China's Northern and Southern Dynasties period(3rd–6th centuries AD)marked a significant era of ethnic integration in northern China.However,previous ancient DNA studies have primarily focused on northern ethnic ...China's Northern and Southern Dynasties period(3rd–6th centuries AD)marked a significant era of ethnic integration in northern China.However,previous ancient DNA studies have primarily focused on northern ethnic groups,with limited research on the genetic formation of the hereditary elite family,especially considering their abundant archaeological record and clear material identity.In this study,we obtain the ancient genome of a hereditary elite family,Gao Bin(高宾,503 AD–572 AD),at 0.6473-fold coverage with 475,132 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)on the 1240k panel.His mitochondrial haplogroup belongs to Z4 and Y-haplogroup to O1a1a2b-F2444∗.The genetic profile of Gao Bin is most similar to that of the northern Han Chinese.He can be modeled as deriving all his ancestry from Late Neolithic to Iron Age Yellow River farmers without influence from Northeast Asia,Korea,or the Mongolian Plateau.Our study sheds light on the genetic formation of hereditary elite families in the context of the Southern and Northern Dynasties ethnic integration.展开更多
The main topic of the research is applying of systems approach in studying of political elite. This approach was applied in the analysis of Russia＇s regional power elite （1991 to 2010）. The elite was studied as a c...The main topic of the research is applying of systems approach in studying of political elite. This approach was applied in the analysis of Russia＇s regional power elite （1991 to 2010）. The elite was studied as a complex self-reference system oriented at its own environment, not only in an adaptive way, but first and foremost in structure. The systems approach specifies the following conceptual framework of the study： self-reference, system boundaries, and interaction between the political elite and the surrounding world. Application of the systems analysis to studying the political elite enabled to analyze the structure and functions of the elite, create a model of elitogenesis, and receive study matrix.展开更多
Purpose:This study analyzes the profiles of elite Brazilian researchers,recognized through the prestigious CNPq productivity scholarships.By identifying distinct researcher clusters,the study sheds light on different ...Purpose:This study analyzes the profiles of elite Brazilian researchers,recognized through the prestigious CNPq productivity scholarships.By identifying distinct researcher clusters,the study sheds light on different academic strategies,levels of productivity,and academic contributions within the Brazilian higher education system.Design/methodology/approach:The research analyzes a comprehensive dataset of 14,003 researchers,employing principal component analysis(PCA)followed by cluster analysis to group researchers based on their academic attributes.The clusters reflect diverse aspects of research productivity,graduate supervisions,and publication patterns.Findings:The analysis reveals the existence of three distinct researcher profiles(the Advanced Supervisors,the Book Publishers/Organizers,and the Generalists).The study also highlights the characteristics of highcaliber scientists,representing the upper echelon of Brazilian researchers in terms of productivity and impact.Research limitations:Although the study provides a robust analysis of the Brazilian system,the results reflect specific characteristics of the Brazilian academic context.Furthermore,the analysis was restricted to normalized annual data,which may overlook temporal variations in researcher productivity.Pratical implications:The findings provide valuable insights for policy makers,funding agencies(such as CNPq),and university administrators who aim to develop tailored support programs for different researcher profiles.Originality/value:The cluster-based profiling offers a novel perspective on how different academic trajectories coexist within a national science system,offering lessons for other emerging economies.展开更多
Objectives:In this study,we examined the psychological impact of hierarchical and authoritarian structures in elite sports teams in South Korea on the ego formation and mental health of athletes.We aimed to analyze ho...Objectives:In this study,we examined the psychological impact of hierarchical and authoritarian structures in elite sports teams in South Korea on the ego formation and mental health of athletes.We aimed to analyze how these environments shape psychological well-being in athletes,drawing on Freud’s group psychology theory,while integrating perspectives from the Self-DeterminationTheory(SDT)and Social Identity Theory(SIT).Methods:We applied a qualitative case-study approach,with data collected through in-depth interviews with eight retired elite table tennis players from South Korea.These athletes shared their experiences with psychological mechanisms in their teams and how those mechanisms impacted their mental health throughout their careers.We analyzed the collected data using thematic analysis.Results:The investigated psychological mechanisms significantly influenced the ego development and psychological well-being in athletes.In hierarchical and authoritarian environments,identification and ego idealization suppressed the autonomy of the athletes.Hierarchical order and obedience to authority figures exert significant pressure on athletes to conform,impeding the development of an independent ego.Furthermore,group pressure exacerbates ego erosion and psychological stress,while corporal punishment reinforces psychological pressure and hinders ego integrity.The integration of the SDT highlights the need for autonomy-supportive environments to mitigate such risks,while the SIT emphasizes balancing individual identity with group cohesion to address identity conflicts and psychological tension.Conclusion:Hierarchical structures and authoritarian dynamics in South Korean elite sports teams critically suppress autonomy in athletes,leading to psychological distress and identity conflicts.This study highlights the urgent need for systemic interventions to reform coaching practices and foster autonomysupportive environments.These results contribute to the global discourse on the mental health of athletes in elite sports and offer actionable strategies for improving long-term well-being.Finally,this study provides practical recommendations adaptable to diverse cultural and sporting contexts,enhancing athlete mental health worldwide.展开更多
A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that r...A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that regulates heading date,plant height and grain number.Here,we investigated the relationship between Ghd7 and florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1,to determine their roles in regulating heading date and grain number under different photoperiods.Our results revealed that under long-day(LD)conditions,Hd3a acts prior to RFT1 to promote heading while negatively regulating plant height and grain number.In contrast,Ghd7 positively regulates heading date,plant height,and grain number by inhibiting both Hd3a and RFT1.Under short-day(SD)conditions,the functions of Hd3a and RFT1 remain consistent with those under LD conditions,but Ghd7 does not inhibit their expression,resulting in a weaker phenotypic effect compared to Hd3a.Additionally,under both LD and SD conditions,increased Ghd7 expression enhances its inhibitory effect on Hd3a and RFT1,leading to later heading and increased grain number;however,once the heading date exceeds 94 d,grain number no longer increases.Moreover,the gn1a allele increased grain number by 16.5%to 42.5%,while combinations of the elite alleles from Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a significantly increased grain number by up to 240.9%.Therefore,we propose a new breeding strategy to optimize the heading date and grain number using the Ghd7Hd3aRFT1gn1a combination of Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a under LD conditions,and the Ghd7hd3aRFT1gn1a combination under SD conditions.This strategy improved the yield of the high-quality Northeast variety Kongyu 131(KY131)by 69.1%in Beijing and 93.7%in Hainan.This strategy will greatly improve the efficiency of north-to-south adaptation in rice,providing theoretical guidance for expanding the geographical adaptability of rice varieties.展开更多
The fruit-bearing quantities of nut Korean pines (Pinus Koraiensis) of natural stands in Changbai Mountain, Xiaoxing'an Mountain, and Wanda Mountain and of artificial forest in Hegang area of Heilongjiang Province...The fruit-bearing quantities of nut Korean pines (Pinus Koraiensis) of natural stands in Changbai Mountain, Xiaoxing'an Mountain, and Wanda Mountain and of artificial forest in Hegang area of Heilongjiang Province were investigated and measured by seed collection of singletree during 1988–1998. In order to evaluate the elite nut tree of fructification, the characteristics of fructification of Korena pine, including, the fruit-bearing quantity, output of seed, quantity of cone, cone size, seed size, the ratio of null seed by solid seed, seed percentage of cone, rate of the cones infested with pest, and fruit-bearing index, etc., were analyzed with the variance analysis, multiple comparison and stepwise regression to obtain the contribution ratio of each fruit-bearing factor to fruit-bearing quantity. The multiple correlation factors and the partial correlation factors for fruit-bearing quantities of Korean pine were determined for different geographical areas, and the cone length, thousand-grain-weight, and the seed percentage of cone were considered as important indices for selection of elite trees. The method of modified weighted coefficients was adopted to select the elite nut trees of Korean pine. Standards for selecting elite nut trees from the natural stands and artificial forest of Korean pine were established. This study could provde selection method and standard of elite nut trees for setting up seed orchard of Korean Pine.展开更多
This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for...This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for Palestine in the period from 1921 to 1948, and the following social-background variables： age, foreign travel, occupation as a path to political power, regional affiliation, ideology, and political opportunity, of the JAE membership. Diversity of the social-background variables and, particularly, the multitude of languages they knew, explain, to a considerable extent, firstly, the wide variety of their social, political and economic views, and, secondly, the elite＇s resort to direct contact with Western governments and peoples in communicating and promoting their political ideology, thus facilitating the realization of the Zionist project.展开更多
Under the violent impact of the social transformation period,traditional cultural heritage faces a great crisis of protection,inheritance and development.In the context of collapse of basic structure of traditional ru...Under the violent impact of the social transformation period,traditional cultural heritage faces a great crisis of protection,inheritance and development.In the context of collapse of basic structure of traditional rural society,the protection of traditional cultural heritage becomes an important task in the new period.Although both the state and the society attach great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage,it still faces a huge crisis of disappearance.In the system,this is because cultural elite list system and intangible cultural heritage protection system are confronted with many practical problems.The cultural elite of the rural society,as main group of intangible culture inheritance,is always ignored and this has become a hidden trouble for cultural heritage protection.In this situation,it is recommended to constantly restore excellent cultural ecological environment,improve the supporting facilities of the intangible cultural protection system,cultivate cultural elites of rural areas at the level of endogenous driving force,improve the rural centripetal force centering on cultural elites,restore its functions in transmitting culture and guiding value in rural society,and rebuild the folk cultural elite regeneration mechanism,so as to real y push the intangible cultural heritage protection towards the sustainable development of inheritance.展开更多
This article will illustrate the constitution as a result of bargaining and negotiation among the elites to allocatepower and mitigate tension among them. Combining the elite’s concept and its nature of a continuous ...This article will illustrate the constitution as a result of bargaining and negotiation among the elites to allocatepower and mitigate tension among them. Combining the elite’s concept and its nature of a continuous struggle forpower with the approach that investigates the constitution as a contract among the powerful ruling class, this articlewill reveal how power is allocated among the elites. As a result, this article provides a fundamental notion of theapproach called “elite-constructed constitution”. This approach delivers the instrument to investigate theconstitutional making process as a negotiation mechanism among the elites, which reflects into constitutionalprovision. Therefore, because this type of constitution has been constructed under the contract’s notion,constitutional endurance is unexpected because this type of constitution requires a high level of trust among thecontract parties. This is in contrast to the notion of the elite’s continuous struggle.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070576,31801040,and 32270667)Lantai Young Scholars Program of Chinese History Institute(2022LTQN602)+11 种基金the National Social Science Fund of China(19VJX074 and 21CKG022)Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road(Pan-TPE)(XDA2004010101)the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFC3303701-02)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2023J06013)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(18490750300)the National Key Research and Development Program(2020YFE0201600)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01)the Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China granted to C.C.W.(21&ZD285),S.W.(20&ZD212),and D.L.(21&ZD237)Major Special Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(2022JZDZ023)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at Fudan University(SKLGE-2310)Open Research Fund of Forensic Genetics Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security(2023FGKFKT07)European Research Council(ERC)grant(ERC-2019-ADG-883700-TRAM).
文摘China's Northern and Southern Dynasties period(3rd–6th centuries AD)marked a significant era of ethnic integration in northern China.However,previous ancient DNA studies have primarily focused on northern ethnic groups,with limited research on the genetic formation of the hereditary elite family,especially considering their abundant archaeological record and clear material identity.In this study,we obtain the ancient genome of a hereditary elite family,Gao Bin(高宾,503 AD–572 AD),at 0.6473-fold coverage with 475,132 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)on the 1240k panel.His mitochondrial haplogroup belongs to Z4 and Y-haplogroup to O1a1a2b-F2444∗.The genetic profile of Gao Bin is most similar to that of the northern Han Chinese.He can be modeled as deriving all his ancestry from Late Neolithic to Iron Age Yellow River farmers without influence from Northeast Asia,Korea,or the Mongolian Plateau.Our study sheds light on the genetic formation of hereditary elite families in the context of the Southern and Northern Dynasties ethnic integration.
文摘The main topic of the research is applying of systems approach in studying of political elite. This approach was applied in the analysis of Russia＇s regional power elite （1991 to 2010）. The elite was studied as a complex self-reference system oriented at its own environment, not only in an adaptive way, but first and foremost in structure. The systems approach specifies the following conceptual framework of the study： self-reference, system boundaries, and interaction between the political elite and the surrounding world. Application of the systems analysis to studying the political elite enabled to analyze the structure and functions of the elite, create a model of elitogenesis, and receive study matrix.
文摘Purpose:This study analyzes the profiles of elite Brazilian researchers,recognized through the prestigious CNPq productivity scholarships.By identifying distinct researcher clusters,the study sheds light on different academic strategies,levels of productivity,and academic contributions within the Brazilian higher education system.Design/methodology/approach:The research analyzes a comprehensive dataset of 14,003 researchers,employing principal component analysis(PCA)followed by cluster analysis to group researchers based on their academic attributes.The clusters reflect diverse aspects of research productivity,graduate supervisions,and publication patterns.Findings:The analysis reveals the existence of three distinct researcher profiles(the Advanced Supervisors,the Book Publishers/Organizers,and the Generalists).The study also highlights the characteristics of highcaliber scientists,representing the upper echelon of Brazilian researchers in terms of productivity and impact.Research limitations:Although the study provides a robust analysis of the Brazilian system,the results reflect specific characteristics of the Brazilian academic context.Furthermore,the analysis was restricted to normalized annual data,which may overlook temporal variations in researcher productivity.Pratical implications:The findings provide valuable insights for policy makers,funding agencies(such as CNPq),and university administrators who aim to develop tailored support programs for different researcher profiles.Originality/value:The cluster-based profiling offers a novel perspective on how different academic trajectories coexist within a national science system,offering lessons for other emerging economies.
文摘Objectives:In this study,we examined the psychological impact of hierarchical and authoritarian structures in elite sports teams in South Korea on the ego formation and mental health of athletes.We aimed to analyze how these environments shape psychological well-being in athletes,drawing on Freud’s group psychology theory,while integrating perspectives from the Self-DeterminationTheory(SDT)and Social Identity Theory(SIT).Methods:We applied a qualitative case-study approach,with data collected through in-depth interviews with eight retired elite table tennis players from South Korea.These athletes shared their experiences with psychological mechanisms in their teams and how those mechanisms impacted their mental health throughout their careers.We analyzed the collected data using thematic analysis.Results:The investigated psychological mechanisms significantly influenced the ego development and psychological well-being in athletes.In hierarchical and authoritarian environments,identification and ego idealization suppressed the autonomy of the athletes.Hierarchical order and obedience to authority figures exert significant pressure on athletes to conform,impeding the development of an independent ego.Furthermore,group pressure exacerbates ego erosion and psychological stress,while corporal punishment reinforces psychological pressure and hinders ego integrity.The integration of the SDT highlights the need for autonomy-supportive environments to mitigate such risks,while the SIT emphasizes balancing individual identity with group cohesion to address identity conflicts and psychological tension.Conclusion:Hierarchical structures and authoritarian dynamics in South Korean elite sports teams critically suppress autonomy in athletes,leading to psychological distress and identity conflicts.This study highlights the urgent need for systemic interventions to reform coaching practices and foster autonomysupportive environments.These results contribute to the global discourse on the mental health of athletes in elite sports and offer actionable strategies for improving long-term well-being.Finally,this study provides practical recommendations adaptable to diverse cultural and sporting contexts,enhancing athlete mental health worldwide.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010101)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001200)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD24C130001)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of CAAS。
文摘A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that regulates heading date,plant height and grain number.Here,we investigated the relationship between Ghd7 and florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1,to determine their roles in regulating heading date and grain number under different photoperiods.Our results revealed that under long-day(LD)conditions,Hd3a acts prior to RFT1 to promote heading while negatively regulating plant height and grain number.In contrast,Ghd7 positively regulates heading date,plant height,and grain number by inhibiting both Hd3a and RFT1.Under short-day(SD)conditions,the functions of Hd3a and RFT1 remain consistent with those under LD conditions,but Ghd7 does not inhibit their expression,resulting in a weaker phenotypic effect compared to Hd3a.Additionally,under both LD and SD conditions,increased Ghd7 expression enhances its inhibitory effect on Hd3a and RFT1,leading to later heading and increased grain number;however,once the heading date exceeds 94 d,grain number no longer increases.Moreover,the gn1a allele increased grain number by 16.5%to 42.5%,while combinations of the elite alleles from Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a significantly increased grain number by up to 240.9%.Therefore,we propose a new breeding strategy to optimize the heading date and grain number using the Ghd7Hd3aRFT1gn1a combination of Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a under LD conditions,and the Ghd7hd3aRFT1gn1a combination under SD conditions.This strategy improved the yield of the high-quality Northeast variety Kongyu 131(KY131)by 69.1%in Beijing and 93.7%in Hainan.This strategy will greatly improve the efficiency of north-to-south adaptation in rice,providing theoretical guidance for expanding the geographical adaptability of rice varieties.
基金Sciences and Technology Office of Heilongjiang Province (a grant G99B5-10).
文摘The fruit-bearing quantities of nut Korean pines (Pinus Koraiensis) of natural stands in Changbai Mountain, Xiaoxing'an Mountain, and Wanda Mountain and of artificial forest in Hegang area of Heilongjiang Province were investigated and measured by seed collection of singletree during 1988–1998. In order to evaluate the elite nut tree of fructification, the characteristics of fructification of Korena pine, including, the fruit-bearing quantity, output of seed, quantity of cone, cone size, seed size, the ratio of null seed by solid seed, seed percentage of cone, rate of the cones infested with pest, and fruit-bearing index, etc., were analyzed with the variance analysis, multiple comparison and stepwise regression to obtain the contribution ratio of each fruit-bearing factor to fruit-bearing quantity. The multiple correlation factors and the partial correlation factors for fruit-bearing quantities of Korean pine were determined for different geographical areas, and the cone length, thousand-grain-weight, and the seed percentage of cone were considered as important indices for selection of elite trees. The method of modified weighted coefficients was adopted to select the elite nut trees of Korean pine. Standards for selecting elite nut trees from the natural stands and artificial forest of Korean pine were established. This study could provde selection method and standard of elite nut trees for setting up seed orchard of Korean Pine.
文摘This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for Palestine in the period from 1921 to 1948, and the following social-background variables： age, foreign travel, occupation as a path to political power, regional affiliation, ideology, and political opportunity, of the JAE membership. Diversity of the social-background variables and, particularly, the multitude of languages they knew, explain, to a considerable extent, firstly, the wide variety of their social, political and economic views, and, secondly, the elite＇s resort to direct contact with Western governments and peoples in communicating and promoting their political ideology, thus facilitating the realization of the Zionist project.
基金Sponsored by Key Project of National Social Science Foundation(14ZDA064)
文摘Under the violent impact of the social transformation period,traditional cultural heritage faces a great crisis of protection,inheritance and development.In the context of collapse of basic structure of traditional rural society,the protection of traditional cultural heritage becomes an important task in the new period.Although both the state and the society attach great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage,it still faces a huge crisis of disappearance.In the system,this is because cultural elite list system and intangible cultural heritage protection system are confronted with many practical problems.The cultural elite of the rural society,as main group of intangible culture inheritance,is always ignored and this has become a hidden trouble for cultural heritage protection.In this situation,it is recommended to constantly restore excellent cultural ecological environment,improve the supporting facilities of the intangible cultural protection system,cultivate cultural elites of rural areas at the level of endogenous driving force,improve the rural centripetal force centering on cultural elites,restore its functions in transmitting culture and guiding value in rural society,and rebuild the folk cultural elite regeneration mechanism,so as to real y push the intangible cultural heritage protection towards the sustainable development of inheritance.
文摘This article will illustrate the constitution as a result of bargaining and negotiation among the elites to allocatepower and mitigate tension among them. Combining the elite’s concept and its nature of a continuous struggle forpower with the approach that investigates the constitution as a contract among the powerful ruling class, this articlewill reveal how power is allocated among the elites. As a result, this article provides a fundamental notion of theapproach called “elite-constructed constitution”. This approach delivers the instrument to investigate theconstitutional making process as a negotiation mechanism among the elites, which reflects into constitutionalprovision. Therefore, because this type of constitution has been constructed under the contract’s notion,constitutional endurance is unexpected because this type of constitution requires a high level of trust among thecontract parties. This is in contrast to the notion of the elite’s continuous struggle.
