The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding metho...The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.展开更多
The buoyancy-induced flow constitutes a core scientific issue for thermal management of electronic devices and thermal design of energy systems,where accurate characterization of flow and heat transfer is essential to...The buoyancy-induced flow constitutes a core scientific issue for thermal management of electronic devices and thermal design of energy systems,where accurate characterization of flow and heat transfer is essential to improve thermal efficiency.In this work,buoyancy-induced flow above two heating elements flush-mounted at the bottom of a square enclosure containing air is numerically investigated over a range of Rayleigh numbers(0<Ra≤1.5×10^(8)),with a focus on equal and unequal heat flux conditions under a constraint of constant total thermal energy input.Distinct flow transitions are observed in both cases,leading to the identification of three flow regimes:Steady,periodic unsteady,and chaotic unsteady.Two types of periodic flows are distinguished,in which the first is a periodic flow dominated by a fundamental frequency(FF)and its integer-multiple frequencies(INTMF),while the second is a more complex periodic flow featuring FF,INTMF,and their sub-harmonics.The transitions between these regimes are affected by the relative heat flux of the two heaters.When the heat flux of the two heaters is unequal,the range of Rayleigh numbers corresponding to periodic flow is suppressed.It is also found that the time-averaged maximum temperature of the strong heater increases more rapidly with Ra,while that of the weak heater increases more slowly,reflecting the interaction between buoyancy-driven flow dynamics and asymmetric heat input.Analysis of the time-averaged Nusselt number demonstrates that heat dissipation from the isothermal walls remains roughly equivalent,even when the heat flux of the two heaters differs by a factor of two.These findings highlight the critical roles of Rayleigh number,the number of heaters,and the heat flux ratio of the heaters in determining heat transfer and flow characteristics for buoyancy-driven convection systems,providing important theoretical support and design references for engineering scenarios such as electronic devices and design of new energy systems.展开更多
The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter per...The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter persistent dendrite growth and parasitic reactions,driven by the inhomogeneous charge distribution and water-dominated environment within the EDL.Compounding this,classical EDL theory,rooted in meanfield approximations,further fails to resolve molecular-scale interfacial dynamics under battery-operating conditions,limiting mechanistic insights.Herein,we established a multiscale theoretical calculation framework from single molecular characteristics to interfacial ion distribution,revealing the EDL’s structure and interactions between different ions and molecules,which helps us understand the parasitic processes in depth.Simulations demonstrate that water dipole and sulfate ion adsorption at the inner Helmholtz plane drives severe hydrogen evolution and by-product formation.Guided by these insights,we engineered a“water-poor and anion-expelled”EDL using 4,1’,6’-trichlorogalactosucrose(TGS)as an electrolyte additive.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells with TGS exhibited stable cycling for over 4700 h under a current density of 1 mA cm^(−2),while NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O-based full cells kept 90.4%of the initial specific capacity after 800 cycles at 5 A g^(−1).This work highlights the power of multiscale theoretical frameworks to unravel EDL complexities and guide high-performance ARZB design through integrated theory-experiment approaches.展开更多
Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined ...Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism,affect thrust generation.This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity.Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs,we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production.Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces,power consumption,and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies.Additionally,wings with different aspect ratios,a key factor in wing design,were fabricated and extensively evaluated.The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility,a critical component in improving flight efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20%increase in thrust,achieving up to 30 g-force(gf).This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design,offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.展开更多
The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic fi...The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic field.These microorganisms produce density gradients by swimming,which induces macroscopic convection flows in the fluid.This procedure improves the mass and heat transfer,illustrating the interaction between biological activity and fluid dynamics.Furthermore,instead of considering traditional Fourier's and Fick's law the energy and concentration equations are developed by incorporating Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory.Moreover,to examine the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusions in the fluid we have adopted the Buongiorno nanofluid model.Due to the oscillation of the surface of the channel,the mathematical development of the considered flow problem is obtained in the form of partial differential equations via the curvilinear coordinate system.The convergent series solution of the governing flow equations is obtained after applying the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of different pertinent flow parameters on velocity,motile microorganism density distribution,concentration,pressure,temperature,and skin friction coefficient are examined and discussed in detail with the help of graphs and tables.It is observed during the current study that the density of microorganisms is enhanced for higher values of Reynolds number,Peclet number,radius of curvature variable,and Lewis number.展开更多
Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stabi...Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stability,and nontoxicity.However,its fast crystallization and requirement for high-temperature annealing(>250℃)often lead to inferior film quality,limiting its application in flexible devices.This study introduces an alloying strategy that significantly improves the quality of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)thin films annealed at a reduced temperature of 150℃.Devices based on the alloyed thin films exhibit an ultra-low dark current of 0.32 nA·cm^(-2)and a quantum efficiency of 725%.Furthermore,the first successful integration of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)with a thinfilm transistor backplane demonstrates its superior imaging performance,indicating that Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)is a promising material for next-generation soft X-ray sensors.展开更多
Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection in patients with acute secretory otitis media.Methods:A total of 84 patients with acute secr...Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection in patients with acute secretory otitis media.Methods:A total of 84 patients with acute secretory otitis media admitted to our hospital from June 2024 to June 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots.The control group(42 cases)was treated with the traditional single-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection method,while the observation group(42 cases)was treated with the double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection method.The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The overall treatment response rate,overall complication rate,time to symptom relief,and improvement in hearing threshold in the observation group were all superior to those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:For acute secretory otitis media,the treatment method of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection demonstrates definite efficacy,significantly reducing the incidence of complications,accelerating symptom relief,and improving hearing function,making it worthy of promotion.展开更多
Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen ba...Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen batteries(LOBs)due to their poor OER performance,resulting from poor electrical conductivity and overly strong intermediate adsorption.In this work,fancy double heterojunctions on 1T/2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)(1T/2H-MCS)were constructed derived from the charge donation from Co to Mo ions,thus inducing the phase transformation of Mo S_(2)from 2H to 1T.The unique features of these double heterojunctions endow the1T/2H-MCS with complementary catalysis during charging and discharging processes.It is worth noting that 1T-Mo S2@Co3S4could provide fast Co-S-Mo electron transport channels to promote ORR/OER kinetics,and 2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)contributed to enabling moderate egorbital occupancy when adsorbed with oxygen-containing intermediates.On the basis,the Li_(2)O_(2)nucleation route was changed to solution and surface dual pathways,improving reversible deposition and decomposition kinetics.As a result,1T/2H-MCS cathodes exhibit an improved electrocatalytic performance compared with those of Co_(3)S_(4)and Mo S2cathodes.This innovative heterostructure design provides a reliable strategy to construct efficient transition metal sulfide catalysts by improving electrical conductivity and modulating adsorption toward oxygenated intermediates for LOBs.展开更多
Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon ...Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon dioxide upon electron-impact.Through fragment ions and electron coincidence momentum imaging,we unambiguously determine the ionization mechanism by measuring the projectile energy loss in association with the C^(+) +O_(2)^(+) channel.Further potential energy and trajectory calculations enable us to elucidate the dynamical details of this fragmentation process,in which a bond rearrangement pathway is found to proceed via the structural deformation to a triangular intermediate.Moreover,we demonstrate a further roaming pathway for the formation of O_(2)^(+) from CO_(2)^(+) 2,in which a frustrated C-O bond cleavage leaves the O atom without sufficient energy to escape.The O atom then wanders around varied configuration spaces of the flat potential energy regions and forms a C-O-O_(2)^(+) intermediate prior to the final products C^(+) +O_(2)^(+).Considering the large quantities of free electrons in interstellar space,the processes revealed here are expected to be significant and should be incorporated into atmospheric evolution models.展开更多
A T-junction is a fundamental fluid element prevalent in pipe networks of water supplies and power plants. In the present study, a double T-junction was investigated for flow instability and fluid vibration. Both axi-...A T-junction is a fundamental fluid element prevalent in pipe networks of water supplies and power plants. In the present study, a double T-junction was investigated for flow instability and fluid vibration. Both axi-aligned and skewed double T-junctions are examined from viewpoint of flow instability. With single-phase flow in an open-ended double T-junction, fluid vibration is induced in both side branches because of a high shear rate with a point of inflection. The frequency of vibration in the downstream branch is higher than that in the upstream branch. Except for the upstream branch in the skewed double T-junction, the frequency is higher than that in a single T-junction. The fluid vibrations are closely associated with the fluid interference created by the presence of the two side branches.展开更多
Droplet-based microfluidics is a transformative technology with applications across diverse scientific and industrial domains.However,predicting the droplet size generated by individual microchannels before experiment...Droplet-based microfluidics is a transformative technology with applications across diverse scientific and industrial domains.However,predicting the droplet size generated by individual microchannels before experiments or simulations remains a significant challenge.In this study,we focus on a double T-junction microfluidic geometry and employ a hybrid modeling approach that combines machine learning with metaheuristic optimization to address this issue.Specifically,particle swarm optimization(PSO)is used to optimize the hyperparameters of a decision tree(DT)model,and its performance is compared with that of a DT optimized through grid search(GS).The hybrid models are developed to estimate the droplet diameter based on four parameters:the main width,side width,thickness,and flow rate ratio.The dataset of more than 300 cases,generated by a three-dimensional numerical model of the double T-junction,is used for training and testing.Multiple evaluation metrics confirm the predictive accuracy of the models.The results demonstrate that the proposed DT-PSO model achieves higher accuracy,with a coefficient of determination of 0.902 on the test data,while simultaneously reducing prediction time.This methodology holds the potential to minimize design iterations and accelerate the integration of microfluidic technology into the biological sciences.展开更多
Lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))doping provides a potential strategy to control over the luminescent properties of lead-free halide double perovskite nanocrystals(DP NCs).However,due to the low energy transfer efficiency betw...Lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))doping provides a potential strategy to control over the luminescent properties of lead-free halide double perovskite nanocrystals(DP NCs).However,due to the low energy transfer efficiency between self-trapped exciton(STE)and Ln^(3+)ions,the characteristic emissions of Ln^(3+)ions are not prominent.Furthermore,the energy transfer mechanism between STE and Ln^(3+)ions is also elusive and requires in-depth study.We chose trace Bi^(3+)-doped Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na_(0.4)InCl_(6-x)Br_(x) as a representative DP matrix to demonstrate that by tuning the bromide concentration,the Ln^(3+)emission can be greatly enhanced.Such enhanced STE and Ln^(3+)ions energy transfer originates from the high covalency of Ln-Br bond,which contributes to improve ment of the characteristic emission of Ln^(3+)ions.Furthermo re,optical spectroscopy reveals that the energy transfer mechanism from DP to Eu^(3+)ions is different from all the other doped Ln^(3+)ions.The energy transfer from DP to Eu^(3+)ions is mostly through Eu-Br charge transfer while the other Ln^(3+)ions are excited by energy transfer from STE.The distinct energy transfer mechanism has resulted from the energy separation between the excited energy level of Ln^(3+)ions and the bottom of conduction band of DP.With increasing the energy separation,the energy transfer from STE to Ln^(3+)ions is less efficient because of the generation of a larger number of phonons and finally becomes impossible for Eu^(3+)ions.Our results provide new insight into tuning the energy transfer of Ln^(3+)-doped DP NCs.展开更多
Lead-free hybrid double perovskites(LFHDPs) have received a lot of attention due to their environmental friendliness and promising attributes. However, studying the effect of film thickness on LFHDPs optoelectronic pr...Lead-free hybrid double perovskites(LFHDPs) have received a lot of attention due to their environmental friendliness and promising attributes. However, studying the effect of film thickness on LFHDPs optoelectronic properties has not yet been investigated. Herein, we synthesized two new Ruddlesden–Popper LFHDPs, namely(C_(5)H_(12)N)_(4)AgBiI_(8)(CAB-1) and(C_(6)H_(14)N)_(4)Ag Bi I8(CAB-2) using cyclopentylamine and cyclohexylamine as monoamine ligands. Indeed, these two Ag(Ⅰ)-Bi(Ⅲ) LFHDPs form smooth and uniform films ranging in thickness from 250 nm to 1 μm, with preferred orientations. Notably, the studies on the optical properties showed that the direct band gap value decreased from 2.17 e V to 1.91 e V for CAB-1 and from 2.05 e V to 1.86 e V for CAB-2 with increasing thickness. Accordingly, photo-current response using a xenon lamp revealed a significant difference of over 1000 n A between light and dark conditions for1 μm-thickness films, suggesting potential for light harvesting. Other than that, thicker films of CAB-1and CAB-2 exhibit high stability for 90 days in a relatively humid environment(RH of 55%), paving the way for promising optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG),as the central nodes of primary sensory afferents,possess a distinctive T-junction that is not merely a morphological peculiarity but also performs complex roles ...Pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG),as the central nodes of primary sensory afferents,possess a distinctive T-junction that is not merely a morphological peculiarity but also performs complex roles in rapid,multiplexed shunting and regulation of sensory signals.This specialized geometry enables separation,filtering,and feedback regulation of neuronal signals,thereby coordinating peripheral and central responses at multiple levels.Recent advances,including spatial transcriptomics,single-cell sequencing,super-resolution microscopy,organoid models,and novel electrophysiological methods,have permitted more precise dissection of the T-junction's molecular composition,ion-channel distribution,and electrophysiological properties.Here,we review current knowledge of the T-junction's developmental regulation and multilayered molecular networks,and we detail its functional alterations in both physiological signaling and pathological pain states,with particular emphasis on ion-channel modulation,signal attenuation,and selective transmission mechanisms.Finally,we discuss contemporary pain-intervention approaches and prospects for precision-targeted therapies,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future studies in pain physiology and clinical translation.展开更多
The pore structure of porous scaffolds plays a crucial role in bone repair.The prevalent bone implant structure in clinical practice is the traditional cubic structure.However,the traditional cubic structure exhibits ...The pore structure of porous scaffolds plays a crucial role in bone repair.The prevalent bone implant structure in clinical practice is the traditional cubic structure.However,the traditional cubic structure exhibits sharp edges and junctions that are not conducive to cell adhesion or growth.In this study,a double gyroid(DG)Ti6Al4V scaffold based on a triply periodic minimal surface(TPMS)structure was devised,and the osseointegration performance of DG structural scaffolds with varying porosities was investigated.Compression tests revealed that the elastic modulus and compressive strength of DG structural scaffolds were sufficient for orthopedic implants.In vitro cellular experiments demonstrated that the DG structure significantly enhanced cell proliferation,vascularization,and osteogenic differentiation compared to the cubic structure.The DG structure with 55%porosity exhibited the most favorable outcomes.In vivo experiments in rabbits further demonstrated that DG scaffolds could promote neovascularization and bone regeneration and maturation;those with 55%porosity performed best.Comparing the surface area,specific surface area per unit volume,and internal flow distribution characteristics of gyroid and DG structure scaffolds,the latter are more conducive to cell adhesion and growth within scaffolds.This study underscored the potential of DG scaffolds based on the TPMS structure in optimizing the pore structure design of titanium scaffolds,inducing angiogenesis,and advancing the clinical application of titanium scaffolds for repairing bone defects.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(Grant No.KFB22045)the General Program of Natural Science Foundation Fujian,China(Grant No.2023J01460).
文摘The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.
基金supported by the Tianjin Education Commission Research Program Project(No.2024KJ105)。
文摘The buoyancy-induced flow constitutes a core scientific issue for thermal management of electronic devices and thermal design of energy systems,where accurate characterization of flow and heat transfer is essential to improve thermal efficiency.In this work,buoyancy-induced flow above two heating elements flush-mounted at the bottom of a square enclosure containing air is numerically investigated over a range of Rayleigh numbers(0<Ra≤1.5×10^(8)),with a focus on equal and unequal heat flux conditions under a constraint of constant total thermal energy input.Distinct flow transitions are observed in both cases,leading to the identification of three flow regimes:Steady,periodic unsteady,and chaotic unsteady.Two types of periodic flows are distinguished,in which the first is a periodic flow dominated by a fundamental frequency(FF)and its integer-multiple frequencies(INTMF),while the second is a more complex periodic flow featuring FF,INTMF,and their sub-harmonics.The transitions between these regimes are affected by the relative heat flux of the two heaters.When the heat flux of the two heaters is unequal,the range of Rayleigh numbers corresponding to periodic flow is suppressed.It is also found that the time-averaged maximum temperature of the strong heater increases more rapidly with Ra,while that of the weak heater increases more slowly,reflecting the interaction between buoyancy-driven flow dynamics and asymmetric heat input.Analysis of the time-averaged Nusselt number demonstrates that heat dissipation from the isothermal walls remains roughly equivalent,even when the heat flux of the two heaters differs by a factor of two.These findings highlight the critical roles of Rayleigh number,the number of heaters,and the heat flux ratio of the heaters in determining heat transfer and flow characteristics for buoyancy-driven convection systems,providing important theoretical support and design references for engineering scenarios such as electronic devices and design of new energy systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471240)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23B030003)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00075)support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,UK)RiR grant-RIR18221018-1EU COST CA23155。
文摘The electric double layer(EDL)at the electrochemical interface is crucial for ion transport,charge transfer,and surface reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries(ARZBs).However,Zn anodes routinely encounter persistent dendrite growth and parasitic reactions,driven by the inhomogeneous charge distribution and water-dominated environment within the EDL.Compounding this,classical EDL theory,rooted in meanfield approximations,further fails to resolve molecular-scale interfacial dynamics under battery-operating conditions,limiting mechanistic insights.Herein,we established a multiscale theoretical calculation framework from single molecular characteristics to interfacial ion distribution,revealing the EDL’s structure and interactions between different ions and molecules,which helps us understand the parasitic processes in depth.Simulations demonstrate that water dipole and sulfate ion adsorption at the inner Helmholtz plane drives severe hydrogen evolution and by-product formation.Guided by these insights,we engineered a“water-poor and anion-expelled”EDL using 4,1’,6’-trichlorogalactosucrose(TGS)as an electrolyte additive.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells with TGS exhibited stable cycling for over 4700 h under a current density of 1 mA cm^(−2),while NaV_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O-based full cells kept 90.4%of the initial specific capacity after 800 cycles at 5 A g^(−1).This work highlights the power of multiscale theoretical frameworks to unravel EDL complexities and guide high-performance ARZB design through integrated theory-experiment approaches.
基金Nguyen Tat Thanh University,Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam for supporting this study。
文摘Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism,affect thrust generation.This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity.Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs,we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production.Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces,power consumption,and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies.Additionally,wings with different aspect ratios,a key factor in wing design,were fabricated and extensively evaluated.The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility,a critical component in improving flight efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20%increase in thrust,achieving up to 30 g-force(gf).This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design,offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.
文摘The present study investigates the flow,heat,and mass transfer analysis in the bioconvection of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms through a semi-porous curved oscillatory channel with a magnetic field.These microorganisms produce density gradients by swimming,which induces macroscopic convection flows in the fluid.This procedure improves the mass and heat transfer,illustrating the interaction between biological activity and fluid dynamics.Furthermore,instead of considering traditional Fourier's and Fick's law the energy and concentration equations are developed by incorporating Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory.Moreover,to examine the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusions in the fluid we have adopted the Buongiorno nanofluid model.Due to the oscillation of the surface of the channel,the mathematical development of the considered flow problem is obtained in the form of partial differential equations via the curvilinear coordinate system.The convergent series solution of the governing flow equations is obtained after applying the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of different pertinent flow parameters on velocity,motile microorganism density distribution,concentration,pressure,temperature,and skin friction coefficient are examined and discussed in detail with the help of graphs and tables.It is observed during the current study that the density of microorganisms is enhanced for higher values of Reynolds number,Peclet number,radius of curvature variable,and Lewis number.
基金supported by the NSFC under Grant No.62474169the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2024YFB3212200the funding from USTC under Grant Nos.WK2100000025,KY2190000003,and KY2190000006。
文摘Soft X-ray detectors play a vital role in materials science,high-energy physics and medical imaging.Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6),a lead-free double perovskite,has gained attention for its excellent optoelectronic properties,stability,and nontoxicity.However,its fast crystallization and requirement for high-temperature annealing(>250℃)often lead to inferior film quality,limiting its application in flexible devices.This study introduces an alloying strategy that significantly improves the quality of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)thin films annealed at a reduced temperature of 150℃.Devices based on the alloyed thin films exhibit an ultra-low dark current of 0.32 nA·cm^(-2)and a quantum efficiency of 725%.Furthermore,the first successful integration of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)with a thinfilm transistor backplane demonstrates its superior imaging performance,indicating that Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)is a promising material for next-generation soft X-ray sensors.
文摘Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection in patients with acute secretory otitis media.Methods:A total of 84 patients with acute secretory otitis media admitted to our hospital from June 2024 to June 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots.The control group(42 cases)was treated with the traditional single-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection method,while the observation group(42 cases)was treated with the double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection method.The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The overall treatment response rate,overall complication rate,time to symptom relief,and improvement in hearing threshold in the observation group were all superior to those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:For acute secretory otitis media,the treatment method of double-puncture tympanic membrane puncture and tympanic cavity drug injection demonstrates definite efficacy,significantly reducing the incidence of complications,accelerating symptom relief,and improving hearing function,making it worthy of promotion.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20311,U24A2040,52171141,52272117)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022JQ19)+3 种基金the Key Technology Research Project of Shandong Province(2023CXGC010202)the Taishan Industrial Experts Program(TSCX202306142)the Core Facility Sharing Platform of Shandong Universitythe Foundation of Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education),Nankai University。
文摘Co_(3)S_(4)electrocatalysts with mixed valences of Co ions and excellent structural stability possess favorable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,yet challenges remain in fabricating rechargeable lithiumoxygen batteries(LOBs)due to their poor OER performance,resulting from poor electrical conductivity and overly strong intermediate adsorption.In this work,fancy double heterojunctions on 1T/2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)(1T/2H-MCS)were constructed derived from the charge donation from Co to Mo ions,thus inducing the phase transformation of Mo S_(2)from 2H to 1T.The unique features of these double heterojunctions endow the1T/2H-MCS with complementary catalysis during charging and discharging processes.It is worth noting that 1T-Mo S2@Co3S4could provide fast Co-S-Mo electron transport channels to promote ORR/OER kinetics,and 2H-MoS_(2)@Co_(3)S_(4)contributed to enabling moderate egorbital occupancy when adsorbed with oxygen-containing intermediates.On the basis,the Li_(2)O_(2)nucleation route was changed to solution and surface dual pathways,improving reversible deposition and decomposition kinetics.As a result,1T/2H-MCS cathodes exhibit an improved electrocatalytic performance compared with those of Co_(3)S_(4)and Mo S2cathodes.This innovative heterostructure design provides a reliable strategy to construct efficient transition metal sulfide catalysts by improving electrical conductivity and modulating adsorption toward oxygenated intermediates for LOBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12325406,92261201,12404305,and W2512072)the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Fundamental Research Project (Grant Nos.2023JC-XJ-03 and23JSQ013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos.BX20240286 and 2024M7625)。
文摘Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon dioxide upon electron-impact.Through fragment ions and electron coincidence momentum imaging,we unambiguously determine the ionization mechanism by measuring the projectile energy loss in association with the C^(+) +O_(2)^(+) channel.Further potential energy and trajectory calculations enable us to elucidate the dynamical details of this fragmentation process,in which a bond rearrangement pathway is found to proceed via the structural deformation to a triangular intermediate.Moreover,we demonstrate a further roaming pathway for the formation of O_(2)^(+) from CO_(2)^(+) 2,in which a frustrated C-O bond cleavage leaves the O atom without sufficient energy to escape.The O atom then wanders around varied configuration spaces of the flat potential energy regions and forms a C-O-O_(2)^(+) intermediate prior to the final products C^(+) +O_(2)^(+).Considering the large quantities of free electrons in interstellar space,the processes revealed here are expected to be significant and should be incorporated into atmospheric evolution models.
文摘A T-junction is a fundamental fluid element prevalent in pipe networks of water supplies and power plants. In the present study, a double T-junction was investigated for flow instability and fluid vibration. Both axi-aligned and skewed double T-junctions are examined from viewpoint of flow instability. With single-phase flow in an open-ended double T-junction, fluid vibration is induced in both side branches because of a high shear rate with a point of inflection. The frequency of vibration in the downstream branch is higher than that in the upstream branch. Except for the upstream branch in the skewed double T-junction, the frequency is higher than that in a single T-junction. The fluid vibrations are closely associated with the fluid interference created by the presence of the two side branches.
文摘Droplet-based microfluidics is a transformative technology with applications across diverse scientific and industrial domains.However,predicting the droplet size generated by individual microchannels before experiments or simulations remains a significant challenge.In this study,we focus on a double T-junction microfluidic geometry and employ a hybrid modeling approach that combines machine learning with metaheuristic optimization to address this issue.Specifically,particle swarm optimization(PSO)is used to optimize the hyperparameters of a decision tree(DT)model,and its performance is compared with that of a DT optimized through grid search(GS).The hybrid models are developed to estimate the droplet diameter based on four parameters:the main width,side width,thickness,and flow rate ratio.The dataset of more than 300 cases,generated by a three-dimensional numerical model of the double T-junction,is used for training and testing.Multiple evaluation metrics confirm the predictive accuracy of the models.The results demonstrate that the proposed DT-PSO model achieves higher accuracy,with a coefficient of determination of 0.902 on the test data,while simultaneously reducing prediction time.This methodology holds the potential to minimize design iterations and accelerate the integration of microfluidic technology into the biological sciences.
基金Project supported by the Research Project of Mindu Innovation Laboratory(2021ZZ114)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen(3502Z20227255)+1 种基金Major Research Project of Xiamen(3502Z20191015)the Science and Technology Major Project of Fujian Province(2021HZ021013)。
文摘Lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))doping provides a potential strategy to control over the luminescent properties of lead-free halide double perovskite nanocrystals(DP NCs).However,due to the low energy transfer efficiency between self-trapped exciton(STE)and Ln^(3+)ions,the characteristic emissions of Ln^(3+)ions are not prominent.Furthermore,the energy transfer mechanism between STE and Ln^(3+)ions is also elusive and requires in-depth study.We chose trace Bi^(3+)-doped Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na_(0.4)InCl_(6-x)Br_(x) as a representative DP matrix to demonstrate that by tuning the bromide concentration,the Ln^(3+)emission can be greatly enhanced.Such enhanced STE and Ln^(3+)ions energy transfer originates from the high covalency of Ln-Br bond,which contributes to improve ment of the characteristic emission of Ln^(3+)ions.Furthermo re,optical spectroscopy reveals that the energy transfer mechanism from DP to Eu^(3+)ions is different from all the other doped Ln^(3+)ions.The energy transfer from DP to Eu^(3+)ions is mostly through Eu-Br charge transfer while the other Ln^(3+)ions are excited by energy transfer from STE.The distinct energy transfer mechanism has resulted from the energy separation between the excited energy level of Ln^(3+)ions and the bottom of conduction band of DP.With increasing the energy separation,the energy transfer from STE to Ln^(3+)ions is less efficient because of the generation of a larger number of phonons and finally becomes impossible for Eu^(3+)ions.Our results provide new insight into tuning the energy transfer of Ln^(3+)-doped DP NCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22375157 and W2433042)the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(No. 2020TD-001)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment (No. EIPE23409)the Instrument Analysis Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University for assistance。
文摘Lead-free hybrid double perovskites(LFHDPs) have received a lot of attention due to their environmental friendliness and promising attributes. However, studying the effect of film thickness on LFHDPs optoelectronic properties has not yet been investigated. Herein, we synthesized two new Ruddlesden–Popper LFHDPs, namely(C_(5)H_(12)N)_(4)AgBiI_(8)(CAB-1) and(C_(6)H_(14)N)_(4)Ag Bi I8(CAB-2) using cyclopentylamine and cyclohexylamine as monoamine ligands. Indeed, these two Ag(Ⅰ)-Bi(Ⅲ) LFHDPs form smooth and uniform films ranging in thickness from 250 nm to 1 μm, with preferred orientations. Notably, the studies on the optical properties showed that the direct band gap value decreased from 2.17 e V to 1.91 e V for CAB-1 and from 2.05 e V to 1.86 e V for CAB-2 with increasing thickness. Accordingly, photo-current response using a xenon lamp revealed a significant difference of over 1000 n A between light and dark conditions for1 μm-thickness films, suggesting potential for light harvesting. Other than that, thicker films of CAB-1and CAB-2 exhibit high stability for 90 days in a relatively humid environment(RH of 55%), paving the way for promising optoelectronic applications.
基金supported by grant from the National Key Technology Support Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2021ZD0203204)。
文摘Pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG),as the central nodes of primary sensory afferents,possess a distinctive T-junction that is not merely a morphological peculiarity but also performs complex roles in rapid,multiplexed shunting and regulation of sensory signals.This specialized geometry enables separation,filtering,and feedback regulation of neuronal signals,thereby coordinating peripheral and central responses at multiple levels.Recent advances,including spatial transcriptomics,single-cell sequencing,super-resolution microscopy,organoid models,and novel electrophysiological methods,have permitted more precise dissection of the T-junction's molecular composition,ion-channel distribution,and electrophysiological properties.Here,we review current knowledge of the T-junction's developmental regulation and multilayered molecular networks,and we detail its functional alterations in both physiological signaling and pathological pain states,with particular emphasis on ion-channel modulation,signal attenuation,and selective transmission mechanisms.Finally,we discuss contemporary pain-intervention approaches and prospects for precision-targeted therapies,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future studies in pain physiology and clinical translation.
基金supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20523,82272504,and 82072456)the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,China(Nos.20210101439JC,20210101321JC,20220204119YY,202201ZYTS131,202201ZYTS129,20230204114YY,YDZJ202201ZYTS505,and YDZJ202301ZYTS076)+4 种基金the Special Program for Science and Technology Personnel of Changchun(No.ZKICKJJ2023015)the Key Training Plan for Outstanding Youth of Jilin University(No.419070623036)the Research Fund of the First Hospital of Jilin University(No.2021-zl-01)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University(No.2024CX125)the Foun-dation of National Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)SHU Branch,China(No.SUITM-202405).
文摘The pore structure of porous scaffolds plays a crucial role in bone repair.The prevalent bone implant structure in clinical practice is the traditional cubic structure.However,the traditional cubic structure exhibits sharp edges and junctions that are not conducive to cell adhesion or growth.In this study,a double gyroid(DG)Ti6Al4V scaffold based on a triply periodic minimal surface(TPMS)structure was devised,and the osseointegration performance of DG structural scaffolds with varying porosities was investigated.Compression tests revealed that the elastic modulus and compressive strength of DG structural scaffolds were sufficient for orthopedic implants.In vitro cellular experiments demonstrated that the DG structure significantly enhanced cell proliferation,vascularization,and osteogenic differentiation compared to the cubic structure.The DG structure with 55%porosity exhibited the most favorable outcomes.In vivo experiments in rabbits further demonstrated that DG scaffolds could promote neovascularization and bone regeneration and maturation;those with 55%porosity performed best.Comparing the surface area,specific surface area per unit volume,and internal flow distribution characteristics of gyroid and DG structure scaffolds,the latter are more conducive to cell adhesion and growth within scaffolds.This study underscored the potential of DG scaffolds based on the TPMS structure in optimizing the pore structure design of titanium scaffolds,inducing angiogenesis,and advancing the clinical application of titanium scaffolds for repairing bone defects.
