In the modern era of manufacturing, it is important to optimize every design parameter in product development stage to reduce cost, material usage and to achieve the desired efficacy level. There are various models wh...In the modern era of manufacturing, it is important to optimize every design parameter in product development stage to reduce cost, material usage and to achieve the desired efficacy level. There are various models which serve those purposes, for instance, Design of Experiment (DoE) is used to check the parameters after adopting optimization tactics which results in reduced cost or saving operating time. In this regard, this research aims to construct a DoE model on a portable workstation to optimize its design parameters. The methodology of DOE would be a 2 level 3 factors full factorial DOE which is conducted to determine the optimal value for three design parameters (factors) which are material density, the length of the table and the length of the table stand in terms of the response which is the required time of fold ability function of the portable workstation. Based upon the evaluated interactions between the parameters, the optimized parameters are chosen for responses. Here, the resultant design parameters are at their lowest level, so the goal of time efficiency in fold ability function is achieved. This similar sort of DoE can be implemented in the furniture and other manufacturing industries who wish to optimize their material usage as well as increase efficiency and reduce cycle time.展开更多
DOE （design of experiments） is a systematic, rigorous approach to engineering problem-solving that applies principles and techniques at the data collection stage so as to ensure the generation of valid, defensible, ...DOE （design of experiments） is a systematic, rigorous approach to engineering problem-solving that applies principles and techniques at the data collection stage so as to ensure the generation of valid, defensible, and supportable engineering conclusions. This paper presents a comparison of three different experimental designs （full experimental design, fractional design and Taguchi design） aimed at studying the effects of cutting parameters variations on surface finish. The results revealed that the effects obtained by analyzing both fractional and Taguchi designs were comparable to the main effects and two-level interactions obtained by the full factorial design. Thus, we conclude that full factorial design appear to be reliable and more economical since they permit to reduce by a factor the amount of time and effort required to conduct the experimental design without losing valuable information. Thus, we conclude that full factorial design appear to be reliable and more economical and without losing valuable information.展开更多
Automotive torque converters have recently been designed with an increasingly narrower profile for the purpose of achieving a smaller axial size and reducing weight. Design of experiment(DOE) and computational fluid d...Automotive torque converters have recently been designed with an increasingly narrower profile for the purpose of achieving a smaller axial size and reducing weight. Design of experiment(DOE) and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) techniques are applied to improve the performance of a flat torque converter. Four torque converters with different flatness ratios(0.204, 0.186, 0.172, and 0.158) are designed and simulated first to investigate the effects of flatness ratio on their overall performance, including efficiency, torque ratio, and impeller torque factor. The simulation results show that the overall performance tends to deteriorate as the flatness ratio decreases. Then a parametric study covering six geometric parameters, namely, inlet and outlet angles of impeller, turbine, and stator is carried out. The results demonstrate that the inlet and outlet angles play an important role in determining the performance characteristics of a torque converter. Furthermore, the relative importance of the six design parameters is investigated using DOE method for each response(stall torque ratio and peak efficiency). The turbine outlet angle is found to exert the greatest influence on both responses. After DOE analysis, an optimized design for the flat torque converter geometry is obtained. Compared to the conventional product, the width of the optimized flat torque converter torus is reduced by about 20% while the values of stall torque ratio and peak efficiency are only decreased by 0.4% and 1.7%, respectively.The proposed new optimization strategy based on DOE method together with desirability function approach can be used for performance enhancement in the design process of flat torque converters.展开更多
Due to the complex chemical composition of nickel ores, the requests for the decrease of production costs, and the increase of nickel extraction in the existing depletion of high-grade sulfide ores around the world, c...Due to the complex chemical composition of nickel ores, the requests for the decrease of production costs, and the increase of nickel extraction in the existing depletion of high-grade sulfide ores around the world, computer modeling of nickel ore leaching process be- came a need and a challenge. In this paper, the design of experiments （DOE） theory was used to determine the optimal experimental design plan matrix based on the D optimality criterion. In the high-pressure sulfuric acid leaching （HPSAL） process for nickel laterite in ＂Rudjinci＂ ore in Serbia, the temperature, the sulfuric acid to ore ratio, the stirring speed, and the leaching time as the predictor variables, and the degree of nickel extraction as the response have been considered. To model the process, the multiple linear regression （MLR） and response surface method （RSM）, together with the two-level and four-factor full factorial central composite design （CCD） plan, were used. The proposed re- gression models have not been proven adequate. Therefore, the artificial neural network （ANN） approach with the same experimental plan was used in order to reduce operational costs, give a better modeling accuracy, and provide a more successful process optimization. The model is based on the multi-layer neural networks with the back-propagation （BP） learning algorithm and the bipolar sigmoid activation function.展开更多
Identification of process parameters,their effects and contributions to the outcomes of the system using experimental approach could be a daunting,time consuming,and costly course.Using proper statistical methods,i.e....Identification of process parameters,their effects and contributions to the outcomes of the system using experimental approach could be a daunting,time consuming,and costly course.Using proper statistical methods,i.e.,Taguchi method,could significantly reduce the number of required experiments and statistical significance of the parameter can be identified.Friction stir welding is one of those welding techniques with many parameters which have different effects on the quality of the welds.In friction stir welding the tool rotational speed(RPM)and transverse speed(mm/min)influence the strength(i.e.,hardness distribution)of the stirred zone.In this study,these two factors are investigated to determine the effect they will have on the hardness in the stirred zone of the friction stir welds and how the two factors are related to one another for as-cast magnesium alloy AM60 with nominal chemical composition of Mg-(5.5-6.5)Al-(0.24-0.6)Mn-0.22Zn-0.1Si.Experimental data was taken at three different tool rotational speeds and three different transverse speeds.The data obtained was then analyzed using a 32 factorial design to find the contribution of these parameters.It was determined that both tool rotational speed and transverse speed possess significant effects on the stir zone hardness.Also,the interactions between the two factors were statistically assessed.展开更多
Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) i...Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. The application of QbD in drug formulation and process design is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper,the basic knowledge of QbD, the elements of QbD, steps and tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology(PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the concrete applications of QbD in various pharmaceutical related unit operations are summarized and presented.展开更多
Quality by Test (Qb T) was the only way to guarantee the quality of drug products before FDA launches current Good Manufacturing Practice (c GMP)[1], which is an approach without clear understanding of the processes. ...Quality by Test (Qb T) was the only way to guarantee the quality of drug products before FDA launches current Good Manufacturing Practice (c GMP)[1], which is an approach without clear understanding of the processes. In order to solve this problem,FDA generalized Quality by Design (QbD) in the field of pharmacy (2)In pharmaceutical industry, Qb D brings cost-efficiency and simplicity of manufacturing process into reality.展开更多
Lattice structures are three-dimensional structures composed of repeated geometrical shapes with multiple interconnected nodes,providing high strength-to-weight ratios,customizable properties,and efficient use of mate...Lattice structures are three-dimensional structures composed of repeated geometrical shapes with multiple interconnected nodes,providing high strength-to-weight ratios,customizable properties,and efficient use of materials.A smart use of materials leads to reduced fuel consumption and lower operating costs,making them highly desirable for aircraft manufacturers.Furthermore,the customizable properties of lattice structures allow for tailoring to specific design requirements,leading to improved performance and safety for aircraft.These advantages make lattice structures an important focus for research and development in the aviation industry.This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the mechanical compression properties of lattice trusses made with Ti6Al4V,designed for use in an anti-ice system.The truss structures were manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques and tested under compressive loads to determine mechanical properties.Results showed that lattice trusses exhibited high levels of compressive strength,making them suitable for use in applications where mechanical resistance and durability are critical,such as in anti-ice systems.We also highlight the potential of additive manufacturing techniques for the fabrication of lattice trusses with tailored mechanical properties.The study provides valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of Ti6Al4V lattice trusses and their potential applications in anti-ice systems,as well as other areas where high strength-to-weight ratios are required.The results of this research contribute to the development of lightweight,efficient,and durable anti-ice systems for use in aviation and other industries.展开更多
Wide range of rotating machinery contains an inherent amount of unbalance which leads to increase in the vibration level and related faults.In this work,the effect of different operating conditions viz.the unbalanced ...Wide range of rotating machinery contains an inherent amount of unbalance which leads to increase in the vibration level and related faults.In this work,the effect of different operating conditions viz.the unbalanced weight,radius,speed and position of the rotor disc on the unbalance in rotating machine are studied experimentally and analyzed by using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).RSM is a technique which consists of mathematical and statistical methods to develop the relationship between the inputs and outputs of a system by distinct functions.L27 Orthogonal Array(OA)was developed by using Design of Experiments(DOE)according to which experimentation has been carried out.Three accelerometer sensors were mounted to record the vibration responses(accelerations)in radially vertical,horizontal and axial directions.The responses recorded as root mean square values are then analysed using RSM.The relationship between response and operating factors has been established by developing a second order,non-linear mathematical model.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)has been performed for verification of the developed mathematical models.Results obtained from the analysis show that the unbalance weight and speed are most significant operating conditions that contribute the most to the effect the unbalance has on the rotating spindle.展开更多
The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin（BSA）,e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell（FDC） solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design（QbD）approach.Traditional...The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin（BSA）,e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell（FDC） solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design（QbD）approach.Traditional precipitation of BSA by adding an equal volume of organic solvent,often successfully used with conventional HPLC-PDA,was found insufficiently robust when novel fused-core HPLC and/or UPLC-MS methods were used.In this study,three factors（acetonitrile（%）.formic acid（%） and boiling time（min）） were included in the experimental design to determine an optimal and more suitable sample treatment of BSAcontaining FDC solutions.Using a QbD and Derringer desirability（D） approach,combining BSA loss,dilution factor and variability,we constructed an optimal working space with the edge of failure defined as D〈0.9.The design space is modelled and is confirmed to have an ACN range of 83 ± 3% and FA content of 1 ±0.25%.展开更多
In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization...In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization and modification of complexity structure without going back to CAD for reconstruction of geometric models or to finite element analysis（ FEA） for remodeling. Design of experiments（ DOE） and response surface method（ RSM） are applied to approximate the constitutive parameters of a machine gun system based on experimental tests. Further FEA,secondary development technique and genetic algorithm（ GA） are introduced to find all the optimal solutions in one go and the optimal design of the demonstrated machine gun system is obtained. Results of the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis and exterior ballistics calculation validate the proposed methodology,which is relatively time-saving,reliable and has the potential to solve similar problems.展开更多
Raw water from the Yantian Reservoir in Southern China was used for this study. Several process parameters of biofiltration, temperature, media, empty bed contact time, ozone dosage and concentration of geosmin and MI...Raw water from the Yantian Reservoir in Southern China was used for this study. Several process parameters of biofiltration, temperature, media, empty bed contact time, ozone dosage and concentration of geosmin and MIB, were adopted in order to determine their effects. Experiments were conducted using the Taguchi method and 9 experiments were needed to obtain the best process parameter settings and parameter effects. The results of these experiments indicate the use of biological filtration as a method of geosmin and MIB removal, to be satisfactory. In addition, the results show that temperature impacts the removal rate of both geosmin and MIB. Useful insights into the effects of the filter media on such as, empty bed contact time, ozone dosage and concentration of geosmin and MIB were also obtained.展开更多
This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization a...This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.Specifically,the study employs the firefly algorithm(FA),a metaheuristic optimization technique,to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions.The experimental methodology involves several key steps:screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation,central composite design(CCD)experiments to further explore these factors,and response surface methodology(RSM)to create predictive models for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge.The FA algorithm is then applied to optimize these models,and the results are validated through simulation and empirical experiments.The study validates the optimized parameters through simulation and empirical experiments,comparing results with DEM simulation.The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the FA algorithm in identifying optimal bucket parameters,showcasing less than 10%and 15%deviation for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge,respectively,between predicted and actual values.Overall,this research provides insights into the critical factors influencing bucket elevator operation and offers a systematic methodology for optimizing bucket parameters,contributing to more efficient material handling in various industrial applications.展开更多
As serious but neglected public health problems, poor quality medicines, i.e. for antimalarial medicines, urged to be fought. One of the approaches is to consider the analytical chemistry and separative techniques. In...As serious but neglected public health problems, poor quality medicines, i.e. for antimalarial medicines, urged to be fought. One of the approaches is to consider the analytical chemistry and separative techniques. In this study, a generic liquid chromatographic method was firstly developed for the purpose of screening 8 antimalarial active ingredients, namely amodiaquine (AQ), piperaquine (PPQ), sulfalene (SL), pyrimethamine (PM), lumefantrine (LF), artesunate (AS), artemether (AM) and dihydroartemisinine (DHA) by applying DoE/DS optimization strategy. Since the method was not totally satisfying in terms of peak separation, further experiments were undergone applying the same development strategy while splitting the 8 ingredients into five groups. Excellent prediction was observed prior to correlation between retention times of predicted and observed separation conditions. Then, a successful geometric transfer was realized to reduce the analysis time focusing on the simultaneous quantification of two WHO’s recommended ACTs in anti-malarial fixed-dose combination (AM-LF and AS-AQ) in tablets. The optimal separation was achieved using an isocratic elution of methanol-ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.8;10 mM) (82.5:17.5, v/v) at 0.6 ml/min through a C18 column (100 mm × 3.5 mm, 3.5 μm) thermostated at 25℃. After a successful validation stage based on the total error approach, the method was applied to determine the content of AM/LF or AS/AQ in seven brands of antimalarial tablets currently marketed in West, Central and East Africa. Satisfying results were obtained compared to the claimed contents.展开更多
Due to operational or physical considerations, standard factorial and response surface method （RSM） design of experiments （DOE） often prove to be unsuitable. In such cases a computer-generated statistically-optima...Due to operational or physical considerations, standard factorial and response surface method （RSM） design of experiments （DOE） often prove to be unsuitable. In such cases a computer-generated statistically-optimal design fills the breech. This article explores vital mathematical properties for evaluating alternative designs with a focus on what is really important for industrial experimenters. To assess ＂goodness of design＂ such evaluations must consider the model choice, specific optimality criteria （in particular D and I）, precision of estimation based on the fraction of design space （FDS）, the number of runs to achieve required precision, lack-of-fit testing, and so forth. With a focus on RSM, all these issues are considered at a practical level, keeping engineers and scientists in mind. This brings to the forefront such considerations as subject-matter knowledge from first principles and experience, factor choice and the feasibility of the experiment design.展开更多
A more efficient method of locating the optimum of a second order response function was of interest in this work. In order to do this, the principles of optimal designs of experiment is invoked and used for this purpo...A more efficient method of locating the optimum of a second order response function was of interest in this work. In order to do this, the principles of optimal designs of experiment is invoked and used for this purpose. At the end, it was discovered that the noticeable pitfall in response surface methodology (RSM) was circumvented by this method as the step length was obtained by taking the derivative of the response function rather than doing so by intuition or trial and error as is the case in RSM. A numerical illustration shows that this method is suitable for obtaining the desired optimizer in just one move which compares favourably with other known methods such as Newton-Raphson method which requires more than one iteration to reach the optimizer.展开更多
文摘In the modern era of manufacturing, it is important to optimize every design parameter in product development stage to reduce cost, material usage and to achieve the desired efficacy level. There are various models which serve those purposes, for instance, Design of Experiment (DoE) is used to check the parameters after adopting optimization tactics which results in reduced cost or saving operating time. In this regard, this research aims to construct a DoE model on a portable workstation to optimize its design parameters. The methodology of DOE would be a 2 level 3 factors full factorial DOE which is conducted to determine the optimal value for three design parameters (factors) which are material density, the length of the table and the length of the table stand in terms of the response which is the required time of fold ability function of the portable workstation. Based upon the evaluated interactions between the parameters, the optimized parameters are chosen for responses. Here, the resultant design parameters are at their lowest level, so the goal of time efficiency in fold ability function is achieved. This similar sort of DoE can be implemented in the furniture and other manufacturing industries who wish to optimize their material usage as well as increase efficiency and reduce cycle time.
文摘DOE （design of experiments） is a systematic, rigorous approach to engineering problem-solving that applies principles and techniques at the data collection stage so as to ensure the generation of valid, defensible, and supportable engineering conclusions. This paper presents a comparison of three different experimental designs （full experimental design, fractional design and Taguchi design） aimed at studying the effects of cutting parameters variations on surface finish. The results revealed that the effects obtained by analyzing both fractional and Taguchi designs were comparable to the main effects and two-level interactions obtained by the full factorial design. Thus, we conclude that full factorial design appear to be reliable and more economical since they permit to reduce by a factor the amount of time and effort required to conduct the experimental design without losing valuable information. Thus, we conclude that full factorial design appear to be reliable and more economical and without losing valuable information.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51575393)
文摘Automotive torque converters have recently been designed with an increasingly narrower profile for the purpose of achieving a smaller axial size and reducing weight. Design of experiment(DOE) and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) techniques are applied to improve the performance of a flat torque converter. Four torque converters with different flatness ratios(0.204, 0.186, 0.172, and 0.158) are designed and simulated first to investigate the effects of flatness ratio on their overall performance, including efficiency, torque ratio, and impeller torque factor. The simulation results show that the overall performance tends to deteriorate as the flatness ratio decreases. Then a parametric study covering six geometric parameters, namely, inlet and outlet angles of impeller, turbine, and stator is carried out. The results demonstrate that the inlet and outlet angles play an important role in determining the performance characteristics of a torque converter. Furthermore, the relative importance of the six design parameters is investigated using DOE method for each response(stall torque ratio and peak efficiency). The turbine outlet angle is found to exert the greatest influence on both responses. After DOE analysis, an optimized design for the flat torque converter geometry is obtained. Compared to the conventional product, the width of the optimized flat torque converter torus is reduced by about 20% while the values of stall torque ratio and peak efficiency are only decreased by 0.4% and 1.7%, respectively.The proposed new optimization strategy based on DOE method together with desirability function approach can be used for performance enhancement in the design process of flat torque converters.
文摘Due to the complex chemical composition of nickel ores, the requests for the decrease of production costs, and the increase of nickel extraction in the existing depletion of high-grade sulfide ores around the world, computer modeling of nickel ore leaching process be- came a need and a challenge. In this paper, the design of experiments （DOE） theory was used to determine the optimal experimental design plan matrix based on the D optimality criterion. In the high-pressure sulfuric acid leaching （HPSAL） process for nickel laterite in ＂Rudjinci＂ ore in Serbia, the temperature, the sulfuric acid to ore ratio, the stirring speed, and the leaching time as the predictor variables, and the degree of nickel extraction as the response have been considered. To model the process, the multiple linear regression （MLR） and response surface method （RSM）, together with the two-level and four-factor full factorial central composite design （CCD） plan, were used. The proposed re- gression models have not been proven adequate. Therefore, the artificial neural network （ANN） approach with the same experimental plan was used in order to reduce operational costs, give a better modeling accuracy, and provide a more successful process optimization. The model is based on the multi-layer neural networks with the back-propagation （BP） learning algorithm and the bipolar sigmoid activation function.
文摘Identification of process parameters,their effects and contributions to the outcomes of the system using experimental approach could be a daunting,time consuming,and costly course.Using proper statistical methods,i.e.,Taguchi method,could significantly reduce the number of required experiments and statistical significance of the parameter can be identified.Friction stir welding is one of those welding techniques with many parameters which have different effects on the quality of the welds.In friction stir welding the tool rotational speed(RPM)and transverse speed(mm/min)influence the strength(i.e.,hardness distribution)of the stirred zone.In this study,these two factors are investigated to determine the effect they will have on the hardness in the stirred zone of the friction stir welds and how the two factors are related to one another for as-cast magnesium alloy AM60 with nominal chemical composition of Mg-(5.5-6.5)Al-(0.24-0.6)Mn-0.22Zn-0.1Si.Experimental data was taken at three different tool rotational speeds and three different transverse speeds.The data obtained was then analyzed using a 32 factorial design to find the contribution of these parameters.It was determined that both tool rotational speed and transverse speed possess significant effects on the stir zone hardness.Also,the interactions between the two factors were statistically assessed.
基金financially supported by Talents Project of Liaoning Province, China (LR2013047)
文摘Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. The application of QbD in drug formulation and process design is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper,the basic knowledge of QbD, the elements of QbD, steps and tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology(PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the concrete applications of QbD in various pharmaceutical related unit operations are summarized and presented.
文摘Quality by Test (Qb T) was the only way to guarantee the quality of drug products before FDA launches current Good Manufacturing Practice (c GMP)[1], which is an approach without clear understanding of the processes. In order to solve this problem,FDA generalized Quality by Design (QbD) in the field of pharmacy (2)In pharmaceutical industry, Qb D brings cost-efficiency and simplicity of manufacturing process into reality.
文摘Lattice structures are three-dimensional structures composed of repeated geometrical shapes with multiple interconnected nodes,providing high strength-to-weight ratios,customizable properties,and efficient use of materials.A smart use of materials leads to reduced fuel consumption and lower operating costs,making them highly desirable for aircraft manufacturers.Furthermore,the customizable properties of lattice structures allow for tailoring to specific design requirements,leading to improved performance and safety for aircraft.These advantages make lattice structures an important focus for research and development in the aviation industry.This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the mechanical compression properties of lattice trusses made with Ti6Al4V,designed for use in an anti-ice system.The truss structures were manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques and tested under compressive loads to determine mechanical properties.Results showed that lattice trusses exhibited high levels of compressive strength,making them suitable for use in applications where mechanical resistance and durability are critical,such as in anti-ice systems.We also highlight the potential of additive manufacturing techniques for the fabrication of lattice trusses with tailored mechanical properties.The study provides valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of Ti6Al4V lattice trusses and their potential applications in anti-ice systems,as well as other areas where high strength-to-weight ratios are required.The results of this research contribute to the development of lightweight,efficient,and durable anti-ice systems for use in aviation and other industries.
文摘Wide range of rotating machinery contains an inherent amount of unbalance which leads to increase in the vibration level and related faults.In this work,the effect of different operating conditions viz.the unbalanced weight,radius,speed and position of the rotor disc on the unbalance in rotating machine are studied experimentally and analyzed by using Response Surface Methodology(RSM).RSM is a technique which consists of mathematical and statistical methods to develop the relationship between the inputs and outputs of a system by distinct functions.L27 Orthogonal Array(OA)was developed by using Design of Experiments(DOE)according to which experimentation has been carried out.Three accelerometer sensors were mounted to record the vibration responses(accelerations)in radially vertical,horizontal and axial directions.The responses recorded as root mean square values are then analysed using RSM.The relationship between response and operating factors has been established by developing a second order,non-linear mathematical model.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)has been performed for verification of the developed mathematical models.Results obtained from the analysis show that the unbalance weight and speed are most significant operating conditions that contribute the most to the effect the unbalance has on the rotating spindle.
基金the Special Research Fund of Ghent University(BOF 01D23812 to Lien Taevernier and BOF O1J22510 to Evelien Wynendaele and Professor Bart De Spiegeleer)the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders(IWT 101529 to Matthias D'Hondt)for their financial funding
文摘The sample preparation of samples conlaining bovine serum albumin（BSA）,e.g..as used in transdermal Franz diffusion cell（FDC） solutions,was evaluated using an analytical qualily-by-design（QbD）approach.Traditional precipitation of BSA by adding an equal volume of organic solvent,often successfully used with conventional HPLC-PDA,was found insufficiently robust when novel fused-core HPLC and/or UPLC-MS methods were used.In this study,three factors（acetonitrile（%）.formic acid（%） and boiling time（min）） were included in the experimental design to determine an optimal and more suitable sample treatment of BSAcontaining FDC solutions.Using a QbD and Derringer desirability（D） approach,combining BSA loss,dilution factor and variability,we constructed an optimal working space with the edge of failure defined as D〈0.9.The design space is modelled and is confirmed to have an ACN range of 83 ± 3% and FA content of 1 ±0.25%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51376090,51676099)
文摘In this paper,size and shape optimization problem of a machine gun system is addressed with an efficient hybrid method,in which a novel and flexible mesh morphing technique is employed to achieve fast parameterization and modification of complexity structure without going back to CAD for reconstruction of geometric models or to finite element analysis（ FEA） for remodeling. Design of experiments（ DOE） and response surface method（ RSM） are applied to approximate the constitutive parameters of a machine gun system based on experimental tests. Further FEA,secondary development technique and genetic algorithm（ GA） are introduced to find all the optimal solutions in one go and the optimal design of the demonstrated machine gun system is obtained. Results of the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic analysis and exterior ballistics calculation validate the proposed methodology,which is relatively time-saving,reliable and has the potential to solve similar problems.
文摘Raw water from the Yantian Reservoir in Southern China was used for this study. Several process parameters of biofiltration, temperature, media, empty bed contact time, ozone dosage and concentration of geosmin and MIB, were adopted in order to determine their effects. Experiments were conducted using the Taguchi method and 9 experiments were needed to obtain the best process parameter settings and parameter effects. The results of these experiments indicate the use of biological filtration as a method of geosmin and MIB removal, to be satisfactory. In addition, the results show that temperature impacts the removal rate of both geosmin and MIB. Useful insights into the effects of the filter media on such as, empty bed contact time, ozone dosage and concentration of geosmin and MIB were also obtained.
基金This research was funded by the Faculty of Engineering,King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok.Contract No.ENG-NEW-66-39.
文摘This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.Specifically,the study employs the firefly algorithm(FA),a metaheuristic optimization technique,to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions.The experimental methodology involves several key steps:screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation,central composite design(CCD)experiments to further explore these factors,and response surface methodology(RSM)to create predictive models for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge.The FA algorithm is then applied to optimize these models,and the results are validated through simulation and empirical experiments.The study validates the optimized parameters through simulation and empirical experiments,comparing results with DEM simulation.The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the FA algorithm in identifying optimal bucket parameters,showcasing less than 10%and 15%deviation for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge,respectively,between predicted and actual values.Overall,this research provides insights into the critical factors influencing bucket elevator operation and offers a systematic methodology for optimizing bucket parameters,contributing to more efficient material handling in various industrial applications.
文摘As serious but neglected public health problems, poor quality medicines, i.e. for antimalarial medicines, urged to be fought. One of the approaches is to consider the analytical chemistry and separative techniques. In this study, a generic liquid chromatographic method was firstly developed for the purpose of screening 8 antimalarial active ingredients, namely amodiaquine (AQ), piperaquine (PPQ), sulfalene (SL), pyrimethamine (PM), lumefantrine (LF), artesunate (AS), artemether (AM) and dihydroartemisinine (DHA) by applying DoE/DS optimization strategy. Since the method was not totally satisfying in terms of peak separation, further experiments were undergone applying the same development strategy while splitting the 8 ingredients into five groups. Excellent prediction was observed prior to correlation between retention times of predicted and observed separation conditions. Then, a successful geometric transfer was realized to reduce the analysis time focusing on the simultaneous quantification of two WHO’s recommended ACTs in anti-malarial fixed-dose combination (AM-LF and AS-AQ) in tablets. The optimal separation was achieved using an isocratic elution of methanol-ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.8;10 mM) (82.5:17.5, v/v) at 0.6 ml/min through a C18 column (100 mm × 3.5 mm, 3.5 μm) thermostated at 25℃. After a successful validation stage based on the total error approach, the method was applied to determine the content of AM/LF or AS/AQ in seven brands of antimalarial tablets currently marketed in West, Central and East Africa. Satisfying results were obtained compared to the claimed contents.
文摘Due to operational or physical considerations, standard factorial and response surface method （RSM） design of experiments （DOE） often prove to be unsuitable. In such cases a computer-generated statistically-optimal design fills the breech. This article explores vital mathematical properties for evaluating alternative designs with a focus on what is really important for industrial experimenters. To assess ＂goodness of design＂ such evaluations must consider the model choice, specific optimality criteria （in particular D and I）, precision of estimation based on the fraction of design space （FDS）, the number of runs to achieve required precision, lack-of-fit testing, and so forth. With a focus on RSM, all these issues are considered at a practical level, keeping engineers and scientists in mind. This brings to the forefront such considerations as subject-matter knowledge from first principles and experience, factor choice and the feasibility of the experiment design.
文摘A more efficient method of locating the optimum of a second order response function was of interest in this work. In order to do this, the principles of optimal designs of experiment is invoked and used for this purpose. At the end, it was discovered that the noticeable pitfall in response surface methodology (RSM) was circumvented by this method as the step length was obtained by taking the derivative of the response function rather than doing so by intuition or trial and error as is the case in RSM. A numerical illustration shows that this method is suitable for obtaining the desired optimizer in just one move which compares favourably with other known methods such as Newton-Raphson method which requires more than one iteration to reach the optimizer.
