Background: Birdsong is an important form of communication that plays an important role in territorial defense and mate attraction by conveying valuable information. While body-size and song frequency are often negati...Background: Birdsong is an important form of communication that plays an important role in territorial defense and mate attraction by conveying valuable information. While body-size and song frequency are often negatively correlated among species, this relationship is only found in a few songbirds. Previous studies on the Dusky Warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus) found that there was a positive correlation between tarsus length and peak frequency. And heavier male Dusky Warblers possess better territories and obtain more opportunities for mating;body condition may be related to reproduction of birds, so females may choose heavier mates or better body condition based on the singing characteristics of males. Methods: We recorded spontaneous song and measured morphology of 33 male Dusky Warblers in Saihanba Forest Farm area between July 5 and August 10, 2015. We chose body weight as an indicator of body size and defined body condition as residuals from a linear regression between body weight and tarsus length. Frist, we used Pearson correlation to analyze whether date and time of day were correlated with weight, and then we used linear regression to analyze whether sound features could indicate the body weight and body condition. We call body weight and body condition the male condition. Results: We found no effect of date and time of day on weight, and we showed a correlation between the male condition and song features in the small songbird, Dusky Warbler. Maximum trill quality and maximum peak frequency of songs were negatively related to male condition;the mean number of syllables of songs and maximum high frequency of songs were positively correlated with body weight and body condition. Conclusions: In the small songbird, Dusky Warbler, four song parameters, including maximum trill quality, mean number of syllables of songs, maximum peak frequency of songs, maximum high frequency of songs, significantly predicted male condition change of which the most important song characteristic for male condition was maximum trill quality. This study suggested that the extreme song features were more constrained by male condition than mean sound characteristics.展开更多
The zona pellucida domain protein Dusky(Dy)plays a vital role in wing morphogenesis in insects,but little information on its function has been reported.In this study,we found that dy regulated wing cell size,larval an...The zona pellucida domain protein Dusky(Dy)plays a vital role in wing morphogenesis in insects,but little information on its function has been reported.In this study,we found that dy regulated wing cell size,larval and pupal duration,and the metabolism of amino acid and 20-hydroxyecdysone in Tribolium castaneum.Using RNA-seq,413 differentially expressed genes were identified between physiological buffer-injected and dy-double-stranded RNA-treated larvae,including 88 downregulated genes and 325 upregulated genes.Among these genes,dy knockdown increased CYP18A1 expression to elevate the 26-hydroxylation of 20-hydroxyecdysone,which ultimately led to growth defects in wing cells.Silencing of dy upregulated the transcription of genes encoding tyrosine aminotransferase,4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase,homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase,and Pale to promote the catabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine,which eventually reduced amino acid content.Furthermore,dy knockdown upregulated 4E-BP expression,and 4E-BP silencing partially phenocopied dy RNA interference-mediated wing morphogenesis.These results suggest that Dy controls 20-hydroxyecdysone and amino acid metabolism to regulate wing morphogenesis in the insect.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2012204087)the Natural Science Research Plan Project of Hebei University(No.2014-299)
文摘Background: Birdsong is an important form of communication that plays an important role in territorial defense and mate attraction by conveying valuable information. While body-size and song frequency are often negatively correlated among species, this relationship is only found in a few songbirds. Previous studies on the Dusky Warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus) found that there was a positive correlation between tarsus length and peak frequency. And heavier male Dusky Warblers possess better territories and obtain more opportunities for mating;body condition may be related to reproduction of birds, so females may choose heavier mates or better body condition based on the singing characteristics of males. Methods: We recorded spontaneous song and measured morphology of 33 male Dusky Warblers in Saihanba Forest Farm area between July 5 and August 10, 2015. We chose body weight as an indicator of body size and defined body condition as residuals from a linear regression between body weight and tarsus length. Frist, we used Pearson correlation to analyze whether date and time of day were correlated with weight, and then we used linear regression to analyze whether sound features could indicate the body weight and body condition. We call body weight and body condition the male condition. Results: We found no effect of date and time of day on weight, and we showed a correlation between the male condition and song features in the small songbird, Dusky Warbler. Maximum trill quality and maximum peak frequency of songs were negatively related to male condition;the mean number of syllables of songs and maximum high frequency of songs were positively correlated with body weight and body condition. Conclusions: In the small songbird, Dusky Warbler, four song parameters, including maximum trill quality, mean number of syllables of songs, maximum peak frequency of songs, maximum high frequency of songs, significantly predicted male condition change of which the most important song characteristic for male condition was maximum trill quality. This study suggested that the extreme song features were more constrained by male condition than mean sound characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32070501 and 31601893)General Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institu・tions(No.16KJB180004)Young Talents Training Pto・gram of Jiangsu University,and Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_1576).
文摘The zona pellucida domain protein Dusky(Dy)plays a vital role in wing morphogenesis in insects,but little information on its function has been reported.In this study,we found that dy regulated wing cell size,larval and pupal duration,and the metabolism of amino acid and 20-hydroxyecdysone in Tribolium castaneum.Using RNA-seq,413 differentially expressed genes were identified between physiological buffer-injected and dy-double-stranded RNA-treated larvae,including 88 downregulated genes and 325 upregulated genes.Among these genes,dy knockdown increased CYP18A1 expression to elevate the 26-hydroxylation of 20-hydroxyecdysone,which ultimately led to growth defects in wing cells.Silencing of dy upregulated the transcription of genes encoding tyrosine aminotransferase,4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase,homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase,and Pale to promote the catabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine,which eventually reduced amino acid content.Furthermore,dy knockdown upregulated 4E-BP expression,and 4E-BP silencing partially phenocopied dy RNA interference-mediated wing morphogenesis.These results suggest that Dy controls 20-hydroxyecdysone and amino acid metabolism to regulate wing morphogenesis in the insect.
