High-overload shocks are very likely to cause damage to the microstructure of MEMS devices, especially the continuous multiple high-overload shocks generated by the penetration of the multilayer target environment pos...High-overload shocks are very likely to cause damage to the microstructure of MEMS devices, especially the continuous multiple high-overload shocks generated by the penetration of the multilayer target environment pose more stringent challenges to its protective structure. In this study, the kinetic response model of the protective structure under single-pulse and continuous double-pulse impact is established,and a continuous double-pulse high overload impact test impact platform based on the sleeve-type bullet is constructed, and the protective performance of the multi-layer structure under multi-pulse is analyzed based on the acceleration decay ratio, and the results show that the protective performance of the structure has a positive correlation with its thickness, and it is not sensitive to the change of the load of the first impact;the first impact under double-pulse impact will cause damage to the microstructure through the superposition of the second impact. The first impact under double-pulse impact will cause an increase in the overload amplitude of the second impact through superposition;compared with the single-layer structure, the acceleration attenuation ratio of the double-layer structure can be increased by up to 26.13%, among which the epoxy-polyurethane combination has the best protection performance, with an acceleration attenuation ratio of up to 44.68%. This work provides a robust theoretical foundation and experimental basis for the reliable operation of MEMS devices, as well as for the design of protective structures in extreme environments.展开更多
The phenomenon of shock/shock interaction(SSI)is widely observed in high-speed flow,and the double wedge SSI represents one of the typical problems encountered.The control effect of single-pulse plasma synthetic jet(P...The phenomenon of shock/shock interaction(SSI)is widely observed in high-speed flow,and the double wedge SSI represents one of the typical problems encountered.The control effect of single-pulse plasma synthetic jet(PSJ)on double wedge type-Ⅵand type-ⅤSSI was investigated experimentally and numerically,and the influence of discharge energy was also explored.The findings indicate that the interaction between PSJ and the high-speed freestream results in the formation of a plasma layer and a jet shock,which collectively governs the control of SSI.The control mechanism of single-pulse PSJ on SSI lies in its capacity to attenuate both shock and SSI.For type-ⅥSSI,the original second-wedge oblique shock is eliminated under the control of PSJ,resulting in a new type-ⅥSSI formed by the jet shock and the first-wedge oblique shock.For type-ⅤSSI,the presence of PSJ effectively mitigates the intensity of Mach stem,supersonic jet,and reflected shocks,thereby facilitating its transition into type-ⅥSSI.The numerical results indicate that the peak pressure can be reduced by approximately 32.26%at maximum.Furthermore,the development of PSJ also extends in the Z direction.The pressure decreases in the area affected by both PSJ and jet shock due to the attenuation of the SSI zone.With increasing discharge energy,the control effect of PSJ on SSI is gradually enhanced.展开更多
In order to investigate the springback rules, the variation characteristics of physical property and microstructure in bending creep age forming process, a series of creep forming tests of 2124 aluminum alloy were con...In order to investigate the springback rules, the variation characteristics of physical property and microstructure in bending creep age forming process, a series of creep forming tests of 2124 aluminum alloy were conducted based on three kinds of single and double curvature forming tools. The results show that the spingback rate would be the minimum under the optimal coupling conditions among the temperature, aging time and internal stress state of material. Difference exists in the two directions of the formed sample with double curvature, but the curvature variation keeps the same. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and fracture toughness of the double curvature formed sample appear to be higher than those of the single curvature formed sample under the same aging condition, but the elongation and the anisotropy are opposite.展开更多
Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection ...Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.展开更多
Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types ...Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types involved in this process,the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile distinct cell populations at different stages of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.Our analysis revealed that multiple subpopulations of neurons showed persistent activation of genes associated with axonal regeneration post injury,while molecular signals promoting growth cone collapse were inhibited.Radial glial cells exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation potential post injury,indicating their intrinsic roles in promoting neurogenesis and axonal regeneration,respectively.Additionally,we found that inflammatory factors rapidly decreased in the early stages following spinal cord injury,creating a microenvironment permissive for tissue repair and regeneration.Furthermore,oligodendrocytes lost maturity markers while exhibiting increased proliferation following injury.These findings demonstrated that the rapid and orderly regulation of inflammation,as well as the efficient proliferation and redifferentiation of new neurons and glial cells,enabled zebrafish to reconstruct the spinal cord.This research provides new insights into the cellular transitions and molecular programs that drive spinal cord regeneration,offering promising avenues for future research and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen ba...Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen batteries(LOBs)due to their poor OER performance,resulting from poor electrical conductivity and overly strong intermediate adsorption.In this work,fancy double heterojunctions on 1T/2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)(1T/2H-MCS)were constructed derived from the charge donation from Co to Mo ions,thus inducing the phase transformation of Mo S_(2)from 2H to 1T.The unique features of these double heterojunctions endow the1T/2H-MCS with complementary catalysis during charging and discharging processes.It is worth noting that 1T-Mo S2@Co3S4could provide fast Co-S-Mo electron transport channels to promote ORR/OER kinetics,and 2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)contributed to enabling moderate egorbital occupancy when adsorbed with oxygen-containing intermediates.On the basis,the Li_(2)O_(2)nucleation route was changed to solution and surface dual pathways,improving reversible deposition and decomposition kinetics.As a result,1T/2H-MCS cathodes exhibit an improved electrocatalytic performance compared with those of Co_(3)S_(4)and Mo S2cathodes.This innovative heterostructure design provides a reliable strategy to construct efficient transition metal sulfide catalysts by improving electrical conductivity and modulating adsorption toward oxygenated intermediates for LOBs.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more important.Large datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of AD.However,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable knowledge.Importantly,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.展开更多
The uniaxial compression experiments on the sandstone samples containing double fissures and a single circular hole were carried out by using electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine to investigate the effect...The uniaxial compression experiments on the sandstone samples containing double fissures and a single circular hole were carried out by using electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine to investigate the effect of rock bridge angle β and fissure angle α on mechanical properties and evolution characteristics of cracks.The results show that the peak strength,peak strain and elastic modulus of defected specimens decrease comparing with those for intact sample,and show a decreased trend firstly and then increase with β changing from 0° to 90°.The peak strength and elastic modulus achieve the minimum value as the rock bridge angle is 60°,while the peak strain reaches the minimum value with the rock bridge angle of 45°.The crack initiation of tested rock samples occurs firstly in stress concentration areas at tips of prefabricated fissures under uniaxial compression,and then propagates constantly and coalescences with the prefabricated hole.Some secondary cracks initiate and propagate as well until buckling failure happens.The rock bridge angle has a great influence on crack initiation,coalescence,final failure mode,crack initiation stress and transfixion stress.The peak strength varies significantly,while the elastic modulus and peak strain change slightly,and the failure modes are also different due to the influence of fissure angle.展开更多
Adsorption and desorption of hydrogen on/from single-vacancy and double-vacancy graphenes were studied by means of first-principles calculations. The structure and stability of continuous hydrogenation in single vacan...Adsorption and desorption of hydrogen on/from single-vacancy and double-vacancy graphenes were studied by means of first-principles calculations. The structure and stability of continuous hydrogenation in single vacancy were investigated. Several new stable structures were found, along with their corresponding energy barriers. In double-vacancy graphene, the preferred sites of H atoms were identified, and H2 molecule desorption and adsorption of from/on were calculated from the energy barriers. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive understanding of hydrogen behavior on defected graphene.展开更多
Methods for the characterization of mould slag crystallization with special emphasis on the single/double hot thermocouple technique(SHTT/DHTT)are reviewed.In the continuous casting process of steels,horizontal heat t...Methods for the characterization of mould slag crystallization with special emphasis on the single/double hot thermocouple technique(SHTT/DHTT)are reviewed.In the continuous casting process of steels,horizontal heat transfer is mainly influenced by the crystallization behaviour of the mould flux film.Here,both precipitation of crystals out of a liquid phase and devitrification of the glassy film in contact with the mould are of main interest.Therefore,various investigation methods are implemented to characterize different slag properties related to crystallization:a viscometer for determining the break temperature,differential thermal analysis(DTA),confocal scanning laser microscopy,and the water-cooled copper finger test.For near-service conditions,DHTT reveals the most detailed information,including not only the crystallization or devitrification temperature but also the morphology as well as the crystallization velocity.Due to improvements in the device and the representation of the results,a comparison of different samples is possible.Nevertheless,the application field of SHTT/DHTT is restricted to slag systems with low contents of evaporating components.Furthermore,the time required for data analysis is significantly longer than that required for other methods,e.g.DTA.Therefore,the application of DHTT is mainly advisable for mould slag research and development,whereas DTA can also be used for incoming inspections.展开更多
Background: complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V & VI of Schautzker classification) are the major problems in orthopedic surgery and associated with high complication rates. There are many alternatives in tr...Background: complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V & VI of Schautzker classification) are the major problems in orthopedic surgery and associated with high complication rates. There are many alternatives in treatment of these fractures. Aim: to evaluate the results of double plating with single anterior incision in complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V& VI of Schautzker classification).Methods and Materials: 22 patients (16 males and 6 females) with Types V and VI of Schautzker classification of proximal tibial fractures (14 cases were Type V and 8 cases were Type VI) were treated by double plating with single anterior incision method between May 2006 and May 2011. The bony and functional outcome was evaluated according to Knee Society Score. Results: According to Knee Society Score, the results were as follows: excellent in 19 patients (86.4%), good in 2 patients (9.1%), fair in 1 patient (4/5%), and poor in no patient (0%).Conclusion: the double plate fixation with single anterior incision is the best, effective and simple procedure in treatment of complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V and VI of Schautzker classification).展开更多
On the basis of practical projects in Chongqing,the thermal performance of heat exchangers (single U-tube type and double U-tube type) of the ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system in the hot summer was obtained and an...On the basis of practical projects in Chongqing,the thermal performance of heat exchangers (single U-tube type and double U-tube type) of the ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system in the hot summer was obtained and analyzed. The data obtained from test could match with the result deduced from theoretical calculation. From the test results,the cooling capacity of double U-tube is 1.6 times that of single U-tube. Taking cost per depth per watt Clq as the evaluation standard,Clq of single U-tube is 4.69 RMB$/W,and Clq of double U-tube is 3.14 RMB$/W. The double U-tube heat exchangers usage should be prioritized.展开更多
In a recent study aimed at validating the Park sham needle for use as a double-blind control intervention,To and Alexander concluded that the practitioner who was performing acupuncture recognized the type of needle[1...In a recent study aimed at validating the Park sham needle for use as a double-blind control intervention,To and Alexander concluded that the practitioner who was performing acupuncture recognized the type of needle[1].This paper may lead the reader to misunderstand the design and purpose of placebo/sham acupuncture[2–6]which have been developed in recent decades for the purpose of acupuncture research.展开更多
This research appraises comparative analysis between single diode and double diode model of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency of power engendering PV solar systems. Single diode model ...This research appraises comparative analysis between single diode and double diode model of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency of power engendering PV solar systems. Single diode model is simple and easy to implement, whereas double diode model has better accuracy which acquiesces for more precise forecast of PV systems performance. Exploration is done on the basis of simulation results and MATLAB tool is used to serve this purpose. Simulations are performed by varying distinct model parameters such as solar irradiance, temperature, value of parasitic resistances, ideality factor of diode and number of series and parallel connected solar cells used to assemble PV array. Conspicuous demonstration is executed to analyze effects of these specifications on the efficiency curve and power vs. voltage output characteristics of PV cell for specified models.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites exhibit promising prospect in light-emitting diodes,solar cells,photodetectors and bioimaging.However,the workhorse of metal halide perovskites relies on toxicity lead element,which severely d...Metal halide perovskites exhibit promising prospect in light-emitting diodes,solar cells,photodetectors and bioimaging.However,the workhorse of metal halide perovskites relies on toxicity lead element,which severely damages human body and environment.Among lead-free perovskites,Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)double perovskite is one of the most promising candidates because of its great stability and easy synthesis,but suffers inadequate optical performance.Here,we doped Sb^(3+)and Sm^(3+)into Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)nanocrystals by a hot injection method.Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sb^(3+)exhibits blue emission at 447 nm.Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals simultaneously generate the blue emission of Sb^(3+)and the multiple emissions of Sm^(3+)at 565,602,650 and 710 nm.With the increase of Sm^(3+)feed ratio,the emission color of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)gradually moves to cold white region at(0.27,0.28)in CIE chromaticity diagram and correlated color temperature of 11840 K.This work shows the potential application of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals as a single-component cold white emitter.展开更多
In the present research,enzyme encapsulated hydrogels（single gels and double network gels）and enzyme immobilized magnetic beads,which allow high-throughput screening,were fabricated and evaluated in terms of the pre...In the present research,enzyme encapsulated hydrogels（single gels and double network gels）and enzyme immobilized magnetic beads,which allow high-throughput screening,were fabricated and evaluated in terms of the preservation,precision, and repeatability of enzyme activity.The fabricated gels and magnetic beads were analyzed in a 96-well microassay plate.Trypsin was successfully encapsulated in both types of gels and immobilized to the magnetic beads.However,pepsin,either encapsulated in the gels or immobilized to the magnetic beads,could not react with its substrates.The adaptability to various enzymes （e.g.,trypsin,β-glucuronidase,and CYP1A1）in the single gels and magnetic beads was superior to that in double network gels.However,the soak out of the enzymes was observed in the single gels.The double network gels could encapsulate trypsin,whereas the fabrication of the other enzymes（e.g.β-glucuronidase,CYP1A1,and pepsin）failed because of the inactivation of the enzymes by acryl amide and ammonium peroxodisulfate,which are the components of the gel formulation. The enzyme reaction in the magnetic beads exhibited the highest efficiency among the three fabrication methods.Furthermore, the stability of the enzymes immobilized to the magnetic beads was better than that fabricated by the other methods,and the activities of trypsin andβ-glucuronidase did not decline for up to one week.In addition,in the magnetic beads,the activities of trypsin andβ-glucuronidase can be well repeated.Hence,although the adaptability of the double network gels to various enzymes is currently limited,the efficiency of the enzyme encapsulation can be improved by optimizing the formulation of acryl amide gels.展开更多
BACKGROUND Even in the immuno-oncology era,transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation(TACE)is the most effective way to treat intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Postembolisation syndrome(PES)is the most co...BACKGROUND Even in the immuno-oncology era,transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation(TACE)is the most effective way to treat intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Postembolisation syndrome(PES)is the most common side effect from TACE and there is still no standard prevention guideline.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of single dose intravenous dexamethasone regimen to prevent PES after TACE among patients with HCC.METHODS This study enrolled patients with HCC who had eligible indication for TACE without macrovascular invasion/extrahepatic metastasis.Patients were randomly assigned to either an intravenous single dose of dexamethasone 8 mg or placebo one hour before TACE.The primary outcome was a negative result of PES at 48 h after TACE,which was defined as score<2 of Southwest Oncology Group toxicity coding criteria using fever,nausea,vomiting and pain to calculated.And the secondary end point was duration of admission between two groups.RESULTS One hundred patients were randomly assigned 1:1.Under intention-to-treat analysis,49 patients were randomly assigned to the dexamethasone and 51 to the placebo groups.Both groups were similar for baseline characteristics.The negative PES rate was significantly higher in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group(63.3%vs 29.4%;P=0.005).Mean Southwest Oncology Group toxicity coding PES was 2.14(95%CI:1.41-2.8)vs 3.71(95%CI:2.97-4.45)between the dexamethasone and placebo groups,respectively.Cumulative incidence of fever was significantly lower in dexamethasone group with P<0.001,pain,nausea and vomiting were also lower in the dexamethasone group compared with the placebo group(P=0.16,P=0.11,and P=0.49).The dexamethasone regimen was generally well tolerated by patients with HCC patients including those with hepatitis B virus infection and well-controlled diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION Single dose dexamethasone was effective at preventing PES among patients with HCC treated with TACE.The study showed no adverse events of special interest related to dexamethasone.展开更多
AIM: To compare the utility of single-balloon colonoscopy (SBC) or double-balloon colonoscopy (DBC) for difficult colonoscopies. METHODS: Between August 2008 and June 2010, patients in whom total colonoscopy failed wi...AIM: To compare the utility of single-balloon colonoscopy (SBC) or double-balloon colonoscopy (DBC) for difficult colonoscopies. METHODS: Between August 2008 and June 2010, patients in whom total colonoscopy failed within 30 min of insertion were assigned randomly to undergo either SBC or DBC. No sedatives were used. After the endoscopy, all patients were asked to evaluate pain during the procedure on a 10-point analog scale (1 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain) with a questionnaire. The study outcomes were the cecal intubation rate and time, endoscopic findings, complications, and pain score. RESULTS: The SBC and DBC groups included 11 and 10 patients, respectively. All but one SBC patient achieved total colonoscopy successfully. The cecal intubation times were 18 min (range: 10-85 min) and 12.8 min (range: 9.5-42 min) in the SBC and DBC groups, respectively (P= 0.17). No difference was observed in the prevalence of colon polyps between the SBC and DBC groups (45% vs 30%, P = 0.66). SBC showed advanced colon cancer in the ascending colon, which was inaccessible using conventional colonoscopy. The respective pain scores were 5 (1-10) [median (range)] and 5 (1-6) in the SBC and DBC groups (P = 0.64). No complications were noted in any patient. CONCLUSION: The utility of singleand double-balloon endoscopy for colonoscopy seems comparable in patients with incomplete colonoscopy using a conventional colonoscope.展开更多
AIM:To compare the efficacy of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in patients with Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis.MET...AIM:To compare the efficacy of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in patients with Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of our patient cohort revealed 4 patients with enterobiliary anastomosis and Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis who underwent repeated ERC with DBE and SBE because of recurrent cholangitis.RESULTS:A total of 38 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures were performed in 25 patients with Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis.DBE was used in 29 procedures and SBE in 9.The 4 patients who underwent repeated ERC with DBE and SBE suffered from recurrent cholangitis due to stenosis of the enterobiliary anastomosis.ERC was performed repeatedly to achieve balloon dilation with/without biliary stone extraction and multiple stent placement at the level of the enterobiliary anastomosis.In all 4 patients DBE and SBE were equally successful.Compared to DBE,SBE was equally effective in passing the Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis,reaching the enterobiliary anastomosis and performing therapeutic ERC.CONCLUSION:This retrospective comparison shows that DBE and SBE are equally successful in the performance of therapeutic ERC at the level of the enterobiliary anastomosis after Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis.展开更多
In order to improve the quality of laneways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting and by making effective use of explosive energy, a model experiment of rock blasting with a single borehole and a double free-...In order to improve the quality of laneways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting and by making effective use of explosive energy, a model experiment of rock blasting with a single borehole and a double free-surface was performed with the objective of studying the effect of parameters such as charge structure, free-surface and rock compressive strength on rock blasting.The model experiments indicate that:1) the smaller the rock compressive strength and density, the more distinctive the cavity expanding action by blasting;2) the powder factor in an air-decoupling charge structure is larger than that in a coupling charge structure, i.e., the explosive energy in an air-decoupling charge structure transferred to the rocks is less than that in a coupling charge structure;3) a free-surface improves the utilizations of explosive energy;4) an air-decoupling charge structure helps to maintain the integrity and stability of wall rock in controlled perimeter blasting, such as in roadways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting.展开更多
基金supported by Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52375553)。
文摘High-overload shocks are very likely to cause damage to the microstructure of MEMS devices, especially the continuous multiple high-overload shocks generated by the penetration of the multilayer target environment pose more stringent challenges to its protective structure. In this study, the kinetic response model of the protective structure under single-pulse and continuous double-pulse impact is established,and a continuous double-pulse high overload impact test impact platform based on the sleeve-type bullet is constructed, and the protective performance of the multi-layer structure under multi-pulse is analyzed based on the acceleration decay ratio, and the results show that the protective performance of the structure has a positive correlation with its thickness, and it is not sensitive to the change of the load of the first impact;the first impact under double-pulse impact will cause damage to the microstructure through the superposition of the second impact. The first impact under double-pulse impact will cause an increase in the overload amplitude of the second impact through superposition;compared with the single-layer structure, the acceleration attenuation ratio of the double-layer structure can be increased by up to 26.13%, among which the epoxy-polyurethane combination has the best protection performance, with an acceleration attenuation ratio of up to 44.68%. This work provides a robust theoretical foundation and experimental basis for the reliable operation of MEMS devices, as well as for the design of protective structures in extreme environments.
基金supported by the Independent Innovation Science Fund of National University of Defense Technology(No.24-ZZCX-BC-05)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92271110 and 12202488)+2 种基金the Major National Science and Technology Project(No.J2019-Ⅲ0010-0054)the National Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(No.GZB20230985)the Natural Science Program of National University of Defense Technology(No.ZK22-30)。
文摘The phenomenon of shock/shock interaction(SSI)is widely observed in high-speed flow,and the double wedge SSI represents one of the typical problems encountered.The control effect of single-pulse plasma synthetic jet(PSJ)on double wedge type-Ⅵand type-ⅤSSI was investigated experimentally and numerically,and the influence of discharge energy was also explored.The findings indicate that the interaction between PSJ and the high-speed freestream results in the formation of a plasma layer and a jet shock,which collectively governs the control of SSI.The control mechanism of single-pulse PSJ on SSI lies in its capacity to attenuate both shock and SSI.For type-ⅥSSI,the original second-wedge oblique shock is eliminated under the control of PSJ,resulting in a new type-ⅥSSI formed by the jet shock and the first-wedge oblique shock.For type-ⅤSSI,the presence of PSJ effectively mitigates the intensity of Mach stem,supersonic jet,and reflected shocks,thereby facilitating its transition into type-ⅥSSI.The numerical results indicate that the peak pressure can be reduced by approximately 32.26%at maximum.Furthermore,the development of PSJ also extends in the Z direction.The pressure decreases in the area affected by both PSJ and jet shock due to the attenuation of the SSI zone.With increasing discharge energy,the control effect of PSJ on SSI is gradually enhanced.
基金Project(2010CB731700)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘In order to investigate the springback rules, the variation characteristics of physical property and microstructure in bending creep age forming process, a series of creep forming tests of 2124 aluminum alloy were conducted based on three kinds of single and double curvature forming tools. The results show that the spingback rate would be the minimum under the optimal coupling conditions among the temperature, aging time and internal stress state of material. Difference exists in the two directions of the formed sample with double curvature, but the curvature variation keeps the same. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and fracture toughness of the double curvature formed sample appear to be higher than those of the single curvature formed sample under the same aging condition, but the elongation and the anisotropy are opposite.
文摘Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Development Plan Project,Nos.MS2023113(to JC),MS2022090Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders of Jiangsu Qing-Lan Project(to GL).
文摘Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types involved in this process,the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile distinct cell populations at different stages of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.Our analysis revealed that multiple subpopulations of neurons showed persistent activation of genes associated with axonal regeneration post injury,while molecular signals promoting growth cone collapse were inhibited.Radial glial cells exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation potential post injury,indicating their intrinsic roles in promoting neurogenesis and axonal regeneration,respectively.Additionally,we found that inflammatory factors rapidly decreased in the early stages following spinal cord injury,creating a microenvironment permissive for tissue repair and regeneration.Furthermore,oligodendrocytes lost maturity markers while exhibiting increased proliferation following injury.These findings demonstrated that the rapid and orderly regulation of inflammation,as well as the efficient proliferation and redifferentiation of new neurons and glial cells,enabled zebrafish to reconstruct the spinal cord.This research provides new insights into the cellular transitions and molecular programs that drive spinal cord regeneration,offering promising avenues for future research and therapeutic strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20311,U24A2040,52171141,52272117)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022JQ19)+3 种基金the Key Technology Research Project of Shandong Province(2023CXGC010202)the Taishan Industrial Experts Program(TSCX202306142)the Core Facility Sharing Platform of Shandong Universitythe Foundation of Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education),Nankai University。
文摘Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen batteries(LOBs)due to their poor OER performance,resulting from poor electrical conductivity and overly strong intermediate adsorption.In this work,fancy double heterojunctions on 1T/2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)(1T/2H-MCS)were constructed derived from the charge donation from Co to Mo ions,thus inducing the phase transformation of Mo S_(2)from 2H to 1T.The unique features of these double heterojunctions endow the1T/2H-MCS with complementary catalysis during charging and discharging processes.It is worth noting that 1T-Mo S2@Co3S4could provide fast Co-S-Mo electron transport channels to promote ORR/OER kinetics,and 2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)contributed to enabling moderate egorbital occupancy when adsorbed with oxygen-containing intermediates.On the basis,the Li_(2)O_(2)nucleation route was changed to solution and surface dual pathways,improving reversible deposition and decomposition kinetics.As a result,1T/2H-MCS cathodes exhibit an improved electrocatalytic performance compared with those of Co_(3)S_(4)and Mo S2cathodes.This innovative heterostructure design provides a reliable strategy to construct efficient transition metal sulfide catalysts by improving electrical conductivity and modulating adsorption toward oxygenated intermediates for LOBs.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more important.Large datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of AD.However,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable knowledge.Importantly,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.
基金Financial support for this work, provided by the National Key Basic Research Development Plan Project of China (No.2013CB036003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51134001,51374198)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Science Foundation of China (No.51504247)
文摘The uniaxial compression experiments on the sandstone samples containing double fissures and a single circular hole were carried out by using electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine to investigate the effect of rock bridge angle β and fissure angle α on mechanical properties and evolution characteristics of cracks.The results show that the peak strength,peak strain and elastic modulus of defected specimens decrease comparing with those for intact sample,and show a decreased trend firstly and then increase with β changing from 0° to 90°.The peak strength and elastic modulus achieve the minimum value as the rock bridge angle is 60°,while the peak strain reaches the minimum value with the rock bridge angle of 45°.The crack initiation of tested rock samples occurs firstly in stress concentration areas at tips of prefabricated fissures under uniaxial compression,and then propagates constantly and coalescences with the prefabricated hole.Some secondary cracks initiate and propagate as well until buckling failure happens.The rock bridge angle has a great influence on crack initiation,coalescence,final failure mode,crack initiation stress and transfixion stress.The peak strength varies significantly,while the elastic modulus and peak strain change slightly,and the failure modes are also different due to the influence of fissure angle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.5160121211475082)‘‘Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences’’ Thorium Molten Salts Reactor Fund
文摘Adsorption and desorption of hydrogen on/from single-vacancy and double-vacancy graphenes were studied by means of first-principles calculations. The structure and stability of continuous hydrogenation in single vacancy were investigated. Several new stable structures were found, along with their corresponding energy barriers. In double-vacancy graphene, the preferred sites of H atoms were identified, and H2 molecule desorption and adsorption of from/on were calculated from the energy barriers. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive understanding of hydrogen behavior on defected graphene.
文摘Methods for the characterization of mould slag crystallization with special emphasis on the single/double hot thermocouple technique(SHTT/DHTT)are reviewed.In the continuous casting process of steels,horizontal heat transfer is mainly influenced by the crystallization behaviour of the mould flux film.Here,both precipitation of crystals out of a liquid phase and devitrification of the glassy film in contact with the mould are of main interest.Therefore,various investigation methods are implemented to characterize different slag properties related to crystallization:a viscometer for determining the break temperature,differential thermal analysis(DTA),confocal scanning laser microscopy,and the water-cooled copper finger test.For near-service conditions,DHTT reveals the most detailed information,including not only the crystallization or devitrification temperature but also the morphology as well as the crystallization velocity.Due to improvements in the device and the representation of the results,a comparison of different samples is possible.Nevertheless,the application field of SHTT/DHTT is restricted to slag systems with low contents of evaporating components.Furthermore,the time required for data analysis is significantly longer than that required for other methods,e.g.DTA.Therefore,the application of DHTT is mainly advisable for mould slag research and development,whereas DTA can also be used for incoming inspections.
文摘Background: complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V & VI of Schautzker classification) are the major problems in orthopedic surgery and associated with high complication rates. There are many alternatives in treatment of these fractures. Aim: to evaluate the results of double plating with single anterior incision in complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V& VI of Schautzker classification).Methods and Materials: 22 patients (16 males and 6 females) with Types V and VI of Schautzker classification of proximal tibial fractures (14 cases were Type V and 8 cases were Type VI) were treated by double plating with single anterior incision method between May 2006 and May 2011. The bony and functional outcome was evaluated according to Knee Society Score. Results: According to Knee Society Score, the results were as follows: excellent in 19 patients (86.4%), good in 2 patients (9.1%), fair in 1 patient (4/5%), and poor in no patient (0%).Conclusion: the double plate fixation with single anterior incision is the best, effective and simple procedure in treatment of complex proximal tibial fractures (Types V and VI of Schautzker classification).
文摘On the basis of practical projects in Chongqing,the thermal performance of heat exchangers (single U-tube type and double U-tube type) of the ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system in the hot summer was obtained and analyzed. The data obtained from test could match with the result deduced from theoretical calculation. From the test results,the cooling capacity of double U-tube is 1.6 times that of single U-tube. Taking cost per depth per watt Clq as the evaluation standard,Clq of single U-tube is 4.69 RMB$/W,and Clq of double U-tube is 3.14 RMB$/W. The double U-tube heat exchangers usage should be prioritized.
文摘In a recent study aimed at validating the Park sham needle for use as a double-blind control intervention,To and Alexander concluded that the practitioner who was performing acupuncture recognized the type of needle[1].This paper may lead the reader to misunderstand the design and purpose of placebo/sham acupuncture[2–6]which have been developed in recent decades for the purpose of acupuncture research.
文摘This research appraises comparative analysis between single diode and double diode model of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency of power engendering PV solar systems. Single diode model is simple and easy to implement, whereas double diode model has better accuracy which acquiesces for more precise forecast of PV systems performance. Exploration is done on the basis of simulation results and MATLAB tool is used to serve this purpose. Simulations are performed by varying distinct model parameters such as solar irradiance, temperature, value of parasitic resistances, ideality factor of diode and number of series and parallel connected solar cells used to assemble PV array. Conspicuous demonstration is executed to analyze effects of these specifications on the efficiency curve and power vs. voltage output characteristics of PV cell for specified models.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62104062)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701056)。
文摘Metal halide perovskites exhibit promising prospect in light-emitting diodes,solar cells,photodetectors and bioimaging.However,the workhorse of metal halide perovskites relies on toxicity lead element,which severely damages human body and environment.Among lead-free perovskites,Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)double perovskite is one of the most promising candidates because of its great stability and easy synthesis,but suffers inadequate optical performance.Here,we doped Sb^(3+)and Sm^(3+)into Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)nanocrystals by a hot injection method.Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sb^(3+)exhibits blue emission at 447 nm.Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals simultaneously generate the blue emission of Sb^(3+)and the multiple emissions of Sm^(3+)at 565,602,650 and 710 nm.With the increase of Sm^(3+)feed ratio,the emission color of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)gradually moves to cold white region at(0.27,0.28)in CIE chromaticity diagram and correlated color temperature of 11840 K.This work shows the potential application of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals as a single-component cold white emitter.
基金The Global COE Program from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture of Japan.
文摘In the present research,enzyme encapsulated hydrogels（single gels and double network gels）and enzyme immobilized magnetic beads,which allow high-throughput screening,were fabricated and evaluated in terms of the preservation,precision, and repeatability of enzyme activity.The fabricated gels and magnetic beads were analyzed in a 96-well microassay plate.Trypsin was successfully encapsulated in both types of gels and immobilized to the magnetic beads.However,pepsin,either encapsulated in the gels or immobilized to the magnetic beads,could not react with its substrates.The adaptability to various enzymes （e.g.,trypsin,β-glucuronidase,and CYP1A1）in the single gels and magnetic beads was superior to that in double network gels.However,the soak out of the enzymes was observed in the single gels.The double network gels could encapsulate trypsin,whereas the fabrication of the other enzymes（e.g.β-glucuronidase,CYP1A1,and pepsin）failed because of the inactivation of the enzymes by acryl amide and ammonium peroxodisulfate,which are the components of the gel formulation. The enzyme reaction in the magnetic beads exhibited the highest efficiency among the three fabrication methods.Furthermore, the stability of the enzymes immobilized to the magnetic beads was better than that fabricated by the other methods,and the activities of trypsin andβ-glucuronidase did not decline for up to one week.In addition,in the magnetic beads,the activities of trypsin andβ-glucuronidase can be well repeated.Hence,although the adaptability of the double network gels to various enzymes is currently limited,the efficiency of the enzyme encapsulation can be improved by optimizing the formulation of acryl amide gels.
文摘BACKGROUND Even in the immuno-oncology era,transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation(TACE)is the most effective way to treat intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Postembolisation syndrome(PES)is the most common side effect from TACE and there is still no standard prevention guideline.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of single dose intravenous dexamethasone regimen to prevent PES after TACE among patients with HCC.METHODS This study enrolled patients with HCC who had eligible indication for TACE without macrovascular invasion/extrahepatic metastasis.Patients were randomly assigned to either an intravenous single dose of dexamethasone 8 mg or placebo one hour before TACE.The primary outcome was a negative result of PES at 48 h after TACE,which was defined as score<2 of Southwest Oncology Group toxicity coding criteria using fever,nausea,vomiting and pain to calculated.And the secondary end point was duration of admission between two groups.RESULTS One hundred patients were randomly assigned 1:1.Under intention-to-treat analysis,49 patients were randomly assigned to the dexamethasone and 51 to the placebo groups.Both groups were similar for baseline characteristics.The negative PES rate was significantly higher in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group(63.3%vs 29.4%;P=0.005).Mean Southwest Oncology Group toxicity coding PES was 2.14(95%CI:1.41-2.8)vs 3.71(95%CI:2.97-4.45)between the dexamethasone and placebo groups,respectively.Cumulative incidence of fever was significantly lower in dexamethasone group with P<0.001,pain,nausea and vomiting were also lower in the dexamethasone group compared with the placebo group(P=0.16,P=0.11,and P=0.49).The dexamethasone regimen was generally well tolerated by patients with HCC patients including those with hepatitis B virus infection and well-controlled diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION Single dose dexamethasone was effective at preventing PES among patients with HCC treated with TACE.The study showed no adverse events of special interest related to dexamethasone.
基金Supported by Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan
文摘AIM: To compare the utility of single-balloon colonoscopy (SBC) or double-balloon colonoscopy (DBC) for difficult colonoscopies. METHODS: Between August 2008 and June 2010, patients in whom total colonoscopy failed within 30 min of insertion were assigned randomly to undergo either SBC or DBC. No sedatives were used. After the endoscopy, all patients were asked to evaluate pain during the procedure on a 10-point analog scale (1 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain) with a questionnaire. The study outcomes were the cecal intubation rate and time, endoscopic findings, complications, and pain score. RESULTS: The SBC and DBC groups included 11 and 10 patients, respectively. All but one SBC patient achieved total colonoscopy successfully. The cecal intubation times were 18 min (range: 10-85 min) and 12.8 min (range: 9.5-42 min) in the SBC and DBC groups, respectively (P= 0.17). No difference was observed in the prevalence of colon polyps between the SBC and DBC groups (45% vs 30%, P = 0.66). SBC showed advanced colon cancer in the ascending colon, which was inaccessible using conventional colonoscopy. The respective pain scores were 5 (1-10) [median (range)] and 5 (1-6) in the SBC and DBC groups (P = 0.64). No complications were noted in any patient. CONCLUSION: The utility of singleand double-balloon endoscopy for colonoscopy seems comparable in patients with incomplete colonoscopy using a conventional colonoscope.
文摘AIM:To compare the efficacy of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in patients with Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of our patient cohort revealed 4 patients with enterobiliary anastomosis and Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis who underwent repeated ERC with DBE and SBE because of recurrent cholangitis.RESULTS:A total of 38 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures were performed in 25 patients with Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis.DBE was used in 29 procedures and SBE in 9.The 4 patients who underwent repeated ERC with DBE and SBE suffered from recurrent cholangitis due to stenosis of the enterobiliary anastomosis.ERC was performed repeatedly to achieve balloon dilation with/without biliary stone extraction and multiple stent placement at the level of the enterobiliary anastomosis.In all 4 patients DBE and SBE were equally successful.Compared to DBE,SBE was equally effective in passing the Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis,reaching the enterobiliary anastomosis and performing therapeutic ERC.CONCLUSION:This retrospective comparison shows that DBE and SBE are equally successful in the performance of therapeutic ERC at the level of the enterobiliary anastomosis after Roux-en-Y entero-enteric anastomosis.
文摘In order to improve the quality of laneways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting and by making effective use of explosive energy, a model experiment of rock blasting with a single borehole and a double free-surface was performed with the objective of studying the effect of parameters such as charge structure, free-surface and rock compressive strength on rock blasting.The model experiments indicate that:1) the smaller the rock compressive strength and density, the more distinctive the cavity expanding action by blasting;2) the powder factor in an air-decoupling charge structure is larger than that in a coupling charge structure, i.e., the explosive energy in an air-decoupling charge structure transferred to the rocks is less than that in a coupling charge structure;3) a free-surface improves the utilizations of explosive energy;4) an air-decoupling charge structure helps to maintain the integrity and stability of wall rock in controlled perimeter blasting, such as in roadways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting.
