Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you d...Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you do the habit.Then,try to do something else,such as chewing gum or reading a book.Ask a friend to help you stop.They can watch you and remind you.Do your best and don't stop trying.Changing little by little can make a difference!展开更多
BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity...BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.展开更多
Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be...Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.展开更多
Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef ...Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.展开更多
BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for ...BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.展开更多
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescen...Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescents. It is in adolescence that eating habits are formed that persist till adulthood. Lifestyle interventions are needed to curb NCDs in adolescents. This paper reports the findings of a study that aimed to validate a lifestyle intervention program and its effect on food intake, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge. It was a clustered randomized control trial study conducted in four (4) junior secondary schools. There were 46 participants, 21 in the control and 25 in the intervention arm, who were blindly assigned to each arm by a statistician. Information and skills on nutrition were imparted using the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills model. The program was implemented for eight (8) weeks hourly after school. A questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-intervention. Number, proportion, percentage, and independent t-test (mean and SD or median and IQR, p-value) were calculated using numerical and categorical data. The findings showed that the lifestyle intervention was valid, and there was a slight decrease in the intake of sweets among participants in both trial arms (p = 0.066). There was no significant difference in terms of food intake. Only a small number of participants still ate a few fruits, and there was no change in vegetable intake in both trial arms (p = 0.641). There was no change in the intake of fried foods in both trail arms (p = 0.402). Regarding nutrition knowledge, there was a slight significant difference of p = 0.079 between the trial arms. Though the effect of the lifestyle intervention program was not statistically significant, the results are promising, especially if the duration could be increased to a longer period and a larger sample size included.展开更多
Background In light of growing concern over eating disorders among young athletes amid cultural and social pressures,this study aimed to assess the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa(ON)risk and evaluate body image perc...Background In light of growing concern over eating disorders among young athletes amid cultural and social pressures,this study aimed to assess the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa(ON)risk and evaluate body image perception and its predictive factors among young football players from Poland and Türkiye.Methods The study involved 171 players aged 15–18 years,recruited from football academies in Poland and Türkiye.The Polish and Turkish versions of the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults(BESAA)were administered to assess body image perception,while the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale(DOS)was used to measure ON risk.Anthropometric measurements were taken to calculate Body Mass Index(BMI),which was then referenced to centile charts to determine nutritional status.Results Results indicated that 13%of participants exhibited characteristics of ON,with an additional 26%classified as at elevated risk.Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in ON prevalence between Polish and Turkish players(p=0.938)and no age-related differences(p=0.694).Among Polish players,a significant positive association emerged between BMI(relative to centile charts)and overall appearance evaluation(BE-Appearance)(p=0.008,partialη^(2)=0.10).This relationship was not observed in Turkish players.Moreover,analysis of ON risk predictors—including age,nationality,nutritional status,and body image—did not identify any single variable as a definitive predictor(all p-values>0.05),with a low predictive capacity(McFadden’s R^(2)=0.03).Conclusion The study revealed a significant risk of ON among young footballers with no clear predictors.展开更多
Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological c...Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.展开更多
Do you know any old wives'tales?You probably heard them from your mom.And she heard them from her mom.Many of these tales aren't true,but we talk about them anyway.For example,don't go outside with wet hai...Do you know any old wives'tales?You probably heard them from your mom.And she heard them from her mom.Many of these tales aren't true,but we talk about them anyway.For example,don't go outside with wet hair,or you'll catch a cold.If you drop food and pick it up in under five seconds,it is safe to eat.You should eat a lot when you have a cold,but only eat a little when you have a fever.And eating bread crusts makes your hair curly.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders ...BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders have been described following bariatric surgery.However,the differentiation of pathologic eating patterns from expected dietary changes following bariatric surgery can sometimes be difficult to discern.CASE SUMMARY A female in her early 40s presented for medical stabilization of severe protein calorie malnutrition after losing 52.3 kg over the last six months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,with subsequent development of cyclic nausea and vomiting.Fear of these aversive physical symptoms led to further restriction of nutritional intake and weight loss.The patient was diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder,which has not been previously reported after bariatric surgery.CONCLUSION Improvement in the diagnostic nomenclature for feeding and eating disorders is warranted for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.展开更多
Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated b...Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated by social pressure,peer comparison,and academic stress,has been identified as a potential contributor to restrained eating behavior.However,research exploring the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating,particularly in the context of self-esteem and physical appearance perfectionism,remains limited.This study aims to investigate these relationships and design an intervention program to reduce restrained eating behaviors in female college students.Methods:Study 1 involved 617 female college students,using the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to measure key variables.We examined the relationships between physical appearance perfectionism,self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,and restrained eating.In Study 2,a 4-week group psychological intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT)was implemented with 45 students,divided into experimental,control,and placebo groups.The intervention’s effectiveness was assessed in reducing restrained eating and negative evaluation fear.Results:The study found that fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating and physical appearance perfectionism.Physical appearance perfectionism,in turn,positively predicted restrained eating and partially mediated the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating.Self-esteem moderated this mediation effect.Additionally,the ACT-based intervention significantly reduced fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating behavior in the experimental group.Conclusion:This study identifies fear of negative evaluation and physical appearance perfectionism as key predictors of restrained eating in female college students.Fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating,with physical appearance perfectionism partially mediating this relationship.The ACT-based intervention effectively reduced both fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating.These findings highlight the importance of addressing negative evaluation fear and appearance perfectionism in interventions for restrained eating.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the increasing global incidence of mental illness,depression has become a serious problem among college students.AIM To investigate the relationship between depression and its correlates in Chinese ado...BACKGROUND With the increasing global incidence of mental illness,depression has become a serious problem among college students.AIM To investigate the relationship between depression and its correlates in Chinese adolescents and to identify diagnostic predictors of depression,examine the effects of binge eating,physical activity,and body dissatisfaction on depression among college students and to determine a diagnostic cutoff value for depression based on body dissatisfaction.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1286 college students in South China.Physical activity level,depressive symptoms,and binge eating behavior were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale-3,Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire,respectively.The absolute difference between actual body mass index(BMI)and ideal BMI was used to indicate the level of body dissatisfaction.Structural equation modeling(SEM)and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were used to examine the relationships between these variables and depression.RESULTS The findings showed that female college students reported higher levels of depression.Physical activity,body dissatisfaction,and binge eating behavior were significantly associated with depression.SEM revealed that body dissatisfaction played a mediating role.A body dissatisfaction score of 1.73 was identified as the diagnostic cutoff value for predicting depression,with an area under the ROC curve of 70.0%,providing a basis for targeted interventions.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a significant positive correlation between body dissatisfaction and depression.Low levels of physical activity and binge eating behaviors were found to heighten the risk of depression.Therefore,promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits among adolescents is essential.Additionally,the identification of a diagnostic threshold for body dissatisfaction represents a novel finding with important implications for early screening.Future longitudinal studies are recommended to further refine this diagnostic criterion.展开更多
Table manners are important in manycultures.Inmost countries,youwait untileveryone has food before eating.Youalso don't put your elbows on the table.It's not polite to eat too fast.And youshouldn't talk wi...Table manners are important in manycultures.Inmost countries,youwait untileveryone has food before eating.Youalso don't put your elbows on the table.It's not polite to eat too fast.And youshouldn't talk with food in yourmouth orchew with your mouth open.展开更多
The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartph...The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartphone or tablet during meals can cause distractions and negatively affect metabolic health.A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by synthesizing peer-reviewed studies on the interplay between smartphone use during meals,eating behaviors,and metabolic health.Relevant literature was identified through searches in electronic databases and organized thematically to highlight trends and research gaps.By synthesizing evidence from existing literature,this review highlights that smartphone use during meals is associated with increased caloric intake,altered food composition,and disruptions in postprandial metabolic responses.These effects are mediated by reduced meal awareness and psychological distractions,including multitasking.Variability in findings arises from differences in study designs and populations.This review identifies critical research gaps,including the lack of longitudinal studies and the need to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.By summarizing trends and patterns,this narrative review offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between digital device use,eating habits,and metabolic health,providing a foundation for future research and interventions.展开更多
The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to iden...The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to identify novel AC genes/loci through genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)using more than 5.0 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).In this study,12 genes related to AC,including the major gene Wx and 11 minor genes,were detected using the EMMAX method.A novel gene,LR,encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat(LRR)receptor(NLR)family protein,was selected for functional study.When LR was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9,the AC decreased significantly.Furthermore,the AC in varieties was significantly higher with Haplotype A compared to Haplotypes B and C of LR.Notably,two natural variations,SNP-385(Thr-Hap.A vs Ala-Haps.B and C)and SNP-758(Ser-Hap.A vs Asn-Haps.B and C),in the coding region of LR might play critical roles in regulating AC and serve as potential targets for cultivating rice with diverse amylose contents.展开更多
Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social ...Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social physique anxiety,body image concerns,and self-objectification may act as barriers to PA engagement,influencing both mental and physical health.The present study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationship between body image-related psychological factors and resistance to PA in university students from southern Spain.Methods:A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 519 university students(74%females,26%males;Mean age=21.14±3.26 years)from universities in Granada and Malaga(Spain).Data were collected between May and October 2024 via online questionnaires that assessed PA engagement,Mediterranean diet adherence,eating disorder symptoms,body image-related psychological factors(social physique anxiety,appearance control beliefs,body surveillance,body shame,and self-esteem),and sociodemographic characteristics.SEM was performed to analyze relationships and sex-based differences.Results:Social physique anxietywas positively associated with body shame,body surveillance,and eating disorders,and negatively associated with self-esteem,PA engagement,and appearance control beliefs(all p<0.001).Appearance control beliefs were positively related to self-esteem,body surveillance,and PA(all p<0.05).Body surveillance was negatively linked to PA and positively linked to body shame.Mediterranean diet adherence and eating disorders were positively associated with PA(all p<0.001).Sex-based differences were observed in the model.Conclusion:Body image-related psychological factors may act as barriers to PA among university students.Interventions should integrate mental health promotion and consider sex differences.展开更多
Metformin is generally safe but can cause lactic acidosis and rarely organ dysfunction during overdose.Misuse for weight loss,especially in undiagnosed eating disorder,is concerning.In stigmatized settings such condit...Metformin is generally safe but can cause lactic acidosis and rarely organ dysfunction during overdose.Misuse for weight loss,especially in undiagnosed eating disorder,is concerning.In stigmatized settings such conditions may go unrecognized This case illustrated severe complications from chronic metformin abuse in a young female with suspected anorexia nervosa,highlighting the need for integrated medical and psychiatric care.To the best of our knowledge,this is only the second case report of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)due to metformin toxicity.CASE SUMMARY Here,we reported a rare case of MODS involving four organs due to metformin abuse.A 22-year-old female located in Syria with a history suspicious of anorexia nervosa presented with dehydration,diarrhea,and altered consciousness.Labs revealed mixed high and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis from starvation ketosis and bicarbonate loss.She recovered with supportive care but returned 3 months later in shock with severe acidemia,kidney injury,pancreatitis,and liver dysfunction,consistent with MODS.Further history revealed chronic metformin abuse(up to 3000 mg/day)for weight loss.She recovered fully and began cognitive behavioral therapy.This case underscored the dangers of metformin misuse in eating disorders.CONCLUSION This case highlighted the potentially life-threatening consequences of surreptitious metformin abuse in the context of an underlying eating disorder.Early recognition,thorough history-taking,and multidisciplinary management,including psychiatric support,are essential for recovery and prevention of recurrence.展开更多
Alternate wetting and soil drying irrigation(AWD)technique is crucial in infuencing grain quality in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Lipids are the third most abundant constituents in rice grains,after starch and proteins,and a...Alternate wetting and soil drying irrigation(AWD)technique is crucial in infuencing grain quality in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Lipids are the third most abundant constituents in rice grains,after starch and proteins,and are closely related to grain quality.However,it remains unclear about the changes in lipids profling under different AWD regimes.This study set up three irrigation regimes including conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation(AWSD).It explored lipidome changes in milled rice of Yangdao 6(YD6)using the untargeted lipidomics approach and analyzed rice cooking and eating quality.The results identifed seven lipid classes,55 lipid subclasses,and 1,086 lipid molecular species.Compared with the CI regime,the AWMD regime mainly altered lipid subclasses consisting of triglyceride(TG),ceramide(Cer),diglyceride(DG),bis-methyl lysophosphatidic acid(BisMePA),phosphocholine(PC),phosphoethanolamine(PE),monogalactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG),and digalactosyl diglyceride(DGDG)in milled rice and improved cooking and eating quality of rice;in contrast,the AWSD regime distinctly changed lipid subclasses like TG,Cer,DG,PC,PE,hexosylceramide(Hex1Cer),DGDG,and BisMePA and degraded cooking and eating quality of rice.Specifcally,AWMD most signifcantly altered the expressions of lipid molecules,including DGDG(18:0_18:2),DGDG(16:0_14:0),PC(33:1),Cer(t17:0_26:0),and Cer(t17:0_16:0);AWSD most obviously influenced the expressions of TG(6:0_14:0_18:3),PC(41:1),TG(19:1_18:4_18:4),Hex1Cer(d18:2_24:0+O),and Hex1Cer(d18:2_24:1).These 10 altered lipid molecules in milled rice can be preferentially used for investigating their relationships with grain quality in rice.展开更多
文摘Many people have bad habits,and they are not good for you.Bad habits can be staying up too late,eating too many sweets or biting your nails.Bad habits aren't easy to break,but you can do it!First,notice when you do the habit.Then,try to do something else,such as chewing gum or reading a book.Ask a friend to help you stop.They can watch you and remind you.Do your best and don't stop trying.Changing little by little can make a difference!
文摘BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.
文摘Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.
文摘Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.
文摘BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.
文摘Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescents. It is in adolescence that eating habits are formed that persist till adulthood. Lifestyle interventions are needed to curb NCDs in adolescents. This paper reports the findings of a study that aimed to validate a lifestyle intervention program and its effect on food intake, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge. It was a clustered randomized control trial study conducted in four (4) junior secondary schools. There were 46 participants, 21 in the control and 25 in the intervention arm, who were blindly assigned to each arm by a statistician. Information and skills on nutrition were imparted using the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills model. The program was implemented for eight (8) weeks hourly after school. A questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-intervention. Number, proportion, percentage, and independent t-test (mean and SD or median and IQR, p-value) were calculated using numerical and categorical data. The findings showed that the lifestyle intervention was valid, and there was a slight decrease in the intake of sweets among participants in both trial arms (p = 0.066). There was no significant difference in terms of food intake. Only a small number of participants still ate a few fruits, and there was no change in vegetable intake in both trial arms (p = 0.641). There was no change in the intake of fried foods in both trail arms (p = 0.402). Regarding nutrition knowledge, there was a slight significant difference of p = 0.079 between the trial arms. Though the effect of the lifestyle intervention program was not statistically significant, the results are promising, especially if the duration could be increased to a longer period and a larger sample size included.
文摘Background In light of growing concern over eating disorders among young athletes amid cultural and social pressures,this study aimed to assess the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa(ON)risk and evaluate body image perception and its predictive factors among young football players from Poland and Türkiye.Methods The study involved 171 players aged 15–18 years,recruited from football academies in Poland and Türkiye.The Polish and Turkish versions of the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults(BESAA)were administered to assess body image perception,while the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale(DOS)was used to measure ON risk.Anthropometric measurements were taken to calculate Body Mass Index(BMI),which was then referenced to centile charts to determine nutritional status.Results Results indicated that 13%of participants exhibited characteristics of ON,with an additional 26%classified as at elevated risk.Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in ON prevalence between Polish and Turkish players(p=0.938)and no age-related differences(p=0.694).Among Polish players,a significant positive association emerged between BMI(relative to centile charts)and overall appearance evaluation(BE-Appearance)(p=0.008,partialη^(2)=0.10).This relationship was not observed in Turkish players.Moreover,analysis of ON risk predictors—including age,nationality,nutritional status,and body image—did not identify any single variable as a definitive predictor(all p-values>0.05),with a low predictive capacity(McFadden’s R^(2)=0.03).Conclusion The study revealed a significant risk of ON among young footballers with no clear predictors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2022 and 32372217)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300700)the Free Exploration Program of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Sichuan Basin,China(SKL-ZY202216)。
文摘Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.
文摘Do you know any old wives'tales?You probably heard them from your mom.And she heard them from her mom.Many of these tales aren't true,but we talk about them anyway.For example,don't go outside with wet hair,or you'll catch a cold.If you drop food and pick it up in under five seconds,it is safe to eat.You should eat a lot when you have a cold,but only eat a little when you have a fever.And eating bread crusts makes your hair curly.
文摘BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders have been described following bariatric surgery.However,the differentiation of pathologic eating patterns from expected dietary changes following bariatric surgery can sometimes be difficult to discern.CASE SUMMARY A female in her early 40s presented for medical stabilization of severe protein calorie malnutrition after losing 52.3 kg over the last six months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,with subsequent development of cyclic nausea and vomiting.Fear of these aversive physical symptoms led to further restriction of nutritional intake and weight loss.The patient was diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder,which has not been previously reported after bariatric surgery.CONCLUSION Improvement in the diagnostic nomenclature for feeding and eating disorders is warranted for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.
文摘Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated by social pressure,peer comparison,and academic stress,has been identified as a potential contributor to restrained eating behavior.However,research exploring the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating,particularly in the context of self-esteem and physical appearance perfectionism,remains limited.This study aims to investigate these relationships and design an intervention program to reduce restrained eating behaviors in female college students.Methods:Study 1 involved 617 female college students,using the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to measure key variables.We examined the relationships between physical appearance perfectionism,self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,and restrained eating.In Study 2,a 4-week group psychological intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT)was implemented with 45 students,divided into experimental,control,and placebo groups.The intervention’s effectiveness was assessed in reducing restrained eating and negative evaluation fear.Results:The study found that fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating and physical appearance perfectionism.Physical appearance perfectionism,in turn,positively predicted restrained eating and partially mediated the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating.Self-esteem moderated this mediation effect.Additionally,the ACT-based intervention significantly reduced fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating behavior in the experimental group.Conclusion:This study identifies fear of negative evaluation and physical appearance perfectionism as key predictors of restrained eating in female college students.Fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating,with physical appearance perfectionism partially mediating this relationship.The ACT-based intervention effectively reduced both fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating.These findings highlight the importance of addressing negative evaluation fear and appearance perfectionism in interventions for restrained eating.
基金Supported by Starting Research Fund from the Gannan Medical University,No.QD202121。
文摘BACKGROUND With the increasing global incidence of mental illness,depression has become a serious problem among college students.AIM To investigate the relationship between depression and its correlates in Chinese adolescents and to identify diagnostic predictors of depression,examine the effects of binge eating,physical activity,and body dissatisfaction on depression among college students and to determine a diagnostic cutoff value for depression based on body dissatisfaction.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1286 college students in South China.Physical activity level,depressive symptoms,and binge eating behavior were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale-3,Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire,respectively.The absolute difference between actual body mass index(BMI)and ideal BMI was used to indicate the level of body dissatisfaction.Structural equation modeling(SEM)and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were used to examine the relationships between these variables and depression.RESULTS The findings showed that female college students reported higher levels of depression.Physical activity,body dissatisfaction,and binge eating behavior were significantly associated with depression.SEM revealed that body dissatisfaction played a mediating role.A body dissatisfaction score of 1.73 was identified as the diagnostic cutoff value for predicting depression,with an area under the ROC curve of 70.0%,providing a basis for targeted interventions.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a significant positive correlation between body dissatisfaction and depression.Low levels of physical activity and binge eating behaviors were found to heighten the risk of depression.Therefore,promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits among adolescents is essential.Additionally,the identification of a diagnostic threshold for body dissatisfaction represents a novel finding with important implications for early screening.Future longitudinal studies are recommended to further refine this diagnostic criterion.
文摘Table manners are important in manycultures.Inmost countries,youwait untileveryone has food before eating.Youalso don't put your elbows on the table.It's not polite to eat too fast.And youshouldn't talk with food in yourmouth orchew with your mouth open.
文摘The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartphone or tablet during meals can cause distractions and negatively affect metabolic health.A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by synthesizing peer-reviewed studies on the interplay between smartphone use during meals,eating behaviors,and metabolic health.Relevant literature was identified through searches in electronic databases and organized thematically to highlight trends and research gaps.By synthesizing evidence from existing literature,this review highlights that smartphone use during meals is associated with increased caloric intake,altered food composition,and disruptions in postprandial metabolic responses.These effects are mediated by reduced meal awareness and psychological distractions,including multitasking.Variability in findings arises from differences in study designs and populations.This review identifies critical research gaps,including the lack of longitudinal studies and the need to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.By summarizing trends and patterns,this narrative review offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between digital device use,eating habits,and metabolic health,providing a foundation for future research and interventions.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.2021JJLH0041)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LY23C130006)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472207)Nanfan Special Project,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant Nos.YBXM2436 and YBXM2326)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(Grant No.ZDYF2022XDNY256)the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.KJRC2023B24).
文摘The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to identify novel AC genes/loci through genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)using more than 5.0 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).In this study,12 genes related to AC,including the major gene Wx and 11 minor genes,were detected using the EMMAX method.A novel gene,LR,encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat(LRR)receptor(NLR)family protein,was selected for functional study.When LR was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9,the AC decreased significantly.Furthermore,the AC in varieties was significantly higher with Haplotype A compared to Haplotypes B and C of LR.Notably,two natural variations,SNP-385(Thr-Hap.A vs Ala-Haps.B and C)and SNP-758(Ser-Hap.A vs Asn-Haps.B and C),in the coding region of LR might play critical roles in regulating AC and serve as potential targets for cultivating rice with diverse amylose contents.
基金financially supported by the Vice-Rector’s Office for Research and Transfer at the University of Granada(Grant Ref.PPJIB2023-084)Spanish Ministry of Universities(Grants Ref.FPU20/02739 and FPU20/01987)+1 种基金Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit Program funded by the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Ministry of Universities attached to the State Research Agency(Grant Ref.CEX2023-001312-M/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)the Excellence Unit funded by the University of Granada(Grant Ref.UCE-PP2023-11/UGR.).
文摘Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social physique anxiety,body image concerns,and self-objectification may act as barriers to PA engagement,influencing both mental and physical health.The present study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationship between body image-related psychological factors and resistance to PA in university students from southern Spain.Methods:A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 519 university students(74%females,26%males;Mean age=21.14±3.26 years)from universities in Granada and Malaga(Spain).Data were collected between May and October 2024 via online questionnaires that assessed PA engagement,Mediterranean diet adherence,eating disorder symptoms,body image-related psychological factors(social physique anxiety,appearance control beliefs,body surveillance,body shame,and self-esteem),and sociodemographic characteristics.SEM was performed to analyze relationships and sex-based differences.Results:Social physique anxietywas positively associated with body shame,body surveillance,and eating disorders,and negatively associated with self-esteem,PA engagement,and appearance control beliefs(all p<0.001).Appearance control beliefs were positively related to self-esteem,body surveillance,and PA(all p<0.05).Body surveillance was negatively linked to PA and positively linked to body shame.Mediterranean diet adherence and eating disorders were positively associated with PA(all p<0.001).Sex-based differences were observed in the model.Conclusion:Body image-related psychological factors may act as barriers to PA among university students.Interventions should integrate mental health promotion and consider sex differences.
文摘Metformin is generally safe but can cause lactic acidosis and rarely organ dysfunction during overdose.Misuse for weight loss,especially in undiagnosed eating disorder,is concerning.In stigmatized settings such conditions may go unrecognized This case illustrated severe complications from chronic metformin abuse in a young female with suspected anorexia nervosa,highlighting the need for integrated medical and psychiatric care.To the best of our knowledge,this is only the second case report of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)due to metformin toxicity.CASE SUMMARY Here,we reported a rare case of MODS involving four organs due to metformin abuse.A 22-year-old female located in Syria with a history suspicious of anorexia nervosa presented with dehydration,diarrhea,and altered consciousness.Labs revealed mixed high and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis from starvation ketosis and bicarbonate loss.She recovered with supportive care but returned 3 months later in shock with severe acidemia,kidney injury,pancreatitis,and liver dysfunction,consistent with MODS.Further history revealed chronic metformin abuse(up to 3000 mg/day)for weight loss.She recovered fully and began cognitive behavioral therapy.This case underscored the dangers of metformin misuse in eating disorders.CONCLUSION This case highlighted the potentially life-threatening consequences of surreptitious metformin abuse in the context of an underlying eating disorder.Early recognition,thorough history-taking,and multidisciplinary management,including psychiatric support,are essential for recovery and prevention of recurrence.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20241931 and BK20221371)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071943 and 32372214)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300304)。
文摘Alternate wetting and soil drying irrigation(AWD)technique is crucial in infuencing grain quality in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Lipids are the third most abundant constituents in rice grains,after starch and proteins,and are closely related to grain quality.However,it remains unclear about the changes in lipids profling under different AWD regimes.This study set up three irrigation regimes including conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation(AWSD).It explored lipidome changes in milled rice of Yangdao 6(YD6)using the untargeted lipidomics approach and analyzed rice cooking and eating quality.The results identifed seven lipid classes,55 lipid subclasses,and 1,086 lipid molecular species.Compared with the CI regime,the AWMD regime mainly altered lipid subclasses consisting of triglyceride(TG),ceramide(Cer),diglyceride(DG),bis-methyl lysophosphatidic acid(BisMePA),phosphocholine(PC),phosphoethanolamine(PE),monogalactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG),and digalactosyl diglyceride(DGDG)in milled rice and improved cooking and eating quality of rice;in contrast,the AWSD regime distinctly changed lipid subclasses like TG,Cer,DG,PC,PE,hexosylceramide(Hex1Cer),DGDG,and BisMePA and degraded cooking and eating quality of rice.Specifcally,AWMD most signifcantly altered the expressions of lipid molecules,including DGDG(18:0_18:2),DGDG(16:0_14:0),PC(33:1),Cer(t17:0_26:0),and Cer(t17:0_16:0);AWSD most obviously influenced the expressions of TG(6:0_14:0_18:3),PC(41:1),TG(19:1_18:4_18:4),Hex1Cer(d18:2_24:0+O),and Hex1Cer(d18:2_24:1).These 10 altered lipid molecules in milled rice can be preferentially used for investigating their relationships with grain quality in rice.
