Endothelial cells(ECs) are essential for pancreas differentiation, endocrine specification, and endocrine function. They are also involved in the physiopathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. During embryogenesis, ao...Endothelial cells(ECs) are essential for pancreas differentiation, endocrine specification, and endocrine function. They are also involved in the physiopathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. During embryogenesis, aortic ECs provide specific factors that maintain the expression of key genes for pancreas development such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1. Other unknown factors are also important for pancreatic endocrine specification and formation of insulin-producing beta cells. Endocrine precursors proliferate interspersed with ductal cells and exocrine precursors and, at some point of development, these endocrine precursors migrate to pancreatic mesenchyme and start forming the islets of Langerhans. By the end of the gestation and close to birth, these islets contain immature beta cells with the capacity to express vascular endothelial growth factor and therefore to recruit ECs from the surrounding microenvironment. ECs in turn produce factors that are essential to maintain insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Once assembled, a cross talk between endocrine cells and ECs maintain the integrity of islets toward an adequate function during the whole life of the adult individual. This review will focus in the EC role in the differentiation and maturation of pancreatic beta cells during embryogenesis as well as the current knowledge about the involvement of endothelium to derive pancreatic beta cells in vitro from mouse or human pluripotent stem cells.展开更多
Aim： To investigate the relationship between low androgen level and ultrastructure of vascular endothelium. Methods： Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups： group A, normal rats...Aim： To investigate the relationship between low androgen level and ultrastructure of vascular endothelium. Methods： Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups： group A, normal rats with sham castration; group B, castrated rats; group C, castrated rats given testosterone （T） undecanoate; and group D, intact rats treated with 5α-reductase inhibitor. After 10 weeks of treatment or castration, rats in different groups were killed and serum T, free T （FT） and dihydrotestosterone （DHT） were measured. The aortic endothelia were scanned under electron microcopy and the Vascular Endothelium Structure Score （VESS） was computed. Results： Serum T and FT concentrations of rats in group B were significantly lower than those of the other three groups （P 〈 0.01）; DHT concentrations of group D rats were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.01 ） when compared with those of groups A and C. Rats in groups B and D rats （with low androgen levels） had obvious damage to their endothelial surfaces, which appeared crimpled, rough, adhesive and ruptured, and had high destruction of VESS. Conclusion： These results suggest that low concentrations of T and DHT are associated with ultrastructural damage of the aortic endothelia in male rats.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) are a complex group of diseases involving alterations in mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology during both initiation and progressive phases of the disease.At the core of th...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) are a complex group of diseases involving alterations in mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology during both initiation and progressive phases of the disease.At the core of these alterations are endothelial cells,whose continual adjustments in structure and function coordinate vascular supply,immune cell emigration,and regulation of the tissue environment.Expansion of the endothelium in IBD(angiogenesis),mediated by inflammatory growth factors,cytokines and chemokines,is a hallmark of active gut disease and is closely related to disease severity.The endothelium in newly formed or inflamed vessels differs from that in normal vessels in the production of and response to inflammatory cytokines,growth factors,and adhesion molecules,altering coagulant capacity,barrier function and blood cell recruitment in injury.This review examines the roles of the endothelium in the initiation and propagation of IBD pathology and distinctive features of the intestinal endothelium contributing to these conditions.展开更多
· AIM: To determine the effect of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal endothelium in patients with dry eye disease. · METHODS: Observational, prospective, case series study. Fifty-five eyes of 29 c...· AIM: To determine the effect of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal endothelium in patients with dry eye disease. · METHODS: Observational, prospective, case series study. Fifty-five eyes of 29 consecutive patients (9 males and 20 females; median age: 66.8 years, interquartile range: 61 -73.2 years) with moderate -severe dry eye disease were evaluated. All patients were treated with topical 0.05% CsA ophthalmic emulsion twice a day in addition to lubricant eyedrops 5 times a day. The follow- up period was 12 months. Before treatment and at 3 and 12 months post -treatment central corneal specular microscopy was performed. The endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation of cell size (CoV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (Hex %) were analyzed. ·RESULTS: The median ECDs pre-treatment and at 3 and 12 months post-treatment were 2 352.5/mm 2 (inter- quartile range, 2 178 -2548.5), 2 364/mm 2 (interquartile range, 2 174.25 -2 657.5), and 2 366 cells/mm 2 (inter - quartile range, 2 174.75-2 539.75), respectively (P=0.927, one way ANOVA). The median CoVs pre-treatment and at 3 and 12 months post -treatment were 34.5 (interquartile range, 30 -37), 35 (interquartile range, 30 -38), and 34 (interquartile range, 30.75-38.25), respectively (P=0.7193, one way ANOVA). The median Hex % values pre - treatment and at 3 and 12 months post -treatment were 53 (interquartile range, 47 -58), 54 (interquartile range, 45.75 -59), and 50.5 (interquartile range, 45.75 -58), respectively (P=0.824, one way ANOVA). · CONCLUSION: Treatment of patients with dry eye disease for 12 months with topical 0.05% CsA does not seem to cause substantial changes on corneal endothelium.展开更多
AIM： To compare intraoperative phacoemulsification parameters and its effect on the corneal endothelium of eyes undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery（FLACS） versus conventional phacoemulsification...AIM： To compare intraoperative phacoemulsification parameters and its effect on the corneal endothelium of eyes undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery（FLACS） versus conventional phacoemulsification（CP） cataract surgery.METHODS： Two hundred eyes from one hundred patients were included in a prospective, non-blinded, randomized, controlled, intraindividual clinical study. One hundred eyes underwent FLACS while their one hundred fellow eyes underwent CP. All surgeries were performed using the Victus？ femtosecond laser platform and Infinity？ Vision System phacoemulsification machine. Primary outcome measure was endothelial cell density 6 mo after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included central corneal thickness（CCT）, average cell area, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and hexagonality before surgery and 6 mo after surgery and endothelial cell density loss during this period were also evaluated. Intraoperative efficiency parameters [cumulative dissipated energy（CDE）, total intraocular surgery time, total ultrasound time, total phacoemulsification time, total torsional energy time, total aspiration time, ultrasound energy, torsional amplitude and fluid required during surgery] were also collated. RESULTS： Data from these patients was not considered for analysis. Data from 92 patients were analysed. Postoperative endothelial cell density（cells/mm2） between groups（2211.88±392.49 CP; 2246.31±403.48 FLACS） was not statistically significant（P=0.869）. Total ultrasound time, torsional energy time, CDE and fluid requirements were significantly lower the FLACS group（P〈0.05）. Other parameters did not show statistically significant difference between FLACS and CP.CONCLUSION： FLACS displays significant improvements in phacoemulsification parameters in comparison to CP. There are no significant differences in corneal endothelium measures between FLACS and CP.展开更多
Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may ...Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. The present article aimed at reviewing contemporary data on the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium and its association with periodontitis in the scenario of cardiovascular disease.展开更多
AIM:The interaction of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) with integrin α4β7 mediates lymphocyte recruitment into mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).Nodular gastritis is characterized by a u...AIM:The interaction of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) with integrin α4β7 mediates lymphocyte recruitment into mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).Nodular gastritis is characterized by a unique military pattern on endoscopy representing increased numbers of lymphoid follicles with germinal center,strongly associated with H pylori infection.The purpose of this study was to address the implication of the MAdCAM-1/integrin β7 pathway in NG. METHODS:We studied 17 patients with NG and H pylori infection and 19 H pylori-positive and 14 H pylori-negative controls.A biopsy sample was taken from the antrum and snap-frozen for immunohistochemical analysis of MAdCAM- 1 and integrin β7.In simultaneous viewing of serial sections, the percentage of MAdCAM-1-positive to von Willebrand factor-positive vessels was calculated.We also performed immunostaining with anti-CD20,CD4,CD8 and CD68 antibodies to determine the lymphocyte subsets co- expressing integrin β7. RESULTS:Vascular endothelial MAdCAM-1 expression was more enhanced in gastric mucosa with than without H pylori infection.Of note,the percentages of MAdCAM-1-positive vessels were significantly higher in the lamina propria of NG patients than in H pylori-positive controls.Strong expression of MAdCAM-1 was identified adjacent to lymphoid follicles and dense lymphoid aggregates.Integrin β7-expressing mononuclear cells,mainly composed of CD20 and CD4 lymphocytes,were associated with vessels lined with MAdCAM-1-expressing endothelium.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the MAdCAM一1/ integrin a4p7 homing system may participate in gastric inflammation in response to H py/o}i-infection and contributes to MALT formation, typically leading to the development of NG.展开更多
Iron overload injury is considered to be a part of blood stasis syndrome of arthralgia in traditional Chinese medicine.Its primary therapies include clearing heat and detoxification,activating blood circulation,and re...Iron overload injury is considered to be a part of blood stasis syndrome of arthralgia in traditional Chinese medicine.Its primary therapies include clearing heat and detoxification,activating blood circulation,and removing blood stasis.Lonicera japonica flos(LJF)has long been known as an excellent antipyretic and antidote.Luteoloside(Lut)is one of the main components of LJF and exhibits antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and cytoprotective properties.However,the protection of Lut against iron overload injury and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,HUVECs were exposed to 50μmol·L^(−1)iron dextran for 48 h to establish an iron overload damage model and the effects of Lut were assessed.Our results showed that 20μmol·L^(−1)Lut not only increased cell viability and weakened LDH activity,but also significantly up-regulated DDAHⅡexpression and activity,increased p-eNOS/eNOS ratio and NO content,and reduced ADMA content in HUVECs exposed to iron overload.Furthermore,Lut significantly attenuated intracellular/mitochondrial ROS generation,improved SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px activities,reduced MDA content,maintained MMP,inhibited mPTP opening,prevented cyt c from mitochondria released into cytoplasm,reduced cleaved-caspase3 expression,and ultimately decreased cell apoptosis induced by iron overload.The effects of Lut were similar to those of L-arginine(an ADMA competitive substrate),cyclosporin A(a mPTP blocker agent),and edaravone(a free radical scavenger)as positive controls.However,addition of pAD/DDAHⅡ-shRNA adenovirus reversed the above beneficial effects of Lut.In conclusion,Lut can protect HUVECs against iron overload injury via the ROS/ADMA/DDAHⅡ/eNOS/NO pathway.The mitochondria are the target organelles of Lut’s protective effects.展开更多
The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple ...The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple factors such as genetic and epigenetic variation, sex-specificity, hormone interactions, drug preparation and route of administration may contribute. Recently, growing evidence suggests that androgens exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular function though the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Endothelial cells （ECs） which line the interior surface of blood vessels are distributed throughout the circulatory system, and play a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） are considered an indispensable element for the reconstitution and maintenance of an intact endothelial layer. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initiating step in development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The modulation of endothelial functions by androgens through either genornic or nongenomic signal pathways is one possible mechanism by which androgens act on the cardiovascular system. Obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which androgens affect EC and EPC functions will allow us to determine whether androgens possess beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This in turn may be critical in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. This article seeks to review recent progress in androgen regulation of endothelial function, the sex-specificity of androgen actions, and its clinical applications in the cardiovascular system.展开更多
To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of tissue-engineered human corneal endothelia (TE-HCEs) on rabbit primary corneal endotheliopathy (PCEP),TE-HCEs reconstructed with monoclonal human corneal endothelial cells (mc...To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of tissue-engineered human corneal endothelia (TE-HCEs) on rabbit primary corneal endotheliopathy (PCEP),TE-HCEs reconstructed with monoclonal human corneal endothelial cells (mcHCECs) and modified denuded amniotic membranes (mdAMs) were transplanted into PCEP models of New Zealand white rabbits using penetrating keratoplasty.The TE-HCEs were examined using diverse techniques including slit-lamp biomicroscopy observation and pachymeter and tonometer measurements in vivo,and fluorescent microscopy,alizarin red staining,paraffin sectioning,scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations in vitro.The corneas of transplanted eyes maintained transparency for as long as 200 d without obvious edema or immune rejection.The corneal thickness of transplanted eyes decreased gradually after transplanting,reaching almost the thickness of normal eyes after 156 d,while the TE-HCE non-transplanted eyes were turbid and showed obvious corneal edema.The polygonal corneal endothelial cells in the transplanted area originated from the TE-HCE transplant.An intact monolayer corneal endothelium had been reconstructed with the morphology,cell density and structure similar to those of normal rabbit corneal endothelium.In conclusion,the transplanted TE-HCE can reconstruct the integrality of corneal endothelium and restore corneal transparency and thickness in PCEP rabbits.The TE-HCE functions normally as an endothelial barrier and pump and promises to be an equivalent of HCE for clinical therapy of human PCEP.展开更多
This study examined the association of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),a promoter of angiogenesis,with endothelium dysfunction in preeclampsia.The level of VEGF protein and mRNA in the placenta ...This study examined the association of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),a promoter of angiogenesis,with endothelium dysfunction in preeclampsia.The level of VEGF protein and mRNA in the placenta and peripheral blood samples of 30 preeclampsia patients and 30 normotensive pregnant women was measured by immunohistochemistry,real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.VEGF expression in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) was blocked by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs).The monolayer barrier function of HUVECs was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of BSA that crossed the HUVEC monolayers.The cell proliferation and cell-secreted nitric oxide(NO) level were detected by MTT method and nitrate reductase assay,respectively.The results showed that VEGF was expressed in the syncytiotrophoblasts and endothelial cells of vessels and capillaries in the placenta tissue.The serum level of VEGF in the preeclampsia patients was significantly decreased as compared with that in normal pregnant subjects,although VEGF mRNA expression in the placenta tissue of preeclampsia patients remained still high.Moreover,VEGF deficit could lead to endothelium cell dysfunction,and the administration of VEGF could protect endothelium cells from injury.It was concluded that lack of VEGF contributes to endothelium dysfunction,which may lead to the occurrence and development of preeclampsia.展开更多
Vascular endothelium refers to a single layer of endothelial cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels,serving as barriers and transducers between the circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel...Vascular endothelium refers to a single layer of endothelial cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels,serving as barriers and transducers between the circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.Endothelial cells play essential roles in many aspects of vascular biology,such as barrier functions,thrombosis/fibrinolysis,inflammation,angiogenesis,vasoconstriction and vasodilation.展开更多
A multiscale model was proposed to calculate the circumferential stress （CS） and wall shear stress （WSS） and analyze the effects of global and local factors on the CS, WSS and their synergy on the arterial endothe...A multiscale model was proposed to calculate the circumferential stress （CS） and wall shear stress （WSS） and analyze the effects of global and local factors on the CS, WSS and their synergy on the arterial endothelium in large straight arteries. A parameter pair [Zs, SPA] （defined as the ratio of CS amplitude to WSS amplitude and the phase angle between CS and WSS for different harmonic components, respectively） was proposed to characterize the synergy of CS and WSS. The results demonstrated that the CS or WSS in the large straight arteries is determined by the global factors, i.e. the preloads and the afterloads, and the local factors, i.e. the local mechanical properties and the zero-stress states of arterial walls, whereas the Zs and SPA are primarily determined by the local factors and the afterloads. Because the arterial input impedance has been shown to reflect the physiological and pathological states of whole downstream arterial beds, the stress amplitude ratio Zs and the stress phase difference SPA might be appropriate indices to reflect the influences of the states of whole downstream arterial beds on the local blood flow-dependent phenomena such as angiogenesis, vascular remodeling and atherosgenesis.展开更多
AIM To investigate whether human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)could be made to attach,grow and differentiate on a human Descemet's membrane(DM).METHODS Spontaneously differentiated hESCs were transferred onto a huma...AIM To investigate whether human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)could be made to attach,grow and differentiate on a human Descemet's membrane(DM).METHODS Spontaneously differentiated hESCs were transferred onto a human corneal button with the endothelial layer removed using ocular sticks.The cells were cultured on a DM for up to 15 d.The genetically engineered hESC line expressed green fluorescent protein,which facilitated identification during the culture experiments,tissue preparation,and analysis.To detect any differentiation into human corneal endothelial-like cells,we analysed the transplanted cells by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies.RESULTS We found transplanted cells form a single layer of cells with a hexagonal shape in the periphery of the DM.The majority of the cells were negative for octamer-binding transcription factor 4 but positive for paired box 6 protein,sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase(NaKATPase),and Zona Occludens protein 1.In four of the 18 trials,the transplanted cells were found to express CK3,which indicates that the stem cells differentiated into corneal epithelial cells in these cases.CONCLUSION It is possible to get cells originating from hESCs to become established on a human DM,where they grow and differentiate into corneal endothelial-like cells in vitro.展开更多
Scutellarin(SCU), a flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Our previous study has demonstrated that SCU relaxes mouse aortic arteries mainly in an endothelium-depend-ent manner. In the present study, we...Scutellarin(SCU), a flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Our previous study has demonstrated that SCU relaxes mouse aortic arteries mainly in an endothelium-depend-ent manner. In the present study, we investigated the vasoprotective effects of SCU against HR-induced endothelial dysfunction(ED) in isolated rat CA and the possible mechanisms involving cyclic guanosine monophosphate(c GMP) dependent protein kinase(PKG). The isolated endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat CA rings were treated with HR injury. Evaluation of endothelium-dependent and-independent vasodilation relaxation of the CA rings were performed using wire myography and the protein expressions were assayed by Western blotting. SCU(10–1 000 μmol·L-1) could relax the endothelium-intact CA rings but not endothelium-denuded ones. In the intact CA rings, the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-c GMPS(PKGI-rp, 4 μmol·L-1), significantly blocked SCU(10–1 000 μmol·L-1)-induced relaxation. The NO synthase(NOS) inhibitor, NO-nitro-L-arginine methylester(L-NAME, 100 μmol·L-1), did not significantly change the effects of SCU(10–1 000 μmol·L-1). HR treatment significantly impaired ACh-induced relaxation, which was reversed by pre-incubation with SCU(500 μmol·L-1), while HR treatment did not altered NTG-induced vasodilation. PKGI-rp(4 μmol·L-1) blocked the protective effects of SCU in HR-treated CA rings. Additionally, HR treatment reduced phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein(p-VASP,phosphorylated product of PKG), which was reversed by SCU pre-incubation, suggesting that SCU activated PKG phosphorylation against HR injury. SCU induces CA vasodilation in an endothelium-dependent manner to and repairs HR-induced impairment via activation of PKG signaling pathway.展开更多
Flavonoid glycoside scutellarin(SCU)has been widely applied in the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases in China.In this article,we conducted research on the working mechanisms of SCU in hypoxia reoxygenation(HR)in...Flavonoid glycoside scutellarin(SCU)has been widely applied in the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases in China.In this article,we conducted research on the working mechanisms of SCU in hypoxia reoxygenation(HR)injury of isolated cerebral basilar artery(BA)and erebral ischemia reperfusion(CIR)injury in rat models.In isolated rat BA rings,HR causes endothelial dysfunction(ED)and acetylcholine(ACh)induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation.The myography result showed that SCU(100μM)was able to significantly improve the endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by Ach.However,SCU did not affect the ACh-induced relaxation in normal BA.Further studies suggested that SCU(10-1000μM)dose-dependently induced relaxation in isolated BA rings which were significantly blocked by the cGMP dependent protein kinase(PKG)inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cGMPs(PKGI-rp,4μM).Pre-incubation with SCU(500μM)reversed the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by HR,but the reversing effect was blocked if PKGI-rp(4μM)was added.The brain slice staining test in rats’model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)induced CIR proved that the administration of SCU(45,90 mg/kg,iv)significantly reduced the area of cerebral infarction.The Western blot assay result showed that SCU(45 mg/kg,iv)increased brain PKG activity and PKG protein level after CIR surgery.In conclusion,our findings suggested that SCU possesses the ability of protecting brain cells against CIR injury through vascular endothelium protection and PKG signal.展开更多
Red blood cells(RBCs)are the most abundant human blood cells.RBC aggregation and deformation strongly determine blood viscosity which impacts hemorheology and microcirculation.In turn,RBC properties depend on di®...Red blood cells(RBCs)are the most abundant human blood cells.RBC aggregation and deformation strongly determine blood viscosity which impacts hemorheology and microcirculation.In turn,RBC properties depend on di®erent endogenous and exogenous factors.One such factor is nitric oxide(NO),which is mainly produced by endothelial cells(EC)from L-arginine amino acid in the circulatory system.Since the mechanisms of the RBC-endothelium interplay are not clear up to date and considering its possible clinical importance,the aims of this study are to investigate in vitro:(1)The effect of L-arginine induced NO on RBC aggregation and adhesion to endothelium;(2)the NO e®ect on RBC aggregation and deformation induced by L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside without the presence of endothelium in the samples.The RBC aggregation and adhesion to a monolayer of EC were studied using optical tweezers(OT).The RBC deformability and aggregation without endothelium in the samples were studied using the flow chamber method and Myrenne aggregometer.We confirmed that NO increases deformability and decreases aggregation of RBCs.We showed that the soluble guanylate cyclase pathway appears to be the only NO signaling pathway involved.In the samples with the endothelium,the "bell-shaped"dependence of RBC aggregation force on L-arginine concentration was observed,which improves our knowledge about the process of NO production by endothelium.Additionally,data related to L-arginine accumulation by endothelium were obtained:Necessity of the presence of extracellular L-arginine stated by other authors was put under question.In our study,NO decreased the RBC-endothelium adhesion,however,the tendency appeared to be weak and was not confirmed in another set of experiments.To our knowledge,this is the first attempt to measure the forces of RBC adhesion to endothelium monolayer with OT.展开更多
Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)fibers are derived from the outer integument of ovule,while little is known about cotton ovule development.In order to identify and analyze the expression of genes associated with cotton o...Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)fibers are derived from the outer integument of ovule,while little is known about cotton ovule development.In order to identify and analyze the expression of genes associated with cotton ovule development,a cDNA array approach was used to screen for genes with altered expression in cotton ovule before and after anthesis,and 25 differentially expressed genes were subsequently identified.Among them,GhlAA16 encodes a predicted polypeptide of 208 amino acids highly homologous to Arabidopsis IAA16.Molecular analysis revealed that it is a single-copy gene in cotton genome and specifically expressed in the ovule endothelium.To our knowledge,GhlAA16 is the first endothelium-specific gene isolated from cotton.Its possible function is discussed during cotton ovule formation.展开更多
Men who attended a Bavarian General Medicine Practice were confidentially invented here. Two male study groups were enrolled to characterize adiposity or hypertriglyceridemia showing that these men were at baseline ri...Men who attended a Bavarian General Medicine Practice were confidentially invented here. Two male study groups were enrolled to characterize adiposity or hypertriglyceridemia showing that these men were at baseline risk for hypertension [1]. Adverse alcohol consumption mediated dysfunction of renal endothelium as shown here and before [1]. This study found that alcohol use aggravated dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease and critical fasting blood glucose of obese men predicting then late hepatorenal disorders. Overall, two male study groups showed a relevant proportion of men who reported alcohol consumption showing then critical morning urines indicating dysfunction of renal endothelium. The present report looked also at healthy men who reported positive lifestyle behaviour and at men with nonalcohol adiposity and nonalcohol hypertriglyceridemia who then showed normal morning urines indicating functional renal endothelium. Relatively young men at risk were motivated to replace adverse alcohol use by healthy liquids without alcohol and by higher quality of food.展开更多
To investigate the response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant hamster to rat cardiac xenotransplantation and the mechanism of acute vascular rejection. Methods： The animals were divided into 5 groups ran...To investigate the response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant hamster to rat cardiac xenotransplantation and the mechanism of acute vascular rejection. Methods： The animals were divided into 5 groups randomly： control group, CsA group, splenectomy group, DO splenectomy＋CsA group and D3 splenectomy＋CsA group. Hamster heart was heterotopicaly transplanted to rat abdominal cavity. The graft survival was monitored by palpation of the rat abdominal wall. The histological and ultrastructural changes of the xenogafts were investigated. NF-κB and P-selectin expression in the xenograft were detected. Heme Oxigenase-1 and Bcl-2 expression were also detected in the xenografts of different groups. Results： The mean survival time of the xenografts in control group, CsA group, splenectomy group, DO splenectomy＋CsA group and D3 splenectomy＋CsA group was 3.4±0.55, 3.8±0,45, 6.4± 1.52, 30 and 7.4 ±1.14 days. The rejected graft showed typical acute vascular rejection in control group, CsA group,splenectomy group and D3 splenectomy＋CsA group. Endothelial cells of the rejected xenograft showed dramatic assembly of ribosomes and expansion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the endothelium of the long-term survived grafts in DO splenectomy＋CsA group showed normal architecture. NF-κB and P-selectin expression were detected in the rejected xenografts. HO-1 expression was observed in the long-term survived xenografts in DO splenectomy＋CsA group. Conclusion： The endothelial cells of the xenograft might be activated during the acute vascular rejection. Expression of HO-1 might inhibit the upregulation of NF-κB and adhesion molecular which decreases the activation of the endotheliuna of the graft.展开更多
基金Supported by Eris M.Field Endowment for Diabetes Research assigned to Donald C Dafoe
文摘Endothelial cells(ECs) are essential for pancreas differentiation, endocrine specification, and endocrine function. They are also involved in the physiopathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. During embryogenesis, aortic ECs provide specific factors that maintain the expression of key genes for pancreas development such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1. Other unknown factors are also important for pancreatic endocrine specification and formation of insulin-producing beta cells. Endocrine precursors proliferate interspersed with ductal cells and exocrine precursors and, at some point of development, these endocrine precursors migrate to pancreatic mesenchyme and start forming the islets of Langerhans. By the end of the gestation and close to birth, these islets contain immature beta cells with the capacity to express vascular endothelial growth factor and therefore to recruit ECs from the surrounding microenvironment. ECs in turn produce factors that are essential to maintain insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Once assembled, a cross talk between endocrine cells and ECs maintain the integrity of islets toward an adequate function during the whole life of the adult individual. This review will focus in the EC role in the differentiation and maturation of pancreatic beta cells during embryogenesis as well as the current knowledge about the involvement of endothelium to derive pancreatic beta cells in vitro from mouse or human pluripotent stem cells.
基金Acknowledgment This study was support by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China （No. 06ZR14137）.
文摘Aim： To investigate the relationship between low androgen level and ultrastructure of vascular endothelium. Methods： Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups： group A, normal rats with sham castration; group B, castrated rats; group C, castrated rats given testosterone （T） undecanoate; and group D, intact rats treated with 5α-reductase inhibitor. After 10 weeks of treatment or castration, rats in different groups were killed and serum T, free T （FT） and dihydrotestosterone （DHT） were measured. The aortic endothelia were scanned under electron microcopy and the Vascular Endothelium Structure Score （VESS） was computed. Results： Serum T and FT concentrations of rats in group B were significantly lower than those of the other three groups （P 〈 0.01）; DHT concentrations of group D rats were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.01 ） when compared with those of groups A and C. Rats in groups B and D rats （with low androgen levels） had obvious damage to their endothelial surfaces, which appeared crimpled, rough, adhesive and ruptured, and had high destruction of VESS. Conclusion： These results suggest that low concentrations of T and DHT are associated with ultrastructural damage of the aortic endothelia in male rats.
基金Supported by National Institute of Health,NIH DK 43785
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) are a complex group of diseases involving alterations in mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology during both initiation and progressive phases of the disease.At the core of these alterations are endothelial cells,whose continual adjustments in structure and function coordinate vascular supply,immune cell emigration,and regulation of the tissue environment.Expansion of the endothelium in IBD(angiogenesis),mediated by inflammatory growth factors,cytokines and chemokines,is a hallmark of active gut disease and is closely related to disease severity.The endothelium in newly formed or inflamed vessels differs from that in normal vessels in the production of and response to inflammatory cytokines,growth factors,and adhesion molecules,altering coagulant capacity,barrier function and blood cell recruitment in injury.This review examines the roles of the endothelium in the initiation and propagation of IBD pathology and distinctive features of the intestinal endothelium contributing to these conditions.
文摘· AIM: To determine the effect of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal endothelium in patients with dry eye disease. · METHODS: Observational, prospective, case series study. Fifty-five eyes of 29 consecutive patients (9 males and 20 females; median age: 66.8 years, interquartile range: 61 -73.2 years) with moderate -severe dry eye disease were evaluated. All patients were treated with topical 0.05% CsA ophthalmic emulsion twice a day in addition to lubricant eyedrops 5 times a day. The follow- up period was 12 months. Before treatment and at 3 and 12 months post -treatment central corneal specular microscopy was performed. The endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation of cell size (CoV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (Hex %) were analyzed. ·RESULTS: The median ECDs pre-treatment and at 3 and 12 months post-treatment were 2 352.5/mm 2 (inter- quartile range, 2 178 -2548.5), 2 364/mm 2 (interquartile range, 2 174.25 -2 657.5), and 2 366 cells/mm 2 (inter - quartile range, 2 174.75-2 539.75), respectively (P=0.927, one way ANOVA). The median CoVs pre-treatment and at 3 and 12 months post -treatment were 34.5 (interquartile range, 30 -37), 35 (interquartile range, 30 -38), and 34 (interquartile range, 30.75-38.25), respectively (P=0.7193, one way ANOVA). The median Hex % values pre - treatment and at 3 and 12 months post -treatment were 53 (interquartile range, 47 -58), 54 (interquartile range, 45.75 -59), and 50.5 (interquartile range, 45.75 -58), respectively (P=0.824, one way ANOVA). · CONCLUSION: Treatment of patients with dry eye disease for 12 months with topical 0.05% CsA does not seem to cause substantial changes on corneal endothelium.
文摘AIM： To compare intraoperative phacoemulsification parameters and its effect on the corneal endothelium of eyes undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery（FLACS） versus conventional phacoemulsification（CP） cataract surgery.METHODS： Two hundred eyes from one hundred patients were included in a prospective, non-blinded, randomized, controlled, intraindividual clinical study. One hundred eyes underwent FLACS while their one hundred fellow eyes underwent CP. All surgeries were performed using the Victus？ femtosecond laser platform and Infinity？ Vision System phacoemulsification machine. Primary outcome measure was endothelial cell density 6 mo after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included central corneal thickness（CCT）, average cell area, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and hexagonality before surgery and 6 mo after surgery and endothelial cell density loss during this period were also evaluated. Intraoperative efficiency parameters [cumulative dissipated energy（CDE）, total intraocular surgery time, total ultrasound time, total phacoemulsification time, total torsional energy time, total aspiration time, ultrasound energy, torsional amplitude and fluid required during surgery] were also collated. RESULTS： Data from these patients was not considered for analysis. Data from 92 patients were analysed. Postoperative endothelial cell density（cells/mm2） between groups（2211.88±392.49 CP; 2246.31±403.48 FLACS） was not statistically significant（P=0.869）. Total ultrasound time, torsional energy time, CDE and fluid requirements were significantly lower the FLACS group（P〈0.05）. Other parameters did not show statistically significant difference between FLACS and CP.CONCLUSION： FLACS displays significant improvements in phacoemulsification parameters in comparison to CP. There are no significant differences in corneal endothelium measures between FLACS and CP.
基金Supported by The Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos(FIPE)at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,No.HCPA-120265
文摘Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. The present article aimed at reviewing contemporary data on the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium and its association with periodontitis in the scenario of cardiovascular disease.
文摘AIM:The interaction of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) with integrin α4β7 mediates lymphocyte recruitment into mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).Nodular gastritis is characterized by a unique military pattern on endoscopy representing increased numbers of lymphoid follicles with germinal center,strongly associated with H pylori infection.The purpose of this study was to address the implication of the MAdCAM-1/integrin β7 pathway in NG. METHODS:We studied 17 patients with NG and H pylori infection and 19 H pylori-positive and 14 H pylori-negative controls.A biopsy sample was taken from the antrum and snap-frozen for immunohistochemical analysis of MAdCAM- 1 and integrin β7.In simultaneous viewing of serial sections, the percentage of MAdCAM-1-positive to von Willebrand factor-positive vessels was calculated.We also performed immunostaining with anti-CD20,CD4,CD8 and CD68 antibodies to determine the lymphocyte subsets co- expressing integrin β7. RESULTS:Vascular endothelial MAdCAM-1 expression was more enhanced in gastric mucosa with than without H pylori infection.Of note,the percentages of MAdCAM-1-positive vessels were significantly higher in the lamina propria of NG patients than in H pylori-positive controls.Strong expression of MAdCAM-1 was identified adjacent to lymphoid follicles and dense lymphoid aggregates.Integrin β7-expressing mononuclear cells,mainly composed of CD20 and CD4 lymphocytes,were associated with vessels lined with MAdCAM-1-expressing endothelium.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the MAdCAM一1/ integrin a4p7 homing system may participate in gastric inflammation in response to H py/o}i-infection and contributes to MALT formation, typically leading to the development of NG.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21467017,81660583,81673431,and 81803534)Jiangxi Applied Research and Cultivation Program(No.20181BBG78059).
文摘Iron overload injury is considered to be a part of blood stasis syndrome of arthralgia in traditional Chinese medicine.Its primary therapies include clearing heat and detoxification,activating blood circulation,and removing blood stasis.Lonicera japonica flos(LJF)has long been known as an excellent antipyretic and antidote.Luteoloside(Lut)is one of the main components of LJF and exhibits antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and cytoprotective properties.However,the protection of Lut against iron overload injury and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,HUVECs were exposed to 50μmol·L^(−1)iron dextran for 48 h to establish an iron overload damage model and the effects of Lut were assessed.Our results showed that 20μmol·L^(−1)Lut not only increased cell viability and weakened LDH activity,but also significantly up-regulated DDAHⅡexpression and activity,increased p-eNOS/eNOS ratio and NO content,and reduced ADMA content in HUVECs exposed to iron overload.Furthermore,Lut significantly attenuated intracellular/mitochondrial ROS generation,improved SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px activities,reduced MDA content,maintained MMP,inhibited mPTP opening,prevented cyt c from mitochondria released into cytoplasm,reduced cleaved-caspase3 expression,and ultimately decreased cell apoptosis induced by iron overload.The effects of Lut were similar to those of L-arginine(an ADMA competitive substrate),cyclosporin A(a mPTP blocker agent),and edaravone(a free radical scavenger)as positive controls.However,addition of pAD/DDAHⅡ-shRNA adenovirus reversed the above beneficial effects of Lut.In conclusion,Lut can protect HUVECs against iron overload injury via the ROS/ADMA/DDAHⅡ/eNOS/NO pathway.The mitochondria are the target organelles of Lut’s protective effects.
基金The researches described in this article were partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81570271 and 81400357） and NIH （UL1 RR024996）. We are very grateful to John R Lee （Assistant Professor of Medicine, Weill Comell Medical College, New York）, and Jeff J Zhu （Research Manager, Weill Comell Medical College, New York） for critical review of the article. The authors have nothing to disclosure.
文摘The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple factors such as genetic and epigenetic variation, sex-specificity, hormone interactions, drug preparation and route of administration may contribute. Recently, growing evidence suggests that androgens exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular function though the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Endothelial cells （ECs） which line the interior surface of blood vessels are distributed throughout the circulatory system, and play a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） are considered an indispensable element for the reconstitution and maintenance of an intact endothelial layer. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initiating step in development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The modulation of endothelial functions by androgens through either genornic or nongenomic signal pathways is one possible mechanism by which androgens act on the cardiovascular system. Obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which androgens affect EC and EPC functions will allow us to determine whether androgens possess beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This in turn may be critical in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. This article seeks to review recent progress in androgen regulation of endothelial function, the sex-specificity of androgen actions, and its clinical applications in the cardiovascular system.
基金Project (Nos.2001AA625050 and 2006AA02A132) supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program (863) of China
文摘To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of tissue-engineered human corneal endothelia (TE-HCEs) on rabbit primary corneal endotheliopathy (PCEP),TE-HCEs reconstructed with monoclonal human corneal endothelial cells (mcHCECs) and modified denuded amniotic membranes (mdAMs) were transplanted into PCEP models of New Zealand white rabbits using penetrating keratoplasty.The TE-HCEs were examined using diverse techniques including slit-lamp biomicroscopy observation and pachymeter and tonometer measurements in vivo,and fluorescent microscopy,alizarin red staining,paraffin sectioning,scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations in vitro.The corneas of transplanted eyes maintained transparency for as long as 200 d without obvious edema or immune rejection.The corneal thickness of transplanted eyes decreased gradually after transplanting,reaching almost the thickness of normal eyes after 156 d,while the TE-HCE non-transplanted eyes were turbid and showed obvious corneal edema.The polygonal corneal endothelial cells in the transplanted area originated from the TE-HCE transplant.An intact monolayer corneal endothelium had been reconstructed with the morphology,cell density and structure similar to those of normal rabbit corneal endothelium.In conclusion,the transplanted TE-HCE can reconstruct the integrality of corneal endothelium and restore corneal transparency and thickness in PCEP rabbits.The TE-HCE functions normally as an endothelial barrier and pump and promises to be an equivalent of HCE for clinical therapy of human PCEP.
文摘This study examined the association of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),a promoter of angiogenesis,with endothelium dysfunction in preeclampsia.The level of VEGF protein and mRNA in the placenta and peripheral blood samples of 30 preeclampsia patients and 30 normotensive pregnant women was measured by immunohistochemistry,real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.VEGF expression in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) was blocked by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs).The monolayer barrier function of HUVECs was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of BSA that crossed the HUVEC monolayers.The cell proliferation and cell-secreted nitric oxide(NO) level were detected by MTT method and nitrate reductase assay,respectively.The results showed that VEGF was expressed in the syncytiotrophoblasts and endothelial cells of vessels and capillaries in the placenta tissue.The serum level of VEGF in the preeclampsia patients was significantly decreased as compared with that in normal pregnant subjects,although VEGF mRNA expression in the placenta tissue of preeclampsia patients remained still high.Moreover,VEGF deficit could lead to endothelium cell dysfunction,and the administration of VEGF could protect endothelium cells from injury.It was concluded that lack of VEGF contributes to endothelium dysfunction,which may lead to the occurrence and development of preeclampsia.
基金funded by Beijing Science and Technology Commission Foundation[Z151100004015071]
文摘Vascular endothelium refers to a single layer of endothelial cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels,serving as barriers and transducers between the circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.Endothelial cells play essential roles in many aspects of vascular biology,such as barrier functions,thrombosis/fibrinolysis,inflammation,angiogenesis,vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10132020 and 10472027)The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.
文摘A multiscale model was proposed to calculate the circumferential stress （CS） and wall shear stress （WSS） and analyze the effects of global and local factors on the CS, WSS and their synergy on the arterial endothelium in large straight arteries. A parameter pair [Zs, SPA] （defined as the ratio of CS amplitude to WSS amplitude and the phase angle between CS and WSS for different harmonic components, respectively） was proposed to characterize the synergy of CS and WSS. The results demonstrated that the CS or WSS in the large straight arteries is determined by the global factors, i.e. the preloads and the afterloads, and the local factors, i.e. the local mechanical properties and the zero-stress states of arterial walls, whereas the Zs and SPA are primarily determined by the local factors and the afterloads. Because the arterial input impedance has been shown to reflect the physiological and pathological states of whole downstream arterial beds, the stress amplitude ratio Zs and the stress phase difference SPA might be appropriate indices to reflect the influences of the states of whole downstream arterial beds on the local blood flow-dependent phenomena such as angiogenesis, vascular remodeling and atherosgenesis.
基金De Blindas Vanner,Gothenburg,and Greta Bergs Foundation,Lerum(to Charles Hanson)University of Akureyri Research Fund+4 种基金the KEA Fundthe Icelandic Council on Ageing(to Arsaell Arnarsson)Gothenburg Medical Societythe Medical Faculty of the University of Gothenburgthe Herman Svensson Foundation(to Ulf Stenevi)
文摘AIM To investigate whether human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)could be made to attach,grow and differentiate on a human Descemet's membrane(DM).METHODS Spontaneously differentiated hESCs were transferred onto a human corneal button with the endothelial layer removed using ocular sticks.The cells were cultured on a DM for up to 15 d.The genetically engineered hESC line expressed green fluorescent protein,which facilitated identification during the culture experiments,tissue preparation,and analysis.To detect any differentiation into human corneal endothelial-like cells,we analysed the transplanted cells by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies.RESULTS We found transplanted cells form a single layer of cells with a hexagonal shape in the periphery of the DM.The majority of the cells were negative for octamer-binding transcription factor 4 but positive for paired box 6 protein,sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase(NaKATPase),and Zona Occludens protein 1.In four of the 18 trials,the transplanted cells were found to express CK3,which indicates that the stem cells differentiated into corneal epithelial cells in these cases.CONCLUSION It is possible to get cells originating from hESCs to become established on a human DM,where they grow and differentiate into corneal endothelial-like cells in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30960450,81173110)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Nos.2011FA 022,2012BC012,2014FA010,2014FB037,2014BC012)
文摘Scutellarin(SCU), a flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Our previous study has demonstrated that SCU relaxes mouse aortic arteries mainly in an endothelium-depend-ent manner. In the present study, we investigated the vasoprotective effects of SCU against HR-induced endothelial dysfunction(ED) in isolated rat CA and the possible mechanisms involving cyclic guanosine monophosphate(c GMP) dependent protein kinase(PKG). The isolated endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat CA rings were treated with HR injury. Evaluation of endothelium-dependent and-independent vasodilation relaxation of the CA rings were performed using wire myography and the protein expressions were assayed by Western blotting. SCU(10–1 000 μmol·L-1) could relax the endothelium-intact CA rings but not endothelium-denuded ones. In the intact CA rings, the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-c GMPS(PKGI-rp, 4 μmol·L-1), significantly blocked SCU(10–1 000 μmol·L-1)-induced relaxation. The NO synthase(NOS) inhibitor, NO-nitro-L-arginine methylester(L-NAME, 100 μmol·L-1), did not significantly change the effects of SCU(10–1 000 μmol·L-1). HR treatment significantly impaired ACh-induced relaxation, which was reversed by pre-incubation with SCU(500 μmol·L-1), while HR treatment did not altered NTG-induced vasodilation. PKGI-rp(4 μmol·L-1) blocked the protective effects of SCU in HR-treated CA rings. Additionally, HR treatment reduced phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein(p-VASP,phosphorylated product of PKG), which was reversed by SCU pre-incubation, suggesting that SCU activated PKG phosphorylation against HR injury. SCU induces CA vasodilation in an endothelium-dependent manner to and repairs HR-induced impairment via activation of PKG signaling pathway.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81560589,30960450,81173110 and 81560072)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Nos.202105AF150015,202102AA310030,2018FE001(-026),2017FE467(-019),2014BC012,and 2017IC041)Yunnan Provincial Educational Department(Nos.2018JS161).
文摘Flavonoid glycoside scutellarin(SCU)has been widely applied in the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases in China.In this article,we conducted research on the working mechanisms of SCU in hypoxia reoxygenation(HR)injury of isolated cerebral basilar artery(BA)and erebral ischemia reperfusion(CIR)injury in rat models.In isolated rat BA rings,HR causes endothelial dysfunction(ED)and acetylcholine(ACh)induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation.The myography result showed that SCU(100μM)was able to significantly improve the endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by Ach.However,SCU did not affect the ACh-induced relaxation in normal BA.Further studies suggested that SCU(10-1000μM)dose-dependently induced relaxation in isolated BA rings which were significantly blocked by the cGMP dependent protein kinase(PKG)inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cGMPs(PKGI-rp,4μM).Pre-incubation with SCU(500μM)reversed the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by HR,but the reversing effect was blocked if PKGI-rp(4μM)was added.The brain slice staining test in rats’model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)induced CIR proved that the administration of SCU(45,90 mg/kg,iv)significantly reduced the area of cerebral infarction.The Western blot assay result showed that SCU(45 mg/kg,iv)increased brain PKG activity and PKG protein level after CIR surgery.In conclusion,our findings suggested that SCU possesses the ability of protecting brain cells against CIR injury through vascular endothelium protection and PKG signal.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant No.22-15-00120.
文摘Red blood cells(RBCs)are the most abundant human blood cells.RBC aggregation and deformation strongly determine blood viscosity which impacts hemorheology and microcirculation.In turn,RBC properties depend on di®erent endogenous and exogenous factors.One such factor is nitric oxide(NO),which is mainly produced by endothelial cells(EC)from L-arginine amino acid in the circulatory system.Since the mechanisms of the RBC-endothelium interplay are not clear up to date and considering its possible clinical importance,the aims of this study are to investigate in vitro:(1)The effect of L-arginine induced NO on RBC aggregation and adhesion to endothelium;(2)the NO e®ect on RBC aggregation and deformation induced by L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside without the presence of endothelium in the samples.The RBC aggregation and adhesion to a monolayer of EC were studied using optical tweezers(OT).The RBC deformability and aggregation without endothelium in the samples were studied using the flow chamber method and Myrenne aggregometer.We confirmed that NO increases deformability and decreases aggregation of RBCs.We showed that the soluble guanylate cyclase pathway appears to be the only NO signaling pathway involved.In the samples with the endothelium,the "bell-shaped"dependence of RBC aggregation force on L-arginine concentration was observed,which improves our knowledge about the process of NO production by endothelium.Additionally,data related to L-arginine accumulation by endothelium were obtained:Necessity of the presence of extracellular L-arginine stated by other authors was put under question.In our study,NO decreased the RBC-endothelium adhesion,however,the tendency appeared to be weak and was not confirmed in another set of experiments.To our knowledge,this is the first attempt to measure the forces of RBC adhesion to endothelium monolayer with OT.
文摘Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)fibers are derived from the outer integument of ovule,while little is known about cotton ovule development.In order to identify and analyze the expression of genes associated with cotton ovule development,a cDNA array approach was used to screen for genes with altered expression in cotton ovule before and after anthesis,and 25 differentially expressed genes were subsequently identified.Among them,GhlAA16 encodes a predicted polypeptide of 208 amino acids highly homologous to Arabidopsis IAA16.Molecular analysis revealed that it is a single-copy gene in cotton genome and specifically expressed in the ovule endothelium.To our knowledge,GhlAA16 is the first endothelium-specific gene isolated from cotton.Its possible function is discussed during cotton ovule formation.
文摘Men who attended a Bavarian General Medicine Practice were confidentially invented here. Two male study groups were enrolled to characterize adiposity or hypertriglyceridemia showing that these men were at baseline risk for hypertension [1]. Adverse alcohol consumption mediated dysfunction of renal endothelium as shown here and before [1]. This study found that alcohol use aggravated dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease and critical fasting blood glucose of obese men predicting then late hepatorenal disorders. Overall, two male study groups showed a relevant proportion of men who reported alcohol consumption showing then critical morning urines indicating dysfunction of renal endothelium. The present report looked also at healthy men who reported positive lifestyle behaviour and at men with nonalcohol adiposity and nonalcohol hypertriglyceridemia who then showed normal morning urines indicating functional renal endothelium. Relatively young men at risk were motivated to replace adverse alcohol use by healthy liquids without alcohol and by higher quality of food.
文摘To investigate the response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant hamster to rat cardiac xenotransplantation and the mechanism of acute vascular rejection. Methods： The animals were divided into 5 groups randomly： control group, CsA group, splenectomy group, DO splenectomy＋CsA group and D3 splenectomy＋CsA group. Hamster heart was heterotopicaly transplanted to rat abdominal cavity. The graft survival was monitored by palpation of the rat abdominal wall. The histological and ultrastructural changes of the xenogafts were investigated. NF-κB and P-selectin expression in the xenograft were detected. Heme Oxigenase-1 and Bcl-2 expression were also detected in the xenografts of different groups. Results： The mean survival time of the xenografts in control group, CsA group, splenectomy group, DO splenectomy＋CsA group and D3 splenectomy＋CsA group was 3.4±0.55, 3.8±0,45, 6.4± 1.52, 30 and 7.4 ±1.14 days. The rejected graft showed typical acute vascular rejection in control group, CsA group,splenectomy group and D3 splenectomy＋CsA group. Endothelial cells of the rejected xenograft showed dramatic assembly of ribosomes and expansion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the endothelium of the long-term survived grafts in DO splenectomy＋CsA group showed normal architecture. NF-κB and P-selectin expression were detected in the rejected xenografts. HO-1 expression was observed in the long-term survived xenografts in DO splenectomy＋CsA group. Conclusion： The endothelial cells of the xenograft might be activated during the acute vascular rejection. Expression of HO-1 might inhibit the upregulation of NF-κB and adhesion molecular which decreases the activation of the endotheliuna of the graft.
