Glutamate decarboxylase （GAD） has been found in animal and higher plant tissues as well as in yeasts and microorganisms. In animals the enzyme plays an important role in central nervous system activity because the e...Glutamate decarboxylase （GAD） has been found in animal and higher plant tissues as well as in yeasts and microorganisms. In animals the enzyme plays an important role in central nervous system activity because the enzyme substrate glutamic acid is a mediator of excitation process and the product, gamma-aminobutyric acid, is the most important mediator of inhibition process in the central nervous system. GAD65 is one form of the glutamate decarboxylases （GAD）, GAD65 has been identified as a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, so the GAD65 gene of porcine was cloned by RT-PCR method to construct phylogenetic tree, the homology of 13 glutamate decarboxylases （GAD） of different origin was analyzed by multiple alignment.展开更多
Casbene and neocembrene are casbene-type macrocyclic diterpenes;their derivatives play significant roles in plant defense and have pharmaceutical applications.We had previously characterized a casbene synthase,TERPENE...Casbene and neocembrene are casbene-type macrocyclic diterpenes;their derivatives play significant roles in plant defense and have pharmaceutical applications.We had previously characterized a casbene synthase,TERPENE SYNTHASE 28(OsTPS28),in rice(Oryza sativa).However,the mechanism of neocembrene biosynthesis in rice remained unclear.In this study,we identified two genes of the TPS-a1 subfamily,OsTPS2 and OsTPS10,encoding a neocembrene synthase and sesquiterpene synthase,respectively,as supported by enzyme activity assays and determination of subcellular localization.Metabolic profiling of rice lines overexpressing either TPS confirmed the catalytic functions of OsTPS2 and OsTPS10,and suggested that OsTPS10 enhances resistance to rice bacterial blight.An evolutionary analysis revealed that OsTPS10 is conserved in monocots and first appeared in wild rice,whereas OsTPS2 and OsTPS28 sequentially evolved through gene duplication,transit peptide recruitment,and mutation of key amino acids such as H362R.In summary,this study not only deepens our understanding of the metabolic pathways and evolutionary history governing the biosynthesis of casbene-type diterpenoids in rice,representing parallel and divergent evolution within the gene family,and offers gene resources for the improvement of rice.展开更多
基金Supported in part by Heilongjiang Province Tackle Key Problem Item (GB01B104)
文摘Glutamate decarboxylase （GAD） has been found in animal and higher plant tissues as well as in yeasts and microorganisms. In animals the enzyme plays an important role in central nervous system activity because the enzyme substrate glutamic acid is a mediator of excitation process and the product, gamma-aminobutyric acid, is the most important mediator of inhibition process in the central nervous system. GAD65 is one form of the glutamate decarboxylases （GAD）, GAD65 has been identified as a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, so the GAD65 gene of porcine was cloned by RT-PCR method to construct phylogenetic tree, the homology of 13 glutamate decarboxylases （GAD） of different origin was analyzed by multiple alignment.
基金Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-06)the key project of the regional joint fund of National Natural Science Foundation(U22A20476)+4 种基金the Project of National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding(NO.PT2400008492)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100318)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(323MS019,324QN209 and 321QN184)the Hainan University Startup Fund(KYQD(ZR)1866)Yazhouwan National Laboratory Team Research Funding.
文摘Casbene and neocembrene are casbene-type macrocyclic diterpenes;their derivatives play significant roles in plant defense and have pharmaceutical applications.We had previously characterized a casbene synthase,TERPENE SYNTHASE 28(OsTPS28),in rice(Oryza sativa).However,the mechanism of neocembrene biosynthesis in rice remained unclear.In this study,we identified two genes of the TPS-a1 subfamily,OsTPS2 and OsTPS10,encoding a neocembrene synthase and sesquiterpene synthase,respectively,as supported by enzyme activity assays and determination of subcellular localization.Metabolic profiling of rice lines overexpressing either TPS confirmed the catalytic functions of OsTPS2 and OsTPS10,and suggested that OsTPS10 enhances resistance to rice bacterial blight.An evolutionary analysis revealed that OsTPS10 is conserved in monocots and first appeared in wild rice,whereas OsTPS2 and OsTPS28 sequentially evolved through gene duplication,transit peptide recruitment,and mutation of key amino acids such as H362R.In summary,this study not only deepens our understanding of the metabolic pathways and evolutionary history governing the biosynthesis of casbene-type diterpenoids in rice,representing parallel and divergent evolution within the gene family,and offers gene resources for the improvement of rice.
