The aim of present study was to assess the effects of a eutectic mixture of topical anesthetics (EMLA cream) on pain responses of preschoolers during venipuncture. The pain responses were reported by children, nurses,...The aim of present study was to assess the effects of a eutectic mixture of topical anesthetics (EMLA cream) on pain responses of preschoolers during venipuncture. The pain responses were reported by children, nurses, and the children’s mothers. The pre- and post-test-designed study, which included a non-equivalent control group, was carried out in a pediatric unit at E University Hospital in South Korea. Pain responses during venipuncture were measured by the self-reporting of the children using the Face Pain Rating Scale (FPRS), the Procedure Behavior Checklist by nurses (PBCL), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) by mothers, in addition to measurements of the children’s pulse rate and level of oxygen saturation. EMLA cream was effective in decreasing the pain responses of the children as assessed by FPRS, PBCL, and VAS scores. However, pulse rate and level of oxygen saturation of the children during venipuncture were not significantly different between the two groups. EMLA cream could be a useful option for reducing pain in preschool children during invasive procedures.展开更多
Background and Objective: IUD is a safe, effective, and reversible method throughout the world, particularly in areas where population growth is too much. One of the main barriers to use IUD is the fear and pain of it...Background and Objective: IUD is a safe, effective, and reversible method throughout the world, particularly in areas where population growth is too much. One of the main barriers to use IUD is the fear and pain of its insertion. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the pain, and this study was conducted to investigate the effect of EMLA cream and ibuprofen on pain during IUD insertion. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 120 women who admitted to Imam Javad health center in Zahedan in 2015-2016 for insertion of IUD. Women who admitted to this center were randomly assigned into 3 groups of EMLA group (n = 40), ibuprofen (n = 40), and control or placebo (n = 40). These women have no problem to insert IUD. Demographic data and pain level were recorded in a questionnaire based on Johnson’s Visual analog scale of pain at 3 stages of IUD insertion, and all IUDs were inserted by a midwife and then data were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings: The results of this research show that the lowest level of pain severity at three stages of insertion related to the EMLA cream (P Conclusion: The results of the study showed that, compared to ibuprofen and placebo, EMLA cream is a safe method in reducing pain caused by IUD insertion in all stages of IUD insertion.展开更多
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tracheal topical anesthesia using EMLA■Cream(EC)coated on the endotracheal tube(ETT)with or without epidural anesthesia(EA)on isoflurane requirement during general an...This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tracheal topical anesthesia using EMLA■Cream(EC)coated on the endotracheal tube(ETT)with or without epidural anesthesia(EA)on isoflurane requirement during general anesthesia(GA)and investigate whether EC coated on the ETT with EA was associated with the additive effect compared with the effect when each anesthetic was administered independently.The prospective randomized,double-blinded,and controlled study included 60 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients scheduled for upper abdominal surgery requiring GA.Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups:group 1 received GA,group 2 received EC+GA,group 3 received GA+EA,and group 4 received EC+GA+EA.Isoflurane was administered at the required concentrations to maintain the mean arterial pressure at a level not exceeding 20% of preoperative values.The percentage mean expired concentration(%MEC)was used in calculating the isoflurane requirement.Emergence agitation,postoperative sore throat,and hoarseness were recorded.Groups 2,3,and 4 exhibited a significant reduction on isoflurane requirement compared with group 1(P<0.05).The isoflurane requirement evaluated by%MEC decreased by 12%,38%,and 50% in groups 2,3,and 4,respectively.The incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in groups 2 and 4 than those in groups 1 and 3(P<0.05).Tracheal topical anesthesia using EC coated on ETT with or without EA reduced the isoflurane requirement during GA,indicating that EC combined with EA exhibited an additive effect on the requirement of general anesthetic.展开更多
文摘The aim of present study was to assess the effects of a eutectic mixture of topical anesthetics (EMLA cream) on pain responses of preschoolers during venipuncture. The pain responses were reported by children, nurses, and the children’s mothers. The pre- and post-test-designed study, which included a non-equivalent control group, was carried out in a pediatric unit at E University Hospital in South Korea. Pain responses during venipuncture were measured by the self-reporting of the children using the Face Pain Rating Scale (FPRS), the Procedure Behavior Checklist by nurses (PBCL), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) by mothers, in addition to measurements of the children’s pulse rate and level of oxygen saturation. EMLA cream was effective in decreasing the pain responses of the children as assessed by FPRS, PBCL, and VAS scores. However, pulse rate and level of oxygen saturation of the children during venipuncture were not significantly different between the two groups. EMLA cream could be a useful option for reducing pain in preschool children during invasive procedures.
文摘Background and Objective: IUD is a safe, effective, and reversible method throughout the world, particularly in areas where population growth is too much. One of the main barriers to use IUD is the fear and pain of its insertion. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the pain, and this study was conducted to investigate the effect of EMLA cream and ibuprofen on pain during IUD insertion. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 120 women who admitted to Imam Javad health center in Zahedan in 2015-2016 for insertion of IUD. Women who admitted to this center were randomly assigned into 3 groups of EMLA group (n = 40), ibuprofen (n = 40), and control or placebo (n = 40). These women have no problem to insert IUD. Demographic data and pain level were recorded in a questionnaire based on Johnson’s Visual analog scale of pain at 3 stages of IUD insertion, and all IUDs were inserted by a midwife and then data were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings: The results of this research show that the lowest level of pain severity at three stages of insertion related to the EMLA cream (P Conclusion: The results of the study showed that, compared to ibuprofen and placebo, EMLA cream is a safe method in reducing pain caused by IUD insertion in all stages of IUD insertion.
文摘This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tracheal topical anesthesia using EMLA■Cream(EC)coated on the endotracheal tube(ETT)with or without epidural anesthesia(EA)on isoflurane requirement during general anesthesia(GA)and investigate whether EC coated on the ETT with EA was associated with the additive effect compared with the effect when each anesthetic was administered independently.The prospective randomized,double-blinded,and controlled study included 60 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients scheduled for upper abdominal surgery requiring GA.Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups:group 1 received GA,group 2 received EC+GA,group 3 received GA+EA,and group 4 received EC+GA+EA.Isoflurane was administered at the required concentrations to maintain the mean arterial pressure at a level not exceeding 20% of preoperative values.The percentage mean expired concentration(%MEC)was used in calculating the isoflurane requirement.Emergence agitation,postoperative sore throat,and hoarseness were recorded.Groups 2,3,and 4 exhibited a significant reduction on isoflurane requirement compared with group 1(P<0.05).The isoflurane requirement evaluated by%MEC decreased by 12%,38%,and 50% in groups 2,3,and 4,respectively.The incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in groups 2 and 4 than those in groups 1 and 3(P<0.05).Tracheal topical anesthesia using EC coated on ETT with or without EA reduced the isoflurane requirement during GA,indicating that EC combined with EA exhibited an additive effect on the requirement of general anesthetic.
