Neural stem cell is presently the research hotspot in neuroscience. Recent progress indicates that epigenetic modulation is closely related to the self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cell. Epigenetics refe...Neural stem cell is presently the research hotspot in neuroscience. Recent progress indicates that epigenetic modulation is closely related to the self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cell. Epigenetics refer to the study of mitotical/meiotical heritage changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, genomic imprinting, and non-coding RNA. In this review, we focus on the new insights into the epigenetic mechanism for neural stem cells fate.展开更多
Worldwide, colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immun...Worldwide, colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the prognosis for CRC patients remains poor. Furthermore, the occurrence of side effects and toxicities severely limits the clinical use of these therapies. Therefore, alternative medications with high efficacy but few side effects are needed. An increasing number of modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials have supported the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) for the prevention and treatment of CRC.CHMs may be able to effectively reduce the risk of CRC, alleviate the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy, and prolong the survival time of patients with advanced CRC. Studies of molecular mechanisms have provided deeper insight into the roles of molecules from CHMs in treating CRC. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC, the main molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, the role of CHMs in modulating chemotherapyinduced adverse reactions, and CHM's potential role in epigenetic regulation of CRC. The current study provides beneficial information on the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the clinic,and suggests novel directions for new drug discovery against CRC.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with abnormal genetic changes. The pituitary tumor-derived transforming gene (PTTG) is considered to be implicated in the tumorigenesis of cancers when the gene i...BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with abnormal genetic changes. The pituitary tumor-derived transforming gene (PTTG) is considered to be implicated in the tumorigenesis of cancers when the gene is epigenetically transformed. In this study, we investigated the relationships between aberrant expression and epigenetic changes of the PTTG1 gene in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We chose 4 cell lines (PANC-1, Colo357, T3M-4 and PancTu I) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues. After using restriction isoschizomer endonucleases (Msp I /Hpa II) to digest the DNA sequence (5'-CCGG-3'), we performed PCR reaction to amplify the product. And RT-PCR was applied to determine the gene expression. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of the PTTG1 gene was higher in pancreatic tumor than in normal tissue. The gene was also expressed in the 4 PDAC cell lines. The methylation states of the upstream regions of the PTTG1 gene were almost identical in normal, tumor pancreatic tissues and the 4 PDAC cell lines. Some (5'-CCGG-3') areas in the upstream region of PTTG1 were methylated, while some others were unmethylated. CONCLUSIONS: The oncogene PTTG1 was overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissues and verified by RT-PCR detection. The methylation status of DNA in promoter areas was involved in the gene expression with the help of other factors in pancreatic cancer.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions （HDs） of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis （HC-30） and Marsdenia condurango ...OBJECTIVE： Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions （HDs） of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis （HC-30） and Marsdenia condurango （Condu-30）, diluted 106o times, were analyzed against placebo 30C （PI-30） for alterations in gene profiles linked to epigenetic modifications. METHODS： Separate groups of cells were subjected to treatment of Condu-30, HC-30, and PI- 30 prepared by serial dilutions and succussions. Global microarray data recorded on Affymetrix platform, using 25-mer probes were provided by iLifeDiscoveries, India. Slides were scanned with 3000 7G microarray scanner and raw data sets were extracted from Cel （raw intensity） files. Analyses of global microarray data profile, differential gene expression, fold change and clusters were made using GeneSpring GX12.5 software and standard normalization procedure. Before microarray study, concentration of RNA （ng/IJL）, RIN value and rRNA ratio for all the samples were analysed by Agilant Bioanalyzer 2100. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and quantitative RT- PCR were done for analyzing SMAD-4 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting study was further made to elucidate fate of cells at divisional stages. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay was conducted for ascertaining methylation status of DNA at specific sites. RESULTS： HDs of HC-30 and Condu-30 differentially altered methylation in specific regions of DNA and expression profiles of certain genes linked to carcinogenesis, as compared to PI-30. Two separate cut sites were found in genomic DNA of untreated and placebo-treated HeLa cells when digested with McrBC, compared to a single cut observed in Condu-30-treated genomic DNA. SMAD-4 gene expression validated the expression pattern observed in microarray profile. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay elucidated differential epigenetic modifications in drug-treated and control cells. CONCLUSION： HDs triggered epigenetic modifications and alterations in microarray gene expression profiles of many genes associated with carcinogenesis in HeLa cells in vitro.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is closely related to epigenetic abnormality. The epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 gene (ECT2) plays a critical role in Rho activation during cytokinesis, and thus may play a role ...BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is closely related to epigenetic abnormality. The epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 gene (ECT2) plays a critical role in Rho activation during cytokinesis, and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationships between aberrant expression and epigenetic changes of the ECT2 gene in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Four cell lines (PANC-1, Colo357, T3M-4 and PancTu I) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues were used for mRNA detection. After restriction isoschizomer endonucleases (Msp I/Hpa II) were used to digest the DNA sequence (5'-CCGG-3'), PCR was made to amplify the product. And RT-PCR was applied to determine the expression of the gene. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of the ECT2 gene was higher in pancreatic tumor tissue than in normal tissue. The gene was also expressed in the 4 PDAC cell lines. The methylation states of the upstream regions of the ECT2 gene were almost identical in normal, tumor pancreatic tissues, and the 4 PDAC cell lines. Some of the 5'-CCGG-3' areas in the upstream region of ECT2 were methylated, while others were unmethylated. CONCLUSIONS: The oncogene ECT2 is overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissues as verified by RT-PCR detection. The methylation status of DNA in promoter areas is involved in the gene expression, along with other factors, in pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)is associated with adverse metabolic outcomes during adulthood.Histone modifications and changes in DNA methylation-affected genes are important for fetal development.Th...Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)is associated with adverse metabolic outcomes during adulthood.Histone modifications and changes in DNA methylation-affected genes are important for fetal development.This study aimed to investigate the epigenetic mechanisms in IUGR.Methods:IUGR models were established in Sprague–Dawley rats using a maternal nutritional restriction approach during pregnancy.The abundance of insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2),phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),AKT serine/threonine kinase 2(AKT2),and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC-1α)was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting analysis.Chromatin immunoprecipitation RT-PCR was employed to analyze histone modification in CCCTC-binding factor(CTCF)1–4 binding sites of the Igf2/H19 imprinting control region(ICR).The methylation states of CTCF1–4 binding sites were studied by pyrosequencing.Results:The IUGR models were constructed successfully.Igf2 mRNA abundance in the placenta,fetal liver,and newborn liver was decreased in the IUGR group(P<0.01).Meanwhile,as compared with the control group,the expression levels of AKT2,PI3K,and PGC-1αwere lower in newborn and 8-week-old livers in the IUGR group(P<0.05).In addition,knocking down Igf2 reduced the protein expression levels of AKT2-phosphorylation and PGC-1α(P<0.05).In CTCF binding sites 1-4 of the Igf2/H19 ICR,acetylated histones H3(AcH3)enrichment was significantly lower in CTCF1-3 in newborn and 8-week-old IUGR rats.Histone H3 tri-methylated lysine 4(H3K4me3)enrichment was significantly lower in the CTCF1–4 of newborn and 8-week-old IUGR groups(P<0.01).H3K9me2 enrichment was significantly higher in the IUGR group(P<0.01).The CpG dinucleotide methylation levels of CTCF1 and CTCF3,but not those of CTCF2 and CTCF4 binding sites in IUGR rat fetal,4-week old,and 8-week-old livers decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion:The methylation status and histone modification in the Igf2/H19 ICR are related to growth and lipid metabolism via the PGC-1α/PI3K/AKT2 pathway in IUGR rats.展开更多
文摘Neural stem cell is presently the research hotspot in neuroscience. Recent progress indicates that epigenetic modulation is closely related to the self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cell. Epigenetics refer to the study of mitotical/meiotical heritage changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, genomic imprinting, and non-coding RNA. In this review, we focus on the new insights into the epigenetic mechanism for neural stem cells fate.
基金supported by the grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703803 and 81720108033)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No. 2017A030310464),which paid for planning and collection of literature+1 种基金by the Project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (No. QNYC20190103)Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine (No.2018B030322011),which paid for writing and submitting the article for publication。
文摘Worldwide, colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the prognosis for CRC patients remains poor. Furthermore, the occurrence of side effects and toxicities severely limits the clinical use of these therapies. Therefore, alternative medications with high efficacy but few side effects are needed. An increasing number of modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials have supported the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) for the prevention and treatment of CRC.CHMs may be able to effectively reduce the risk of CRC, alleviate the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy, and prolong the survival time of patients with advanced CRC. Studies of molecular mechanisms have provided deeper insight into the roles of molecules from CHMs in treating CRC. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC, the main molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, the role of CHMs in modulating chemotherapyinduced adverse reactions, and CHM's potential role in epigenetic regulation of CRC. The current study provides beneficial information on the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the clinic,and suggests novel directions for new drug discovery against CRC.
文摘BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with abnormal genetic changes. The pituitary tumor-derived transforming gene (PTTG) is considered to be implicated in the tumorigenesis of cancers when the gene is epigenetically transformed. In this study, we investigated the relationships between aberrant expression and epigenetic changes of the PTTG1 gene in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We chose 4 cell lines (PANC-1, Colo357, T3M-4 and PancTu I) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues. After using restriction isoschizomer endonucleases (Msp I /Hpa II) to digest the DNA sequence (5'-CCGG-3'), we performed PCR reaction to amplify the product. And RT-PCR was applied to determine the gene expression. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of the PTTG1 gene was higher in pancreatic tumor than in normal tissue. The gene was also expressed in the 4 PDAC cell lines. The methylation states of the upstream regions of the PTTG1 gene were almost identical in normal, tumor pancreatic tissues and the 4 PDAC cell lines. Some (5'-CCGG-3') areas in the upstream region of PTTG1 were methylated, while some others were unmethylated. CONCLUSIONS: The oncogene PTTG1 was overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissues and verified by RT-PCR detection. The methylation status of DNA in promoter areas was involved in the gene expression with the help of other factors in pancreatic cancer.
基金financially supported by Boiron Laboratories,Lyon,FranceEmeritus Fellowship of UGC granted to ARKB
文摘OBJECTIVE： Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions （HDs） of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis （HC-30） and Marsdenia condurango （Condu-30）, diluted 106o times, were analyzed against placebo 30C （PI-30） for alterations in gene profiles linked to epigenetic modifications. METHODS： Separate groups of cells were subjected to treatment of Condu-30, HC-30, and PI- 30 prepared by serial dilutions and succussions. Global microarray data recorded on Affymetrix platform, using 25-mer probes were provided by iLifeDiscoveries, India. Slides were scanned with 3000 7G microarray scanner and raw data sets were extracted from Cel （raw intensity） files. Analyses of global microarray data profile, differential gene expression, fold change and clusters were made using GeneSpring GX12.5 software and standard normalization procedure. Before microarray study, concentration of RNA （ng/IJL）, RIN value and rRNA ratio for all the samples were analysed by Agilant Bioanalyzer 2100. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and quantitative RT- PCR were done for analyzing SMAD-4 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting study was further made to elucidate fate of cells at divisional stages. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay was conducted for ascertaining methylation status of DNA at specific sites. RESULTS： HDs of HC-30 and Condu-30 differentially altered methylation in specific regions of DNA and expression profiles of certain genes linked to carcinogenesis, as compared to PI-30. Two separate cut sites were found in genomic DNA of untreated and placebo-treated HeLa cells when digested with McrBC, compared to a single cut observed in Condu-30-treated genomic DNA. SMAD-4 gene expression validated the expression pattern observed in microarray profile. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay elucidated differential epigenetic modifications in drug-treated and control cells. CONCLUSION： HDs triggered epigenetic modifications and alterations in microarray gene expression profiles of many genes associated with carcinogenesis in HeLa cells in vitro.
文摘BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is closely related to epigenetic abnormality. The epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 gene (ECT2) plays a critical role in Rho activation during cytokinesis, and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationships between aberrant expression and epigenetic changes of the ECT2 gene in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Four cell lines (PANC-1, Colo357, T3M-4 and PancTu I) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues were used for mRNA detection. After restriction isoschizomer endonucleases (Msp I/Hpa II) were used to digest the DNA sequence (5'-CCGG-3'), PCR was made to amplify the product. And RT-PCR was applied to determine the expression of the gene. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of the ECT2 gene was higher in pancreatic tumor tissue than in normal tissue. The gene was also expressed in the 4 PDAC cell lines. The methylation states of the upstream regions of the ECT2 gene were almost identical in normal, tumor pancreatic tissues, and the 4 PDAC cell lines. Some of the 5'-CCGG-3' areas in the upstream region of ECT2 were methylated, while others were unmethylated. CONCLUSIONS: The oncogene ECT2 is overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissues as verified by RT-PCR detection. The methylation status of DNA in promoter areas is involved in the gene expression, along with other factors, in pancreatic cancer.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Key research and development program(No.2023YFC 2706300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81170627 and 81300555)
文摘Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)is associated with adverse metabolic outcomes during adulthood.Histone modifications and changes in DNA methylation-affected genes are important for fetal development.This study aimed to investigate the epigenetic mechanisms in IUGR.Methods:IUGR models were established in Sprague–Dawley rats using a maternal nutritional restriction approach during pregnancy.The abundance of insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2),phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),AKT serine/threonine kinase 2(AKT2),and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC-1α)was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting analysis.Chromatin immunoprecipitation RT-PCR was employed to analyze histone modification in CCCTC-binding factor(CTCF)1–4 binding sites of the Igf2/H19 imprinting control region(ICR).The methylation states of CTCF1–4 binding sites were studied by pyrosequencing.Results:The IUGR models were constructed successfully.Igf2 mRNA abundance in the placenta,fetal liver,and newborn liver was decreased in the IUGR group(P<0.01).Meanwhile,as compared with the control group,the expression levels of AKT2,PI3K,and PGC-1αwere lower in newborn and 8-week-old livers in the IUGR group(P<0.05).In addition,knocking down Igf2 reduced the protein expression levels of AKT2-phosphorylation and PGC-1α(P<0.05).In CTCF binding sites 1-4 of the Igf2/H19 ICR,acetylated histones H3(AcH3)enrichment was significantly lower in CTCF1-3 in newborn and 8-week-old IUGR rats.Histone H3 tri-methylated lysine 4(H3K4me3)enrichment was significantly lower in the CTCF1–4 of newborn and 8-week-old IUGR groups(P<0.01).H3K9me2 enrichment was significantly higher in the IUGR group(P<0.01).The CpG dinucleotide methylation levels of CTCF1 and CTCF3,but not those of CTCF2 and CTCF4 binding sites in IUGR rat fetal,4-week old,and 8-week-old livers decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion:The methylation status and histone modification in the Igf2/H19 ICR are related to growth and lipid metabolism via the PGC-1α/PI3K/AKT2 pathway in IUGR rats.
