基于福建省冬半年沿海和港湾岛屿自动站的逐时极大风观测资料和WRF（Weather Research and Forecast）、EC（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts）细网格以及T639（TL639L60）三种模式预报的10 m风场资料，将模式预报...基于福建省冬半年沿海和港湾岛屿自动站的逐时极大风观测资料和WRF（Weather Research and Forecast）、EC（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts）细网格以及T639（TL639L60）三种模式预报的10 m风场资料，将模式预报的风向风速与观测资料进行对比检验，结果表明：福建省沿海冬半年大风的盛行风向以东北风为主，大风的时空分布极为不均，沿海风力的脉动性、跳跃性、局地性突出。从三种模式对风速风向的模拟效果来看， WRF和EC细网格的预报效果较好，有可参考性， T639可参考性不高。对于风速，模式预报结果相比实况极大风速偏小，港湾岛屿代表站风速的平均绝对误差均小于沿海代表站，预报平均误差由沿海向内陆逐渐减小，由中部向南北逐渐减小。风向相比风速的预报效果要差， WRF和EC细网格的风向预报误差在45°-50°，有一定的参考意义；港湾岛屿代表站风向的平均绝对误差大于沿海代表站，以浮标站的误差最大。当观测风速出现7级及以上风速时，若对大风进行分级检验，则较低风速的预报平均绝对误差小于较高风速；风向预报的平均绝对误差也大大降低，且误差都在45°以内，具有良好的参考性。展开更多
The superelasticity and elastocaloric effect(eCE)in N-free Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy and 0.6N(at.%)-doped Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy were comparatively studied.It was found that nitrogen doping played roles in elevating β→α transit...The superelasticity and elastocaloric effect(eCE)in N-free Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy and 0.6N(at.%)-doped Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy were comparatively studied.It was found that nitrogen doping played roles in elevating β→α transition temperature,refining grain sizes,homogenizing microstructure and altering dominant texture index.The N-free Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy exhibited a temperature change of +6.7/−6.5 K during load-ing/unloading processes in the first superelastic cycle,but gradually decreased to+5.7/−5.2 K in 200th cycle owing to the accumulation of newly codirectional dislocation lines and the following single-system dislocation slip during cyclic tests.By contrast,the N-doped alloy showed a lower initial temperature change of+3.7/−3.1 K but increased to+4.6/−4.1 K in 200th cycle due to the extra caloric effect generated from nanoscale O′phase to α″phase which experienced reorientation to favorable variants in early cycles.Residual α″phase laths derived from stress-induced martensitic transformation(SIMT)appeared in both alloys after tensile cycles.The phase interface between β and α″phase was determined to behave a terraced shape,a type of interface compromising the reversible martensitic transformation(MT)and stabilization of martensite phase.The amount of nanodomains(O′phase)in regions situated at a distance from martensite significantly increased after cycles in both alloys,which accounted for the quickly reached stable superelastic deformation and much narrower hysteresis after the first cycle.Therefore,in light of the reproducibility and reversibility of elastocaloric performance in practical application,N-doped β-Ti shape memory alloys(SMAs)are promising candidate materials.展开更多
Long-term regional extreme cold events(ECEs)garner significant attention due to their widespread impact and prolonged duration,posing critical threats to human society and ecosystems.Previous studies have examined ECE...Long-term regional extreme cold events(ECEs)garner significant attention due to their widespread impact and prolonged duration,posing critical threats to human society and ecosystems.Previous studies have examined ECE characteristics at single sites or grid points,however,it is crucial to recognize that such events generally manifest as spatiotemporally continuous regional phenomena.Here,we proposed an objective methodology based on spatiotemporal continuity to identify ECEs in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)during the winters of 1961-2015.This approach successfully reproduced the dynamic evolution of ECEs,encompassing their initiation,development,and dissipation.We further analyzed the changes of ECE intensity,frequency,and duration,and assessed ECE trends within varying return periods by employing the generalized Pareto distribution(GPD).Our findings reveal a decline in the frequency and duration of ECEs in CPEC over the study period,while their intensity has increased by 50%.ECEs predominantly occur in the northern regions of Azad Kashmir and Balochistan’s Quetta in Pakistan,and Kashgar in China.High recurrence levels are associated with an expansion of ECE-prone areas,particularly in the northern Pamir Plateau,which emerges as a regional hotspot.These results highlight the critical need to remain vigilant to potential future surges in ECEs under global warming,underscoring their implications for regional climate resilience.展开更多
This paper depicted the physiographic landscape features and natural vegetation situation of study area (the eastern Jilin Province), and expatiates the definition, basic characters and its development of Ecological L...This paper depicted the physiographic landscape features and natural vegetation situation of study area (the eastern Jilin Province), and expatiates the definition, basic characters and its development of Ecological Land Classification (ELC). Based on the combination of relief map, satellite photography for study area and vegetation inventory data of 480 sample sites, a 5-class and a 15-class ecological land type map was concluded according to 4 important factors including slope, aspect, vegetation and elevation. Ecological Classification System (ECS) is a method to identify, characterize, and map ecosystems. The Ecological Land Type (ELT) was examined and applied initially in eastern Jilin Province.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of vegetable oil EC on chemical pesticides. [Method] Cottonseed oil EC and soybean oil EC were mixed with 20% imidacloprid EC and 0.5% avermectin WE re...[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of vegetable oil EC on chemical pesticides. [Method] Cottonseed oil EC and soybean oil EC were mixed with 20% imidacloprid EC and 0.5% avermectin WE respectively, Schizaphis graminum were handled with dipped method,synergistic effects of vegetable oil EC on imidacloprid and avermectin were analyzed. [Result] Cottonseed oil EC and soybean oil EC had obvious synergistic effect on 20% imidacloprid EC and 0.5% avermectin WE. Corrected mortality of 20% imidacloprid EC＋cottonseed oil EC（0.10＋10.00, 0.10＋5.00, 0.10＋3.33 and 0.05＋10.00 ml/L）, 0.5% avermectin WE＋cottonseed oil EC（1.00＋10.00, 1.00＋5.00, 0.50＋10.00 and 0.50＋5.00 ml/L）and 20% imidacloprid EC＋soybean oil EC（0.10＋10.00, 0.10＋5.00, 0.10＋10.00 and 0.05＋5.00 ml/L） were all over 90%. [Conclusion] Considered from control effect and economy angle, the mixture of cottonseed oil EC or soybean oil EC with 20% imidacloprid EC, and the mixture of cottonseed oil EC with 0.5% avermectin WE could be used to control S. graminum.展开更多
文摘基于福建省冬半年沿海和港湾岛屿自动站的逐时极大风观测资料和WRF（Weather Research and Forecast）、EC（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts）细网格以及T639（TL639L60）三种模式预报的10 m风场资料，将模式预报的风向风速与观测资料进行对比检验，结果表明：福建省沿海冬半年大风的盛行风向以东北风为主，大风的时空分布极为不均，沿海风力的脉动性、跳跃性、局地性突出。从三种模式对风速风向的模拟效果来看， WRF和EC细网格的预报效果较好，有可参考性， T639可参考性不高。对于风速，模式预报结果相比实况极大风速偏小，港湾岛屿代表站风速的平均绝对误差均小于沿海代表站，预报平均误差由沿海向内陆逐渐减小，由中部向南北逐渐减小。风向相比风速的预报效果要差， WRF和EC细网格的风向预报误差在45°-50°，有一定的参考意义；港湾岛屿代表站风向的平均绝对误差大于沿海代表站，以浮标站的误差最大。当观测风速出现7级及以上风速时，若对大风进行分级检验，则较低风速的预报平均绝对误差小于较高风速；风向预报的平均绝对误差也大大降低，且误差都在45°以内，具有良好的参考性。
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3805701)the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.52371182)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number YQ2024E014).
文摘The superelasticity and elastocaloric effect(eCE)in N-free Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy and 0.6N(at.%)-doped Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy were comparatively studied.It was found that nitrogen doping played roles in elevating β→α transition temperature,refining grain sizes,homogenizing microstructure and altering dominant texture index.The N-free Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy exhibited a temperature change of +6.7/−6.5 K during load-ing/unloading processes in the first superelastic cycle,but gradually decreased to+5.7/−5.2 K in 200th cycle owing to the accumulation of newly codirectional dislocation lines and the following single-system dislocation slip during cyclic tests.By contrast,the N-doped alloy showed a lower initial temperature change of+3.7/−3.1 K but increased to+4.6/−4.1 K in 200th cycle due to the extra caloric effect generated from nanoscale O′phase to α″phase which experienced reorientation to favorable variants in early cycles.Residual α″phase laths derived from stress-induced martensitic transformation(SIMT)appeared in both alloys after tensile cycles.The phase interface between β and α″phase was determined to behave a terraced shape,a type of interface compromising the reversible martensitic transformation(MT)and stabilization of martensite phase.The amount of nanodomains(O′phase)in regions situated at a distance from martensite significantly increased after cycles in both alloys,which accounted for the quickly reached stable superelastic deformation and much narrower hysteresis after the first cycle.Therefore,in light of the reproducibility and reversibility of elastocaloric performance in practical application,N-doped β-Ti shape memory alloys(SMAs)are promising candidate materials.
基金Under the auspices of the Key R&D Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022B03021)Tianshan Talent Training Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022TSYCLJ0011)+2 种基金Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements from the Qinghai Province(No.2020-SF-145)the 2020 Qinghai Kunlun Talents-leading Scientists Project(No.2020-LCJ-02)Key Program of International Cooperation,Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.131551KYSB20210030)。
文摘Long-term regional extreme cold events(ECEs)garner significant attention due to their widespread impact and prolonged duration,posing critical threats to human society and ecosystems.Previous studies have examined ECE characteristics at single sites or grid points,however,it is crucial to recognize that such events generally manifest as spatiotemporally continuous regional phenomena.Here,we proposed an objective methodology based on spatiotemporal continuity to identify ECEs in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)during the winters of 1961-2015.This approach successfully reproduced the dynamic evolution of ECEs,encompassing their initiation,development,and dissipation.We further analyzed the changes of ECE intensity,frequency,and duration,and assessed ECE trends within varying return periods by employing the generalized Pareto distribution(GPD).Our findings reveal a decline in the frequency and duration of ECEs in CPEC over the study period,while their intensity has increased by 50%.ECEs predominantly occur in the northern regions of Azad Kashmir and Balochistan’s Quetta in Pakistan,and Kashgar in China.High recurrence levels are associated with an expansion of ECE-prone areas,particularly in the northern Pamir Plateau,which emerges as a regional hotspot.These results highlight the critical need to remain vigilant to potential future surges in ECEs under global warming,underscoring their implications for regional climate resilience.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences"100 people’project and the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem
文摘This paper depicted the physiographic landscape features and natural vegetation situation of study area (the eastern Jilin Province), and expatiates the definition, basic characters and its development of Ecological Land Classification (ELC). Based on the combination of relief map, satellite photography for study area and vegetation inventory data of 480 sample sites, a 5-class and a 15-class ecological land type map was concluded according to 4 important factors including slope, aspect, vegetation and elevation. Ecological Classification System (ECS) is a method to identify, characterize, and map ecosystems. The Ecological Land Type (ELT) was examined and applied initially in eastern Jilin Province.
基金Supported by Key Topics of Liaocheng University(x061005)Education Department of Shandong Province,Science and Technology Development Plan(J09Lc17)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of vegetable oil EC on chemical pesticides. [Method] Cottonseed oil EC and soybean oil EC were mixed with 20% imidacloprid EC and 0.5% avermectin WE respectively, Schizaphis graminum were handled with dipped method,synergistic effects of vegetable oil EC on imidacloprid and avermectin were analyzed. [Result] Cottonseed oil EC and soybean oil EC had obvious synergistic effect on 20% imidacloprid EC and 0.5% avermectin WE. Corrected mortality of 20% imidacloprid EC＋cottonseed oil EC（0.10＋10.00, 0.10＋5.00, 0.10＋3.33 and 0.05＋10.00 ml/L）, 0.5% avermectin WE＋cottonseed oil EC（1.00＋10.00, 1.00＋5.00, 0.50＋10.00 and 0.50＋5.00 ml/L）and 20% imidacloprid EC＋soybean oil EC（0.10＋10.00, 0.10＋5.00, 0.10＋10.00 and 0.05＋5.00 ml/L） were all over 90%. [Conclusion] Considered from control effect and economy angle, the mixture of cottonseed oil EC or soybean oil EC with 20% imidacloprid EC, and the mixture of cottonseed oil EC with 0.5% avermectin WE could be used to control S. graminum.
