties. Salmonella, a prevalent pathogen in fo...Aniba rosaeodora essential oil(RO) has been traditionally used in natural medicine as a substitute for antibiotics due to its notable antidepressant and antibacterial properties. Salmonella, a prevalent pathogen in foodborne illnesses, presents a major challenge to current antibiotic treatments. However, the antibacterial efficacy and mechanisms of action of RO against Salmonella spp. remain underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the chemical composition of RO, evaluate its antibacterial activity and mechanisms against Salmonella in vitro, and further delineate its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in vivo during Salmonella infection. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was utilized to characterize the chemical constituents of RO. The antibacterial activity of RO was assessed using minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and time-kill assays. Various biochemical assays were employed to uncover the potential bactericidal mechanisms. Additionally, mouse and chick models of Salmonella infection were established to investigate the prophylactic effects of RO treatment. RO exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with an MIC of 4 mg·mL^(-1) for Salmonella spp. RO treatment resulted in bacterial damage through the disruption of lipid and purine metabolism. Moreover, RO reduced injury and microbial colonization in infected mice and chicks. RO treatment also modulated the host inflammatory response by inhibiting proinflammatory pathways. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that RO is effective against Salmonella infection, highlighting its potential as an alternative to antibiotics for antibacterial therapy.展开更多
Perilla essential oil(PEO)is reported as an aromatic yellowish oily substance with a volatile odor extracted from perilla leaves.It exhibits various biological activities except anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)activity....Perilla essential oil(PEO)is reported as an aromatic yellowish oily substance with a volatile odor extracted from perilla leaves.It exhibits various biological activities except anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)activity.In this study,we investigated the main components and anti-TMV activity of PEO,identified its primary active components,and examined its mode of action.The results indicated that PEO exhibited anti-TMV activity(65.58%)at 800μg/mL,with perillaldehyde identified as the main active component.The protective,curative,and inactivation activities of perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL were 80.41%,73.42%,and 34.93%,respectively.These values were significantly higher than those of the control drug(commercial chitosan oligosaccharide)and the protective and curative activities were superior to those of ningnanmycin.The results of the mode of action showed that perillaldehyde induced a hypersensitive response(HR)in tobacco.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)observation revealed that perillaldehyde had no direct effect on TMV particles.The treatment of Nicotiana glutinosa with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL indicated that perillaldehyde had significant induction activity(58.46%).The expression of three pathogenesis-related tobacco genes(PR genes),including nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1(NPR1),pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene(PR1),and pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene(PR5),were induced and upregulated by perillaldehyde treatment.Perillaldehyde also induced the overexpression of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene(PAL),respiratory burst oxidase homolog B gene(RBOHB),and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase gene 1(POR1).Furthermore,perillaldehyde increased the salicylic acid(SA)and H2O2 contents in tobacco leaves,and enhanced the activities of four defense enzymes:superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL).N.glutinosa was treated with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL for 24 h,and the results showed that the highest SA and H_(2)O_(2) contents(1032.08 pmol/L and 23.40μmol/g FW,respectively)were obtained in tobacco leaves.Defense enzyme activities also reached a maximum at 800μg/mL,and the activities of CAT,PAL,POD,and SOD increased by 1.76,1.95,2.17,and 3.78 times,respectively,compared to the control.The results of the study showed that perillaldehyde may enhance resistance to pathogen infection by inducing systemic acquired resistance(SAR),which may contribute to the activation of SA signal transduction pathway.Therefore,perillaldehyde has the potential for application in agriculture as a novel antiviral agent and immune inducer.展开更多
Essential oils(EOs) are natural, volatile substances derived from aromatic plants. They exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, wit...Essential oils(EOs) are natural, volatile substances derived from aromatic plants. They exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, with broad application prospects in health care, food, and agriculture. However, the instability of volatile components, which are susceptible to deterioration under light,heat, and oxygen exposure, as well as limited water solubility, have significantly impeded the development and application of EOs.Porous nanoclays are natural clay minerals with a layered structure. They possess unique structural characteristics such as large pore size, regular distribution, and tunable particle size, which are extensively utilized in drug delivery, adsorption separation, reaction catalysis, and other fields. Natural-derived porous nanoclays have garnered considerable attention for the encapsulation and delivery of EOs. This review comprehensively summarizes the structure, types, and properties of natural-derived porous nanoclays, focusing on the structural characteristics of porous nanoclays such as montmorillonite, palygorskite, halloysite, kaolinite, vermiculite, and natural zeolite. It also examines research advances in their delivery of EOs and explores engineering strategies to enhance the delivery of EOs by natural-derived porous nanoclays. Finally, various applications of natural-derived porous nanoclays for EOs in antibacterial, food preservation, repellent, and insecticide aspects are presented, providing a reference for the development and application of EOs.展开更多
基金funded by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund[grant number ZDKJ2021012]the National Key R&D Programof China[grant number 2023YFD2300801]received by Fei Qiaothe Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-751),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saud Arabia.
文摘Mango(Mangifera indica L.cv.‘Keitt’)is one of the core fruit delicacies produced by China.During the post-harvest storage span,the fungal pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides readily invades the fruits and leads to a significant overall yield loss.In recent years of development,the exploitation of naturally occurring fungitoxic compounds such as Sandalwood Essential Oil(SEO)has been useful in tackling various fungal species.This study demonstrates the potential of SEO as part of a storage protection strategy against C.gloeosporioides-induced postharvest anthracnose.SEO displayed a relatively higher mycelial growth inhibition rate when compared to various other essential oils.Furthermore,the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration(MIC),Minimum Fungicidal Concentration(MFC),and EC_(50)(Half maximal effective concentration)of SEO were determined to be 2000,2500,and 610.38μL/L,respectively.Moreover,the chitosan glutamate-SEO emulsion controlled the anthracnose spread for several days by multiple folds at½MIC,MIC,and 2 MIC concentrations.These results strongly support the potential for largescale production and application of SEO emulsions by agrochemical firms and post-harvest storage facilities handling Keitt mangoes.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project(82104952)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Medical Innovation Research Special Fund(21Y11923600,23Y11921600)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Fund(202140172)Yueyang Hospital Translational Medicine Research Institute Level Fund(2024yyzh05)Yueyang Hospital Young Talent Training Project(RY411.07.02.04).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited.The participants in the control group(n=52)were offered a placebo(sunflower oil)daily,whereas those in the essential oil group(n=52)were administered Sanhua essential oil.This study evaluated depression improvement,Hamilton Depression Scale score,scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score,incidence of nausea and vomiting,and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Depression improved by 48.1%and 21.2%in the essential oil and control groups,respectively(P=.010).The Hamilton Depression Scale score(P=.017),scores for symptoms in TCM(P=.002),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(nausea in the acute phase,P=.017;nausea in the delayed phase,P=.039;vomiting in the acute phase,P=.008;vomiting in the delayed phase,P=.081).The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(P=.005).Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus,right precuneus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion:Inhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer,improved sleep quality,relieved TCM symptoms,reduced nausea and vomiting,and regulated activities in the brain regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871778,31801468,and 32072201)Foshan Social Field Technology R&D Special Program(2120001008478)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(202201011762)State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(SZ2024KF05)。
文摘Semen Platycladi(SP)is the dried ripe kernel of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco,has been used for insomnia treatment for bimillennium in China,which mechanism is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to explore the sleep-promoting mechanism of essential oil and saponins from SP.As 2 main bioactive constituents of SP,essential oil(SPO)and saponin(SPS)were extracted,then was given to p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia mice by intragastric administration.Then,the behavioral tests,neurotransmitter receptors,cytokines and hormone in brain were investigated.Behavior test showed that SPO and SPS exhibited sleep-enhancing effect through suppressing depression,shortening the onset time while prolonging the sleep duration in insomnia mice.Also SPO and SPS up-regulated serotonin(5-HT)receptors in serotonergic neurons,increased glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD)content in GABAergic neurons,and stimulatedγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors expression to enhance the synaptic inhibition.Moreover,they could down-regulated the cytokines and rebalanced hormone expressions.Although both SPO and SPS exerted sleep-promoting,they had different focusing targets.SPS had stronger effect on neurotransmitter receptors regulation while SPO had better hormone rebalanced ability.Briefly,SPO and SPS exerted sedative-hypnotic effect in insomnia mice through modulating multi-targets in serotonergic and GABAergic system.
文摘Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction process for Fructus Ligustri Lucidi essential oil(FLLO)to develop an efficient and practical extraction method.Additionally,the chemical composition of FLLO was analyzed,and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxic activities were evaluated.FLLO was extracted using supercritical CO_(2) extraction,and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters:pressure of 16 MPa,temperature of 40℃,and extraction time of 40 min.The main components of the essential oil were identified through GC-MS analysis.Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays,demonstrating that FLLO exhibited strong antioxidant properties,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate exceeding 80%.In antimicrobial tests,FLLO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations greater than 25 mg/mL.Additionally,cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLLO enhanced the proliferation of LO2 cells.In conclusion,FLLO,extracted using supercritical CO_(2),demonstrates excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,as well as favorable cell safety,supporting its potential for further development and application of Ligustrum lucidum.
文摘Essential thrombocythemia is classified as a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets stemming from a megakaryocytic clone. The diagnosis primarily relies on bone marrow biopsy findings and the detection of the JAK2 V617F mutation, after the exclusion of secondary thrombocytosis due to conditions such as inflammation, hemolysis, infection, and iron deficiency. On the other hand, Ulcerative colitis represents an inflammatory disorder of the colon. The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is established through clinical assessment, endoscopic examination, and histological criteria, without a discernible alternative etiology. The concomitant occurrence of these two conditions is infrequent. We present the case of an 85-year-old patient with a history of essential thrombocythemia who exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms characterized by alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation. A subsequent colonoscopy accompanied by a biopsy revealed histological features consistent with ulcerative colitis. The patient was administered cytoreductive therapy in combination with mesalazine, resulting in favorable outcomes. Current literature addressing this association is limited, indicating the need for further investigative studies to elucidate the causal relationships between these two pathologies and to achieve improved therapeutic management strategies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20523,U23A20242)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD1801000).
文摘Salmonellosis represents a global epidemic,and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Salmonella and its sustained transmission worldwide constitutes a significant public health concern.Flagellum-mediated motility serves as a crucial virulence trait of Salmonella that guides the pathogen toward the epithelial surface,enhancing gut colonization.Artemisia argyit essential oil,a traditional herb extract,demonstrates efficacy in treating inflammationrelated symptoms and diseases;however,its effects on flagellum assembly and expression mechanisms in anti-Salmonella activity remain inadequately explored.This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which Artemisia argyit essential oil addresses Salmonella infections.Network pharmacological analysis revealed that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Artemisia argyit exhibited anti-Salmonella infection potential and inhibited flagellum-dependent motility.The application of Artemisia argyit essential oil induced notable motility defects through the downregulation of flagellar and fimbriae expression.Moreover,it significantly reduced Salmonella-infected cell damage by interfering with flagellum-mediated Salmonella colonization.In vivo studies demonstrated that Artemisia argyit essential oil administration effectively alleviated Salmonella infection symptoms by reducing bacterial loads,inhibiting interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)production,and diminishing pathological injury.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis identified forty-three compounds in Artemisia argyit essential oil,with their corresponding targets and active ingredients predicted.Investigation of an in vivo model of Salmonella infection using the active ingredient demonstrated that alpha-cedrene ameliorated Salmonella infection.These findings suggest the potential application of Artemisia argyit essential oil in controlling Salmonella,the predominant food-borne pathogen.
文摘BACKGROUND Since non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with abnormal liver function tests,treatment recommendations aim to reduce the level of known markers of liver inflammation,such as alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT).Essential phospholipids(EPLs)have been shown to reduce levels of these liver enzymes and improve ultrasonographic features.While non-invasive diagnostic tests have been developed to stage inflammation,these tests were not specifically designed to evaluate patients with NAFLD.This highlights the need to describe the liver enzyme profile across the different levels of NAFLD severity for improved grading and staging of NAFLD.AIM To describe liver enzyme profiles across NAFLD severity to inform a diagnostic staging algorithm and identify who may benefit from EPLs.METHODS This post-hoc analysis of the observational MANPOWER study included 2843 adult patients with newly diagnosed NAFLD.The primary endpoint was assessment of baseline liver enzyme profiles.Secondary endpoints were effectiveness of Essentiale®(an EPL)on liver enzyme levels and ultrasonography findings across three definitions of NAFLD:(1)Statistical distribution of liver enzyme levels;(2)MANPOWER cut-offs;and(3)Presence of physiciandiagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.The best performing algorithm was used to describe the risk factors and profiles associated with increased liver enzyme levels.RESULTS Of the 2843 patients included in this post-hoc analysis,most were female(62.2%),with a mean age of 48.4 years(SD 8.59 years).Overall,mean levels of ALT,AST and GGT increased with NAFLD severity for all three subgroups,with the rate of chronic comorbidities correlated with NAFLD severity.Across each subgroup of interest,Essentiale significantly reduced average liver enzyme levels and improved ultrasonography features,including diffuse liver hyperechogenicity and heterogeneous liver structure(P<0.05),with greater benefit associated with increased severity.Compared with all algorithms tested,the algorithm based on the statistical distribution of liver enzymes displayed the highest accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for the grading and staging of NAFLD and could form the basis of a diagnostic algorithm.CONCLUSION Liver enzyme profiles may identify NAFLD severity and allow monitoring of therapeutic response.Essentiale may improve liver enzyme levels and ultrasonography features.An algorithm could aid in the diagnosis/staging of NAFLD.
文摘Background: The availability of essential medicines and medical supplies is crucial for effectively delivering healthcare services. In Zambia, the Logistics Management Information System (LMIS) is a key tool for managing the supply chain of these commodities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LMIS in ensuring the availability of essential medicines and medical supplies in public hospitals in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Materials and Methods: From February to April 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 public hospitals across the Copperbelt Province. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, checklists, and stock control cards. The study assessed LMIS availability, training, and knowledge among pharmacy personnel, as well as data accuracy, product availability, and order fill rates. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: All surveyed hospitals had LMIS implemented and were using eLMIS as the primary LMIS. Only 47% and 48% of pharmacy personnel received training in eLMIS and Essential Medicines Logistics Improvement Program (EMLIP), respectively. Most personnel demonstrated good knowledge of LMIS, with 77.7% able to log in to eLMIS Facility Edition, 76.6% able to locate stock control cards in the system, and 78.7% able to perform transactions. However, data accuracy from physical and electronic records varied from 0% to 60%, and product availability ranged from 50% to 80%. Order fill rates from Zambia Medicines and Medical Supplies Agency (ZAMMSA) were consistently below 30%. Discrepancies were observed between physical stock counts and eLMIS records. Conclusion: This study found that most hospitals in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia have implemented LMIS use. While LMIS implementation is high in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia, challenges such as low training levels, data inaccuracies, low product availability, and order fill rates persist. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including capacity building, data quality improvement, supply chain coordination, and investment in infrastructure and human resources. Strengthening LMIS effectiveness is crucial for improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes in Zambia.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0501303).
文摘The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in treating Eimeria tenella infection in broilers.Broiers,at the age of 14 d,were orally infected with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts,and then,eugenol essential oil was added to chicken feed at three different dosages(0.1,0.2 or 0.4 g/kg).The anticoccidial effects of eugenol essential oil were assessed using the anticoccidial index(ACI).As a result,eugenol exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect,with an ACI of 167.37 at 0.2 g/kg.After eugenol treatment,the expression of occludin in the epithelial cells of the chicken cecum was significantly greater(P<0.05)than that in the epithelial cells of the nontreated control(IC)group.The proportion of intestinal Lactobacillus_agilli increased.Eugenol therapy dramatically increased the activity of superoxide dismutase.After high-dose treatment,the expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-6 significantly decreased,while the expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γsignificantly increased.The safety of eugenol essential oil was evaluated at the 1,3 or 6 recommended doses.Overall,no significant differences were detected in the blood tests or serum biochemistry of the chickens between the treatment groups and the control group.As a result,eugenol essential oil can cure chicken coccidiosis by improving the intestinal microbial structure in the chicken cecum and decreasing the cecum's inflammatory reactions,thus strengthening immune function and eventually demonstrating anticoccidial properties.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guangdong Province(202310580005)Youth Project of Zhaoqing University(QN202443)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26).
文摘This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.
文摘This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and CMCS structures,with CMCS showing increased H-bonding.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS.CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water,enabling nanoemulsion formation.Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1,showing a particle size of 99 nm.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure,transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1.Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy.These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.
基金Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology(HCMUT),VNU-HCM for supporting this study.
文摘Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations by formulating a double nano-emulsion(W/O/W)system incorporating macadamia oil and tea tree oil,using homogenization and phase inversion temperature(PIT)techniques.Comprehensive physicochemical charac-terization,including droplet size,polydispersity index(PDI),zeta potential,turbidity,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and SEM,was conducted alongside stability assessments under varying pH,temperature,and storage conditions.The optimized nano-emulsions exhibited nanoscale droplet sizes(10-40 nm),low PDI values(indicating high uniformity),and robust stability.Interestingly,the formulation with 2%W/O loading,with a particle size of 11.57 nm and a PDI of 0.04,demonstrated an antioxidant capacity of 4622.62μg ascorbic acid equivalents(AA)/g,which was significantly higher(p<0.05)compared to both natural oils(macadamia oil:20.91μg AA/g,tea tree oil:16.86μg AA/g)and a 10%Vitamin C aqueous solution(592.94μg AA/g).FTIR analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of Vitamin C and its successful encapsulation with macadamia and tea tree oils,while SEM images revealed uniformly spherical and well-dispersed droplets.Moreover,the formulation retained its structural integrity and antioxidant functionality under diverse pH and thermal conditions.These findings underscore the potential of double nano-emulsion systems to overcome the stability challenges of Vitamin C,offering a promising approach to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic performance in phar-maceutical and cosmetic applications.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1202600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82301158)+4 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant No.22015820100)Two-hundred Talent Support(Grant No.20152224)Translational Medicine Innovation Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(Grant No.TM201915)Clinical Research Project of Multi-Disciplinary Team,Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(Grant No.201914)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M742332)。
文摘Essential proteins are crucial for biological processes and can be identified through both experimental and computational methods.While experimental approaches are highly accurate,they often demand extensive time and resources.To address these challenges,we present a computational ensemble learning framework designed to identify essential proteins more efficiently.Our method begins by using node2vec to transform proteins in the protein–protein interaction(PPI)network into continuous,low-dimensional vectors.We also extract a range of features from protein sequences,including graph-theory-based,information-based,compositional,and physiochemical attributes.Additionally,we leverage deep learning techniques to analyze high-dimensional position-specific scoring matrices(PSSMs)and capture evolutionary information.We then combine these features for classification using various machine learning algorithms.To enhance performance,we integrate the outputs of these algorithms through ensemble methods such as voting,weighted averaging,and stacking.This approach effectively addresses data imbalances and improves both robustness and accuracy.Our ensemble learning framework achieves an AUC of 0.960 and an accuracy of 0.9252,outperforming other computational methods.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately identifying essential proteins and highlight its superior feature extraction capabilities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11861045 and 62162040)。
文摘Essential proteins are an indispensable part of cells and play an extremely significant role in genetic disease diagnosis and drug development.Therefore,the prediction of essential proteins has received extensive attention from researchers.Many centrality methods and machine learning algorithms have been proposed to predict essential proteins.Nevertheless,the topological characteristics learned by the centrality method are not comprehensive enough,resulting in low accuracy.In addition,machine learning algorithms need sufficient prior knowledge to select features,and the ability to solve imbalanced classification problems needs to be further strengthened.These two factors greatly affect the performance of predicting essential proteins.In this paper,we propose a deep learning framework based on temporal convolutional networks to predict essential proteins by integrating gene expression data and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.We make use of the method of network embedding to automatically learn more abundant features of proteins in the PPI network.For gene expression data,we treat it as sequence data,and use temporal convolutional networks to extract sequence features.Finally,the two types of features are integrated and put into the multi-layer neural network to complete the final classification task.The performance of our method is evaluated by comparing with seven centrality methods,six machine learning algorithms,and two deep learning models.The results of the experiment show that our method is more effective than the comparison methods for predicting essential proteins.
基金Supported by The Science Foundation of 925th Hospital,No.2023[3]and No.2022[3/4]The Guizhou Provincial Health Commission Science and Technology Fund,No.gzwkj2023-135。
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiovascular health(CVH)plays a crucial role in overall health,but its association with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the relationship between CVH,measured using Life’s Essential 8(LE8)and Life’s Simple 7(LS7),and the prevalence of MAFLD.METHODS This cross-sectional study had a sample of 2234 individuals,representing approximately 120 million individuals in the United States.Baseline parameters were compared between the LE8 and LS7 groups.Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between LE8,LS7,and MAFLD,while taking into account confounding factors.The investigation employed restricted cubic splines to investigate non-linear associations.Subgroup analyses and sensitivity studies were performed to evaluate the strength and reliability of the results.RESULTS Higher LE8 and LS7 scores were significantly associated with a decreased risk of MAFLD,even after controlling for demographic,socioeconomic,and clinical variables.This association demonstrated a non-linear pattern,with the most dramatic risk reduction observed at higher CVH levels.Individual CVH components,notably healthy behaviors and factors,exhibited strong relationships with MAFLD.Subgroup analyses indicated consistent relationships across several demographics.Sensitivity tests utilizing other MAFLD definitions validated the robustness of the findings.CONCLUSION Higher adherence to CVH criteria,as indicated by LE8 and LS7 scores,is associated with a significantly lower risk of MAFLD.These results emphasize the need to advance CVH to control and avoid MAFLD.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFD1300400)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010944)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202201011730).
文摘Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.
基金supported by the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province and Funding for University Reform,Development in Hunan Province in 2023(Grant number:202331)Funding for Discipline Building at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine.
文摘Background Scraping therapy is widely used in treating stage I and II essential hypertension in China.However,there has been no systematic evaluation of the efficacy of scraping therapy on blood pressure and sleep quality in stage I and II essential hypertension.Search strategy Seven electronic databases(PubMed,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data electronic databases)were searched from inception to December 2022.Based on the principle of combining subject words with text words,the search strategy was constructed around search terms for“scraping therapy,”“scraping,”“Guasha,”“Gua sha,”“hypertension,”and“high blood pressure”during the database searches.Inclusion criteria Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included if they recruited patients with stage I and II essential hypertension and included a scraping therapy intervention.The intervention group received antihypertensive drugs and scraping therapy,while the control group only took antihypertensive drugs.Data extraction and analysis Review Manager 5.4.0 and STATA 15.1 were used to enter all the relevant outcome variables to conduct the meta-analysis.The quality of the selected RCTs was assessed using the PEDro scale.The sensitivity analysis was carried out by iteratively excluding individual studies and repeating the analysis to determine the stability of the findings and identify any studies with greater influence on the outcome.Subgroup analysis was performed to find the source of heterogeneity.Funnel plots were used to evaluate the publication bias of included studies.Results Nine RCTs including 765 participants were selected.Meta-analysis showed that scraping therapy combined with medication had an advantage over the use of medication alone in lowering systolic blood pressure(mean difference[MD]=?5.09,95%confidence interval[CI]=?6.50 to?3.67,P<0.001)and diastolic blood pressure(MD=?2.66,95%CI=?3.17 to?2.14,P<0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that scraping therapy improved sleep quality in middle-aged patients with hypertension,but the efficacy was better in elderly patients(MD=?7.91,95%CI=?8.65 to?7.16,P<0.001)than in middle-aged patients(MD=?2.67,95%CI=?4.12 to?1.21,P=0.0003).Conclusion The available evidence indicates that scraping therapy has significant effects on patients with stage I and II hypertension,and it improves sleep quality for elderly patients with hypertension better than for middle-aged ones.Scraping therapy can be an adjunctive treatment for stage I and II essential hypertension.However,further high-quality studies are needed to verify its effectiveness and the best therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFD1801000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31772798, 31970507, 81861138046, and 31902321)。
文摘Aniba rosaeodora essential oil(RO) has been traditionally used in natural medicine as a substitute for antibiotics due to its notable antidepressant and antibacterial properties. Salmonella, a prevalent pathogen in foodborne illnesses, presents a major challenge to current antibiotic treatments. However, the antibacterial efficacy and mechanisms of action of RO against Salmonella spp. remain underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the chemical composition of RO, evaluate its antibacterial activity and mechanisms against Salmonella in vitro, and further delineate its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in vivo during Salmonella infection. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was utilized to characterize the chemical constituents of RO. The antibacterial activity of RO was assessed using minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and time-kill assays. Various biochemical assays were employed to uncover the potential bactericidal mechanisms. Additionally, mouse and chick models of Salmonella infection were established to investigate the prophylactic effects of RO treatment. RO exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with an MIC of 4 mg·mL^(-1) for Salmonella spp. RO treatment resulted in bacterial damage through the disruption of lipid and purine metabolism. Moreover, RO reduced injury and microbial colonization in infected mice and chicks. RO treatment also modulated the host inflammatory response by inhibiting proinflammatory pathways. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that RO is effective against Salmonella infection, highlighting its potential as an alternative to antibiotics for antibacterial therapy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072444)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32060429)the key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022D01D44).
文摘Perilla essential oil(PEO)is reported as an aromatic yellowish oily substance with a volatile odor extracted from perilla leaves.It exhibits various biological activities except anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)activity.In this study,we investigated the main components and anti-TMV activity of PEO,identified its primary active components,and examined its mode of action.The results indicated that PEO exhibited anti-TMV activity(65.58%)at 800μg/mL,with perillaldehyde identified as the main active component.The protective,curative,and inactivation activities of perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL were 80.41%,73.42%,and 34.93%,respectively.These values were significantly higher than those of the control drug(commercial chitosan oligosaccharide)and the protective and curative activities were superior to those of ningnanmycin.The results of the mode of action showed that perillaldehyde induced a hypersensitive response(HR)in tobacco.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)observation revealed that perillaldehyde had no direct effect on TMV particles.The treatment of Nicotiana glutinosa with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL indicated that perillaldehyde had significant induction activity(58.46%).The expression of three pathogenesis-related tobacco genes(PR genes),including nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1(NPR1),pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene(PR1),and pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene(PR5),were induced and upregulated by perillaldehyde treatment.Perillaldehyde also induced the overexpression of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene(PAL),respiratory burst oxidase homolog B gene(RBOHB),and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase gene 1(POR1).Furthermore,perillaldehyde increased the salicylic acid(SA)and H2O2 contents in tobacco leaves,and enhanced the activities of four defense enzymes:superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL).N.glutinosa was treated with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL for 24 h,and the results showed that the highest SA and H_(2)O_(2) contents(1032.08 pmol/L and 23.40μmol/g FW,respectively)were obtained in tobacco leaves.Defense enzyme activities also reached a maximum at 800μg/mL,and the activities of CAT,PAL,POD,and SOD increased by 1.76,1.95,2.17,and 3.78 times,respectively,compared to the control.The results of the study showed that perillaldehyde may enhance resistance to pathogen infection by inducing systemic acquired resistance(SAR),which may contribute to the activation of SA signal transduction pathway.Therefore,perillaldehyde has the potential for application in agriculture as a novel antiviral agent and immune inducer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82474087, 82274108)the Young Qihuang Scholar Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the State (No. 2022256)+1 种基金Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program (No.CXTD22006)Jiangxi Province 2023 Graduate Innovation Special Fund Project (No. YC2023-S793)。
文摘Essential oils(EOs) are natural, volatile substances derived from aromatic plants. They exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, with broad application prospects in health care, food, and agriculture. However, the instability of volatile components, which are susceptible to deterioration under light,heat, and oxygen exposure, as well as limited water solubility, have significantly impeded the development and application of EOs.Porous nanoclays are natural clay minerals with a layered structure. They possess unique structural characteristics such as large pore size, regular distribution, and tunable particle size, which are extensively utilized in drug delivery, adsorption separation, reaction catalysis, and other fields. Natural-derived porous nanoclays have garnered considerable attention for the encapsulation and delivery of EOs. This review comprehensively summarizes the structure, types, and properties of natural-derived porous nanoclays, focusing on the structural characteristics of porous nanoclays such as montmorillonite, palygorskite, halloysite, kaolinite, vermiculite, and natural zeolite. It also examines research advances in their delivery of EOs and explores engineering strategies to enhance the delivery of EOs by natural-derived porous nanoclays. Finally, various applications of natural-derived porous nanoclays for EOs in antibacterial, food preservation, repellent, and insecticide aspects are presented, providing a reference for the development and application of EOs.
