本文对澳大利亚商用冷柜市场准入的强制性法规体系进行了全面、系统且深入的研究,核心围绕构成澳大利亚市场准入三大支柱的电气安全(EESS)、电磁兼容(ACMA)与能效(GEMS)展开。通过对三体系的分析比较,本文为我国制冷设备制造企业在澳大...本文对澳大利亚商用冷柜市场准入的强制性法规体系进行了全面、系统且深入的研究,核心围绕构成澳大利亚市场准入三大支柱的电气安全(EESS)、电磁兼容(ACMA)与能效(GEMS)展开。通过对三体系的分析比较,本文为我国制冷设备制造企业在澳大利亚市场的合规设计与注册提供技术指导和策略建议。其中,EESS通过风险等级划分、责任供应商注册及统一RCM标识管理实现电气安全追溯;ACMA着重防止电磁干扰以确保无线通信与电气系统稳定运行;GEMS则围绕2024年10月5日最新生效的《Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards(Refrigerated Cabinets) Determination 2024》进行解读,分析新版能效法规的主要变化及其对制造企业的合规影响。展开更多
Electrochemical capacitors(ECs),mainly including electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs),pseudocapacitors,and hybrid capacitors,represent a crucial category within electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs),compleme...Electrochemical capacitors(ECs),mainly including electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs),pseudocapacitors,and hybrid capacitors,represent a crucial category within electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs),complementing the shortcomings in battery’s power performance[1].They can deliver higher power densities(typically 10-100 kW/kg)and longer cycle life(≥100,000 cycles)than batteries with charge-discharge timescales ranging from seconds to minutes,but pack lower energy densities(typically≤10 Wh/kg).Despite this limitation,an extensive range of technologies benefit from the prominent high-power characteristics.ECs are particularly valuable in various applications that demand rapid energy storage and release,including smart grids,electric vehicles,military equipment,and electronic devices[2].As new applications continually arise,the demand for these highpower devices is anticipated to become more pronounced in the near future。展开更多
文摘本文对澳大利亚商用冷柜市场准入的强制性法规体系进行了全面、系统且深入的研究,核心围绕构成澳大利亚市场准入三大支柱的电气安全(EESS)、电磁兼容(ACMA)与能效(GEMS)展开。通过对三体系的分析比较,本文为我国制冷设备制造企业在澳大利亚市场的合规设计与注册提供技术指导和策略建议。其中,EESS通过风险等级划分、责任供应商注册及统一RCM标识管理实现电气安全追溯;ACMA着重防止电磁干扰以确保无线通信与电气系统稳定运行;GEMS则围绕2024年10月5日最新生效的《Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards(Refrigerated Cabinets) Determination 2024》进行解读,分析新版能效法规的主要变化及其对制造企业的合规影响。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22125903,22439003,U24A20553,22379144,and 22479128)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(DICP I202471)the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis(2024SKL-A-001)。
文摘Electrochemical capacitors(ECs),mainly including electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs),pseudocapacitors,and hybrid capacitors,represent a crucial category within electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs),complementing the shortcomings in battery’s power performance[1].They can deliver higher power densities(typically 10-100 kW/kg)and longer cycle life(≥100,000 cycles)than batteries with charge-discharge timescales ranging from seconds to minutes,but pack lower energy densities(typically≤10 Wh/kg).Despite this limitation,an extensive range of technologies benefit from the prominent high-power characteristics.ECs are particularly valuable in various applications that demand rapid energy storage and release,including smart grids,electric vehicles,military equipment,and electronic devices[2].As new applications continually arise,the demand for these highpower devices is anticipated to become more pronounced in the near future。
