The new RE 6 EL from KARL MAYER brings a breath of fresh air to raschel fabric production.Nowadays textile companies increasingly need to produce small production runs and respond to market changes with instantaneous ...The new RE 6 EL from KARL MAYER brings a breath of fresh air to raschel fabric production.Nowadays textile companies increasingly need to produce small production runs and respond to market changes with instantaneous pattern changes in order to operate profitably–meaning they require machines that offer maximum flexibility,reliability and cost efficiency.KARL MAYER understands the challenges of the market and is launching its new RE 6 EL.The Raschel machine offers the core strengths of the classic RSE 6 EL and essentially the same performance parameters,but has been further cost-optimised largely due to local production advantages.This makes the newcomer an efficiency champion in production,especially when it comes to frequent pattern changes.展开更多
This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific(EP)and central Pacific(CP)El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation(SSR)in southern China,revealing different spatial distributions and und...This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific(EP)and central Pacific(CP)El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation(SSR)in southern China,revealing different spatial distributions and underlying mechanisms.The results show that,during the developing winter of EP El Niño,significant SSR reductions occur in southwestern China and the east coast of southern China due to a strong,zonally extended Northwest Pacific anticyclone that transports moisture from the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian Ocean,while the northeast of southern China experiences a weak increase in SSR.In contrast,during the developing winter of CP El Niño,SSR decreases in the east of southern China with a significant decrease in the lower basin of the Yangtze River but an increase in the west of southern China with a remarkable increase in eastern Yunnan.The pronounced east-west dipole pattern in SSR anomalies is driven by a meridionally elongated Northwest Pacific anticyclone,which enhances northward moisture transport to the east of southern China while leaving western areas drier.Further research reveals that distinct moisture anomalies during the developing winter of EP and CP events result in divergent SSR distributions across southern China,primarily through modulating the total cloud cover.These findings highlight the critical need to differentiate between El Niño types when predicting medium and long-term variability of radiation in southern China.展开更多
本文基于多窗谱分析—奇异值分解(MTM-SVD)方法对长江中下游降水和热带太平洋海表面温度(SST)进行不同时间尺度信号的分离和时空重构,研究了年际时间尺度上与厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENSO)相关的热带太平洋SST强迫对长江中下游降水的影响及...本文基于多窗谱分析—奇异值分解(MTM-SVD)方法对长江中下游降水和热带太平洋海表面温度(SST)进行不同时间尺度信号的分离和时空重构,研究了年际时间尺度上与厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENSO)相关的热带太平洋SST强迫对长江中下游降水的影响及可能机制。结果表明,长江中下游地区降水和热带太平洋SST存在着准两年(2.4年)和准四年(3.7年)的协同变化周期,且这两个年际主导模态分别与El Niño的中太平洋(CP)型和东太平洋(EP)型有关。与两类El Niño事件相关的SST强迫会引发不同的东亚大气环流异常响应,均有利于长江中下游地区降水偏多。在准两年周期上,CP El Niño成熟期会引发东亚—太平洋型大气遥相关;在准四年周期上,EP El Niño成熟期会产生经向偶极型分布的东亚大气活动中心。此外,两类El Niño事件成熟期均会激发西北太平洋异常反气旋环流。上述大气环流系统变化共同增强了从南海向长江中下游地区的水汽输送,造成该地区在两类El Niño成熟期间降水偏多。对2002年中国降水事件的个例分析表明,准两年和准四年周期变率对同期长江中下游地区降水变化的相对贡献存在差异。准四年周期变率有利于2002年春季长江中下游降水的偏多,而准两年周期变率起到减少的作用;2002年秋季的情况与之相反。本研究结果有助于深化对热带太平洋多时间尺度SST强迫影响长江中下游降水年际变化机制的认识,并提高长江中下游地区降水预测的准确性。展开更多
Deep learning(DL)has become a crucial technique for predicting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and evaluating its predictability.While various DL-based models have been developed for ENSO predictions,many f...Deep learning(DL)has become a crucial technique for predicting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and evaluating its predictability.While various DL-based models have been developed for ENSO predictions,many fail to capture the coherent multivariate evolution within the coupled ocean-atmosphere system of the tropical Pacific.To address this three-dimensional(3D)limitation and represent ENSO-related ocean-atmosphere interactions more accurately,a novel this 3D multivariate prediction model was proposed based on a Transformer architecture,which incorporates a spatiotemporal self-attention mechanism.This model,named 3D-Geoformer,offers several advantages,enabling accurate ENSO predictions up to one and a half years in advance.Furthermore,an integrated gradient method was introduced into the model to identify the sources of predictability for sea surface temperature(SST)variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific.Results reveal that the 3D-Geoformer effectively captures ENSO-related precursors during the evolution of ENSO events,particularly the thermocline feedback processes and ocean temperature anomaly pathways on and off the equator.By extending DL-based ENSO predictions from one-dimensional Niño time series to 3D multivariate fields,the 3D-Geoformer represents a significant advancement in ENSO prediction.This study provides details in the model formulation,analysis procedures,sensitivity experiments,and illustrative examples,offering practical guidance for the application of the model in ENSO research.展开更多
Numerical models are crucial for quantifying the ocean-atmosphere interactions associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)phenomenon in the tropical Pacific.Current coupled models often exhibit signifi...Numerical models are crucial for quantifying the ocean-atmosphere interactions associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)phenomenon in the tropical Pacific.Current coupled models often exhibit significant biases and inter-model differences in simulating ENSO,underscoring the need for alternative modeling approaches.The Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)is a sophisticated ocean model widely used for regional studies and has been coupled with various atmospheric models.However,its application in simulating ENSO processes on a basin scale in the tropical Pacific has not been explored.For the first time,this study presents the development of a basin-scale hybrid coupled model(HCM)for the tropical Pacific,integrating ROMS with a statistical atmospheric model that captures the interannual relationships between sea surface temperature(SST)and wind stress anomalies.The HCM is evaluated for its capability to simulate the annual mean,seasonal,and interannual variations of the oceanic state in the tropical Pacific.Results demonstrate that the model effectively reproduces the ENSO cycle,with a dominant oscillation period of approximately two years.The ROMS-based HCM developed here offers an efficient and robust tool for investigating climate variability in the tropical Pacific.展开更多
The Indonesian Throughflow(ITF)plays important roles in global ocean circulation and climate systems.Previous studies suggested the ITF interannual variability is driven by both the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(E...The Indonesian Throughflow(ITF)plays important roles in global ocean circulation and climate systems.Previous studies suggested the ITF interannual variability is driven by both the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)events.The detailed processes of ENSO and/or IOD induced anomalies impacting on the ITF,however,are still not clear.In this study,this issue is investigated through causal relation,statistical,and dynamical analyses based on satellite observation.The results show that the driven mechanisms of ENSO on the ITF include two aspects.Firstly,the ENSO related wind field anomalies driven anomalous cyclonic ocean circulation in the western Pacific,and off equatorial upwelling Rossby waves propagating westward to arrive at the western boundary of the Pacific,both tend to induce negative sea surface height anomalies(SSHA)in the western Pacific,favoring ITF reduction since the develop of the El Niño through the following year.Secondly,the ENSO events modulate equatorial Indian Ocean zonal winds through Walker Circulation,which in turn trigger eastward propagating upwelling Kelvin waves and westward propagating downwelling Rossby waves.The Rossby waves are reflected into downwelling Kelvin waves,which then propagate eastward along the equator and the Sumatra-Java coast in the Indian Ocean.As a result,the wave dynamics tend to generate negative(positive)SSHA in the eastern Indian Ocean,and thus enhance(reduce)the ITF transport with time lag of 0-6 months(9-12 months),respectively.Under the IOD condition,the wave dynamics also tend to enhance the ITF in the positive IOD year,and reduce the ITF in the following year.展开更多
Tropidacris spp. represent the largest known group among acridoids. Their presence ranges from southeastern Mexico and has so far been confirmed only in tropical habitats. This publication seeks to highlight the curre...Tropidacris spp. represent the largest known group among acridoids. Their presence ranges from southeastern Mexico and has so far been confirmed only in tropical habitats. This publication seeks to highlight the current and potential challenges associated with their presence. For decades, the use of chemical insecticides has been the primary method for controlling locust populations, though these substances pose significant risks to human health and the environment. Recent research efforts are directed toward developing control methods that are less detrimental to both ecological and human health, such as biopesticides derived from pathogenic fungi, plant extracts, and strategically prescribed burns. Satellite surveillance enables the monitoring of the origination and progression of outbreaks to inform control strategy selection.展开更多
文摘The new RE 6 EL from KARL MAYER brings a breath of fresh air to raschel fabric production.Nowadays textile companies increasingly need to produce small production runs and respond to market changes with instantaneous pattern changes in order to operate profitably–meaning they require machines that offer maximum flexibility,reliability and cost efficiency.KARL MAYER understands the challenges of the market and is launching its new RE 6 EL.The Raschel machine offers the core strengths of the classic RSE 6 EL and essentially the same performance parameters,but has been further cost-optimised largely due to local production advantages.This makes the newcomer an efficiency champion in production,especially when it comes to frequent pattern changes.
基金funded by a Project from China Southern Power Grid Company Ltd.(Nos.ZBKJXM20232481 and ZBKJXM20232482)。
文摘This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific(EP)and central Pacific(CP)El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation(SSR)in southern China,revealing different spatial distributions and underlying mechanisms.The results show that,during the developing winter of EP El Niño,significant SSR reductions occur in southwestern China and the east coast of southern China due to a strong,zonally extended Northwest Pacific anticyclone that transports moisture from the tropical Northwest Pacific and North Indian Ocean,while the northeast of southern China experiences a weak increase in SSR.In contrast,during the developing winter of CP El Niño,SSR decreases in the east of southern China with a significant decrease in the lower basin of the Yangtze River but an increase in the west of southern China with a remarkable increase in eastern Yunnan.The pronounced east-west dipole pattern in SSR anomalies is driven by a meridionally elongated Northwest Pacific anticyclone,which enhances northward moisture transport to the east of southern China while leaving western areas drier.Further research reveals that distinct moisture anomalies during the developing winter of EP and CP events result in divergent SSR distributions across southern China,primarily through modulating the total cloud cover.These findings highlight the critical need to differentiate between El Niño types when predicting medium and long-term variability of radiation in southern China.
文摘本文基于多窗谱分析—奇异值分解(MTM-SVD)方法对长江中下游降水和热带太平洋海表面温度(SST)进行不同时间尺度信号的分离和时空重构,研究了年际时间尺度上与厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENSO)相关的热带太平洋SST强迫对长江中下游降水的影响及可能机制。结果表明,长江中下游地区降水和热带太平洋SST存在着准两年(2.4年)和准四年(3.7年)的协同变化周期,且这两个年际主导模态分别与El Niño的中太平洋(CP)型和东太平洋(EP)型有关。与两类El Niño事件相关的SST强迫会引发不同的东亚大气环流异常响应,均有利于长江中下游地区降水偏多。在准两年周期上,CP El Niño成熟期会引发东亚—太平洋型大气遥相关;在准四年周期上,EP El Niño成熟期会产生经向偶极型分布的东亚大气活动中心。此外,两类El Niño事件成熟期均会激发西北太平洋异常反气旋环流。上述大气环流系统变化共同增强了从南海向长江中下游地区的水汽输送,造成该地区在两类El Niño成熟期间降水偏多。对2002年中国降水事件的个例分析表明,准两年和准四年周期变率对同期长江中下游地区降水变化的相对贡献存在差异。准四年周期变率有利于2002年春季长江中下游降水的偏多,而准两年周期变率起到减少的作用;2002年秋季的情况与之相反。本研究结果有助于深化对热带太平洋多时间尺度SST强迫影响长江中下游降水年际变化机制的认识,并提高长江中下游地区降水预测的准确性。
基金Supported by the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202202402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42030410)+2 种基金the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,and Jiangsu Innovation Research Group(No.JSSCTD 202346)supported by the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20240169)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2141062400101)。
文摘Deep learning(DL)has become a crucial technique for predicting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and evaluating its predictability.While various DL-based models have been developed for ENSO predictions,many fail to capture the coherent multivariate evolution within the coupled ocean-atmosphere system of the tropical Pacific.To address this three-dimensional(3D)limitation and represent ENSO-related ocean-atmosphere interactions more accurately,a novel this 3D multivariate prediction model was proposed based on a Transformer architecture,which incorporates a spatiotemporal self-attention mechanism.This model,named 3D-Geoformer,offers several advantages,enabling accurate ENSO predictions up to one and a half years in advance.Furthermore,an integrated gradient method was introduced into the model to identify the sources of predictability for sea surface temperature(SST)variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific.Results reveal that the 3D-Geoformer effectively captures ENSO-related precursors during the evolution of ENSO events,particularly the thermocline feedback processes and ocean temperature anomaly pathways on and off the equator.By extending DL-based ENSO predictions from one-dimensional Niño time series to 3D multivariate fields,the 3D-Geoformer represents a significant advancement in ENSO prediction.This study provides details in the model formulation,analysis procedures,sensitivity experiments,and illustrative examples,offering practical guidance for the application of the model in ENSO research.
基金Supported by the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ 202202404)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB 42000000)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.42030410)the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST,and the Jiangsu Innovation Research Group(No.JSSCTD 202346)。
文摘Numerical models are crucial for quantifying the ocean-atmosphere interactions associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)phenomenon in the tropical Pacific.Current coupled models often exhibit significant biases and inter-model differences in simulating ENSO,underscoring the need for alternative modeling approaches.The Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)is a sophisticated ocean model widely used for regional studies and has been coupled with various atmospheric models.However,its application in simulating ENSO processes on a basin scale in the tropical Pacific has not been explored.For the first time,this study presents the development of a basin-scale hybrid coupled model(HCM)for the tropical Pacific,integrating ROMS with a statistical atmospheric model that captures the interannual relationships between sea surface temperature(SST)and wind stress anomalies.The HCM is evaluated for its capability to simulate the annual mean,seasonal,and interannual variations of the oceanic state in the tropical Pacific.Results demonstrate that the model effectively reproduces the ENSO cycle,with a dominant oscillation period of approximately two years.The ROMS-based HCM developed here offers an efficient and robust tool for investigating climate variability in the tropical Pacific.
基金The Fund of Laoshan Laboratory under contract No.LSKJ202202700the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China under contract No.2024Q02+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076023 and 42430402the Global Change and Air-Sea InteractionⅡProject under contract No.GASI-01-ATP-STwin.
文摘The Indonesian Throughflow(ITF)plays important roles in global ocean circulation and climate systems.Previous studies suggested the ITF interannual variability is driven by both the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)events.The detailed processes of ENSO and/or IOD induced anomalies impacting on the ITF,however,are still not clear.In this study,this issue is investigated through causal relation,statistical,and dynamical analyses based on satellite observation.The results show that the driven mechanisms of ENSO on the ITF include two aspects.Firstly,the ENSO related wind field anomalies driven anomalous cyclonic ocean circulation in the western Pacific,and off equatorial upwelling Rossby waves propagating westward to arrive at the western boundary of the Pacific,both tend to induce negative sea surface height anomalies(SSHA)in the western Pacific,favoring ITF reduction since the develop of the El Niño through the following year.Secondly,the ENSO events modulate equatorial Indian Ocean zonal winds through Walker Circulation,which in turn trigger eastward propagating upwelling Kelvin waves and westward propagating downwelling Rossby waves.The Rossby waves are reflected into downwelling Kelvin waves,which then propagate eastward along the equator and the Sumatra-Java coast in the Indian Ocean.As a result,the wave dynamics tend to generate negative(positive)SSHA in the eastern Indian Ocean,and thus enhance(reduce)the ITF transport with time lag of 0-6 months(9-12 months),respectively.Under the IOD condition,the wave dynamics also tend to enhance the ITF in the positive IOD year,and reduce the ITF in the following year.
文摘Tropidacris spp. represent the largest known group among acridoids. Their presence ranges from southeastern Mexico and has so far been confirmed only in tropical habitats. This publication seeks to highlight the current and potential challenges associated with their presence. For decades, the use of chemical insecticides has been the primary method for controlling locust populations, though these substances pose significant risks to human health and the environment. Recent research efforts are directed toward developing control methods that are less detrimental to both ecological and human health, such as biopesticides derived from pathogenic fungi, plant extracts, and strategically prescribed burns. Satellite surveillance enables the monitoring of the origination and progression of outbreaks to inform control strategy selection.
