3月22日,Major All Stars总决赛在马来西亚首度吉隆坡落下帷幕,代表中国参赛的iG收获了最终冠军。值得一提的是,这也是B神加盟iG以来收获的首个线下赛冠军!MB组合线下首秀参加本次MAS总决赛的共有8支队伍,除了iG之外,还有Na’Vi、Empire...3月22日,Major All Stars总决赛在马来西亚首度吉隆坡落下帷幕,代表中国参赛的iG收获了最终冠军。值得一提的是,这也是B神加盟iG以来收获的首个线下赛冠军!MB组合线下首秀参加本次MAS总决赛的共有8支队伍,除了iG之外,还有Na’Vi、Empire、Rave等世界一线队伍。在这些参赛队中,Na’Vi和Empire无疑是iG的最大对手。展开更多
The laws and regulations in human history can be revealed by computational models.From 221 before Christ(BC)to 1912 Anno Domini(AD),the unification pattern has dominated the main part of Chinese history for 2132 years...The laws and regulations in human history can be revealed by computational models.From 221 before Christ(BC)to 1912 Anno Domini(AD),the unification pattern has dominated the main part of Chinese history for 2132 years.Before the emergence of the first unified empire,the Qin Empire in 221 BC,there existed the Eastern Zhou dynasty(770 BC to 221 BC).This long dynasty has two stages,and here we focus on the first stage.This Spring-Autumn stage was from 770 BC(with 148 states)to 476 BC(with 32 states).The whole country(China)is modelled as a multi‐agent system,which contains multiple local states.They behave autonomously under certain action rules(wars and conflicts),which forms the main reason for the annexations and disappearance of most states.Key factors(power,loyalty,bellicosity and alliance)have been considered in our model settings,and simulation outcomes will be monitored and collected.Eventually,an optimal solution is obtained,which well unveils the internal mechanism and statistical features of real big history.Furthermore,counterfactuals are used to explore the non‐linear effects of the key factors,which deepens the authors’understanding of civilisa-tion evolutions in human history.展开更多
This paper firstly introduced characteristics of the food production( or grain production) and regulation of the prosperous period of the Roman Empire. Then,it discussed the shortcomings and summarized the experience ...This paper firstly introduced characteristics of the food production( or grain production) and regulation of the prosperous period of the Roman Empire. Then,it discussed the shortcomings and summarized the experience and lessons. It is expected to provide some references for construction of China's food security.展开更多
As a book review of Medicine Empire in American Literature of the 20th Century by Jiang Tianping’s team, thispaper provides an examination of the developing process of the western medicine’s interaction with the imp...As a book review of Medicine Empire in American Literature of the 20th Century by Jiang Tianping’s team, thispaper provides an examination of the developing process of the western medicine’s interaction with the imperialpolitics in the 20th century. It points out that the book has made a great contribution to the interdisciplinary research,medical research, especially western colonialism research.展开更多
For a very long time, the areas available for continuous long-distance trade were limited to territories of Braudel＇s Mediterrande （1949）. Whatever the commercial organizations （merchants in the Roman or the Fatim...For a very long time, the areas available for continuous long-distance trade were limited to territories of Braudel＇s Mediterrande （1949）. Whatever the commercial organizations （merchants in the Roman or the Fatimid Empires, the Hanseatic League, the Florentine Companies） were, their trade was not able to directly handle branches more than a month＇s sailing from their main base （in the best conditions）. During the three centuries after Vasco de Gama had reached India, European trading areas dramatically expanded to the shores of Asia, and a long period of harsh competition set the East India Companies of the main European powers of the time against one another. What were the elements that allowed these companies to maintain transactions over such vast areas？ And why were some of these companies far more successful than the others？ A large set of secondary sources focusing on one company or on a particular aspect of trade （Chauduri, 1978; Israel, 1989; Subrahmanyan, 1993; Ames, 1996） exist, however, none of them treat their successive successes and failures. The aim of this paper is to briefly review these sources, to extract information from them and to compare the economic adaptations and innovations that allowed these companies to be the greatest of their time.展开更多
In the year 1999,when the secretary of Shaxi town,Zhongshan,Guangdong planning the first China's Casual Wear Fair,"Casual Wear" hadn’t become a widly accepted conception yet. At the end of last century,...In the year 1999,when the secretary of Shaxi town,Zhongshan,Guangdong planning the first China's Casual Wear Fair,"Casual Wear" hadn’t become a widly accepted conception yet. At the end of last century,Chinese people,who have just come across with lots of new ideas and new fashions brought from outside world,didn’t realized that casual wear is one of the most important fashion elements in people's daily life.展开更多
The transformation of China Telecom starts from late 2004. General Manager Wang Xiaochu put forward the strategy of transforming into a comprehensive information services provider soon after he took the post and defin...The transformation of China Telecom starts from late 2004. General Manager Wang Xiaochu put forward the strategy of transforming into a comprehensive information services provider soon after he took the post and defined transformation as the core mission in the next several years in 2005.展开更多
The Chinese people are totally opposed to corruption. Establishing supervi sory commissions to perform duties in accordance with the Supervision Law will be the most effective way to fight corruption.
Why China's Western Xia tombs were destroyed--and how historians and archaeologists are bringing them back to life。In the 1930s,German pilot Wulf-Diether Graf zu Castell-Rudenhausen captured a remarkable photogra...Why China's Western Xia tombs were destroyed--and how historians and archaeologists are bringing them back to life。In the 1930s,German pilot Wulf-Diether Graf zu Castell-Rudenhausen captured a remarkable photograph over the Helan Mountains in Ningxia,China:clusters of white conical earthen mounds rising from the desolate plain.Initially mistaking them for termite mounds,Castell-Rudenhausen published the image in his book Chinaflug,little expecting that what he had casually recorded was actually the royal necropolis of one of the most mysterious dynasties in Chinese history:the Xixia,or Western Xia.展开更多
The Greek cities under Parthian rule inherited the legacy of local administration from the Seleucid Empire.Parthian King Mithridates I conquered the Mesopotamian region and the Iranian plateau.Due to factors such as o...The Greek cities under Parthian rule inherited the legacy of local administration from the Seleucid Empire.Parthian King Mithridates I conquered the Mesopotamian region and the Iranian plateau.Due to factors such as ongoing conquests and political instability,the Greek cities were granted a special autonomous status.After the death of the Parthian king Mithridates Il,the Parthian nobility gained too much power which weakened the central authority,and intense struggles emerged between the elites and the populace within the Greek cities.The Parthian kings began to strengthen their control over the Greek cities by granting the title of“philoi” to local elites,making them the royal agent,thus establishing a relationship of trust.By efectively utilizing the Greek cities'autonomous tradition,the Parthian kings were able to flexibly adjust their relationship to these cities,which proved to be an important approach in improving local governance effectiveness.展开更多
From the perspective of long-term academic development and current practical significance,Jiang Shigong's The End of Civilizations and the World Empire is an important intellectual work.Jiang takes the legal pract...From the perspective of long-term academic development and current practical significance,Jiang Shigong's The End of Civilizations and the World Empire is an important intellectual work.Jiang takes the legal practice of the United States related to foreign countries as an entry point,and starts from how the specific operational mechanism of"extraterritorial jurisdiction"'embodies the United States'"rule of global legal empire,"and gradually rises to a theoretical discussion of"empire."Jiang uses the concept of"empire"in a neutral way,emphasizing the diversity within the empire and responding to Samuel Huntington's theory of"clash of civilizations"from the perspective of Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns."He points out that the clash of civilizations"that exists in reality is not a struggle between different regional civilizations,but rather the suppression of regional civilizations by the modern"world empire"'represented by the United States and the resistance of regional civilizations against the"world empire."Jiang argues that in the face of globalization,it is not feasible to fall back on regional civilizations.It is necessary for China to actively participate in the reform of global governance.In this process,China should pay attention to regional civilizations that resist the"world empire,"so as to expand the target of"Exchange and Mutual Learning between Civilizations,"while highlighting the reference significance of China's"civilization renewal"and"Chinese modernisation"for criticizing the hegemony of the"world empire."In addition,the fact that Jiang was able to break away from legal study in the narrow sense and proceed to this interdisciplinary and ambitious topic should be attributed to his previous attention to"legal pluralism"and his long-term study on the paradigm of"empire"vis-a-vis""nationstate."This academic background enabled him to delve into the critical work of the unipolar hegemony of the"world empire"and laid an important theoretical foundation for his later systematic study on the"community for the Chinese Nation."展开更多
Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LM...Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.展开更多
The life cycle pattern of empires is pervasive worldwide,and this is caused by multiple factors.In the history of Vietnam,there are totally about ten empires or dynasties,which have aggregately lasted for more than on...The life cycle pattern of empires is pervasive worldwide,and this is caused by multiple factors.In the history of Vietnam,there are totally about ten empires or dynasties,which have aggregately lasted for more than one thousand years.Here,we apply the life cycle model and agent-based modeling to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the life cycle pattern for Vietnam empires.Macroscopically,the man-land relationship greatly shapes the life cycle pattern of traditional agricultural empires.The balancing process between land and population is critical for the empires.The relationship between incomes and costs has determined the actions or strategies of the social members or individuals.It suggests that our optimal solutions and simulations have perfectly matched the real history of Vietnam.Under three optimal solutions,the distributions of simulated and real empire durations in history can be well-matched,in terms of both discrete(histogram)and continuous forms(kernel density).It indicates that the history of human society is a dynamic process,which is determined by certain evolutionary rules and regulations.Therefore,we are able to back-calculate,simulate,and even predict the future of empires or countries.展开更多
The overall heat transfer coefficient(OHTC)of rock fractures is a fundamental parameter for characterizing the heat transfer behavior of rock fractures in hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal mining.Although a number of practi...The overall heat transfer coefficient(OHTC)of rock fractures is a fundamental parameter for characterizing the heat transfer behavior of rock fractures in hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal mining.Although a number of practical formulae for heat transfer coefficients have been developed in the literature,there is still no widely accepted analytical solution.This paper constructs highly accurate analytical solutions for the temperatures of the inner fracture wall and the fluid.Then they are employed to develop new definition-based formulae(formula A and its simplification formula B)of the OHTC,which are well validated by the experimental and numerical simulation results.An empirical correlation formula of heat transfer coefficient is proposed based on the definition-based formulae which can be directly used in the numerical simulations of heat transfer in rock fractures.A site-scale application example of numerical simulation also demonstrates the effectiveness of the empirical correlation formula.展开更多
文摘3月22日,Major All Stars总决赛在马来西亚首度吉隆坡落下帷幕,代表中国参赛的iG收获了最终冠军。值得一提的是,这也是B神加盟iG以来收获的首个线下赛冠军!MB组合线下首秀参加本次MAS总决赛的共有8支队伍,除了iG之外,还有Na’Vi、Empire、Rave等世界一线队伍。在这些参赛队中,Na’Vi和Empire无疑是iG的最大对手。
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.17ZDA117).
文摘The laws and regulations in human history can be revealed by computational models.From 221 before Christ(BC)to 1912 Anno Domini(AD),the unification pattern has dominated the main part of Chinese history for 2132 years.Before the emergence of the first unified empire,the Qin Empire in 221 BC,there existed the Eastern Zhou dynasty(770 BC to 221 BC).This long dynasty has two stages,and here we focus on the first stage.This Spring-Autumn stage was from 770 BC(with 148 states)to 476 BC(with 32 states).The whole country(China)is modelled as a multi‐agent system,which contains multiple local states.They behave autonomously under certain action rules(wars and conflicts),which forms the main reason for the annexations and disappearance of most states.Key factors(power,loyalty,bellicosity and alliance)have been considered in our model settings,and simulation outcomes will be monitored and collected.Eventually,an optimal solution is obtained,which well unveils the internal mechanism and statistical features of real big history.Furthermore,counterfactuals are used to explore the non‐linear effects of the key factors,which deepens the authors’understanding of civilisa-tion evolutions in human history.
文摘This paper firstly introduced characteristics of the food production( or grain production) and regulation of the prosperous period of the Roman Empire. Then,it discussed the shortcomings and summarized the experience and lessons. It is expected to provide some references for construction of China's food security.
基金This paper is funded by 2017’s Hunan Provincial Funding Project“Colonial Medicine Research in English Literature”(17YBA343)National Funding Project“Research on disease consciousness and national anxiety in English literature of the 16th and 17th centuries”(16BWW056)Hunan Provincial Social Science Achievement Review Committee project“Oriental Medical Imagination from a Post-colonial Perspective”(XSP18YBC029)and“American Literature Project”193ysk011).
文摘As a book review of Medicine Empire in American Literature of the 20th Century by Jiang Tianping’s team, thispaper provides an examination of the developing process of the western medicine’s interaction with the imperialpolitics in the 20th century. It points out that the book has made a great contribution to the interdisciplinary research,medical research, especially western colonialism research.
文摘For a very long time, the areas available for continuous long-distance trade were limited to territories of Braudel＇s Mediterrande （1949）. Whatever the commercial organizations （merchants in the Roman or the Fatimid Empires, the Hanseatic League, the Florentine Companies） were, their trade was not able to directly handle branches more than a month＇s sailing from their main base （in the best conditions）. During the three centuries after Vasco de Gama had reached India, European trading areas dramatically expanded to the shores of Asia, and a long period of harsh competition set the East India Companies of the main European powers of the time against one another. What were the elements that allowed these companies to maintain transactions over such vast areas？ And why were some of these companies far more successful than the others？ A large set of secondary sources focusing on one company or on a particular aspect of trade （Chauduri, 1978; Israel, 1989; Subrahmanyan, 1993; Ames, 1996） exist, however, none of them treat their successive successes and failures. The aim of this paper is to briefly review these sources, to extract information from them and to compare the economic adaptations and innovations that allowed these companies to be the greatest of their time.
文摘In the year 1999,when the secretary of Shaxi town,Zhongshan,Guangdong planning the first China's Casual Wear Fair,"Casual Wear" hadn’t become a widly accepted conception yet. At the end of last century,Chinese people,who have just come across with lots of new ideas and new fashions brought from outside world,didn’t realized that casual wear is one of the most important fashion elements in people's daily life.
文摘The transformation of China Telecom starts from late 2004. General Manager Wang Xiaochu put forward the strategy of transforming into a comprehensive information services provider soon after he took the post and defined transformation as the core mission in the next several years in 2005.
文摘The Chinese people are totally opposed to corruption. Establishing supervi sory commissions to perform duties in accordance with the Supervision Law will be the most effective way to fight corruption.
文摘Why China's Western Xia tombs were destroyed--and how historians and archaeologists are bringing them back to life。In the 1930s,German pilot Wulf-Diether Graf zu Castell-Rudenhausen captured a remarkable photograph over the Helan Mountains in Ningxia,China:clusters of white conical earthen mounds rising from the desolate plain.Initially mistaking them for termite mounds,Castell-Rudenhausen published the image in his book Chinaflug,little expecting that what he had casually recorded was actually the royal necropolis of one of the most mysterious dynasties in Chinese history:the Xixia,or Western Xia.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Project No.19CSS008)。
文摘The Greek cities under Parthian rule inherited the legacy of local administration from the Seleucid Empire.Parthian King Mithridates I conquered the Mesopotamian region and the Iranian plateau.Due to factors such as ongoing conquests and political instability,the Greek cities were granted a special autonomous status.After the death of the Parthian king Mithridates Il,the Parthian nobility gained too much power which weakened the central authority,and intense struggles emerged between the elites and the populace within the Greek cities.The Parthian kings began to strengthen their control over the Greek cities by granting the title of“philoi” to local elites,making them the royal agent,thus establishing a relationship of trust.By efectively utilizing the Greek cities'autonomous tradition,the Parthian kings were able to flexibly adjust their relationship to these cities,which proved to be an important approach in improving local governance effectiveness.
文摘From the perspective of long-term academic development and current practical significance,Jiang Shigong's The End of Civilizations and the World Empire is an important intellectual work.Jiang takes the legal practice of the United States related to foreign countries as an entry point,and starts from how the specific operational mechanism of"extraterritorial jurisdiction"'embodies the United States'"rule of global legal empire,"and gradually rises to a theoretical discussion of"empire."Jiang uses the concept of"empire"in a neutral way,emphasizing the diversity within the empire and responding to Samuel Huntington's theory of"clash of civilizations"from the perspective of Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns."He points out that the clash of civilizations"that exists in reality is not a struggle between different regional civilizations,but rather the suppression of regional civilizations by the modern"world empire"'represented by the United States and the resistance of regional civilizations against the"world empire."Jiang argues that in the face of globalization,it is not feasible to fall back on regional civilizations.It is necessary for China to actively participate in the reform of global governance.In this process,China should pay attention to regional civilizations that resist the"world empire,"so as to expand the target of"Exchange and Mutual Learning between Civilizations,"while highlighting the reference significance of China's"civilization renewal"and"Chinese modernisation"for criticizing the hegemony of the"world empire."In addition,the fact that Jiang was able to break away from legal study in the narrow sense and proceed to this interdisciplinary and ambitious topic should be attributed to his previous attention to"legal pluralism"and his long-term study on the paradigm of"empire"vis-a-vis""nationstate."This academic background enabled him to delve into the critical work of the unipolar hegemony of the"world empire"and laid an important theoretical foundation for his later systematic study on the"community for the Chinese Nation."
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42161006Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects No.202201AT070094,No.202301BF070001-004+1 种基金Special Project for High-level Talents of Yunnan Province for Young Top Talents,No.C6213001159European Research Council(ERC)Starting-Grant STORIES,No.101040939。
文摘Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(18VXK005,19ZDA143&17ZDA117)National Science Foundation of China(72203005)+1 种基金Shaanxi Province Education Department Project(20JT007)supported by High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University and School of Economics,Peking University.
文摘The life cycle pattern of empires is pervasive worldwide,and this is caused by multiple factors.In the history of Vietnam,there are totally about ten empires or dynasties,which have aggregately lasted for more than one thousand years.Here,we apply the life cycle model and agent-based modeling to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the life cycle pattern for Vietnam empires.Macroscopically,the man-land relationship greatly shapes the life cycle pattern of traditional agricultural empires.The balancing process between land and population is critical for the empires.The relationship between incomes and costs has determined the actions or strategies of the social members or individuals.It suggests that our optimal solutions and simulations have perfectly matched the real history of Vietnam.Under three optimal solutions,the distributions of simulated and real empire durations in history can be well-matched,in terms of both discrete(histogram)and continuous forms(kernel density).It indicates that the history of human society is a dynamic process,which is determined by certain evolutionary rules and regulations.Therefore,we are able to back-calculate,simulate,and even predict the future of empires or countries.
基金support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41972316 and 41672252).
文摘The overall heat transfer coefficient(OHTC)of rock fractures is a fundamental parameter for characterizing the heat transfer behavior of rock fractures in hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal mining.Although a number of practical formulae for heat transfer coefficients have been developed in the literature,there is still no widely accepted analytical solution.This paper constructs highly accurate analytical solutions for the temperatures of the inner fracture wall and the fluid.Then they are employed to develop new definition-based formulae(formula A and its simplification formula B)of the OHTC,which are well validated by the experimental and numerical simulation results.An empirical correlation formula of heat transfer coefficient is proposed based on the definition-based formulae which can be directly used in the numerical simulations of heat transfer in rock fractures.A site-scale application example of numerical simulation also demonstrates the effectiveness of the empirical correlation formula.
