Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs)are biological enzymes expressed on cell membranes that can influence cellular signaling,and their overexpression in tumor cells makes them a key route to assess relevant tumor processes...Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs)are biological enzymes expressed on cell membranes that can influence cellular signaling,and their overexpression in tumor cells makes them a key route to assess relevant tumor processes.The development of a delivery system that targets and accumulates in RTKs overexpressing-cells at the on-target site is significant for the monitoring of tumor progression and clinical applications through longer tumor site signaling response under low injection frequency.Here,a host-vip nanoscale fluorescent probe SNI@ZIF-8 based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)and a fluorescent probe SNI constructed from receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor was proposed and prepared for targeting RTKs and enabling prolonged fluorescence imaging in vivo.The folded conformation of the probe SNI resulted in low background fluorescence,and the unfolding of the SNI conformation upon insertion of the RTKs active pocket showed significant fluorescence enhancement thus enabling real-time detection of RTKs.The host-vip system SNI@ZIF-8 could release vip molecules due to the presence of the enzyme,emphasizing the reporting of stable fluorescent signals over time under low injection frequency.SNI@ZIF-8 could provide a signal response on the cell membrane of RTKs overexpressing cells without interference from other substances,and provided a longer fluorescent signal than SNI at equivalent number of injections in tumor-bearing mice.The host-vip system SNI@ZIF-8,with its obvious tumor site enrichment ability and clear fluorescence imaging ability,could be successfully applied to the detection of RTKs on cell membranes in biological systems,providing a new strategy for determining the process of tumor development in clinical applications.展开更多
The distributions of framework aluminum(Al)in zeolites critically govern the location and speciation of active copper(Cu)centers,thereby influencing their performance in ammonia selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SC...The distributions of framework aluminum(Al)in zeolites critically govern the location and speciation of active copper(Cu)centers,thereby influencing their performance in ammonia selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR)of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)).Conventional Cu-SSZ-39(Cu-SSZ-39-T)exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability but limited low-temperature activity(150–225℃)due to a low concentration of Al in 8-membered rings(8MRs)that inhibits the formation of active[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species.Herein,an SSZ-39 zeolite synthesized with potassium ions(SSZ-39-K)achieved a significantly higher 8MR Al fraction(37.6%).Density functional theory calculations and H_(2)-temperature-programmed reduction analyses confirmed that the increased 8MR Al population facilitated the formation of[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species.Aged Cu-SSZ-39-K exhibited nearly twice the NO_(x)conversion of aged Cu-SSZ-39-T in the 150–225℃range while maintaining comparable high-temperature activity(250–550℃)under a gas hourly space velocity of 250,000 h^(-1).Enhanced low-temperature performance is particularly beneficial for mitigating NO_(x)emissions during cold-start phase.Moreover,SSZ-39-K was synthesized with a high crystallization yield(~65%),nearly double the highest yield(33%)reported for direct synthesis routes.This work establishes a robust strategy for tailoring Al distributions in SSZ-39 zeolites,offering an effective pathway to improve low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR performance and promote practical implementation.展开更多
Compared to North American shale composition (NASC), REE contents of sediments from the CC area in the Pacific Ocean are obviously high except that cerium has equal content to that of NASC. Three-valence rare earth el...Compared to North American shale composition (NASC), REE contents of sediments from the CC area in the Pacific Ocean are obviously high except that cerium has equal content to that of NASC. Three-valence rare earth elements were completely enriched in phosphate-phase and cerium in iron-phase. Rare earth elements in the sediments were originally derived from seawater. During lithi- genic and minerogenic processes of metalliferous nodules, three-valence rare earth elements in sediments mobilized and incorporated into sediments as authigenous biogenic-apatite, while cerium had change from Ce3+ to Ce4+ and directly precipitated from seawater and entered metalliferous nodules and caused Ce anomalies in REE pattern in sediments.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of reinforced Decoction of Angelicae Sinensis for enriching blood (RDAEB) on the immunity of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Methods Mice were given RDAEB th...Objective To investigate the effect of reinforced Decoction of Angelicae Sinensis for enriching blood (RDAEB) on the immunity of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Methods Mice were given RDAEB through stomach perfusion for 10 d (50 mg/d). Then, RBC-C3bR rate,RBC-IC rate (as the index- es of erythrocyte immunity)and E-rosette forming rate,acidic a-naphthyl acetate esterase positive rate, lymphocyte transformation rate (as the indexes of cellular immunity) of mice were tested. Results RBC-C3Br rate, RBC-IC rat- e,E-rosette forming rate, acidic α-naphthyl acetate esterase positive rate and lymphocyte transformation rate in the Cy-RDAEB group were markedly higher than those in the Cy group (P<0.0l),and returned to the levels of normal group. Conclusion RDAEB is effective in recovering and enhancing cellular and erythrocyte immunity of immuno- suppressed mice.展开更多
In recent years,genome editing with site-specific nucleases,such as ZFN（zinc finger nuclease）,TALEN（transcription activatorlike effector nucleases）,and CRISPR/Cas9（the type II bacterial clustered,regularly inters...In recent years,genome editing with site-specific nucleases,such as ZFN（zinc finger nuclease）,TALEN（transcription activatorlike effector nucleases）,and CRISPR/Cas9（the type II bacterial clustered,regularly interspaced,short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9）,has gained popularity for use in cell lines,animals,and plants（Urnov et al.,2010;Miller et al.,2011;Cong et al.展开更多
Objective:To systemically review the efficacy and safety about the method of enriching qi,activating blood circulation,clearing away dampness and heat combined with western medicine in the therapy of patients with idi...Objective:To systemically review the efficacy and safety about the method of enriching qi,activating blood circulation,clearing away dampness and heat combined with western medicine in the therapy of patients with idiopathy membranous nephropathy(IMN).Methods:We collected the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of enriching qi,activating blood circulation,clearing away dampness and heat for the treatment of IMN from Pub Med,The Cochrane Library,Medline,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biology Medicine disc(CBM),Wanfang Data and Wiper Databases.Bias of risk of retrieval literature was evaluated according to Cochrane Collaboration standard,and Review Manager 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Fourteen trials(836 participants)were included in the meta-analysis.This kind of traditional Chinese method combined with western medicine in the treatment of IMN exerted statistical differences in reducing 24-hour urinary protein[WMD=-0.97,95%CI(-1.30,-0.65),Z=5.86(P<0.00001)]and elevating serum albumin[WMD=3.83,95%CI(2.10,5.57),Z=4.33,P<0.0001],lowering serum cholesterol[WMD=-0.82,95%CI(-1.08,-0.56),Z=6.18,P<0.00001],triglycerides[WMD=-0.39,95%CI(-0.67,-0.11),Z=2.77,P=0.006]and reducing the risk of adverse events[OR=0.29,95%CI[0.16,0.50],Z=4.35,P<0.0001]in the patients with IMN as compared with controls.However,there was no statistically significant difference between the method and controls when combining all trials in serum creatinine[WMD=-5.52,95%CI(-18.06,7.03),Z=0.86,P=0.39],when combining all trials in urea nitrogen[WMD=-0.90,95%CI(-2.22,0.41),Z=1.35,P=0.18].Conclusion:The method of enriching qi,activating blood circulation,clearing away dampness and heat combined with western medicine exerts certain advantages and better safety in treating patients with IMN.However,for the inferiority of the included studies,the conclusion still needs high-quality and large-sample prospective randomized controlled trials to verify.展开更多
[Objectives]To screen out the selenium-enriched Pueraria lobata varieties suitable for cultivation in Guangxi according to the natural selenium-enriching ability of 7 main cultivars.[Methods]Taking 7 main cultivars of...[Objectives]To screen out the selenium-enriched Pueraria lobata varieties suitable for cultivation in Guangxi according to the natural selenium-enriching ability of 7 main cultivars.[Methods]Taking 7 main cultivars of P.lobata in different places as experimental materials,field cultivation was carried out on the selenium-enriched yellow soil in Shanglin County,Nanning City of Guangxi,to study the difference in selenium-enriching ability of different main cultivars and the comparison of selenium content in different parts,as well as the transport mechanism.[Results]Under the condition of soil selenium content of 0.78 mg/kg,the selenium content of the root tubers of the 7 main cultivars all reached the selenium-enrichment standard.The selenium content of a single root tuber of Heping Variety in Teng County,Guangxi was the highest,at 0.061 mg/kg;Guifenge No.1 was the second at 0.055 mg/kg,and the total selenium accumulation per unit area was the largest.The ranking of selenium content in different parts of the same variety was:leaf>vine>head>root tuber.[Conclusions]Guifenge No.1 has the highest yield and the largest total selenium accumulation,so it is the most suitable natural selenium-enriched variety for cultivation.展开更多
Background:To explore active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)and its underlying complex mechanism in treating blood deficiency induced by chemotherapy drug based on network pharmacology and mice experimental valida...Background:To explore active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)and its underlying complex mechanism in treating blood deficiency induced by chemotherapy drug based on network pharmacology and mice experimental validation.Methods:Active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)were screened by Lipinski’s rule of five.Targets acted with active components were predicted by PharmMapper database,and targets whose function associated with blood deficiency were screened by Therapeutic Target Database and UniProt.The networks of component-target and target-pathway were constructed by Cytoscape.The levels of peripheral blood and organ indexes were detected in the animal experiments.Results:One hundred and seventy-three components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)were collected,and 60 active components were screened according to the rule of five.According to the degree value of compounds,the top 5 compounds were docosyl trans ferulate,C32 decursin,agrimonolide 6-O-β-D-glucoside,degree=11,173-ethoxyphaeophorbide,and eugenol.Finally,59 targets associated with blood deficiency were obtained and the top 5 targets were MAPK14,TTR,CDK2,AKR1B1 and AR.Based on the interaction network of componenttarget and target-pathway,it’s found that 60 active components could act with 59 targets and 44 pathways for treating blood deficiency.And then,the mice experiments showed that Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)could enrich blood by increasing the levels of red blood cell,white blood cell,hemoglobin,red blood cell specific volume and platelet,and the indexes of liver,thymus and spleen,which validated the treating effect of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).Conclusion:In this study,a network pharmacology approach and animal experiments were established to explore the nourishing blood effect of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).The results demonstrated that Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)could improve blood deficiency and provide a theoretical basis for the further research on the in-depth mechanism of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).展开更多
Selenium is one of essential elements for humans,animals and some kinds of plants.The biological function of selenium shows dual characteristics.The range of selenium content is very narrow between toxic and deficient...Selenium is one of essential elements for humans,animals and some kinds of plants.The biological function of selenium shows dual characteristics.The range of selenium content is very narrow between toxic and deficient concentration.Typical Kashin-Beck endemic areas intimately link with selenium deficiency.展开更多
Herein, we developed a fractionation-free negative enriching method incorporating methylamidation, siteselective dimethylation and aldehyde resin coupling(MADMAR) for in-depth C-terminome analysis. The methylamidation...Herein, we developed a fractionation-free negative enriching method incorporating methylamidation, siteselective dimethylation and aldehyde resin coupling(MADMAR) for in-depth C-terminome analysis. The methylamidation blocked the free carboxyl group on proteins first, followed by Lys C digestion of methylamidated proteins. Then, the site-selective dimethylation blocked the N-terminal amino group of the digested peptides without affecting the amino groups of lysine. Finally, the aldehyde resin was used to capture non-C-terminal peptides containing amino groups from lysine, while leaving the C-terminal peptides without free amino group in the supernatant for its analysis. We identified 1359 database-annotated protein C-termini from 50 μg He La proteins, which was 74% more than our previous method based on aldehyde resin. Moreover, 279 protein neo-C-termini were identified.展开更多
We propose a novel single microbead“chemiluminescence(CL)super enriching and imaging”strategy that efficiently concentrates highly intense,long-lasting,and ultrastable CL shining on only a single microbead(SMB),allo...We propose a novel single microbead“chemiluminescence(CL)super enriching and imaging”strategy that efficiently concentrates highly intense,long-lasting,and ultrastable CL shining on only a single microbead(SMB),allowing for the ultrasensitive quantification of various biomarkers at the attomolar level.Aided by a phenothiazine derivative enhancer,the traditional flash-type CL of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-H_(2)O_(2)-luminol can be efficiently converted into a significantly enhanced(10^(3)-fold),persistent,and ultrastable CL emission(E-CL)that can be exactly confined and accurately imaged on the microbead interface.Then,by employing only one minuscule-sized SMB as the sole reaction and signaling unit,the target as well as the aroused E-CL signal concentrated on the SMB can further achieve~10^(4)“super-enriching”efficiency.Therefore,by“super enriching”target-responsive E-CL signal on an SMB,the SMB E-CL imaging strategy provides a powerful tool for the attomolar-level detection of various biomarkers including proteins,microRNAs,and virus DNA.展开更多
Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the s...Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the same extent and modulate microbial communities in a similar way.To investigate that,different microbial enrichments with and without activated carbon(AC),magnetite(Mag),and zeolites(Zeo)(at 0.5 g/L)were developed.MP profiles and microbial composition changes were compared among enrichments.The behavior of all enrichments was different,although the initial inoculum sludge was the same.Lag phase duration was lower in AC enrichment,while the complete conversion of butyrate to methane was faster in Mag enrichment.Syntrophomonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in all enrichments,but changes in the methanogenic community were evident.Acetoclastic methanogens were more diverse in Mag enrichment,with microorganisms assigned to Methanosarcina and Methanothrix gener1,but Methanothrix was the only acetoclastic methanogen in the other enrichments.On the other hand,different species of hydrogenotrophic methanogens prevailed in distinct enrichments.The metatranscriptomics results revealed that the dominant mechanism of interspecies electron transfer in the AC enrichment utilized hydrogen as the electron carrier,and no evidences of direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)could be found.These results showed how different CM modulate microbial communities and affect MP efficiency through mechanisms that do not necessarily involve DIET or mediation via CM.展开更多
RNA binding proteins(RBPs) are a crucial class of proteins that interact with RNA and play a key role in various biological process.Deficiencies or abnormalities of RBPs are closely linked to the occurrence and progre...RNA binding proteins(RBPs) are a crucial class of proteins that interact with RNA and play a key role in various biological process.Deficiencies or abnormalities of RBPs are closely linked to the occurrence and progression of numerous diseases,making RBPs potential therapeutic targets.However,the limited tissue penetration of 254 nm UV irradiation makes it difficult to efficiently crosslink weak and dynamic RNA-protein interactions in mammal tissues.Additionally,RNA degradation in metal catalyzed click reaction further hinders the enrichment of RNA-protein complexes(RPCs).Due to these inherent limitations,globally profiling the RNA binding proteome in mammal organs has long been a challenge.Herein,we proposed a novel method,which utilized a dual crosslinking with formaldehyde and 254 nm UV irradiation,metabolic labeling and metal-free thiol-yne click reaction to enable large-scale enrichment and identification of RBPs in mouse liver,called FTYc_UV.In this method,formaldehyde is first used to crosslink the crude RNA-protein complexes(cRPCs) in situ to address the problem of poor tissue penetration of 254 nm UV irradiation.Furthermore,this method integrates metabolic labeling with a metal-free thiol-yne click reaction to achieve non-destructive RNA tagging.After specifically RNA-RBPs crosslinking by 254 nm UV irradiation in tissue lysates,formaldehyde decrosslinking is employed to remove non-specific proteins,leading to effective enrichment of RPCs from mouse liver and thereby overcoming the poor specificity of formaldehyde crosslinking.Application of FTYc_UV in mouse liver successfully identified over 1600 RBPs covering approximately 75 % of previously reported RBPs.Furthermore,420 candidate RBPs,including 151metabolic enzymes,were also obtained,demonstrating the sensitivity of FTYc_UV and the potential of this method for in-depth exploration of RNA-protein interactions in biological and clinical research.展开更多
Oat milk has gained widespread consumer acceptance for its creamy texture,β-glucan content,and environmental sustainability.However,its relatively low protein content(typically 2-3 g/serving)presents a nutritional li...Oat milk has gained widespread consumer acceptance for its creamy texture,β-glucan content,and environmental sustainability.However,its relatively low protein content(typically 2-3 g/serving)presents a nutritional limitation,largely due to poor protein solubility.This study investigated how processing conditions influence protein content and functional stability in oat-based systems by applying two treatments:(1)α-amylase enzymatic hydrolysis,and(2)pH-shifting(from pH 7 to 12 and back)with mild heating(50℃for 10 or 30 min).Oat protein solutions were formulated from two sources:oat flour(OF)and oat protein isolate(OPI).Results suggests that α-amylase pretreatment effectively reduced starch-driven viscosity in OF,facilitating better sample handling and centrifugation.Following pH-shifting and heat treatment,both OF and OPI solutions showed significantly improved protein solubility,with protein content increased from 2.0 to~6.5 g/serving.These changes were accompanied by reduced precipitation,smaller particle sizes,and more negative zeta potential values,indicating enhanced colloidal stability.SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the presence of low-molecular-weight protein fractions,supporting increased solubilization.Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the formation of smaller,more uniformly dispersed particles in treated samples compared to controls.However,noticeable darkening or browning occurred under high-pH heating,indicating potential challenges in color control.The findings provide useful information for future industrial applications and product innovation in the plant-based beverage sector.展开更多
To address the kinetic constraints inherent in the catalytic combustion of pulverized coal injection under low heating-rate conditions within conventional air atmospheres,a drop tube furnace was utilized to simulate t...To address the kinetic constraints inherent in the catalytic combustion of pulverized coal injection under low heating-rate conditions within conventional air atmospheres,a drop tube furnace was utilized to simulate the catalytic combustion of pulverized coal(PC).The effects of gas composition,oxygen concentration,the type,and the content of catalysts on the combustion reactivity were systematically analyzed.Furthermore,the structural changes of unburned pulverized coal were also examined.Experimental results indicate that as the oxygen concentration increased from 21%to 79%,compared with the O_(2)/N_(2)condition,the increment in the burnout rate of PC under the O_(2)/CO_(2)condition increased from 3%to 23%.After the addition of catalysts,including hematite,metallurgical oil sludge,and light-burnt dolomite(LBD),under the condition of 21%oxygen concentration,the effects of the three catalysts under the O_(2)/CO_(2)condition were superior to those under the O_(2)/N_(2)condition.This trend was reversed under the conditions of 38%and 79%oxygen concentrations.In all atmospheres,the three catalysts can enhance the burnout rate of PC.Among them,LBD exhibits the most favorable effect,and there exists an optimal dosage.Mechanistic analysis through scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and N_(2)adsorption-desorption reveals that under 21%O_(2)/79%CO_(2)conditions,high-concentration CO_(2)leads to the formation of pores,and additives accelerate the oxidation of C and the gasification of CO_(2)through oxygen transfer,thereby enhancing the burnout rate of PC.展开更多
Nutrients play a crucial role in sustaining marine ecosystems and supporting mariculture,especially in seaweed aquaculture.Currently,seaweed farming,such as kelp cultivation,is entirely dependent on the natural supply...Nutrients play a crucial role in sustaining marine ecosystems and supporting mariculture,especially in seaweed aquaculture.Currently,seaweed farming,such as kelp cultivation,is entirely dependent on the natural supply of nutrients.Sanggou Bay in Shandong Peninsula,Yellow Sea,is renowned for its 60-year history of kelp cultivation;however,it is recently facing an increasing demand for nitrogen and phosphorus due to the expansion in aquaculture scale and production.There is no doubt that nutrient addition can enhance and sustain the production,but it is crucial to understand its effect on kelp growth under current nutrients condition and the potential ecological risks.Our in-field nutrient enrichment experiments show that nitrogen and phosphorus additions promoted the kelp biomass during the early growth stages,and have no adverse effects on phytoplankton or seawater nutrient levels throughout the experiment.From a long-term perspective,increasing nutrient supply appears to be an essential strategy for sustaining the aquaculture of kelp.展开更多
Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
Elucidating the mineralization mechanisms of individual granitic stages and tracing magmatic evolution processes are critical for establishing mineralization models of large-scale batholiths.The Mufushan granitoid bat...Elucidating the mineralization mechanisms of individual granitic stages and tracing magmatic evolution processes are critical for establishing mineralization models of large-scale batholiths.The Mufushan granitoid batholith,renowned for multistage magmatism and large-scale rare metal mineralization,mainly comprises biotite,two-mica,and muscovite monzogranite.Existing research has predominantly focused on biotite and two-mica granite,whereas muscovite granite,as the most highly differentiated lithologic unit,remains understudied regarding its mineralization mechanisms and evolution characteristics.Focusing on two newly discovered Li-rich granites,namely tourmaline muscovite granite(TMG)from Shiniuchong and garnet muscovite granite(GMG)from Huanglongxiang,this study clarifies their intrusion ages,Li occurrence states and enrichment mechanisms,while establishing the magmatic evolutionary pathway.The results show that the U-Pb ages of columbite-tantalum and zircon are 130.2±1.0 Ma(TMG)and 138.2±1.0 Ma(GMG),respectively,confirming Early Cretaceous Li-rich magmatism.The Li concentrations in muscovite from the Li-rich muscovite granites are high(mean 3328 ppm),compared to those in Mufushan ordinary muscovite granites(<1500 ppm),but the dominant Li-bearing minerals are still classified as muscovite or phengite.Li enrichment of mica in this Li-rich granite system is controlled by the magmatic differentiation-dominated vector Si2LiAl-3,differing from that in cogenetic pegmatite systems,indicating distinct Li enrichment pathways between two mineralization processes and thereby endowing this system with the potential to evolve into granite-type Li deposits.Mica geochemistry and Rayleigh fractionation modeling indicate the Li-rich muscovite granites,along with biotite and two-mica granite in the Mufushan area,represent products of different stages of co-magmatic evolution.Crystal fractionation is the key mechanism controlling Li enrichment,requiring effective separation of at least 75%of the melt to drive preliminary Li enrichment in the highly differentiated granite.These findings significantly advance understanding of mineralization processes in large-scale batholiths,providing valuable insights for regional Li exploration.展开更多
By investigating the evolution of shale gas generation,storage,adjustment and accumulation under different structural settings in superimposed basins,this study elucidates the differential accumulation mechanisms of s...By investigating the evolution of shale gas generation,storage,adjustment and accumulation under different structural settings in superimposed basins,this study elucidates the differential accumulation mechanisms of shale gas.An improved evaluation method of shale gas content evolution in superimposed basins is proposed.This method incorporates the coupling effect of key geological factors such as temperature,pressure,organic matter abundance,maturity,and pore characteristics on the content and occurrence state of shale gas,as well as the configuration relationship between shale gas generation and storage throughout geological history.Using this approach,the gas evolution histories of the Longmaxi Formation shales in wells N201 and PY1 are reconstructed under varying geological conditions.The Longmaxi Formation shales in these wells are dominated by typeⅠkerogen,with original total organic carbon(TOC_(o))contents of 6.20 wt% and 4.92 wt%,respectively,indicating differences in the initial material basis for gas generation.At the maximum burial depth of approximately 5000 m,the Longmaxi Formation shale in well N201 exhibits a formation pressure coefficient of 2.05,an organic matter maturity of 2.2%,and organic pores accounting for 68%of the total porosity.The gas generation quantity(Q_(g))reaches 19.24 m^(3)/t,while the gas storage capacity(Q_(s))is 4.30 m^(3)/t.The actual total gas content(Q_(a)),constrained by Q_(s),is 4.30 m^(3)/t,with free gas comprising 94%.Following relatively moderate tectonic uplift,the Q_(a) in well N201 decreases to 4.03 m^(3)/t,with free gas accounting for 63%.In contrast,the Longmaxi Formation shale in well PY1 reached a maximum burial depth of 6300 m,associated with a formation pressure coefficient of 1.62,organic matter maturity of 2.5%,and organic pore proportion of 67%.Here,Q_(g) is 16.87 m^(3)/t,and both Q_(s) and Q_(a) are 3.65 m^(3)/t,with free gas accounting for 98%.After intense tectonic uplift,Q_(a) declines to 2.72 m^(3)/t,and the proportion of free gas drops to51%.Finally,a four-stage differential accumulation model of shale gas is established:Slow gas generation and only adsorbed gas occur in stageⅠ,which is primarily controlled by TOC content;both adsorbed gas and free gas present in stageⅡ,with free gas becoming dominant;rapid gas generation and free gas predominance are controlled by temperature and porosity in stageⅢ;and gas adjustment and accumulation are primarily controlled by temperature and pressure in stageⅣ.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22338005,21977015)。
文摘Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs)are biological enzymes expressed on cell membranes that can influence cellular signaling,and their overexpression in tumor cells makes them a key route to assess relevant tumor processes.The development of a delivery system that targets and accumulates in RTKs overexpressing-cells at the on-target site is significant for the monitoring of tumor progression and clinical applications through longer tumor site signaling response under low injection frequency.Here,a host-vip nanoscale fluorescent probe SNI@ZIF-8 based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)and a fluorescent probe SNI constructed from receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor was proposed and prepared for targeting RTKs and enabling prolonged fluorescence imaging in vivo.The folded conformation of the probe SNI resulted in low background fluorescence,and the unfolding of the SNI conformation upon insertion of the RTKs active pocket showed significant fluorescence enhancement thus enabling real-time detection of RTKs.The host-vip system SNI@ZIF-8 could release vip molecules due to the presence of the enzyme,emphasizing the reporting of stable fluorescent signals over time under low injection frequency.SNI@ZIF-8 could provide a signal response on the cell membrane of RTKs overexpressing cells without interference from other substances,and provided a longer fluorescent signal than SNI at equivalent number of injections in tumor-bearing mice.The host-vip system SNI@ZIF-8,with its obvious tumor site enrichment ability and clear fluorescence imaging ability,could be successfully applied to the detection of RTKs on cell membranes in biological systems,providing a new strategy for determining the process of tumor development in clinical applications.
文摘The distributions of framework aluminum(Al)in zeolites critically govern the location and speciation of active copper(Cu)centers,thereby influencing their performance in ammonia selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR)of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)).Conventional Cu-SSZ-39(Cu-SSZ-39-T)exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability but limited low-temperature activity(150–225℃)due to a low concentration of Al in 8-membered rings(8MRs)that inhibits the formation of active[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species.Herein,an SSZ-39 zeolite synthesized with potassium ions(SSZ-39-K)achieved a significantly higher 8MR Al fraction(37.6%).Density functional theory calculations and H_(2)-temperature-programmed reduction analyses confirmed that the increased 8MR Al population facilitated the formation of[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species.Aged Cu-SSZ-39-K exhibited nearly twice the NO_(x)conversion of aged Cu-SSZ-39-T in the 150–225℃range while maintaining comparable high-temperature activity(250–550℃)under a gas hourly space velocity of 250,000 h^(-1).Enhanced low-temperature performance is particularly beneficial for mitigating NO_(x)emissions during cold-start phase.Moreover,SSZ-39-K was synthesized with a high crystallization yield(~65%),nearly double the highest yield(33%)reported for direct synthesis routes.This work establishes a robust strategy for tailoring Al distributions in SSZ-39 zeolites,offering an effective pathway to improve low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR performance and promote practical implementation.
基金the R&D Project on the Oceanic Metalliferous Nodue during the "Ninth- Five- YearPlan"(No. DY95 ~ 02 ~ 10).
文摘Compared to North American shale composition (NASC), REE contents of sediments from the CC area in the Pacific Ocean are obviously high except that cerium has equal content to that of NASC. Three-valence rare earth elements were completely enriched in phosphate-phase and cerium in iron-phase. Rare earth elements in the sediments were originally derived from seawater. During lithi- genic and minerogenic processes of metalliferous nodules, three-valence rare earth elements in sediments mobilized and incorporated into sediments as authigenous biogenic-apatite, while cerium had change from Ce3+ to Ce4+ and directly precipitated from seawater and entered metalliferous nodules and caused Ce anomalies in REE pattern in sediments.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of reinforced Decoction of Angelicae Sinensis for enriching blood (RDAEB) on the immunity of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Methods Mice were given RDAEB through stomach perfusion for 10 d (50 mg/d). Then, RBC-C3bR rate,RBC-IC rate (as the index- es of erythrocyte immunity)and E-rosette forming rate,acidic a-naphthyl acetate esterase positive rate, lymphocyte transformation rate (as the indexes of cellular immunity) of mice were tested. Results RBC-C3Br rate, RBC-IC rat- e,E-rosette forming rate, acidic α-naphthyl acetate esterase positive rate and lymphocyte transformation rate in the Cy-RDAEB group were markedly higher than those in the Cy group (P<0.0l),and returned to the levels of normal group. Conclusion RDAEB is effective in recovering and enhancing cellular and erythrocyte immunity of immuno- suppressed mice.
基金supported by the Science Research Center of the National Research Foundation of Korea (No. 2015R1A5A1009701).
文摘In recent years,genome editing with site-specific nucleases,such as ZFN（zinc finger nuclease）,TALEN（transcription activatorlike effector nucleases）,and CRISPR/Cas9（the type II bacterial clustered,regularly interspaced,short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9）,has gained popularity for use in cell lines,animals,and plants（Urnov et al.,2010;Miller et al.,2011;Cong et al.
基金Scientific Research Special Project of Capital Health Development in 2018(No.First issues 2018-1-4192)TCM Science and Technology Development Fund of Beijing in 2020(No.JJ-2020-42)。
文摘Objective:To systemically review the efficacy and safety about the method of enriching qi,activating blood circulation,clearing away dampness and heat combined with western medicine in the therapy of patients with idiopathy membranous nephropathy(IMN).Methods:We collected the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of enriching qi,activating blood circulation,clearing away dampness and heat for the treatment of IMN from Pub Med,The Cochrane Library,Medline,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biology Medicine disc(CBM),Wanfang Data and Wiper Databases.Bias of risk of retrieval literature was evaluated according to Cochrane Collaboration standard,and Review Manager 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Fourteen trials(836 participants)were included in the meta-analysis.This kind of traditional Chinese method combined with western medicine in the treatment of IMN exerted statistical differences in reducing 24-hour urinary protein[WMD=-0.97,95%CI(-1.30,-0.65),Z=5.86(P<0.00001)]and elevating serum albumin[WMD=3.83,95%CI(2.10,5.57),Z=4.33,P<0.0001],lowering serum cholesterol[WMD=-0.82,95%CI(-1.08,-0.56),Z=6.18,P<0.00001],triglycerides[WMD=-0.39,95%CI(-0.67,-0.11),Z=2.77,P=0.006]and reducing the risk of adverse events[OR=0.29,95%CI[0.16,0.50],Z=4.35,P<0.0001]in the patients with IMN as compared with controls.However,there was no statistically significant difference between the method and controls when combining all trials in serum creatinine[WMD=-5.52,95%CI(-18.06,7.03),Z=0.86,P=0.39],when combining all trials in urea nitrogen[WMD=-0.90,95%CI(-2.22,0.41),Z=1.35,P=0.18].Conclusion:The method of enriching qi,activating blood circulation,clearing away dampness and heat combined with western medicine exerts certain advantages and better safety in treating patients with IMN.However,for the inferiority of the included studies,the conclusion still needs high-quality and large-sample prospective randomized controlled trials to verify.
基金Key Science and Technology Project of Guangxi(Gui Ke AA17202027-4)Project of Guangxi Teng County Pueraria lobata Experimental Station(Gui TS201431)+1 种基金Special Basic Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Gui Nong Ke 2019M16)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Project in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630062020006)。
文摘[Objectives]To screen out the selenium-enriched Pueraria lobata varieties suitable for cultivation in Guangxi according to the natural selenium-enriching ability of 7 main cultivars.[Methods]Taking 7 main cultivars of P.lobata in different places as experimental materials,field cultivation was carried out on the selenium-enriched yellow soil in Shanglin County,Nanning City of Guangxi,to study the difference in selenium-enriching ability of different main cultivars and the comparison of selenium content in different parts,as well as the transport mechanism.[Results]Under the condition of soil selenium content of 0.78 mg/kg,the selenium content of the root tubers of the 7 main cultivars all reached the selenium-enrichment standard.The selenium content of a single root tuber of Heping Variety in Teng County,Guangxi was the highest,at 0.061 mg/kg;Guifenge No.1 was the second at 0.055 mg/kg,and the total selenium accumulation per unit area was the largest.The ranking of selenium content in different parts of the same variety was:leaf>vine>head>root tuber.[Conclusions]Guifenge No.1 has the highest yield and the largest total selenium accumulation,so it is the most suitable natural selenium-enriched variety for cultivation.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81760746 and 81803838)Education Department of Guizhou Province of China(GNYL[2017]006)+3 种基金Provincial Department of Education youth talent support program(qiankehe KY[2017]078)Key project at central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(2060302)Science and Technology Department of Zunyi City of Zuniyi City of Guizhou Province of China([2016]35,[2016]33)Innovation talent team of Guizhou science and Technology Department(qiankehe platform talents[2020]5007).
文摘Background:To explore active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)and its underlying complex mechanism in treating blood deficiency induced by chemotherapy drug based on network pharmacology and mice experimental validation.Methods:Active components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)were screened by Lipinski’s rule of five.Targets acted with active components were predicted by PharmMapper database,and targets whose function associated with blood deficiency were screened by Therapeutic Target Database and UniProt.The networks of component-target and target-pathway were constructed by Cytoscape.The levels of peripheral blood and organ indexes were detected in the animal experiments.Results:One hundred and seventy-three components of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)were collected,and 60 active components were screened according to the rule of five.According to the degree value of compounds,the top 5 compounds were docosyl trans ferulate,C32 decursin,agrimonolide 6-O-β-D-glucoside,degree=11,173-ethoxyphaeophorbide,and eugenol.Finally,59 targets associated with blood deficiency were obtained and the top 5 targets were MAPK14,TTR,CDK2,AKR1B1 and AR.Based on the interaction network of componenttarget and target-pathway,it’s found that 60 active components could act with 59 targets and 44 pathways for treating blood deficiency.And then,the mice experiments showed that Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)could enrich blood by increasing the levels of red blood cell,white blood cell,hemoglobin,red blood cell specific volume and platelet,and the indexes of liver,thymus and spleen,which validated the treating effect of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).Conclusion:In this study,a network pharmacology approach and animal experiments were established to explore the nourishing blood effect of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).The results demonstrated that Lanbuzheng(Gei herba)could improve blood deficiency and provide a theoretical basis for the further research on the in-depth mechanism of Lanbuzheng(Gei herba).
文摘Selenium is one of essential elements for humans,animals and some kinds of plants.The biological function of selenium shows dual characteristics.The range of selenium content is very narrow between toxic and deficient concentration.Typical Kashin-Beck endemic areas intimately link with selenium deficiency.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFA0505001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21974025)the project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification。
文摘Herein, we developed a fractionation-free negative enriching method incorporating methylamidation, siteselective dimethylation and aldehyde resin coupling(MADMAR) for in-depth C-terminome analysis. The methylamidation blocked the free carboxyl group on proteins first, followed by Lys C digestion of methylamidated proteins. Then, the site-selective dimethylation blocked the N-terminal amino group of the digested peptides without affecting the amino groups of lysine. Finally, the aldehyde resin was used to capture non-C-terminal peptides containing amino groups from lysine, while leaving the C-terminal peptides without free amino group in the supernatant for its analysis. We identified 1359 database-annotated protein C-termini from 50 μg He La proteins, which was 74% more than our previous method based on aldehyde resin. Moreover, 279 protein neo-C-termini were identified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074088,22174091)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_15R43)+2 种基金the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2025RS-CXTD-058)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(GK202301011)the Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023BSHEDZZ190)。
文摘We propose a novel single microbead“chemiluminescence(CL)super enriching and imaging”strategy that efficiently concentrates highly intense,long-lasting,and ultrastable CL shining on only a single microbead(SMB),allowing for the ultrasensitive quantification of various biomarkers at the attomolar level.Aided by a phenothiazine derivative enhancer,the traditional flash-type CL of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-H_(2)O_(2)-luminol can be efficiently converted into a significantly enhanced(10^(3)-fold),persistent,and ultrastable CL emission(E-CL)that can be exactly confined and accurately imaged on the microbead interface.Then,by employing only one minuscule-sized SMB as the sole reaction and signaling unit,the target as well as the aroused E-CL signal concentrated on the SMB can further achieve~10^(4)“super-enriching”efficiency.Therefore,by“super enriching”target-responsive E-CL signal on an SMB,the SMB E-CL imaging strategy provides a powerful tool for the attomolar-level detection of various biomarkers including proteins,microRNAs,and virus DNA.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and by the CM4Methane project(Ref:PTDC/BTA-BTA/2249/2021,DOI 10.54499/PTDC/BTABTA/2249/2021)FCT and European Union(EU),through the Portuguese State Budget and the European Social Fund under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte,also funded the SFRH/BD/132003/2017 and COVID/BD/152431/2022 grants held by Cátia S.N.Braga.,and the SFRH/BD/147271/2019 grant held by João C.Sequeira.M.SaloméDuarte acknowledges FCT for the Junior Research contract obtained under the scope of the Scientific Stimulus Employment 2022(ref:2022.06569.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0004,doi:https://doi.org/10.54499/2022.06569.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0004)PhD M.Fernando R.Pereira and PhD O.SaloméG.Soares from the Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials,Faculty of Engineering(University of Porto),for providing the AC used in this study.
文摘Conductive materials(CM)can improve methane production(MP)efficiency in many methanogenic systems.However,several types of CM exist,and there are uncertainties regarding whether they all improve MP efficiency to the same extent and modulate microbial communities in a similar way.To investigate that,different microbial enrichments with and without activated carbon(AC),magnetite(Mag),and zeolites(Zeo)(at 0.5 g/L)were developed.MP profiles and microbial composition changes were compared among enrichments.The behavior of all enrichments was different,although the initial inoculum sludge was the same.Lag phase duration was lower in AC enrichment,while the complete conversion of butyrate to methane was faster in Mag enrichment.Syntrophomonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in all enrichments,but changes in the methanogenic community were evident.Acetoclastic methanogens were more diverse in Mag enrichment,with microorganisms assigned to Methanosarcina and Methanothrix gener1,but Methanothrix was the only acetoclastic methanogen in the other enrichments.On the other hand,different species of hydrogenotrophic methanogens prevailed in distinct enrichments.The metatranscriptomics results revealed that the dominant mechanism of interspecies electron transfer in the AC enrichment utilized hydrogen as the electron carrier,and no evidences of direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)could be found.These results showed how different CM modulate microbial communities and affect MP efficiency through mechanisms that do not necessarily involve DIET or mediation via CM.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2021YFA1302604)Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (No.CI2021B017)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2023T160727)。
文摘RNA binding proteins(RBPs) are a crucial class of proteins that interact with RNA and play a key role in various biological process.Deficiencies or abnormalities of RBPs are closely linked to the occurrence and progression of numerous diseases,making RBPs potential therapeutic targets.However,the limited tissue penetration of 254 nm UV irradiation makes it difficult to efficiently crosslink weak and dynamic RNA-protein interactions in mammal tissues.Additionally,RNA degradation in metal catalyzed click reaction further hinders the enrichment of RNA-protein complexes(RPCs).Due to these inherent limitations,globally profiling the RNA binding proteome in mammal organs has long been a challenge.Herein,we proposed a novel method,which utilized a dual crosslinking with formaldehyde and 254 nm UV irradiation,metabolic labeling and metal-free thiol-yne click reaction to enable large-scale enrichment and identification of RBPs in mouse liver,called FTYc_UV.In this method,formaldehyde is first used to crosslink the crude RNA-protein complexes(cRPCs) in situ to address the problem of poor tissue penetration of 254 nm UV irradiation.Furthermore,this method integrates metabolic labeling with a metal-free thiol-yne click reaction to achieve non-destructive RNA tagging.After specifically RNA-RBPs crosslinking by 254 nm UV irradiation in tissue lysates,formaldehyde decrosslinking is employed to remove non-specific proteins,leading to effective enrichment of RPCs from mouse liver and thereby overcoming the poor specificity of formaldehyde crosslinking.Application of FTYc_UV in mouse liver successfully identified over 1600 RBPs covering approximately 75 % of previously reported RBPs.Furthermore,420 candidate RBPs,including 151metabolic enzymes,were also obtained,demonstrating the sensitivity of FTYc_UV and the potential of this method for in-depth exploration of RNA-protein interactions in biological and clinical research.
基金supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Hatch project 7009323.
文摘Oat milk has gained widespread consumer acceptance for its creamy texture,β-glucan content,and environmental sustainability.However,its relatively low protein content(typically 2-3 g/serving)presents a nutritional limitation,largely due to poor protein solubility.This study investigated how processing conditions influence protein content and functional stability in oat-based systems by applying two treatments:(1)α-amylase enzymatic hydrolysis,and(2)pH-shifting(from pH 7 to 12 and back)with mild heating(50℃for 10 or 30 min).Oat protein solutions were formulated from two sources:oat flour(OF)and oat protein isolate(OPI).Results suggests that α-amylase pretreatment effectively reduced starch-driven viscosity in OF,facilitating better sample handling and centrifugation.Following pH-shifting and heat treatment,both OF and OPI solutions showed significantly improved protein solubility,with protein content increased from 2.0 to~6.5 g/serving.These changes were accompanied by reduced precipitation,smaller particle sizes,and more negative zeta potential values,indicating enhanced colloidal stability.SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the presence of low-molecular-weight protein fractions,supporting increased solubilization.Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the formation of smaller,more uniformly dispersed particles in treated samples compared to controls.However,noticeable darkening or browning occurred under high-pH heating,indicating potential challenges in color control.The findings provide useful information for future industrial applications and product innovation in the plant-based beverage sector.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374347)Yulin Science and Technology Program Project(No.2024-SF-227)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2021GY-128).
文摘To address the kinetic constraints inherent in the catalytic combustion of pulverized coal injection under low heating-rate conditions within conventional air atmospheres,a drop tube furnace was utilized to simulate the catalytic combustion of pulverized coal(PC).The effects of gas composition,oxygen concentration,the type,and the content of catalysts on the combustion reactivity were systematically analyzed.Furthermore,the structural changes of unburned pulverized coal were also examined.Experimental results indicate that as the oxygen concentration increased from 21%to 79%,compared with the O_(2)/N_(2)condition,the increment in the burnout rate of PC under the O_(2)/CO_(2)condition increased from 3%to 23%.After the addition of catalysts,including hematite,metallurgical oil sludge,and light-burnt dolomite(LBD),under the condition of 21%oxygen concentration,the effects of the three catalysts under the O_(2)/CO_(2)condition were superior to those under the O_(2)/N_(2)condition.This trend was reversed under the conditions of 38%and 79%oxygen concentrations.In all atmospheres,the three catalysts can enhance the burnout rate of PC.Among them,LBD exhibits the most favorable effect,and there exists an optimal dosage.Mechanistic analysis through scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and N_(2)adsorption-desorption reveals that under 21%O_(2)/79%CO_(2)conditions,high-concentration CO_(2)leads to the formation of pores,and additives accelerate the oxidation of C and the gasification of CO_(2)through oxygen transfer,thereby enhancing the burnout rate of PC.
基金Supported by the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202204005)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23050502)+2 种基金the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42130411)the International Science Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.121311KYSB20190029,133137KYSB20200002)the Key Deployment Project of Centre for Ocean Mega-Research of Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.COMS2019J03)。
文摘Nutrients play a crucial role in sustaining marine ecosystems and supporting mariculture,especially in seaweed aquaculture.Currently,seaweed farming,such as kelp cultivation,is entirely dependent on the natural supply of nutrients.Sanggou Bay in Shandong Peninsula,Yellow Sea,is renowned for its 60-year history of kelp cultivation;however,it is recently facing an increasing demand for nitrogen and phosphorus due to the expansion in aquaculture scale and production.There is no doubt that nutrient addition can enhance and sustain the production,but it is crucial to understand its effect on kelp growth under current nutrients condition and the potential ecological risks.Our in-field nutrient enrichment experiments show that nitrogen and phosphorus additions promoted the kelp biomass during the early growth stages,and have no adverse effects on phytoplankton or seawater nutrient levels throughout the experiment.From a long-term perspective,increasing nutrient supply appears to be an essential strategy for sustaining the aquaculture of kelp.
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2024YFC2909300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42330806,U2444204,and 42472111)the Geological Survey Project grants from the China Geological Survey(DD20230289).
文摘Elucidating the mineralization mechanisms of individual granitic stages and tracing magmatic evolution processes are critical for establishing mineralization models of large-scale batholiths.The Mufushan granitoid batholith,renowned for multistage magmatism and large-scale rare metal mineralization,mainly comprises biotite,two-mica,and muscovite monzogranite.Existing research has predominantly focused on biotite and two-mica granite,whereas muscovite granite,as the most highly differentiated lithologic unit,remains understudied regarding its mineralization mechanisms and evolution characteristics.Focusing on two newly discovered Li-rich granites,namely tourmaline muscovite granite(TMG)from Shiniuchong and garnet muscovite granite(GMG)from Huanglongxiang,this study clarifies their intrusion ages,Li occurrence states and enrichment mechanisms,while establishing the magmatic evolutionary pathway.The results show that the U-Pb ages of columbite-tantalum and zircon are 130.2±1.0 Ma(TMG)and 138.2±1.0 Ma(GMG),respectively,confirming Early Cretaceous Li-rich magmatism.The Li concentrations in muscovite from the Li-rich muscovite granites are high(mean 3328 ppm),compared to those in Mufushan ordinary muscovite granites(<1500 ppm),but the dominant Li-bearing minerals are still classified as muscovite or phengite.Li enrichment of mica in this Li-rich granite system is controlled by the magmatic differentiation-dominated vector Si2LiAl-3,differing from that in cogenetic pegmatite systems,indicating distinct Li enrichment pathways between two mineralization processes and thereby endowing this system with the potential to evolve into granite-type Li deposits.Mica geochemistry and Rayleigh fractionation modeling indicate the Li-rich muscovite granites,along with biotite and two-mica granite in the Mufushan area,represent products of different stages of co-magmatic evolution.Crystal fractionation is the key mechanism controlling Li enrichment,requiring effective separation of at least 75%of the melt to drive preliminary Li enrichment in the highly differentiated granite.These findings significantly advance understanding of mineralization processes in large-scale batholiths,providing valuable insights for regional Li exploration.
基金funded by the Sinopec Science and Technology Project(No.P23132)the AAPG Foundation Grants-inAid Program(No.18644937)。
文摘By investigating the evolution of shale gas generation,storage,adjustment and accumulation under different structural settings in superimposed basins,this study elucidates the differential accumulation mechanisms of shale gas.An improved evaluation method of shale gas content evolution in superimposed basins is proposed.This method incorporates the coupling effect of key geological factors such as temperature,pressure,organic matter abundance,maturity,and pore characteristics on the content and occurrence state of shale gas,as well as the configuration relationship between shale gas generation and storage throughout geological history.Using this approach,the gas evolution histories of the Longmaxi Formation shales in wells N201 and PY1 are reconstructed under varying geological conditions.The Longmaxi Formation shales in these wells are dominated by typeⅠkerogen,with original total organic carbon(TOC_(o))contents of 6.20 wt% and 4.92 wt%,respectively,indicating differences in the initial material basis for gas generation.At the maximum burial depth of approximately 5000 m,the Longmaxi Formation shale in well N201 exhibits a formation pressure coefficient of 2.05,an organic matter maturity of 2.2%,and organic pores accounting for 68%of the total porosity.The gas generation quantity(Q_(g))reaches 19.24 m^(3)/t,while the gas storage capacity(Q_(s))is 4.30 m^(3)/t.The actual total gas content(Q_(a)),constrained by Q_(s),is 4.30 m^(3)/t,with free gas comprising 94%.Following relatively moderate tectonic uplift,the Q_(a) in well N201 decreases to 4.03 m^(3)/t,with free gas accounting for 63%.In contrast,the Longmaxi Formation shale in well PY1 reached a maximum burial depth of 6300 m,associated with a formation pressure coefficient of 1.62,organic matter maturity of 2.5%,and organic pore proportion of 67%.Here,Q_(g) is 16.87 m^(3)/t,and both Q_(s) and Q_(a) are 3.65 m^(3)/t,with free gas accounting for 98%.After intense tectonic uplift,Q_(a) declines to 2.72 m^(3)/t,and the proportion of free gas drops to51%.Finally,a four-stage differential accumulation model of shale gas is established:Slow gas generation and only adsorbed gas occur in stageⅠ,which is primarily controlled by TOC content;both adsorbed gas and free gas present in stageⅡ,with free gas becoming dominant;rapid gas generation and free gas predominance are controlled by temperature and porosity in stageⅢ;and gas adjustment and accumulation are primarily controlled by temperature and pressure in stageⅣ.
