The eukaryotic translation elongation factors (EEFs), i.e. EEF1A1, EEF1A2, EEF1B2, EEF1D, EEF1G, EEF1E1 and EEF2, are coding-genes that play a central role in the elongation step of translation but are often altered i...The eukaryotic translation elongation factors (EEFs), i.e. EEF1A1, EEF1A2, EEF1B2, EEF1D, EEF1G, EEF1E1 and EEF2, are coding-genes that play a central role in the elongation step of translation but are often altered in cancer. Less investigated are their pseudogenes. Recently, it was demonstrated that pseudogenes have a key regulatory role in the cell, especially via non-coding RNAs, and that the aberrant expression of ncRNAs has an important role in cancer development and progression. The present review paper, for the first time, collects all that published about the EEFs pseudogenes to create a base for future investigations. For most of them, the studies are in their infancy, while for others the studies suggest their involvement in normal cell physiology but also in various human diseases. However, more investigations are needed to understand their functions in both normal and cancer cells and to define which can be useful biomarkers or therapeutic targets.展开更多
TOR(target of rapamycin)是真核生物中高度保守的一种大分子的Ser/Thr激酶,是免疫抑制剂雷帕霉素的在体内的靶物质。TOR能够对营养状况和生长因子等因素的变化做出应答反应,通过介导磷酸化反应调节蛋白激酶4E-BP1,S6K, eEF2和磷酸酶等...TOR(target of rapamycin)是真核生物中高度保守的一种大分子的Ser/Thr激酶,是免疫抑制剂雷帕霉素的在体内的靶物质。TOR能够对营养状况和生长因子等因素的变化做出应答反应,通过介导磷酸化反应调节蛋白激酶4E-BP1,S6K, eEF2和磷酸酶等的活性,控制下游翻译因子的磷酸化水平,调节核糖体发生,蛋白质合成等生理过程,在细胞的生长,增殖的综合调控中起到中枢作用。展开更多
文摘The eukaryotic translation elongation factors (EEFs), i.e. EEF1A1, EEF1A2, EEF1B2, EEF1D, EEF1G, EEF1E1 and EEF2, are coding-genes that play a central role in the elongation step of translation but are often altered in cancer. Less investigated are their pseudogenes. Recently, it was demonstrated that pseudogenes have a key regulatory role in the cell, especially via non-coding RNAs, and that the aberrant expression of ncRNAs has an important role in cancer development and progression. The present review paper, for the first time, collects all that published about the EEFs pseudogenes to create a base for future investigations. For most of them, the studies are in their infancy, while for others the studies suggest their involvement in normal cell physiology but also in various human diseases. However, more investigations are needed to understand their functions in both normal and cancer cells and to define which can be useful biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
文摘TOR(target of rapamycin)是真核生物中高度保守的一种大分子的Ser/Thr激酶,是免疫抑制剂雷帕霉素的在体内的靶物质。TOR能够对营养状况和生长因子等因素的变化做出应答反应,通过介导磷酸化反应调节蛋白激酶4E-BP1,S6K, eEF2和磷酸酶等的活性,控制下游翻译因子的磷酸化水平,调节核糖体发生,蛋白质合成等生理过程,在细胞的生长,增殖的综合调控中起到中枢作用。
