In this study,raw Arundo donax(A.donax)pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gath...In this study,raw Arundo donax(A.donax)pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gathered from local wastewater reuse plant.At stable phase(about 60 days),efficient denitrification performance was obtained with73.2%±19.5%NO3--N average removal and 8.10±3.45 g N/(m3·day)NO3--N average volumetric removal rate.Mass balance analysis showed that 4.84 g A.donax was required to remove 1 g TN.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results showed that the copy numbers of 16S r-RNA,narG,nirS,nosZ and anammox gene of carrier biofilm and suspended activated sludge in the declination phase(BF2 and AS2)were lower than those of samples in the stable phase(BF1 and AS1),and relatively higher copy numbers of nirS and nirK genes with lower abundance of narG and nosZ genes were observed.High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted for BF2 and AS2,and similar dominant phyla and classes with different abundance were obtained.The class Gammaproteobacteria affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant microbial community in both BF2(52.6%)and AS2(41.7%).The PICRUSt prediction results indicated that 33 predictive specific genes were related to denitrification process,and the relative abundance of 18 predictive specific genes in BF2 were higher than those in AS2.展开更多
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.),a perennial rhizomatous grass,which was cultivated for 70 d in soils contamin...A greenhouse experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.),a perennial rhizomatous grass,which was cultivated for 70 d in soils contaminated with As,Cd and Pb.The results show that giant reed rapidly grows with big biomass of shoots in contaminated soil,possessing strong metal-tolerance with limited metal translocation from roots to shoots.When As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil are less than 254,76.1 and 1 552 mg/kg,respectively,plant height and dried biomass are slightly reduced,the accumulation of As,Cd and Pb in shoots of giant reed is low while metal concentration in roots is high,and the anatomical characteristics of stem tissues are thick and homogeneous according to SEM images.However,plant height and dried biomass are significantly reduced and metal concentration in plant shoots and roots are significantly increased(P<0.05),the stems images become heterogeneous and the secretion in vascular bundles increases significantly when As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceed 334,101 and 2 052 mg/kg,respectively.The giant reed is a promising,naturally occurring plant with strong metal-tolerance,which can be cultivated in soils contaminated with multiple metals for ecoremediation purposes.展开更多
芦竹Arundo donax L.由于其生长快速、抗逆性强、蛋白含量高等优点,正以重要能源植物的定位受到越来越多的重视。本研究针对本单位收集的源自我国山东省烟台市及福建省福州市永泰县的2种芦竹进行叶片形态、生物量及营养物质含量等生物...芦竹Arundo donax L.由于其生长快速、抗逆性强、蛋白含量高等优点,正以重要能源植物的定位受到越来越多的重视。本研究针对本单位收集的源自我国山东省烟台市及福建省福州市永泰县的2种芦竹进行叶片形态、生物量及营养物质含量等生物学特性分析,发现2个芦竹品种在干物质产量、水分含量、纤维含量、粗灰分含量等指标上存在一定差异性。基于上述差异性,对2个芦竹品种的叶片进行Illumina高通量测序分析,构建芦竹转录组数据库。通过de novo的方法对获得的转录组数据进行组装,并预测各组装获得Unigene的开放阅读框,从而获得可能的蛋白氨基酸序列。通过基因表达量差异性分析,筛选2个芦竹品种中表达量差异显著的基因,并将上述基因与Gene Ontology(GO)、Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups of proteins(KOG)及Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)等数据库比对分析,预测差异表达基因的功能及参与的代谢信号通道。针对与生物量及生物乙醇产量相关的代谢途径的分析发现,2个芦竹品种在碳固定光合作用、淀粉/糖代谢及木质素合成相关的信号通道中关键酶基因的表达量上具有显著差异。上述结论从生物学及生物信息学角度分别分析了源自我国不同地域的芦竹品种在生物产量及生物质能源相关指标上的差异性。研究结论为筛选芦竹品种作为优质生物质能源草种提供了依据。展开更多
The US Department of Energy is currently building strategies for the expansion of clean and renewable energy sources, and tall, rapidly-growing grasses such as giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and giant ...The US Department of Energy is currently building strategies for the expansion of clean and renewable energy sources, and tall, rapidly-growing grasses such as giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and giant reed (Arundo donax) are two of the many of species that could fill this renewable energy niche. The objective was to compare stalk growth components of giant miscanthus and giant reed, in a low-input system (no irrigation and no fertilizer use) in Arkansas, USA. Due to the potential invasiveness of giant reed, our study was conducted on an upland site to minimize escape. Plant height and dry weight per stalk were measured every week for two consecutive growing seasons in 2012 and 2013. Leaf area index (LAI) was measured every two weeks from May to September in 2012. A significant species × day interaction occurred for plant height and dry weight per stalk, due to the relatively greater height and weight of giant reed compared to giant miscanthus after May. Stalk elongation rate was greater for giant reed than giant miscanthus (1.85 and 1.11 cm day-1, respectively). Leaf area index differed between species, giant reed (10.4 m2 m-2) > giant miscanthus (4.4 m2 m-2). We showed that giant reed produced taller, heavier stalks, and had a greater stalk elongation rate, compared to giant miscanthus. For sustainable bioenergy production from giant reed in Arkansas, further studies should be performed to determine ideal number of harvests per year and associated production cost.展开更多
Five hundred samples ofDonax spp. were collected from five beaches （Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya） in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variable...Five hundred samples ofDonax spp. were collected from five beaches （Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya） in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variables of each individual were measured and analyzed to reveal morphological variation. The discriminant function analysis of morphology suggested a clear separation into two groups. The individuals from Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden were grouped together while individuals from Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod and Sam Phraya were classified into the same group. The classification function of discriminant function analysis suggested that 70% of Khao Tao population, 70% of Sea Pine Garden population, 67% of Pran Buri Forest Park population, 64% of Sam Roi Yod population and 34% of Sam Phraya population of Donax spp. could be correctly reassigned by morphology. The misclassification individuals of Sam Phraya population were assigned to Pran Buri Forest Park and Sam Roi Yod population with the correct assignment 38% and 27%, respectively. The results obtained in this study based on morphological variation indicated that Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden populations ofDonax spp. should be treated as separated units from the other three populations for conservation management. However, the result should be confirmed again as genetic level.展开更多
Background: Extrinsic aging results from environmental stressors such as UVR or pollutants. While the effects of single pollutants are better understood, those of their combination remain poorly scrutinized. Objective...Background: Extrinsic aging results from environmental stressors such as UVR or pollutants. While the effects of single pollutants are better understood, those of their combination remain poorly scrutinized. Objective: Building on a study showing downregulation of several processes upon co-exposure to B[a]P and UVA, we investigated changes induced by epigenetic marks. Materials and Methods: Human primary fibroblasts and HaCaT cells were exposed to B[a]P and UVA. After 24 hours, exposed and unexposed cells were compared to assess DNA methylation. Focusing on HaCaT, multiplex assays enabled quantifying histone H3 modifications and evaluating four splicing factors (SRSF1, SRSF3, SFPQ, and SF3B1) by immunohistochemical labeling. The expression of keratinocyte-/fibroblast-relevant genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. Finally, the impact of an Arundo donax L. extract added 24 hours before B[a]P-UVA co-exposure was analyzed. Results: Exposure to B[a]P-UVA raised DNA methylation (HaCaT: ×3.6, fibroblasts: ×1.9), an increase prevented by the extract. In HaCaT cells, B[a]P-UVA increases the frequency of S10P (+38%). When exposure was preceded by extract treatment, the frequency of several methylations was impacted. B[a]P-UVA only induced the expression of SRSF1 and SFPQ in HaCaT (+46% and +34%). Treatment with the extract abolished this effect. Co-exposure increases the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-1α, IL-1β) in HaCaT cells and decreases those of AQP3, KRT15, and SOD2. The extract has little effect on these changes. In primary fibroblasts, exposure to B[a]P-UVA lowered the expression of LOXL2, LUM, and TGFBR2 (−38%, −59%, and −51%, respectively), and the extract did not affect these modifications. Conclusion: Within 24 hours, a single B[a]P-UVA co-exposure changes epigenetic marks of skin cells but has only mild effects on gene expression. An Arundo donax L. extract can prevent part of the epigenetic marks’ changes and could stimulate the expression of some genes in primary fibroblasts.展开更多
Background:Arundo donax L.has great potential as an energy crop due to its high biomass yield and broad adaptability,while lack of a reference genome is a hindrance to genetic improvement efforts for this species.Meth...Background:Arundo donax L.has great potential as an energy crop due to its high biomass yield and broad adaptability,while lack of a reference genome is a hindrance to genetic improvement efforts for this species.Methods:Genome assembly of A.donax was conducted by utilizing PacBio SMRT sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology,with further analysis exploring the plant's ploidy,whole-genome duplication event,and evolutionary history through comparative genomics.Results:The genome assembly of A.donax consists of 1.30 Gb with a contig N50 size of 33.15 Mb.A total of 74403 gene models were identified,with over 90%of genes being functionally annotated.Karyotype and synteny analyses revealed that A.donax is an autoalloenneaploid(3n=9x=108)and has experienced significant gene family expansion and two whole-genome duplication events during its evolutionary history.Furthermore,utilizing the genome assembly,a variety of salinity stress-related genes were uncovered through the analysis of public RNA-seq data.Conclusions:This study presents the initial chromosome-scale genome assembly of A.donax,which will advance genetic comprehension and support the genetic enhancement of this important energy crop.展开更多
基金supported by the National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (Nos. 2017ZX07401003-05-01 2014ZX07216-001)the China Scholarship Council Foundation (No. 2011911098)
文摘In this study,raw Arundo donax(A.donax)pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gathered from local wastewater reuse plant.At stable phase(about 60 days),efficient denitrification performance was obtained with73.2%±19.5%NO3--N average removal and 8.10±3.45 g N/(m3·day)NO3--N average volumetric removal rate.Mass balance analysis showed that 4.84 g A.donax was required to remove 1 g TN.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results showed that the copy numbers of 16S r-RNA,narG,nirS,nosZ and anammox gene of carrier biofilm and suspended activated sludge in the declination phase(BF2 and AS2)were lower than those of samples in the stable phase(BF1 and AS1),and relatively higher copy numbers of nirS and nirK genes with lower abundance of narG and nosZ genes were observed.High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted for BF2 and AS2,and similar dominant phyla and classes with different abundance were obtained.The class Gammaproteobacteria affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant microbial community in both BF2(52.6%)and AS2(41.7%).The PICRUSt prediction results indicated that 33 predictive specific genes were related to denitrification process,and the relative abundance of 18 predictive specific genes in BF2 were higher than those in AS2.
基金Project(20507022) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A greenhouse experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.),a perennial rhizomatous grass,which was cultivated for 70 d in soils contaminated with As,Cd and Pb.The results show that giant reed rapidly grows with big biomass of shoots in contaminated soil,possessing strong metal-tolerance with limited metal translocation from roots to shoots.When As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil are less than 254,76.1 and 1 552 mg/kg,respectively,plant height and dried biomass are slightly reduced,the accumulation of As,Cd and Pb in shoots of giant reed is low while metal concentration in roots is high,and the anatomical characteristics of stem tissues are thick and homogeneous according to SEM images.However,plant height and dried biomass are significantly reduced and metal concentration in plant shoots and roots are significantly increased(P<0.05),the stems images become heterogeneous and the secretion in vascular bundles increases significantly when As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceed 334,101 and 2 052 mg/kg,respectively.The giant reed is a promising,naturally occurring plant with strong metal-tolerance,which can be cultivated in soils contaminated with multiple metals for ecoremediation purposes.
文摘芦竹Arundo donax L.由于其生长快速、抗逆性强、蛋白含量高等优点,正以重要能源植物的定位受到越来越多的重视。本研究针对本单位收集的源自我国山东省烟台市及福建省福州市永泰县的2种芦竹进行叶片形态、生物量及营养物质含量等生物学特性分析,发现2个芦竹品种在干物质产量、水分含量、纤维含量、粗灰分含量等指标上存在一定差异性。基于上述差异性,对2个芦竹品种的叶片进行Illumina高通量测序分析,构建芦竹转录组数据库。通过de novo的方法对获得的转录组数据进行组装,并预测各组装获得Unigene的开放阅读框,从而获得可能的蛋白氨基酸序列。通过基因表达量差异性分析,筛选2个芦竹品种中表达量差异显著的基因,并将上述基因与Gene Ontology(GO)、Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups of proteins(KOG)及Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)等数据库比对分析,预测差异表达基因的功能及参与的代谢信号通道。针对与生物量及生物乙醇产量相关的代谢途径的分析发现,2个芦竹品种在碳固定光合作用、淀粉/糖代谢及木质素合成相关的信号通道中关键酶基因的表达量上具有显著差异。上述结论从生物学及生物信息学角度分别分析了源自我国不同地域的芦竹品种在生物产量及生物质能源相关指标上的差异性。研究结论为筛选芦竹品种作为优质生物质能源草种提供了依据。
文摘The US Department of Energy is currently building strategies for the expansion of clean and renewable energy sources, and tall, rapidly-growing grasses such as giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and giant reed (Arundo donax) are two of the many of species that could fill this renewable energy niche. The objective was to compare stalk growth components of giant miscanthus and giant reed, in a low-input system (no irrigation and no fertilizer use) in Arkansas, USA. Due to the potential invasiveness of giant reed, our study was conducted on an upland site to minimize escape. Plant height and dry weight per stalk were measured every week for two consecutive growing seasons in 2012 and 2013. Leaf area index (LAI) was measured every two weeks from May to September in 2012. A significant species × day interaction occurred for plant height and dry weight per stalk, due to the relatively greater height and weight of giant reed compared to giant miscanthus after May. Stalk elongation rate was greater for giant reed than giant miscanthus (1.85 and 1.11 cm day-1, respectively). Leaf area index differed between species, giant reed (10.4 m2 m-2) > giant miscanthus (4.4 m2 m-2). We showed that giant reed produced taller, heavier stalks, and had a greater stalk elongation rate, compared to giant miscanthus. For sustainable bioenergy production from giant reed in Arkansas, further studies should be performed to determine ideal number of harvests per year and associated production cost.
文摘Five hundred samples ofDonax spp. were collected from five beaches （Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya） in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variables of each individual were measured and analyzed to reveal morphological variation. The discriminant function analysis of morphology suggested a clear separation into two groups. The individuals from Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden were grouped together while individuals from Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod and Sam Phraya were classified into the same group. The classification function of discriminant function analysis suggested that 70% of Khao Tao population, 70% of Sea Pine Garden population, 67% of Pran Buri Forest Park population, 64% of Sam Roi Yod population and 34% of Sam Phraya population of Donax spp. could be correctly reassigned by morphology. The misclassification individuals of Sam Phraya population were assigned to Pran Buri Forest Park and Sam Roi Yod population with the correct assignment 38% and 27%, respectively. The results obtained in this study based on morphological variation indicated that Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden populations ofDonax spp. should be treated as separated units from the other three populations for conservation management. However, the result should be confirmed again as genetic level.
文摘Background: Extrinsic aging results from environmental stressors such as UVR or pollutants. While the effects of single pollutants are better understood, those of their combination remain poorly scrutinized. Objective: Building on a study showing downregulation of several processes upon co-exposure to B[a]P and UVA, we investigated changes induced by epigenetic marks. Materials and Methods: Human primary fibroblasts and HaCaT cells were exposed to B[a]P and UVA. After 24 hours, exposed and unexposed cells were compared to assess DNA methylation. Focusing on HaCaT, multiplex assays enabled quantifying histone H3 modifications and evaluating four splicing factors (SRSF1, SRSF3, SFPQ, and SF3B1) by immunohistochemical labeling. The expression of keratinocyte-/fibroblast-relevant genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. Finally, the impact of an Arundo donax L. extract added 24 hours before B[a]P-UVA co-exposure was analyzed. Results: Exposure to B[a]P-UVA raised DNA methylation (HaCaT: ×3.6, fibroblasts: ×1.9), an increase prevented by the extract. In HaCaT cells, B[a]P-UVA increases the frequency of S10P (+38%). When exposure was preceded by extract treatment, the frequency of several methylations was impacted. B[a]P-UVA only induced the expression of SRSF1 and SFPQ in HaCaT (+46% and +34%). Treatment with the extract abolished this effect. Co-exposure increases the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-1α, IL-1β) in HaCaT cells and decreases those of AQP3, KRT15, and SOD2. The extract has little effect on these changes. In primary fibroblasts, exposure to B[a]P-UVA lowered the expression of LOXL2, LUM, and TGFBR2 (−38%, −59%, and −51%, respectively), and the extract did not affect these modifications. Conclusion: Within 24 hours, a single B[a]P-UVA co-exposure changes epigenetic marks of skin cells but has only mild effects on gene expression. An Arundo donax L. extract can prevent part of the epigenetic marks’ changes and could stimulate the expression of some genes in primary fibroblasts.
基金Jianghan University,Grant/Award Number:2023XKZ024National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Grant/Award Number:KJZXXP202314。
文摘Background:Arundo donax L.has great potential as an energy crop due to its high biomass yield and broad adaptability,while lack of a reference genome is a hindrance to genetic improvement efforts for this species.Methods:Genome assembly of A.donax was conducted by utilizing PacBio SMRT sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technology,with further analysis exploring the plant's ploidy,whole-genome duplication event,and evolutionary history through comparative genomics.Results:The genome assembly of A.donax consists of 1.30 Gb with a contig N50 size of 33.15 Mb.A total of 74403 gene models were identified,with over 90%of genes being functionally annotated.Karyotype and synteny analyses revealed that A.donax is an autoalloenneaploid(3n=9x=108)and has experienced significant gene family expansion and two whole-genome duplication events during its evolutionary history.Furthermore,utilizing the genome assembly,a variety of salinity stress-related genes were uncovered through the analysis of public RNA-seq data.Conclusions:This study presents the initial chromosome-scale genome assembly of A.donax,which will advance genetic comprehension and support the genetic enhancement of this important energy crop.
