[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in t...[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River.This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition,biodiversity patterns,and niche parameters of dominant species.Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5).[Results]The eDNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera,13 families,and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(eDNA)in this survey,including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus.The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling,settling ovum-producing,omnivorous fish.The variation ranges of the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index,and Simpson index are 736~996,719~965,1.58~3.23,and 0.83~0.99,respectively,indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high.All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points.Cluster analysis showed that,at a certain similarity level,fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups:ZT1,ZT3,and ZT5 clustered together,and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together,indicating similar fish community habitats.There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve,with niche widths(Bi)ranging from 1.13 to 3.87.The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish,such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi,with the niche overlap index(Oik)of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0.95.This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground.[Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition.This study establishes an eDNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method,providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.展开更多
Exploring the worldwide patterns of endemism and the processes that lead to the formation of highendemism centers is crucial in biogeography.This study examines the geographic distribution and ecological influences on...Exploring the worldwide patterns of endemism and the processes that lead to the formation of highendemism centers is crucial in biogeography.This study examines the geographic distribution and ecological influences on the endemism of liverworts across 390 regions worldwide.We assess phylogenetic endemism and relative phylogenetic endemism in relation to eleven environmental factors,which represent current and Quaternary climate variations,as well as topographic and environmental heterogeneity.Areas with higher endemism in liverworts tend to have higher temperatures,precipitation,and environmental heterogeneity,but lower temperature seasonality and lesser impacts from Quaternary climate changes.Regions exhibiting notably high endemism are predominantly found in tropical Asia,Madagascar,eastern Australia,and the Andes,while those with notably low endemism are generally in temperate Eurasia and North America,parts of Africa,and eastern South America.Centers of neo-endemism are mainly in southern Africa,whereas centers of paleo-endemism are in southern South America,tropical Asia,and New Zealand.Environment variability is a more significant predictor of phylogenetic endemism than current climate conditions,which are themselves more predictive than variables related to Quaternary climate changes.Nevertheless,these three types of explanatory variables combined explain only about one-third of the variance in phylogenetic endemism.展开更多
Salt stress might be an important factor that decreases the emergence of seedlings and reduces plants'growth,causing their endangered status.However,the effects of salt stress on the germination of the Mediterrane...Salt stress might be an important factor that decreases the emergence of seedlings and reduces plants'growth,causing their endangered status.However,the effects of salt stress on the germination of the Mediterranean species are less concern.Limonium strictissimum(Salzm.)Arrigoni,part of the group related to Limonium articulatum(Loisel.)Kuntze,is a Cyrno-Sardinian endemism,which is included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red Lists as Endangered(EN).Fresh seeds of L.strictissimum harvested from the only known population in Sardinia and a population in southeastern Corsica were used with the aims to study the effects of temperature and salinity on the seed germination and to evaluate the ability to recover their germination after exposure to salt stress.In both populations,empty fruits with a lower percentage were observed in Sardinia than in Corsica.The seeds showed a high germination capacity,which was not influenced by temperature and did not even differ between the two populations.Compared with non-saline condition,the presence of salt in the substrate,independently of the concentration tested,inhibited seed germination in both populations,with germination percentages never exceeding 40%.The Sardinian population showed a recovery capacity after exposure to high salt stress,always above 50%regardless of the salt concentration and incubation temperature considered.The seeds previously exposed to 125 mM NaCl at 30℃ had the lowest recovery percentage(56%),while the highest recovery percentage(84%)was recorded at 25℃ with a concentration of 250 mM NaCl.Differently,the Corsican population recorded a higher recovery percentage(54%)in seeds previously exposed to 500 mM NaCl at 20℃,while for the concentration of 125 mM NaCl,the best recovery percentage(11%)was recorded at 30℃.The ability of L.strictissimum to recover germination after salt exposure can be interpreted as an adaptation to the coastal habitats in which it grows.This study provides new insights into the ecophysiology of L.strictissimum seed germination,which could help preserve and implement effective conservation measures for this endangered species with restricted populations.展开更多
Gebel Katrina,located in the Saint Catherine Protectorate of South Sinai(Egypt),is a biologically rich area with diverse plant communities shaped by factors such as elevation,slope,soil type,and precipitation.This stu...Gebel Katrina,located in the Saint Catherine Protectorate of South Sinai(Egypt),is a biologically rich area with diverse plant communities shaped by factors such as elevation,slope,soil type,and precipitation.This study was designed to examine the vegetation structure,update the occurrence of endemic taxa,and investigate the impact of environmental conditions and landform types on plant disruption in the region.The primary objective of this study was to analyze the behavior and distribution of the most common species across major environmental gradients.Between 2022 and 2024,49 stands were randomly collected within the study area characterized by relatively uniform vegetation and physiography and represent as much as possible the four major landform types(terraces,slopes,ridges,and gorges).The selected stands were distributed as follows:terraces(12 stands),slopes(9 stands),ridges(9 stands),and gorges(19 stands).For the analysis of the biological spectrum,a growth-form system with four categories was utilized:trees(T),shrubs(S),perennial herbs(PH),and annual herbs(A).Soil analyses were conducted for composite samples from the 49 stands.For each recorded species,nativity,species diversity measurements,endemism,and IUCN conservation status were depicted.Multivariate analysis techniques were used to assess the classification of the 49 stands in various landforms,and ordination with soil variables were applied using different software.A total of 137 taxa were recorded from Gebel Katrina area belonging to 39 families(1 Pteridaceae,1 Ephedraceae,and 37 Angiospermae),of which 16 were endemics,which indicates the mountain's significance as a biodiversity hotspot.Of these endemic taxa,nine were classified as Endangered(EN)and four as Least Concern(LC),together accounting for over 80%of the endemic flora.The largest angiosperm families with the highest numbers of species included Asteraceae,Lamiaceae,Poaceae,Brassicaceae,Caryophyllaceae and Fabaceae.These six families constituted more than 30%of the recorded flora.Shrubs and perennial herbs were the predominant growth forms,collectively comprising over 70%of the total flora.Native taxa comprised the dominant component of the recorded flora,accounting for 80 species(58.4%of the total).In contrast,non-native taxa were limited to two annual grasses.Analysis of IUCN Red List proportions revealed a predominance of EN taxa,accounting for 52 taxa(37.9%),followed by Least Concern(LC)taxa with 36 taxa(26.3%).Together,these two categories constituted over 60%of the total assessed flora.Hierarchical cluster analysis of a presence/absence data matrix(49 stands×91 species after removal of species with occurrences<5%),using the Sørensen(Bray-Curtis)method,identified eight distinct vegetation clusters.Each cluster is characterized by one or more dominant species,distinguished by their highest percentage of occurrence(f)within their respective group.Apart from soil reaction(pH)and diversity indices(species richness and Shannon’s index),ANOVA test showed high significant differences in most of the measured environmental variables among the obtained cluster groups(A-H).Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)showed direct correlations between the 7 examined environmental variables and plant species composition in Gebel Katrina.The eight cluster groups were separated along axes 1 and 2 of the diagram.The species-environment correlations were high for the three axes explaining 63.0%of the cumulative variance.The stands of groups(E)and(G)were correlated with coarse sand,stands of group(B)were highly correlated with electric conductivity(EC),and stands of group(F)were correlated with elevation.The endemic flora of Gebel Katrina faces multiple anthropogenic and environmental threats.Overgrazing by livestock,excessive harvesting of plants for fuelwood and traditional medicinal uses,and habitat degradation due to land-use changes have led to significant depletion of vegetation cover and biodiversity loss.展开更多
Dengue virus(DENV)is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus within the Flaviviridae family.Four serotypes,DENV 1-4,are distributed globally[1].Hanoi metropolitan city is an endemi...Dengue virus(DENV)is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus within the Flaviviridae family.Four serotypes,DENV 1-4,are distributed globally[1].Hanoi metropolitan city is an endemic hotspot for DENV transmission in Vietnam[2,3].The largest outbreak occurred in 2017,with more than 36000 cases and 7 deaths reported,causing by all four serotypes with the predominance of DENV1,following by DENV2[4,5].During the following dengue season,we collected 390 blood and serum samples from 197 hospitalized patients in a national hospital in Hanoi city,Northern Vietnam to identify the circulating DENV serotypes responsible for the 2018-2019 outbreak.展开更多
Hepatitis A,a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus,is undergoing significant epidemiological shifts worldwide.Traditionally considered a disease of childhood in endemic regions,improved ...Hepatitis A,a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus,is undergoing significant epidemiological shifts worldwide.Traditionally considered a disease of childhood in endemic regions,improved sanitation,economic development,and widespread vaccination have led to a decline in incidence,particularly in developed nations.However,this decline has resulted in a growing population of susceptible adults,increasing the risk of severe outbreaks.Additionally,changes in travel patterns,urbanization,and socioeconomic disparities have altered disease distribution,leading to sporadic outbreaks in low-endemicity regions and a rising burden in certain high-risk populations.This review explores the evolving epidemiology of hepatitis A,emphasizing the transition from endemic childhood infections to adult susceptibility.We examine the impact of changing risk factors,including shifting demographics,increased international travel,and regional disparities in vaccination coverage.Furthermore,the review highlights the emergence of new viral strains and their potential implications for disease control.Updated vaccination policies,including targeted immunization strategies and their role in preventing outbreaks,are also discussed.Given these dynamic changes,continued surveillance and public health preparedness tailored to evolving risk groups are crucial for sustained hepatitis A control.By synthesizing recent epidemiological data and policy updates,this review provides insights into the future of hepatitis A prevention and control,offering guidance for clinicians,researchers,and public health professionals.展开更多
Malaria is considered one of the major causes of travel-related morbidity and mortality,especially among non-immune travelers from non-endemic countries to the endemic regions.According to a multicenter study from the...Malaria is considered one of the major causes of travel-related morbidity and mortality,especially among non-immune travelers from non-endemic countries to the endemic regions.According to a multicenter study from the GeoSentinel surveillance network,malaria was the most frequent cause of fever in 21%of returning travelers,followed by dengue,typhoid fever,chikungunya and rickettsiosis[1].Individuals traveling from regions without malaria transmission to areas where it is endemic face a heightened risk of contracting the disease due to their lack of immunity.Despite the official malaria-free status of the Russian Federation since 2010,annual cases of severe Plasmodium(P.)falciparum malaria continue to be reported[2].This underscores the necessity for heightened clinical vigilance and improved preventive strategies especially in non-endemic settings.展开更多
The Andaman Islands,part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot,holds unique florawith many endemic and threatened species.However,this fragile diversity is under increasing pressure from infrastructure expansion,clim...The Andaman Islands,part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot,holds unique florawith many endemic and threatened species.However,this fragile diversity is under increasing pressure from infrastructure expansion,climate change and habitat fragmentation.The recently announced Great Nicobar Island Development project by the Government of India,which includes an international transhipment terminal,airport,township and power plant,if implemented,would cause major habitat loss and fragmentation,possibly leading to species extinctions.展开更多
This paper provides the diversity assessment of the tree species in Sitio <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora including the endemism and ecological status. A t...This paper provides the diversity assessment of the tree species in Sitio <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora including the endemism and ecological status. A total of 2239 individuals from 139 morphospecies, 87 genera and 46 families were recorded. A total of 48 Philippine endemic species and 2 Aurora Endemic species were found and at least 29 threatened species were listed either in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and Philippine List of Threatened Species. Results of the tree diversity showed that the area is highly diverse being a well-protected and well-managed area.展开更多
Vast grasslands are found in the walnut-fruit forest region of southern Kyrgyzstan,Middle Asia.Located above the worldwide unique walnutfruit forests and used for grazing,they play a pivotal role in the mixed mountain...Vast grasslands are found in the walnut-fruit forest region of southern Kyrgyzstan,Middle Asia.Located above the worldwide unique walnutfruit forests and used for grazing,they play a pivotal role in the mixed mountain agriculture of local farmers.Accordingly,these pastures are subject to an increasing utilization pressure reflecting the changing political and social conditions in the transformation process from a Soviet republic to an independent state.A first detailed analysis of mountain pasture vegetation in the Ferghana Range answers the following questions:What are the main plant community types among Kyrgyzstan's mountain pastures? What are the main environmental gradients that shape their species composition? Which phytogeographical distribution types are predominant? How does grazing affect community composition and species richness in these grasslands? Species composition was classified by cluster analysis;underlying environmental gradients were explored using DCA.A dataset of 395 relevés was used for classification,and a subset of 79 relevés was used in a DCA to analyze the correlation between vegetation,environment,and grazing impact.The investigated pastures were classified into four distinctive plant communities.The site factors altitude,heat load,inclination and grazing impact were found to be the major determinants of the vegetation pattern.A significant overlap between floristic composition and structural and spatial properties was shown.The majority of the species pool consisted of Middle Asian endemics and Eurosiberian species.However,disturbance-tolerant species played a significant role with respect to species composition and coverage of the herbaceous layer in vast areas of southern Kyrgyzstan's mountain pastures.In general,an intense grazing impact is clearly reflected by both species composition and structural variables of plant communities.The highly diverse and unique ecosystem is modified by an increasing utilization pressure.In order to maintain vital processes and functioning of this valuable ecosystem-in both economical and ecological terms-,it is indispensable to adopt appropriate pasture management strategies.展开更多
Altai (also named Altay in China) Mountain Country (Mountain System) is a unique natural region,located on the border between different floristic regimes of the Boreal and ancient Mediterranean sub-kingdoms,where dist...Altai (also named Altay in China) Mountain Country (Mountain System) is a unique natural region,located on the border between different floristic regimes of the Boreal and ancient Mediterranean sub-kingdoms,where distribution of plant species is actually limited. It is known to have sufficient endemic floral biodiversity in the Northern Asia. Many plants of Altai Mountain System need effective care and proper conservation measures for their survival and longer-term protection. Important Plant Area identified as the IUCN (the International Union for Conservation of Nature),specified criteria attract global attention for protection of floral biodiversity across the world. The records of 71 plant species from the Chinese Altai Mountains attributed to the criterion A and the dark conifer forests of Chinese Altai Mountains satisfied the criterion C,which may help qualify to fulfill the national obligation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.展开更多
Sacred groves are patches of forests preserved for their spiri- tual and religious significance. The practice gained relevance with the spread of agriculture that caused large-scale deforestation affecting bio- divers...Sacred groves are patches of forests preserved for their spiri- tual and religious significance. The practice gained relevance with the spread of agriculture that caused large-scale deforestation affecting bio- diversity and watersheds. Sacred groves may lose their prominence nowadays, but are still relevant in Indian rural landscapes inhabited by traditional communities. The recent rise of interest in this tradition encouraged scientific study that despite its pan-Indian distribution, focused on India＇s northeast, Western Ghats and east coast either for their global/regional importance or unique ecosystems. Most studies focused on flora, mainly angiosperms, and the faunal studies concentrated on vertebrates while lower life fomas were grossly neglected. Studies on ecosystem functioning are few although observations are available. Most studies attributed watershed protection values to sacred groves but hardly highlighted hydrological process or water yield in comparison with other land use types. The grove studies require diversification from a stereo- typed path and must move towards creating credible scientific foundations for conservation. Documentation should continue in unexplored areas but more work is needed on basic ecological functions and ecosystem dynamics to strengthen planning for scientifically sound sacred grove management.展开更多
文摘[Objective]Implementation of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban policy may alter fish diversity and niche characteristics of dominant species in spawning grounds within the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Yangtze River.This study initiated continuous monitoring of natural spawning habitats from February 2022 to assess these ecological changes.[Methods]Environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding was employed to analyze fish species composition,biodiversity patterns,and niche parameters of dominant species.Water sampling followed the CEN/TS 19461 standard across five monitoring transects(ZT1-ZT5).[Results]The eDNA analysis detected 45 species of fish belonging to 38 genera,13 families,and 3 orders were detected through environmental DNA(eDNA)in this survey,including 10 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,such as Procypris rabaudi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus.The fish community was mainly composed of bottom-dwelling,settling ovum-producing,omnivorous fish.The variation ranges of the Chao1 index,ACE index,Shannon index,and Simpson index are 736~996,719~965,1.58~3.23,and 0.83~0.99,respectively,indicating that fish species in spawning sites are abundant and community distribution uniformity is high.All indexes are highest at ZT1 monitoring points.Cluster analysis showed that,at a certain similarity level,fish community types in spawning sites could be basically divided into two groups:ZT1,ZT3,and ZT5 clustered together,and ZT2 and ZT4 clustered together,indicating similar fish community habitats.There are 9 dominant fish species in typical deep pool habitats in the reserve,with niche widths(Bi)ranging from 1.13 to 3.87.The dominant fish species are broad and medium niche fish,such as Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter tchangi,with the niche overlap index(Oik)of some dominant fish species reaching more than 0.95.This indicates fierce competition for resources among the fish in this spawning ground.[Conclusion]The Zhutuo spawning ground demonstrates high species richness with homogeneous community structure and intense resource competition.This study establishes an eDNA-based monitoring framework that enhances conventional survey method,providing critical baseline data for adaptive management under the fishing moratorium regime.
文摘Exploring the worldwide patterns of endemism and the processes that lead to the formation of highendemism centers is crucial in biogeography.This study examines the geographic distribution and ecological influences on the endemism of liverworts across 390 regions worldwide.We assess phylogenetic endemism and relative phylogenetic endemism in relation to eleven environmental factors,which represent current and Quaternary climate variations,as well as topographic and environmental heterogeneity.Areas with higher endemism in liverworts tend to have higher temperatures,precipitation,and environmental heterogeneity,but lower temperature seasonality and lesser impacts from Quaternary climate changes.Regions exhibiting notably high endemism are predominantly found in tropical Asia,Madagascar,eastern Australia,and the Andes,while those with notably low endemism are generally in temperate Eurasia and North America,parts of Africa,and eastern South America.Centers of neo-endemism are mainly in southern Africa,whereas centers of paleo-endemism are in southern South America,tropical Asia,and New Zealand.Environment variability is a more significant predictor of phylogenetic endemism than current climate conditions,which are themselves more predictive than variables related to Quaternary climate changes.Nevertheless,these three types of explanatory variables combined explain only about one-third of the variance in phylogenetic endemism.
基金funded by the Life Seedforce(Life20 NAT/IT/001468)。
文摘Salt stress might be an important factor that decreases the emergence of seedlings and reduces plants'growth,causing their endangered status.However,the effects of salt stress on the germination of the Mediterranean species are less concern.Limonium strictissimum(Salzm.)Arrigoni,part of the group related to Limonium articulatum(Loisel.)Kuntze,is a Cyrno-Sardinian endemism,which is included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red Lists as Endangered(EN).Fresh seeds of L.strictissimum harvested from the only known population in Sardinia and a population in southeastern Corsica were used with the aims to study the effects of temperature and salinity on the seed germination and to evaluate the ability to recover their germination after exposure to salt stress.In both populations,empty fruits with a lower percentage were observed in Sardinia than in Corsica.The seeds showed a high germination capacity,which was not influenced by temperature and did not even differ between the two populations.Compared with non-saline condition,the presence of salt in the substrate,independently of the concentration tested,inhibited seed germination in both populations,with germination percentages never exceeding 40%.The Sardinian population showed a recovery capacity after exposure to high salt stress,always above 50%regardless of the salt concentration and incubation temperature considered.The seeds previously exposed to 125 mM NaCl at 30℃ had the lowest recovery percentage(56%),while the highest recovery percentage(84%)was recorded at 25℃ with a concentration of 250 mM NaCl.Differently,the Corsican population recorded a higher recovery percentage(54%)in seeds previously exposed to 500 mM NaCl at 20℃,while for the concentration of 125 mM NaCl,the best recovery percentage(11%)was recorded at 30℃.The ability of L.strictissimum to recover germination after salt exposure can be interpreted as an adaptation to the coastal habitats in which it grows.This study provides new insights into the ecophysiology of L.strictissimum seed germination,which could help preserve and implement effective conservation measures for this endangered species with restricted populations.
文摘Gebel Katrina,located in the Saint Catherine Protectorate of South Sinai(Egypt),is a biologically rich area with diverse plant communities shaped by factors such as elevation,slope,soil type,and precipitation.This study was designed to examine the vegetation structure,update the occurrence of endemic taxa,and investigate the impact of environmental conditions and landform types on plant disruption in the region.The primary objective of this study was to analyze the behavior and distribution of the most common species across major environmental gradients.Between 2022 and 2024,49 stands were randomly collected within the study area characterized by relatively uniform vegetation and physiography and represent as much as possible the four major landform types(terraces,slopes,ridges,and gorges).The selected stands were distributed as follows:terraces(12 stands),slopes(9 stands),ridges(9 stands),and gorges(19 stands).For the analysis of the biological spectrum,a growth-form system with four categories was utilized:trees(T),shrubs(S),perennial herbs(PH),and annual herbs(A).Soil analyses were conducted for composite samples from the 49 stands.For each recorded species,nativity,species diversity measurements,endemism,and IUCN conservation status were depicted.Multivariate analysis techniques were used to assess the classification of the 49 stands in various landforms,and ordination with soil variables were applied using different software.A total of 137 taxa were recorded from Gebel Katrina area belonging to 39 families(1 Pteridaceae,1 Ephedraceae,and 37 Angiospermae),of which 16 were endemics,which indicates the mountain's significance as a biodiversity hotspot.Of these endemic taxa,nine were classified as Endangered(EN)and four as Least Concern(LC),together accounting for over 80%of the endemic flora.The largest angiosperm families with the highest numbers of species included Asteraceae,Lamiaceae,Poaceae,Brassicaceae,Caryophyllaceae and Fabaceae.These six families constituted more than 30%of the recorded flora.Shrubs and perennial herbs were the predominant growth forms,collectively comprising over 70%of the total flora.Native taxa comprised the dominant component of the recorded flora,accounting for 80 species(58.4%of the total).In contrast,non-native taxa were limited to two annual grasses.Analysis of IUCN Red List proportions revealed a predominance of EN taxa,accounting for 52 taxa(37.9%),followed by Least Concern(LC)taxa with 36 taxa(26.3%).Together,these two categories constituted over 60%of the total assessed flora.Hierarchical cluster analysis of a presence/absence data matrix(49 stands×91 species after removal of species with occurrences<5%),using the Sørensen(Bray-Curtis)method,identified eight distinct vegetation clusters.Each cluster is characterized by one or more dominant species,distinguished by their highest percentage of occurrence(f)within their respective group.Apart from soil reaction(pH)and diversity indices(species richness and Shannon’s index),ANOVA test showed high significant differences in most of the measured environmental variables among the obtained cluster groups(A-H).Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)showed direct correlations between the 7 examined environmental variables and plant species composition in Gebel Katrina.The eight cluster groups were separated along axes 1 and 2 of the diagram.The species-environment correlations were high for the three axes explaining 63.0%of the cumulative variance.The stands of groups(E)and(G)were correlated with coarse sand,stands of group(B)were highly correlated with electric conductivity(EC),and stands of group(F)were correlated with elevation.The endemic flora of Gebel Katrina faces multiple anthropogenic and environmental threats.Overgrazing by livestock,excessive harvesting of plants for fuelwood and traditional medicinal uses,and habitat degradation due to land-use changes have led to significant depletion of vegetation cover and biodiversity loss.
基金the“Metropolitan Mosquitoes Project”funded by the Swedish Research Council for Environment,Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning(Formas,grant number 2016-00364).
文摘Dengue virus(DENV)is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus within the Flaviviridae family.Four serotypes,DENV 1-4,are distributed globally[1].Hanoi metropolitan city is an endemic hotspot for DENV transmission in Vietnam[2,3].The largest outbreak occurred in 2017,with more than 36000 cases and 7 deaths reported,causing by all four serotypes with the predominance of DENV1,following by DENV2[4,5].During the following dengue season,we collected 390 blood and serum samples from 197 hospitalized patients in a national hospital in Hanoi city,Northern Vietnam to identify the circulating DENV serotypes responsible for the 2018-2019 outbreak.
文摘Hepatitis A,a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus,is undergoing significant epidemiological shifts worldwide.Traditionally considered a disease of childhood in endemic regions,improved sanitation,economic development,and widespread vaccination have led to a decline in incidence,particularly in developed nations.However,this decline has resulted in a growing population of susceptible adults,increasing the risk of severe outbreaks.Additionally,changes in travel patterns,urbanization,and socioeconomic disparities have altered disease distribution,leading to sporadic outbreaks in low-endemicity regions and a rising burden in certain high-risk populations.This review explores the evolving epidemiology of hepatitis A,emphasizing the transition from endemic childhood infections to adult susceptibility.We examine the impact of changing risk factors,including shifting demographics,increased international travel,and regional disparities in vaccination coverage.Furthermore,the review highlights the emergence of new viral strains and their potential implications for disease control.Updated vaccination policies,including targeted immunization strategies and their role in preventing outbreaks,are also discussed.Given these dynamic changes,continued surveillance and public health preparedness tailored to evolving risk groups are crucial for sustained hepatitis A control.By synthesizing recent epidemiological data and policy updates,this review provides insights into the future of hepatitis A prevention and control,offering guidance for clinicians,researchers,and public health professionals.
文摘Malaria is considered one of the major causes of travel-related morbidity and mortality,especially among non-immune travelers from non-endemic countries to the endemic regions.According to a multicenter study from the GeoSentinel surveillance network,malaria was the most frequent cause of fever in 21%of returning travelers,followed by dengue,typhoid fever,chikungunya and rickettsiosis[1].Individuals traveling from regions without malaria transmission to areas where it is endemic face a heightened risk of contracting the disease due to their lack of immunity.Despite the official malaria-free status of the Russian Federation since 2010,annual cases of severe Plasmodium(P.)falciparum malaria continue to be reported[2].This underscores the necessity for heightened clinical vigilance and improved preventive strategies especially in non-endemic settings.
基金supported by the Global Genome Initiative for Gardens(GGI-Gardens Award),United States Botanic Garden and Botanic Gardens Conservation International,United Kingdom(Grant No.GGI/2024/1).
文摘The Andaman Islands,part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot,holds unique florawith many endemic and threatened species.However,this fragile diversity is under increasing pressure from infrastructure expansion,climate change and habitat fragmentation.The recently announced Great Nicobar Island Development project by the Government of India,which includes an international transhipment terminal,airport,township and power plant,if implemented,would cause major habitat loss and fragmentation,possibly leading to species extinctions.
文摘This paper provides the diversity assessment of the tree species in Sitio <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Dicasalarin, Barangay Zabali, Baler, Aurora including the endemism and ecological status. A total of 2239 individuals from 139 morphospecies, 87 genera and 46 families were recorded. A total of 48 Philippine endemic species and 2 Aurora Endemic species were found and at least 29 threatened species were listed either in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and Philippine List of Threatened Species. Results of the tree diversity showed that the area is highly diverse being a well-protected and well-managed area.
基金the joint project "The Impact of the Transformation Process on Human-Environmental Interactions in Southern Kyrgyzstan" supported by the Volkswagen Foundation
文摘Vast grasslands are found in the walnut-fruit forest region of southern Kyrgyzstan,Middle Asia.Located above the worldwide unique walnutfruit forests and used for grazing,they play a pivotal role in the mixed mountain agriculture of local farmers.Accordingly,these pastures are subject to an increasing utilization pressure reflecting the changing political and social conditions in the transformation process from a Soviet republic to an independent state.A first detailed analysis of mountain pasture vegetation in the Ferghana Range answers the following questions:What are the main plant community types among Kyrgyzstan's mountain pastures? What are the main environmental gradients that shape their species composition? Which phytogeographical distribution types are predominant? How does grazing affect community composition and species richness in these grasslands? Species composition was classified by cluster analysis;underlying environmental gradients were explored using DCA.A dataset of 395 relevés was used for classification,and a subset of 79 relevés was used in a DCA to analyze the correlation between vegetation,environment,and grazing impact.The investigated pastures were classified into four distinctive plant communities.The site factors altitude,heat load,inclination and grazing impact were found to be the major determinants of the vegetation pattern.A significant overlap between floristic composition and structural and spatial properties was shown.The majority of the species pool consisted of Middle Asian endemics and Eurosiberian species.However,disturbance-tolerant species played a significant role with respect to species composition and coverage of the herbaceous layer in vast areas of southern Kyrgyzstan's mountain pastures.In general,an intense grazing impact is clearly reflected by both species composition and structural variables of plant communities.The highly diverse and unique ecosystem is modified by an increasing utilization pressure.In order to maintain vital processes and functioning of this valuable ecosystem-in both economical and ecological terms-,it is indispensable to adopt appropriate pasture management strategies.
基金supported by the Xinjiang Committee of Science and Technology (200933122)
文摘Altai (also named Altay in China) Mountain Country (Mountain System) is a unique natural region,located on the border between different floristic regimes of the Boreal and ancient Mediterranean sub-kingdoms,where distribution of plant species is actually limited. It is known to have sufficient endemic floral biodiversity in the Northern Asia. Many plants of Altai Mountain System need effective care and proper conservation measures for their survival and longer-term protection. Important Plant Area identified as the IUCN (the International Union for Conservation of Nature),specified criteria attract global attention for protection of floral biodiversity across the world. The records of 71 plant species from the Chinese Altai Mountains attributed to the criterion A and the dark conifer forests of Chinese Altai Mountains satisfied the criterion C,which may help qualify to fulfill the national obligation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
基金the funding from Indian Institute of Science for pursuing the research work
文摘Sacred groves are patches of forests preserved for their spiri- tual and religious significance. The practice gained relevance with the spread of agriculture that caused large-scale deforestation affecting bio- diversity and watersheds. Sacred groves may lose their prominence nowadays, but are still relevant in Indian rural landscapes inhabited by traditional communities. The recent rise of interest in this tradition encouraged scientific study that despite its pan-Indian distribution, focused on India＇s northeast, Western Ghats and east coast either for their global/regional importance or unique ecosystems. Most studies focused on flora, mainly angiosperms, and the faunal studies concentrated on vertebrates while lower life fomas were grossly neglected. Studies on ecosystem functioning are few although observations are available. Most studies attributed watershed protection values to sacred groves but hardly highlighted hydrological process or water yield in comparison with other land use types. The grove studies require diversification from a stereo- typed path and must move towards creating credible scientific foundations for conservation. Documentation should continue in unexplored areas but more work is needed on basic ecological functions and ecosystem dynamics to strengthen planning for scientifically sound sacred grove management.
