Numerous membrane proteins are cleaved by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme （TACE）, which causes the release of their ectodomains. An ADAM （a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain） family member, TACE co...Numerous membrane proteins are cleaved by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme （TACE）, which causes the release of their ectodomains. An ADAM （a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain） family member, TACE contains several noncatalytic domains whose roles in ectodomain shedding have yet to be fully resolved. Here, we have explored the function of the transmembrane domain （TM） of TACE by coupling molecular engineering and functional analysis. A TM-free TACE construct that is anchored to the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-binding polypeptide failed to restore shedding of transforming growth factor-or （TGF-α）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and L-selectin in cells lacking endogenous TACE activity. Substitution of the TACE TM with that of the prolactin receptor or platelet-derived growth factor receptor （PDGFR） also resulted in severe loss of TGF-α shedding, but had no effects on the cleavage of TNF-α and L-selectin. Replacement of the TM in TGF-α with that of L-selectin enabled TGF-α shedding by the TACE mutants carrying the TM of prolactin receptor and PDGFR. Taken together, our observations suggest that anchorage of TACE to the lipid bilayer through a TM is required for efficient cleavage of a broad spectrum of substrates, and that the amino-acid sequence of TACE TM may play a role in regulatory specificity among TACE substrates.展开更多
AIM:To determine if the cytotail of the principal sheddase tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE;ADAM17) controls protein ectodomain shedding.METHODS:Site-directed mutagenesis was performed to derive TACE v...AIM:To determine if the cytotail of the principal sheddase tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE;ADAM17) controls protein ectodomain shedding.METHODS:Site-directed mutagenesis was performed to derive TACE variants. The resulting TACE expression plasmids with amino acid substitutions in the extracel-lular,cysteine-rich disintegrin domain (CRD) and/or deleted cytotail,along with an expression vector for the enhanced green fluorescence protein were transfected into shedding-defective M1 mutants stably expressing transmembrane L-selectin or transforming growth factor (TGF)-α. The expression levels of the TACE substrates at the cell surface were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS:Consistent with published data,a single point mutation (C600Y) in the CRD led to shedding defi-ciency. However,removal of the cytotail from the C600Y TACE variant partially restored ectodomain cleavage of TGF-α and L-selectin. Cytotail-deleted mutants with any other substituting amino acid residues in place of Cys600 displayed similar function compared with tail-less C600Y TACE.CONCLUSION:The cytotail plays an inhibitory role,which becomes evident when it is removed from an enzyme with another mutation that affects the enzyme function.展开更多
Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-converting enzyme(TACE)is the major protease responsible for processing pro-TNF-αfrom membrane-anchored precursors to secreted TNF-α.In the present study,a 15-peptide library was used t...Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-converting enzyme(TACE)is the major protease responsible for processing pro-TNF-αfrom membrane-anchored precursors to secreted TNF-α.In the present study,a 15-peptide library was used to identify potential TACE antagonists.To obtain the recombinant TACE ectodomain and to use it as a selective molecule for the screening of peptide inhibitors of TACE,cDNA coding for the catalytic domain(T800)and full-length ectodomain(T1300)of TACE were amplified by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.The expression plasmid were constructed by inserting T800/T1300 into plasmid pET-28a/c respectively and were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDSPAGE)andWestern blot analysis revealed that T800/T1300 were highly expressed in the form of an inclusion body induced by isopropylthiogalactoside.After Ni2+–NTA resin affinity chromatography,the purity of the recombinant T800/T1300 protein was more than 90%.T800 and T1300 proteins were used in the screening of T800/T1300-binding peptides from a phage display random 15-peptide library.After four rounds of biopanning,the positive phage clones were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,competitive inhibition assay(ELESA),and DNA sequencing.A common amino acid sequence(TRWLVYFS RPYLVAT)was confirmed and synthesized.A synthetic peptide was shown to bind to TACE and to inhibit TNF-αrelease from lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)by up to 60.3%.Fluorescence-activated cell sorter(FACS)analysis revealed that the peptide mediated the accumulation of TNF-αon an LPS-stimulated PBMC surface.These results demonstrate that the TACE-binding peptide is an effective antagonist of TACE and that the deduced motif might be applied to the molecular design of anti-inflammatory drugs.展开更多
目的探讨成骨细胞特异性钙黏蛋白(cadherin ectodomainⅡ,Cad-Ⅱ)涂布于同种异体脱钙骨基质材料(freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix,FDBM)对兔BMSCs黏附、增殖及成骨分化能力的影响。方法取4周龄日本大耳白兔10只,体重0.61～0.88...目的探讨成骨细胞特异性钙黏蛋白(cadherin ectodomainⅡ,Cad-Ⅱ)涂布于同种异体脱钙骨基质材料(freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix,FDBM)对兔BMSCs黏附、增殖及成骨分化能力的影响。方法取4周龄日本大耳白兔10只,体重0.61～0.88kg,雌雄不限,常规分离培养BMSCs。取第2代BMSCs(细胞密度1×106个/mL)分别与经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM(实验组)和未经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM(对照组)复合,行MTT检测细胞增殖能力,细胞黏附实验检测细胞上架率和上架数,倒置相差显微镜、扫描电镜及HE染色观察细胞生长情况。另取第2代BMSCs(细胞密度5×105个/mL)分别与经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM(实验组)和未经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM(对照组)复合培养,行ALP活性检测和骨钙素免疫组织化学染色观察细胞成骨分化情况。结果MTT检测发现BMSCs在经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的支架材料上能正常增殖,但与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组细胞上架率为87.41%±5.19%,明显高于对照组35.56%±1.75%(P<0.01);对照组每片材料细胞上架数平均为2.6×104个,实验组平均高达5.0×105个,明显多于对照组(P<0.05)。倒置相差显微镜、扫描电镜及HE染色观察均显示实验组支架上黏附细胞数量明显多于对照组。成骨诱导培养7d,实验组和对照组细胞均可表达骨钙素,具有成骨细胞表型;培养14d,实验组和对照组ALP活性分别为29.33±1.53和18.31±1.32,骨钙素免疫组织化学染色阳性率分别为83%±7%和56%±7%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与同组7、21d比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),7d与21d组间及组内比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM对BMSCs增殖无明显促进作用,但能提高细胞黏附性,并促进BMSCs向成骨细胞分化。展开更多
文摘Numerous membrane proteins are cleaved by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme （TACE）, which causes the release of their ectodomains. An ADAM （a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain） family member, TACE contains several noncatalytic domains whose roles in ectodomain shedding have yet to be fully resolved. Here, we have explored the function of the transmembrane domain （TM） of TACE by coupling molecular engineering and functional analysis. A TM-free TACE construct that is anchored to the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-binding polypeptide failed to restore shedding of transforming growth factor-or （TGF-α）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and L-selectin in cells lacking endogenous TACE activity. Substitution of the TACE TM with that of the prolactin receptor or platelet-derived growth factor receptor （PDGFR） also resulted in severe loss of TGF-α shedding, but had no effects on the cleavage of TNF-α and L-selectin. Replacement of the TM in TGF-α with that of L-selectin enabled TGF-α shedding by the TACE mutants carrying the TM of prolactin receptor and PDGFR. Taken together, our observations suggest that anchorage of TACE to the lipid bilayer through a TM is required for efficient cleavage of a broad spectrum of substrates, and that the amino-acid sequence of TACE TM may play a role in regulatory specificity among TACE substrates.
基金Supported by Grants from the National Institutes of Health,No.AG029859 the National Center of the American Heart Association,No.0330335Nthe New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research(NJCCR703010)to Fan H
文摘AIM:To determine if the cytotail of the principal sheddase tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE;ADAM17) controls protein ectodomain shedding.METHODS:Site-directed mutagenesis was performed to derive TACE variants. The resulting TACE expression plasmids with amino acid substitutions in the extracel-lular,cysteine-rich disintegrin domain (CRD) and/or deleted cytotail,along with an expression vector for the enhanced green fluorescence protein were transfected into shedding-defective M1 mutants stably expressing transmembrane L-selectin or transforming growth factor (TGF)-α. The expression levels of the TACE substrates at the cell surface were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS:Consistent with published data,a single point mutation (C600Y) in the CRD led to shedding defi-ciency. However,removal of the cytotail from the C600Y TACE variant partially restored ectodomain cleavage of TGF-α and L-selectin. Cytotail-deleted mutants with any other substituting amino acid residues in place of Cys600 displayed similar function compared with tail-less C600Y TACE.CONCLUSION:The cytotail plays an inhibitory role,which becomes evident when it is removed from an enzyme with another mutation that affects the enzyme function.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.30070722).
文摘Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-converting enzyme(TACE)is the major protease responsible for processing pro-TNF-αfrom membrane-anchored precursors to secreted TNF-α.In the present study,a 15-peptide library was used to identify potential TACE antagonists.To obtain the recombinant TACE ectodomain and to use it as a selective molecule for the screening of peptide inhibitors of TACE,cDNA coding for the catalytic domain(T800)and full-length ectodomain(T1300)of TACE were amplified by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.The expression plasmid were constructed by inserting T800/T1300 into plasmid pET-28a/c respectively and were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDSPAGE)andWestern blot analysis revealed that T800/T1300 were highly expressed in the form of an inclusion body induced by isopropylthiogalactoside.After Ni2+–NTA resin affinity chromatography,the purity of the recombinant T800/T1300 protein was more than 90%.T800 and T1300 proteins were used in the screening of T800/T1300-binding peptides from a phage display random 15-peptide library.After four rounds of biopanning,the positive phage clones were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,competitive inhibition assay(ELESA),and DNA sequencing.A common amino acid sequence(TRWLVYFS RPYLVAT)was confirmed and synthesized.A synthetic peptide was shown to bind to TACE and to inhibit TNF-αrelease from lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)by up to 60.3%.Fluorescence-activated cell sorter(FACS)analysis revealed that the peptide mediated the accumulation of TNF-αon an LPS-stimulated PBMC surface.These results demonstrate that the TACE-binding peptide is an effective antagonist of TACE and that the deduced motif might be applied to the molecular design of anti-inflammatory drugs.
文摘目的探讨成骨细胞特异性钙黏蛋白(cadherin ectodomainⅡ,Cad-Ⅱ)涂布于同种异体脱钙骨基质材料(freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix,FDBM)对兔BMSCs黏附、增殖及成骨分化能力的影响。方法取4周龄日本大耳白兔10只,体重0.61～0.88kg,雌雄不限,常规分离培养BMSCs。取第2代BMSCs(细胞密度1×106个/mL)分别与经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM(实验组)和未经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM(对照组)复合,行MTT检测细胞增殖能力,细胞黏附实验检测细胞上架率和上架数,倒置相差显微镜、扫描电镜及HE染色观察细胞生长情况。另取第2代BMSCs(细胞密度5×105个/mL)分别与经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM(实验组)和未经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM(对照组)复合培养,行ALP活性检测和骨钙素免疫组织化学染色观察细胞成骨分化情况。结果MTT检测发现BMSCs在经Cad-Ⅱ修饰的支架材料上能正常增殖,但与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组细胞上架率为87.41%±5.19%,明显高于对照组35.56%±1.75%(P<0.01);对照组每片材料细胞上架数平均为2.6×104个,实验组平均高达5.0×105个,明显多于对照组(P<0.05)。倒置相差显微镜、扫描电镜及HE染色观察均显示实验组支架上黏附细胞数量明显多于对照组。成骨诱导培养7d,实验组和对照组细胞均可表达骨钙素,具有成骨细胞表型;培养14d,实验组和对照组ALP活性分别为29.33±1.53和18.31±1.32,骨钙素免疫组织化学染色阳性率分别为83%±7%和56%±7%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与同组7、21d比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),7d与21d组间及组内比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Cad-Ⅱ修饰的FDBM对BMSCs增殖无明显促进作用,但能提高细胞黏附性,并促进BMSCs向成骨细胞分化。
