利用Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)5.1软件构建了北部湾海洋生态系统1959-1960年的Ecosim模型,包含渔业、海洋哺乳动物、海鸟、中上层鱼类、底层鱼类、底栖无脊椎动物等20个功能组,通过与1997-1999年调查数据对比,分析了捕捞活动对北部湾生...利用Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)5.1软件构建了北部湾海洋生态系统1959-1960年的Ecosim模型,包含渔业、海洋哺乳动物、海鸟、中上层鱼类、底层鱼类、底栖无脊椎动物等20个功能组,通过与1997-1999年调查数据对比,分析了捕捞活动对北部湾生态系统的结构和功能的影响.结果表明:近40年来在捕捞强度不断增加的压力下,生态系统的结构和功能发生显著变化,长寿命、高营养级的肉食性鱼类生物量下降明显,系统以短寿命、小型鱼类和无脊椎动物占优势.1999年的大中型鱼类的生物量仅为1960年的6%,而小型鱼类和无脊椎动物则明显上升,尤其是头足类生物量上升了2.7倍,渔获物的营养级则从1960年的3.2降低到1999年的2.98,体现了"捕捞降低海洋食物网"的特点,目前的开发模式是不可持续的.利用20世纪90年代数据预测了降低捕捞压力后生态系统的变化.本研究证实了可以使用Ecosim模型预测捕捞压力对生态系统的影响.展开更多
为探究EwE(Ecopath with Ecosim)模型的历史演变和应用现状,本文通过Web of Science主题检索和引文链接法获得1984—2020年间的研究文献构成核心数据集和扩展数据集,并以此为数据源,从论文分布、研究力量、研究主题、热点演化等方面进...为探究EwE(Ecopath with Ecosim)模型的历史演变和应用现状,本文通过Web of Science主题检索和引文链接法获得1984—2020年间的研究文献构成核心数据集和扩展数据集,并以此为数据源,从论文分布、研究力量、研究主题、热点演化等方面进行科学文献计量分析,利用CiteSpace软件绘制相关图谱。结果表明:EwE模型的系列研究成果产出总体呈上升态势,且广泛分布于多学科交叉领域, Christensen、Walters、Pauly等学者在模型应用和国际合作中起到重要推动作用。过去,EwE模型通过建立功能组间的营养关系,主要用于解决生态系统结构和功能的时空变化、捕捞对生态系统影响等问题。当前,研究主题聚焦于海洋资源管理、生态系统模拟、海洋保护区、生态系统指标等重点群组。研究热点从模型开发和食物网结构向生态系统预测和资源管理研究演变,从而为基于生态系统的水域资源管理和海洋保护区建设等提供科学依据。展开更多
根据1999～2002年间对东海南部海区的渔业资源和生态环境进行调查后所获得的数据和资料,应用Ecopath with Ecosim5.1软件构建了该海区生态系统的生态通道模型,基于该模型对生态系统结构特征进行了量化分析。生态通道模型由20个功能组构...根据1999～2002年间对东海南部海区的渔业资源和生态环境进行调查后所获得的数据和资料,应用Ecopath with Ecosim5.1软件构建了该海区生态系统的生态通道模型,基于该模型对生态系统结构特征进行了量化分析。生态通道模型由20个功能组构成,基本覆盖了东海南部海区生态系统能量流动的主要过程。分析结果表明,东海南部海区生态系统各功能组的营养级为1.00～4.23,能量流动主要由6个整合营养级构成,营养级I的利用效率颇为低下,大量初级生产力未进入更高层次的营养流动,造成生态系统下层营养流动的"阻塞"。鲹科鱼类、沙丁鱼、鳀科鱼类和其他小型鱼类的生产量较高,占鱼类总生产量的85.6%,而其他大中型肉食性鱼类的生产量都较低。混合营养分析表明,在能量从低级向高层次转化的食物网中,底层功能组起关键作用。反映系统成熟度的指标,包括较高的净初级生产力(NPP)和净初级生产力/呼吸(NPP/R),以及较低的连接指数(CI)、系统杂食指数(SOI)和Finn’s循环指数(FCI)等,均表明该海区处在一个"幼态化"的生态系统。展开更多
The marine ecosystem of the Jiaozhou Bay has degraded significantly in fisheries productivity and its ecological roles as spawning and nursery ground for many species of commercial importance has been declining in rec...The marine ecosystem of the Jiaozhou Bay has degraded significantly in fisheries productivity and its ecological roles as spawning and nursery ground for many species of commercial importance has been declining in recent years. A mass-balanced trophic model was developed using Ecopath with Ecosim to evaluate the trophic structure of the Jiaozhou Bay for improving ecosystem management. The model were parameterized based on the fisheries survey data in the Jiaozhou Bay in 2011, including 23 species groups and one detritus group according to their ecological roles. The trophic levels of these ecological groups ranged from 1（primary producers and detritus） to4.3（large demersal fishes）. The estimated total system throughput was 12 917.10 t/（km^2·a）, with 74.59% and25.41% contribution of the total energy flows from phytoplankton and detritus, respectively. Network analyses showed that the overall transfer efficiency of the ecosystem was 14.4%, and the mean transfer efficiency was 14.5%for grazing food chain and 13.9% for detritus food chain. The system omnivory index（SOI）, Finn＇s cycled index（FCI） and connectance index（CI） were relatively low in this area while the total primary production/total respiration（TPP/TR） was high, indicating an immature and unstable status of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem. Mixed trophic impact analysis revealed that the cultured shellfish had substantial negative impacts on most functional groups. This study contributed to ecosystem-level evaluation and management planning of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem.展开更多
The existing study was taken to represent the current information in order to develop a mass-balanced ecosystem model within the resettled maritime boundary area of the Bay of Bengal(BoB),Bangladesh from July 2016 to ...The existing study was taken to represent the current information in order to develop a mass-balanced ecosystem model within the resettled maritime boundary area of the Bay of Bengal(BoB),Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017 through ECOPATH approach covering over 90 000 km2.A total of 19 functional groups were considered representing all trophic levels in the foodweb where estimated trophic interactions between the groups were varied from 1(primary producers and detritus)to 3.45(sharks).The ecotrophic efficiency(EE)of most of the consumers was greater than 0.80;symbolizing a largely exploited ecosystem and high energy transfer from lower to higher trophic levels.Moreover,the gross efficiency(0.001 8)and transfer efficiency(11.12%)of the whole system symbolizes the“Developing Systems”with somewhat maturity currently.Ecosystem’s overhead(64.6)and ascendancy(35.4)also designate the ecosystem’s stability.Thus,this study determines that the resettled maritime area of BoB reserves significant backup strength to face stress situations having capacity to rapid restoration to the original states.展开更多
This study used Ecopath model of the Jiaozhou Bay as an example to evaluate the effect of stomach sample size of three fish species on the projection of this model. The derived ecosystem indices were classified into t...This study used Ecopath model of the Jiaozhou Bay as an example to evaluate the effect of stomach sample size of three fish species on the projection of this model. The derived ecosystem indices were classified into three categories:(1) direct indices, like the trophic level of species, influenced by stomach sample size directly;(2)indirect indices, like ecology efficiency(EE) of invertebrates, influenced by the multiple prey-predator relationships;and(3) systemic indices, like total system throughout(TST), describing the status of the whole ecosystem. The influences of different stomach sample sizes on these indices were evaluated. The results suggest that systemic indices of the ecosystem model were robust to stomach sample sizes, whereas specific indices related to species were indicated to be with low accuracy and precision when stomach samples were insufficient.The indices became more uncertain when the stomach sample sizes varied for more species. This study enhances the understanding of how the quality of diet composition data influences ecosystem modeling outputs. The results can also guide the design of stomach content analysis for developing ecosystem models.展开更多
文摘利用Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)5.1软件构建了北部湾海洋生态系统1959-1960年的Ecosim模型,包含渔业、海洋哺乳动物、海鸟、中上层鱼类、底层鱼类、底栖无脊椎动物等20个功能组,通过与1997-1999年调查数据对比,分析了捕捞活动对北部湾生态系统的结构和功能的影响.结果表明:近40年来在捕捞强度不断增加的压力下,生态系统的结构和功能发生显著变化,长寿命、高营养级的肉食性鱼类生物量下降明显,系统以短寿命、小型鱼类和无脊椎动物占优势.1999年的大中型鱼类的生物量仅为1960年的6%,而小型鱼类和无脊椎动物则明显上升,尤其是头足类生物量上升了2.7倍,渔获物的营养级则从1960年的3.2降低到1999年的2.98,体现了"捕捞降低海洋食物网"的特点,目前的开发模式是不可持续的.利用20世纪90年代数据预测了降低捕捞压力后生态系统的变化.本研究证实了可以使用Ecosim模型预测捕捞压力对生态系统的影响.
文摘为探究EwE(Ecopath with Ecosim)模型的历史演变和应用现状,本文通过Web of Science主题检索和引文链接法获得1984—2020年间的研究文献构成核心数据集和扩展数据集,并以此为数据源,从论文分布、研究力量、研究主题、热点演化等方面进行科学文献计量分析,利用CiteSpace软件绘制相关图谱。结果表明:EwE模型的系列研究成果产出总体呈上升态势,且广泛分布于多学科交叉领域, Christensen、Walters、Pauly等学者在模型应用和国际合作中起到重要推动作用。过去,EwE模型通过建立功能组间的营养关系,主要用于解决生态系统结构和功能的时空变化、捕捞对生态系统影响等问题。当前,研究主题聚焦于海洋资源管理、生态系统模拟、海洋保护区、生态系统指标等重点群组。研究热点从模型开发和食物网结构向生态系统预测和资源管理研究演变,从而为基于生态系统的水域资源管理和海洋保护区建设等提供科学依据。
文摘根据1999～2002年间对东海南部海区的渔业资源和生态环境进行调查后所获得的数据和资料,应用Ecopath with Ecosim5.1软件构建了该海区生态系统的生态通道模型,基于该模型对生态系统结构特征进行了量化分析。生态通道模型由20个功能组构成,基本覆盖了东海南部海区生态系统能量流动的主要过程。分析结果表明,东海南部海区生态系统各功能组的营养级为1.00～4.23,能量流动主要由6个整合营养级构成,营养级I的利用效率颇为低下,大量初级生产力未进入更高层次的营养流动,造成生态系统下层营养流动的"阻塞"。鲹科鱼类、沙丁鱼、鳀科鱼类和其他小型鱼类的生产量较高,占鱼类总生产量的85.6%,而其他大中型肉食性鱼类的生产量都较低。混合营养分析表明,在能量从低级向高层次转化的食物网中,底层功能组起关键作用。反映系统成熟度的指标,包括较高的净初级生产力(NPP)和净初级生产力/呼吸(NPP/R),以及较低的连接指数(CI)、系统杂食指数(SOI)和Finn’s循环指数(FCI)等,均表明该海区处在一个"幼态化"的生态系统。
基金The Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ministry of Agriculture under contract No.201303050-02the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project for the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology under contract No.2015ASKJ02+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.201262004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41006083the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China under contract No.ZR2010DQ026
文摘The marine ecosystem of the Jiaozhou Bay has degraded significantly in fisheries productivity and its ecological roles as spawning and nursery ground for many species of commercial importance has been declining in recent years. A mass-balanced trophic model was developed using Ecopath with Ecosim to evaluate the trophic structure of the Jiaozhou Bay for improving ecosystem management. The model were parameterized based on the fisheries survey data in the Jiaozhou Bay in 2011, including 23 species groups and one detritus group according to their ecological roles. The trophic levels of these ecological groups ranged from 1（primary producers and detritus） to4.3（large demersal fishes）. The estimated total system throughput was 12 917.10 t/（km^2·a）, with 74.59% and25.41% contribution of the total energy flows from phytoplankton and detritus, respectively. Network analyses showed that the overall transfer efficiency of the ecosystem was 14.4%, and the mean transfer efficiency was 14.5%for grazing food chain and 13.9% for detritus food chain. The system omnivory index（SOI）, Finn＇s cycled index（FCI） and connectance index（CI） were relatively low in this area while the total primary production/total respiration（TPP/TR） was high, indicating an immature and unstable status of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem. Mixed trophic impact analysis revealed that the cultured shellfish had substantial negative impacts on most functional groups. This study contributed to ecosystem-level evaluation and management planning of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under contract No.201562030
文摘The existing study was taken to represent the current information in order to develop a mass-balanced ecosystem model within the resettled maritime boundary area of the Bay of Bengal(BoB),Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017 through ECOPATH approach covering over 90 000 km2.A total of 19 functional groups were considered representing all trophic levels in the foodweb where estimated trophic interactions between the groups were varied from 1(primary producers and detritus)to 3.45(sharks).The ecotrophic efficiency(EE)of most of the consumers was greater than 0.80;symbolizing a largely exploited ecosystem and high energy transfer from lower to higher trophic levels.Moreover,the gross efficiency(0.001 8)and transfer efficiency(11.12%)of the whole system symbolizes the“Developing Systems”with somewhat maturity currently.Ecosystem’s overhead(64.6)and ascendancy(35.4)also designate the ecosystem’s stability.Thus,this study determines that the resettled maritime area of BoB reserves significant backup strength to face stress situations having capacity to rapid restoration to the original states.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31772852the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.201612004。
文摘This study used Ecopath model of the Jiaozhou Bay as an example to evaluate the effect of stomach sample size of three fish species on the projection of this model. The derived ecosystem indices were classified into three categories:(1) direct indices, like the trophic level of species, influenced by stomach sample size directly;(2)indirect indices, like ecology efficiency(EE) of invertebrates, influenced by the multiple prey-predator relationships;and(3) systemic indices, like total system throughout(TST), describing the status of the whole ecosystem. The influences of different stomach sample sizes on these indices were evaluated. The results suggest that systemic indices of the ecosystem model were robust to stomach sample sizes, whereas specific indices related to species were indicated to be with low accuracy and precision when stomach samples were insufficient.The indices became more uncertain when the stomach sample sizes varied for more species. This study enhances the understanding of how the quality of diet composition data influences ecosystem modeling outputs. The results can also guide the design of stomach content analysis for developing ecosystem models.
