tone fruits, also known as drupes, have evolved an extremely hard wood-like shell called a stone to protect the seeds. Recently, the market value of stoneless cultivars has risen dramatically, which highlights the nee...tone fruits, also known as drupes, have evolved an extremely hard wood-like shell called a stone to protect the seeds. Recently, the market value of stoneless cultivars has risen dramatically, which highlights the needto cultivate stoneless fruit. Therefore, determining the underlying mechanism of fruit stone development isurgently needed. By employing the stone-containing jujube cultivar 'Youhe' and two stoneless Chinese jujube cultivars, 'Wuhefeng' and 'Daguowuhe', we comprehensively studied the mechanism of fruit stone development in jujube. Anatomical analysis and lignin staining revealed that the stone cultivar 'Youhe' jujube exhibited much greater lignin accumulation in the endocarp than the two stoneless cultivars. Lignin accumulation may be the key factor in fruit stone formation. By analyzing the transcriptome data and identifying differentially expressed genes(DEGs), 49 overlapping DEGs were identified in the comparisons of 'Youhe' jujube vs. 'Wuhefeng' jujube and 'Youhe' jujube vs. 'Daguowuhe' jujube. ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD, which are involved in lignin synthesis, were identified among these DEGs. The overexpression and silencing of ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD in wild jujube seedlings further confirmed their roles in lignin synthesis. In addition, two bHLH transcription factors were included in the 49 overlapping DEGs, and bHLH transcription factor binding motifs were found in the promoters of ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD, indicating that bHLH transcription factors are also involved in lignin synthesis and stone formation in Chinese jujube. This study provides new insights into the molecular networks underlying fruit stone formation and can serve as an important reference for the molecular design and breeding of stoneless fruit cultivars of jujube and fruit trees.展开更多
Ouricuri endocarp was utilized as a biosorbent for the recovery of europium(Eu(Ⅲ))from aqueous solutions and rare earth elements(REEs)from authentic leachate derived from phosphogypsum,which encompasses various REEs....Ouricuri endocarp was utilized as a biosorbent for the recovery of europium(Eu(Ⅲ))from aqueous solutions and rare earth elements(REEs)from authentic leachate derived from phosphogypsum,which encompasses various REEs.Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze the physicochemical and adsorptive properties of the biosorbent.The results indicate that the adsorption kinetic data conform well to the pseudo-first-order model,while the Liu model describes the equilibrium data well.Ouricuri endocarp and Eu interactions are favorable and spontaneous.The maximum adsorption capacity for Eu(Ⅲ)is determined to be 22.9 mg/g according to the Liu model.Based on experimental results and adsorbent characteristics,the proposed adsorption mechanisms between ouricuri endocarp and Eu include ion exchange and electrostatic interactions as the primary mechanisms.The Eu(Ⅲ)recovery is also feasible as a continuous flow process demonstrating inclined breakthrough curves and lower values of the length of the mass transfer zone.Ouricuri endocarp demonstrates its selectivity for recovering various REEs from authentic phosphogypsum leachate.It achieves a 98%recovery rate for Eu and approximately 60%for Ce,La,and Nd,affirming its efficacy under real-world conditions.Finally,concentration of REE was done by ashing loaded ouricuri endocarp,and a solid with around 34%(in weight)of REE is obtained.展开更多
Purpose: To optimize the extraction process of vitamin C from durian endocarp, and to determine the content of vitamin C in durian endocarp with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Method: Optimize ultrason...Purpose: To optimize the extraction process of vitamin C from durian endocarp, and to determine the content of vitamin C in durian endocarp with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Method: Optimize ultrasonic extraction conditions by L9 (4<sup>3</sup>) orthogonal experiment by using octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as the stationary phase, using methanol (A): 0.1% oxalic acid (B) = 5:95 (V/V) as the mobile phase, setting the flow rate as 1.0 mL/min, and setting the wavelength as 254 nm for assay. Result: The optimal extraction process is as follows: the material-liquid ratio is 1:12, the extraction solvent is 2% oxalic acid aqueous solution, and the extraction time is 30 min;Vitamin C has a good linearity within the concentration range of 5.4 - 108.0 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>, and the regression equation is y = 37698x - 61035 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9996);the average recovery rate is 99.03%, the instruments are of high precision with good stability. Conclusion: This extraction process performs well in simplicity, costs and extraction efficiency, which may accelerate the development and utilization of vitamin C extraction from durian endocarp, and provide references to relevant studies and practices.展开更多
This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination t...This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination to the maturity of the fruit. The development of the oil palm fruit takes 5.5 months. The endocarp reaches its maximum thickness at the 70th DPP （day post-pollination）, with a water content of 72%. It then starts its dehydration, while sclerifying. It therefore isolates the seed at start and later protects it. The mesocarp is visible at anthesis and its water content is close to 92%. From the 100th DPP, it begins a continuous dehydration associated, from the 130th DPP, with an active lipids biosynthesis. Ultimately, the pericarp of the oil palm fruit fulfills both functions, namely to protect the seed by early sclerification of the endocarp and ensure the dissemination of the species by the high oil content of the mesocarp. A comparative anatomy of the pericarp tissues of the three genotypes.of E. guineensis Jacq., during the first three weeks of fruit development, will enhance the understanding of the primary effect of sh gene.展开更多
The exponential growth of agricultural wastes such as Balanite seed pod has resulted in waste management issues and finding alternatives through waste recycling is an interesting area of research.Balanite seed pods we...The exponential growth of agricultural wastes such as Balanite seed pod has resulted in waste management issues and finding alternatives through waste recycling is an interesting area of research.Balanite seed pods were collected in Yobe state,washed,dried,crushed.Balanite endocarp pod ash(BEPA)was calcined at 600°C for 3 hours in a muffle furnace and the biomass was characterized with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine its chemical composition.The analysis showed that the ash composed of silica,alumina and ferric oxide(74.24 wt.%)indicated a strong pozzolan based on American Standard.The BEPA possessed a high loss on ignition of 8.24 wt.%owing to the presence of unburnt carbon in the ash.The ash obtained was sieved with 75µm sieve and cement was replaced with ash between 2.5 wt.%~12.5 wt.%at interval of 2.5 wt.%to assess its impact on cement properties such as setting time,consistence,mortar strength and water absorption.Results showed that as percentage replacement increases,the water absorption increased while the mortar strength diminished whereas as the curing days progressed its strength improved despite clinker diminution due to cement hydration.60 days strength for below 10 wt.%BEPA cement blend produced enhanced strength compared with control which is evidence of slow pozzolanic reactions.The optimum percentage replacement with BEPA was obtained at 7.5 wt.%replacement beyond which significantly affected the cement properties especially its strength.It could be agreed that BEPA has potentials to be considered and employed as a cement replacement material.展开更多
In the effort to prove the effectiveness of watermelon endocarp extract as a hypolipidemic, the authors have done an initial experiment of lipase inhibition with the extract. The puposes of this study are to evaluate...In the effort to prove the effectiveness of watermelon endocarp extract as a hypolipidemic, the authors have done an initial experiment of lipase inhibition with the extract. The puposes of this study are to evaluate： （1） the optimum condition of lipase in the pankreoflat tablet, （2） the effect of watermelon endocarp extract in inhibition the lipase activity, and （3） the effectiveness of watermelon endocarp extract as lipase inhibitor relative to the hypolipidemic drugs （orlistat）. Watermelon endocarp was extracted by blender, squeezed and filtered. As a source of lipase has been used pankreoflat （Kimia Farina） tablet, inhibition test was performed by mixing 35 mL with substrate （olive oil） that has been coupled with one tablet （0.25 g） ofpankreoflat and extract of 50 g watermelon endocarp and then incubated at 37℃, pH 7.5 for 25 minutes. Lipase activity is indicated by the amount ofNaOH titrant which was used to neutralize the free fatty acid from hydrolysis of olive oil. The results showed that 50 g of watermelon endocarp can produce 26 mL extract and decrease the lipase activity by 70.34%, or equivalent to 85% of the effectiveness of one tablet orlistat （120 mg）, one of the hypolipidemic drugs.展开更多
基金supported by the Central Fund for Promoting Innovative Technology Development, China (236Z6801G)the Hebei Provincial Modern Seed Industry Technology Innovation Team-Dried Fruits, China (21326304D)the Construction of Innovative Teams for the Modern Agricultural Industry System in Hebei Province, China (HBCT2023120210, HBCT2024190203)。
文摘tone fruits, also known as drupes, have evolved an extremely hard wood-like shell called a stone to protect the seeds. Recently, the market value of stoneless cultivars has risen dramatically, which highlights the needto cultivate stoneless fruit. Therefore, determining the underlying mechanism of fruit stone development isurgently needed. By employing the stone-containing jujube cultivar 'Youhe' and two stoneless Chinese jujube cultivars, 'Wuhefeng' and 'Daguowuhe', we comprehensively studied the mechanism of fruit stone development in jujube. Anatomical analysis and lignin staining revealed that the stone cultivar 'Youhe' jujube exhibited much greater lignin accumulation in the endocarp than the two stoneless cultivars. Lignin accumulation may be the key factor in fruit stone formation. By analyzing the transcriptome data and identifying differentially expressed genes(DEGs), 49 overlapping DEGs were identified in the comparisons of 'Youhe' jujube vs. 'Wuhefeng' jujube and 'Youhe' jujube vs. 'Daguowuhe' jujube. ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD, which are involved in lignin synthesis, were identified among these DEGs. The overexpression and silencing of ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD in wild jujube seedlings further confirmed their roles in lignin synthesis. In addition, two bHLH transcription factors were included in the 49 overlapping DEGs, and bHLH transcription factor binding motifs were found in the promoters of ZjF6H1-3 and ZjPOD, indicating that bHLH transcription factors are also involved in lignin synthesis and stone formation in Chinese jujube. This study provides new insights into the molecular networks underlying fruit stone formation and can serve as an important reference for the molecular design and breeding of stoneless fruit cultivars of jujube and fruit trees.
基金Project supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/CNPq(405982/2022-4 and 303992/2021-2)。
文摘Ouricuri endocarp was utilized as a biosorbent for the recovery of europium(Eu(Ⅲ))from aqueous solutions and rare earth elements(REEs)from authentic leachate derived from phosphogypsum,which encompasses various REEs.Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze the physicochemical and adsorptive properties of the biosorbent.The results indicate that the adsorption kinetic data conform well to the pseudo-first-order model,while the Liu model describes the equilibrium data well.Ouricuri endocarp and Eu interactions are favorable and spontaneous.The maximum adsorption capacity for Eu(Ⅲ)is determined to be 22.9 mg/g according to the Liu model.Based on experimental results and adsorbent characteristics,the proposed adsorption mechanisms between ouricuri endocarp and Eu include ion exchange and electrostatic interactions as the primary mechanisms.The Eu(Ⅲ)recovery is also feasible as a continuous flow process demonstrating inclined breakthrough curves and lower values of the length of the mass transfer zone.Ouricuri endocarp demonstrates its selectivity for recovering various REEs from authentic phosphogypsum leachate.It achieves a 98%recovery rate for Eu and approximately 60%for Ce,La,and Nd,affirming its efficacy under real-world conditions.Finally,concentration of REE was done by ashing loaded ouricuri endocarp,and a solid with around 34%(in weight)of REE is obtained.
文摘Purpose: To optimize the extraction process of vitamin C from durian endocarp, and to determine the content of vitamin C in durian endocarp with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Method: Optimize ultrasonic extraction conditions by L9 (4<sup>3</sup>) orthogonal experiment by using octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as the stationary phase, using methanol (A): 0.1% oxalic acid (B) = 5:95 (V/V) as the mobile phase, setting the flow rate as 1.0 mL/min, and setting the wavelength as 254 nm for assay. Result: The optimal extraction process is as follows: the material-liquid ratio is 1:12, the extraction solvent is 2% oxalic acid aqueous solution, and the extraction time is 30 min;Vitamin C has a good linearity within the concentration range of 5.4 - 108.0 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>, and the regression equation is y = 37698x - 61035 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9996);the average recovery rate is 99.03%, the instruments are of high precision with good stability. Conclusion: This extraction process performs well in simplicity, costs and extraction efficiency, which may accelerate the development and utilization of vitamin C extraction from durian endocarp, and provide references to relevant studies and practices.
文摘This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination to the maturity of the fruit. The development of the oil palm fruit takes 5.5 months. The endocarp reaches its maximum thickness at the 70th DPP （day post-pollination）, with a water content of 72%. It then starts its dehydration, while sclerifying. It therefore isolates the seed at start and later protects it. The mesocarp is visible at anthesis and its water content is close to 92%. From the 100th DPP, it begins a continuous dehydration associated, from the 130th DPP, with an active lipids biosynthesis. Ultimately, the pericarp of the oil palm fruit fulfills both functions, namely to protect the seed by early sclerification of the endocarp and ensure the dissemination of the species by the high oil content of the mesocarp. A comparative anatomy of the pericarp tissues of the three genotypes.of E. guineensis Jacq., during the first three weeks of fruit development, will enhance the understanding of the primary effect of sh gene.
文摘The exponential growth of agricultural wastes such as Balanite seed pod has resulted in waste management issues and finding alternatives through waste recycling is an interesting area of research.Balanite seed pods were collected in Yobe state,washed,dried,crushed.Balanite endocarp pod ash(BEPA)was calcined at 600°C for 3 hours in a muffle furnace and the biomass was characterized with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine its chemical composition.The analysis showed that the ash composed of silica,alumina and ferric oxide(74.24 wt.%)indicated a strong pozzolan based on American Standard.The BEPA possessed a high loss on ignition of 8.24 wt.%owing to the presence of unburnt carbon in the ash.The ash obtained was sieved with 75µm sieve and cement was replaced with ash between 2.5 wt.%~12.5 wt.%at interval of 2.5 wt.%to assess its impact on cement properties such as setting time,consistence,mortar strength and water absorption.Results showed that as percentage replacement increases,the water absorption increased while the mortar strength diminished whereas as the curing days progressed its strength improved despite clinker diminution due to cement hydration.60 days strength for below 10 wt.%BEPA cement blend produced enhanced strength compared with control which is evidence of slow pozzolanic reactions.The optimum percentage replacement with BEPA was obtained at 7.5 wt.%replacement beyond which significantly affected the cement properties especially its strength.It could be agreed that BEPA has potentials to be considered and employed as a cement replacement material.
文摘In the effort to prove the effectiveness of watermelon endocarp extract as a hypolipidemic, the authors have done an initial experiment of lipase inhibition with the extract. The puposes of this study are to evaluate： （1） the optimum condition of lipase in the pankreoflat tablet, （2） the effect of watermelon endocarp extract in inhibition the lipase activity, and （3） the effectiveness of watermelon endocarp extract as lipase inhibitor relative to the hypolipidemic drugs （orlistat）. Watermelon endocarp was extracted by blender, squeezed and filtered. As a source of lipase has been used pankreoflat （Kimia Farina） tablet, inhibition test was performed by mixing 35 mL with substrate （olive oil） that has been coupled with one tablet （0.25 g） ofpankreoflat and extract of 50 g watermelon endocarp and then incubated at 37℃, pH 7.5 for 25 minutes. Lipase activity is indicated by the amount ofNaOH titrant which was used to neutralize the free fatty acid from hydrolysis of olive oil. The results showed that 50 g of watermelon endocarp can produce 26 mL extract and decrease the lipase activity by 70.34%, or equivalent to 85% of the effectiveness of one tablet orlistat （120 mg）, one of the hypolipidemic drugs.
