AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of simultaneous horizontal and vertical operations on dissociated vertical deviation(DVD) associated with other deviations.METHODS: Forty-five cases of DVD with horizontal a...AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of simultaneous horizontal and vertical operations on dissociated vertical deviation(DVD) associated with other deviations.METHODS: Forty-five cases of DVD with horizontal and torsional strabismus underwent combined operation were collected retrospectively. All clinical records were analyzed. All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 mo. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was performed to evaluate the changes of vertical and horizontal deviation. χ~2 test was used to evaluate the changes of binocular visual function. RESULTS: Forty-five cases included 36 patients with intermittent exotropia and binocular inferior oblique overaction(IOOA), 5 patients with concomitant esotropia and binocular IOOA, 4 patients with intermittent exotropia and monocular superior oblique palsy. The superior rectus recession(SRR) combined with horizontal rectus recession and the myectomy of inferior oblique or anterior transposition were operated simultaneously to correct all types of strabismus. There were 43 cases who achieved normal eye position in vertical direction, while 2 cases were with undercorrection of 5~Δ to 6~Δ. In patients with horizontal strabismus, 2 cases of exotropia were with overcorrection of 6~Δ to 8~Δ, 1 case of esotropia was with undercorrection of 6~Δ, and 1 case of monocular superior oblique palsy with compensatory head posture was not significantly improved. The binocular visual function of most patients recovered after operation. The difference of the binocular visual function and eye position were significant compared with that before operation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The simultaneous operation on DVD with horizontal and torsional strabismus is successful.展开更多
The high temperature gas occurs behind shock or near the wall surface of vehicle in the hypersonic flight. As the temperature exceeds 2 000 K, 4 000 K, respectively, O2 and N2 molecules are successively dissociated. B...The high temperature gas occurs behind shock or near the wall surface of vehicle in the hypersonic flight. As the temperature exceeds 2 000 K, 4 000 K, respectively, O2 and N2 molecules are successively dissociated. Because of variable components at dif- ferent temperatures and pressures, the dissociated air is no longer a perfect gas, In this paper, a new method is developed to calculate accurate thermal physical parameters with the dissociation degree providing the thermochemical equilibrium procedure. Based on the dissociation degree, it is concluded that few numbers of equations and the solutions are easily obtained. In addition, a set of formulas relating the parameter to the dissociation degree are set up four-species, O2 molecule The thermodynamic properties of dissociated air containing and N2 molecule, O atom and N atom, are studied with the new method, and the results are consistent with those with the traditional equilibrium constant method. It is shown that this method is reliable for solving thermal physical parameters easily and directly.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inferior oblique anterior transposition(IOAT)has emerged as an effective surgery in the management of dissociated vertical deviation(DVD)combined with superior oblique palsy(SOP).Traditional IOAT usually pr...BACKGROUND Inferior oblique anterior transposition(IOAT)has emerged as an effective surgery in the management of dissociated vertical deviation(DVD)combined with superior oblique palsy(SOP).Traditional IOAT usually provides satisfactory primary position alignment and simultaneously restricts the superior floating phenomenon.However,it also increases the risk of the anti-elevation syndrome and narrowing of the palpebral fissure in straight-ahead gaze,especially after the unilateral operation.CASE SUMMARY We report the outcomes of the modified unilateral IOAT in two patients with unilateral DVD combined with SOP.The anterior-nasal fibers of the inferior oblique muscle were attached at 9 mm posterior to the corneal limbus along the temporal board of the inferior rectus muscle,the other fibers were attached a further 5 mm temporal to the anterior-nasal fibers.Postoperatively,both hypertropia and floating were improved,and no obvious complications occurred.CONCLUSION In these cases,the modified unilateral IOAT was an effective and safe surgical method for treating DVD with SOP.展开更多
The extended core structure of the dissociated edge dislocation in Al, Au, Ag, Cu and Ni is determined within lattice theory of dislocation. The 2D dislocation equation governing the displacements is coupled by the re...The extended core structure of the dissociated edge dislocation in Al, Au, Ag, Cu and Ni is determined within lattice theory of dislocation. The 2D dislocation equation governing the displacements is coupled by the restoring forces that are determined by the parameterization of the generalized stacking fault energies. The Ritz variational method is presented to solve the dislocation equation and the trial solution is constituted by two arctan-type functions with two undetermined parameters. The core widths of partial dislocations are wider than that obtained in generalized Peierls-Nabarro model due to the consideration of discreteness of crystal.展开更多
Classically, ion channels are classified into 2 groups: chemical-sensitive (ligand-gated) and voltage-sensitive channels. Single ATP-sensitive K+ (K-ATP) channel currents were recorded in acutely dissociated rat neo-c...Classically, ion channels are classified into 2 groups: chemical-sensitive (ligand-gated) and voltage-sensitive channels. Single ATP-sensitive K+ (K-ATP) channel currents were recorded in acutely dissociated rat neo-cortical neurons using patch clamp technique. A type of K-ATP channel has been found to be gated not only by intra-cellular ATP, but also by membrane potential ( Vm) , and proved to be a novel mechanism underlying the gating of ion channels, namely bi-gating mechanism. The results also show that the K-ATP channels possess heterogeneity and di-versity. These types of K-ATP channels have been identified in 40.12% of all patches, which are different in activa-tion-threshold and voltage-sensitivity. The present experiment studied the type-3 K-ATP channel with a unitary con-ductance of about 80 pS in detail ( n = 15). Taking account of all the available data, a variety of K-ATP channels are suggested to exist in body, and one type of them is bi-gated by both chemical substances and membrane potentials. This property of the K-ATP channels may be related to their pathophysiblogical function.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to compare cell growth characteristics,ciliated cell differentiation,and function of human nasal epithelial cells established as explant outgrowth cultures or dissociated tissue cultures....The purpose of this study was to compare cell growth characteristics,ciliated cell differentiation,and function of human nasal epithelial cells established as explant outgrowth cultures or dissociated tissue cultures.Human nasal mucosa of the uncinate process was obtained by endoscopy and epithelial cell cultures were established by explant outgrowth or dissociated tissue culture methods.Epithelial cell growth characteristics were observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy.Ciliated cell differentiation was detected byβ-tubulin IV and ZO-1 immunocytochemistry.Basal and ATP-stimulated ciliary beat frequency(CBF)was measured using a high-speed digital microscopic imaging system.Both the explant and dissociated tissue cultures established as monolayers with tight junctions and differentiated cell composition,with both types of cultures comprising ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells.Fibroblasts were also frequently found in explant cultures but rarely seen in dissociated tissue cultures.In both culture systems,the highest ciliated cell density appeared at 7th–10th culture day and declined with time,with the lifespan of ciliated cells ranging from 14 to 21 days.Overall,10%of the cells in explant cultures and 20%of the cells in the dissociated tissue cultures were ciliated.These two cultures demonstrated similar ciliary beat frequency values at baseline(7.78±1.99 Hz and 7.91±2.52 Hz,respectively)and reacted equivalently following stimulation with 100μM ATP.The results of this study indicate that both the explant outgrowth and dissociated tissue culture techniques are suitable for growing well-differentiated nasal ciliated and non-ciliated cells,which have growth characteristics and ciliary activity similar to those of nasal epithelial cells in vivo.展开更多
Hydrolysis of ammonia borane is deemed as a promising technique for robust hydrogen production,yet its deployment is still restricted due to the sluggish kinetics of the water dissociation step.An appropriate catalyst...Hydrolysis of ammonia borane is deemed as a promising technique for robust hydrogen production,yet its deployment is still restricted due to the sluggish kinetics of the water dissociation step.An appropriate catalyst that can effectively reduce the H_(2)O dissociation barrier is quite desirable for sustainable ammonia borane-to-hydrogen conversion.Herein,an amino pre-coordination confinement strategy is profiled to achieve sub-2 nm ordered PtCo intermetallics uniformly on N-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres(O-PtCo/NHMS)for ammonia borane catalytic hydrolysis.Such a confined approach showcases the capacity of preventing nanoparticles from agglomeration and growth for accurate size control and can be extended to other ordered intermetallic systems(e.g.PtFe and PtCu).As for the ammonia borane hydrolysis,the ordered PtCo intermetallics have delivered a five times higher turnover frequency activity of 1264.1 min^(-1) than that of the disordered PtCo catalyst,together with excellent catalytic durability.Mechanism studies indicate that the ordered PtCo structure promotes the balanced adsorption of H_(2)O and ammonia borane molecules at Co and Pt sites and reduces the energy barrier for the rate-determining H_(2)O dissociation step to boost the ammonia borane hydrolysis.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of efficient ordered PtM intermetallic catalysts and expands their application in hydrogen production via ammonia borane hydrolysis.展开更多
Electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol for value-added chemicals is a superior strategy to utilize the excess glycerol produced in the biodiesel industry.Pd is one of the few active catalysts for alkaline glycerol oxi...Electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol for value-added chemicals is a superior strategy to utilize the excess glycerol produced in the biodiesel industry.Pd is one of the few active catalysts for alkaline glycerol oxidation reaction(GOR);however,glycerol inevitably dissociates and converts to carbon dioxide on the Pd surface,which results in its low total Faradaic efficiency(FE)for high-value-added products.Herein,a series of Pd/C and Pd10Bix/C catalysts were synthesized to investigate the GOR pathway.The Pd10Bi3/C catalyst with optimal Bi content achieved an excellent GOR mass activity of 7.5±0.2 A mgPd−1 and an outstanding total FE of 90%±3%,which are much higher than those values on Pd/C(1.2±0.2 A mgPd−1 for mass activity and 63%±4%for total FE).Combined results of in-situ attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations show that Bi suppresses the dissociation of glycerol through the“shielding effect”of Bi to the adjacent Pd sites,which weakens the adsorption strength of GOR intermediates on those sites.This work provides a new insight into the GOR mechanism and puts forward a valid strategy for the rational design of catalysts to enable the transformation of glycerol into high-value-added products.展开更多
Regulating the critical process of proton migration from water dissociation for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a challenge.Herein,we propose an electrostatic attraction strategy to achieve t...Regulating the critical process of proton migration from water dissociation for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a challenge.Herein,we propose an electrostatic attraction strategy to achieve the migration of a highly efficient hydrogen species to Pt sites over Pt/Co@NC,which is obtained through a facile calcination and electrodeposition method.It exhibits an outstanding geometric activity(η_(10)=31 m V),which surpasses the commercial 20 wt%Pt/C(η_(10)=37 mV).Moreover,the mass activity of Pt/Co@NC is 5.6 A mg_(Pt)^(-1) at-50 mV vs.RHE,which is 2.23 times higher than that of 20 wt%Pt/C.Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the work function of the outer carbon layer,which is changed by the introduction of the inner cobalt core,plays a crucial role in reversing the direction of electron migration between the carbon layer and Pt.The negatively charged Pt^(δ-)can spontaneously attract positively charged protons via the electrostatic interaction effect,thereby achieving the directional migration of hydrogen species.This work presents a strategy for designing advanced alkaline HER electrocatalysts by the electrostatic effect.展开更多
The accumulation and circulation of carbon and hydrogen contribute to the chemical evolution of ice giant planets.Species separation and diamond precipitation have been reported in carbon-hydrogen systems and have bee...The accumulation and circulation of carbon and hydrogen contribute to the chemical evolution of ice giant planets.Species separation and diamond precipitation have been reported in carbon-hydrogen systems and have been verified by static and shock compression experiments.Nevertheless,the dynamic formation processes underlying these phenomena remain insufficiently understood.In combination with a deep learning model,we demonstrate that diamonds form through a three-step process involving dissociation,species separation,and nucleation processes.Under shock conditions of 125 GPa and 4590 K,hydrocarbons decompose to give hydrogen and low-molecular-weight alkanes(CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(6)),which escape from the carbon chains,resulting in C/H species separation.The remaining carbon atoms without C-H bonds accumulate and nucleate to form diamond crystals.The process of diamond growth is associated with a critical nucleus size at which the dynamic energy barrier plays a key role.These dynamic processes of diamond formation provide insight into the establishment of a model for the evolution of ice giant planets.展开更多
Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent meta...Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent metal hydroxides deposition and boost the hydrogen evolution reaction by adding a chelating agent,EDTA-Na_(4),that chelates with Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+),thus inhibiting their deposition and gathering them near the cathode surface,resulting in breaking the ordered hydrogen bond networks of interfacial water and reducing the activation energy of water dissociation.Furthermore,hydrolysis of–COO^(-) also promoted water dissociation to produce more active*H and*OH near the electrode surface that in turn serves as a diffusion medium for*OH,accelerating mass transfer and enabling seawater electrolysis to exhibit a stable performance,which operates continuously at 100 mA cm^(-2)@2.20 V and 200 mA cm^(-2)@2.58 V for 400 h in the symmetric electrolyzer and 500 mA cm^(-2)@2.29 V for over 500 h in the asymmetric electrolyzer.This study provides a new perspective to address the issues of stable and scalable direct seawater electrolysis for practical green hydrogen production.展开更多
Radiotherapy is widely used in the management of advanced colorectal cancer(CRC).However,the clinical efficacy is limited by the safe irradiated dose.Sensitizing tumor cells to radiotherapy via interrupting DNA repair...Radiotherapy is widely used in the management of advanced colorectal cancer(CRC).However,the clinical efficacy is limited by the safe irradiated dose.Sensitizing tumor cells to radiotherapy via interrupting DNA repair is a promising approach to conquering the limitation.The BRCA1-BARD1 complex has been demonstrated to play a critical role in homologous recombination(HR)DSB repair,and its functions may be affected by HERC2 or BAP1.Accumulated evidence illustrates that the ubiquitination-deubiquitination balance is involved in these processes;however,the precise mechanism for the cross-talk among these proteins in HR repair following radiation hasn’t been defined.Through activity-based profiling,we identified PT33 as an active entity for HR repair suppression.Subsequently,we revealed that BAP1 serves as a novel molecular target of PT33 via a CRISPR-based deubiquitinase screen.Mechanistically,pharmacological covalent inhibition of BAP1 with PT33 recruits HERC2 to compete with BARD1 for BRCA1 interaction,interrupting HR repair.Consequently,PT33 treatment can substantially enhance the sensitivity of CRC cells to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo.Overall,these findings provide a mechanistic basis for PT33-induced HR suppression and may guide an effective strategy to improve therapeutic gain.展开更多
Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)are considered among the most promising candidates for solid-state batteries.However,their practical application is hindered by low ionic conductivity and a limited lithium-ion transf...Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)are considered among the most promising candidates for solid-state batteries.However,their practical application is hindered by low ionic conductivity and a limited lithium-ion transference number,primarily owing to the insufficient mobility of Li+.In this work,we design a heterojunc-tion nanoparticle composed of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)coupled with amorphous tita-nium oxide(TiO_(2)@Zn/Co–ZIF)as a filler to fabricate a composite solid-state electrolyte(PVZT).The amor-phous TiO_(2) coating facilitates salt dissociation through Lewis acid–base interactions with the anions of the lithium salt.Meanwhile,the Zn/Co–ZIF framework not only provides additional selective pathways for Li+transport but also effectively restricts anion migration through its confined pore size.The synergistic effect results in a high room-temperature ionic conductivity(8.8×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1))and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.47 for PVZT.A symmetrical cell using PVZT demonstrates stable Li+deposition/stripping for over 1100 h at a current density of 0.1 mA·cm^(-2).Additionally,a LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/Li full cell using PVZT retains 75.0%of its capacity after 1200 cycles at a 2 C rate.This work offers valuable insights into the design of func-tional fillers for CSEs with highly efficient ion transport.展开更多
Carbon nanotube formation exemplifies atomically precise self-assembly,where atomic interactions dynamically engineer nanoscale architectures with emergent properties that transcend classical material boundaries.Howev...Carbon nanotube formation exemplifies atomically precise self-assembly,where atomic interactions dynamically engineer nanoscale architectures with emergent properties that transcend classical material boundaries.However,elucidating the transient molecular intermediates remains a critical mechanistic frontier.This study investigates the atomic-scale nucleation process of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)from acetylene on iron(Fe)clusters,utilizing GFN(-x)TB-based nanoreactor molecular dynamics simulations.The simulations reveal a consistent nucleation pathway,regardless of iron cluster size(Fe_(13),Fe_(38),Fe_(55)),where the chemisorption and dissociation of acetylene molecules on the Fe clusters lead to the formation of C_(2)H and C_(2)intermediates.These species then undergo oligomerization,initiating the growth of carbon chains.As the chains cross-link and cyclize,five-membered carbon rings are preferentially formed,which eventually evolve into six-membered rings and more complex sp2-hybridized carbon networks,resembling the cap structures of nascent SWCNTs.Although the nucleation mechanism remains similar across all cluster sizes,larger clusters show enhanced catalytic activity,leading to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and more extensive carbocyclic networks due to their higher density of active sites per reacting molecule.Crucially,the study highlights the role of C_(2)H as the key active species in the carbon network formation process.These findings offer critical insights into the initial stages of SWCNT nucleation,contributing to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving SWCNT growth and guiding the development of optimized synthetic strategies.展开更多
For a simple graph G,let A(G)and D(G)be the adjacency matrix and the diagonal degree matrix of G,respectively.[Appl.Anal.Discrete Math.,2017,11(1):81-107]defined the matrix A_(α)(G)of G as A_(α)(G)=αD(G)(1-α)A(G)...For a simple graph G,let A(G)and D(G)be the adjacency matrix and the diagonal degree matrix of G,respectively.[Appl.Anal.Discrete Math.,2017,11(1):81-107]defined the matrix A_(α)(G)of G as A_(α)(G)=αD(G)(1-α)A(G),α∈[0,1].The Aa-spectral radius is the largest eigenvalue of A_(α)(G).Let G_(n,β) be the set graphs with order n and dissociation numberβ.In this paper,we identify the b with maximal A_(α)-spectral radius among all graphs in G_(n,β).展开更多
The dicarbon(C_(2))molecule is an important molecular species observed in many carbon-containing gaseous environments.The spectroscopic and dissociative studies of C_(2)have attracted great attention for a long time f...The dicarbon(C_(2))molecule is an important molecular species observed in many carbon-containing gaseous environments.The spectroscopic and dissociative studies of C_(2)have attracted great attention for a long time for understanding its electronic characters as well as the evolution and cycling of carbon in the universe.In this study,the lifetimes of C_(2)populated at the three high-lying electronic states of(2-4)^(3)Δ_(g) in the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)region have been experimentally measured using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and the VUV-pump-UV-probe photoionization scheme.The measurements showed that all the rovibronic levels in the 2(g)^(3)Δ_(g) state exhibit shorter lifetimes than the dynamical limit of the experimental method,consistent with the theoretically predicted radiative lifetimes.Dependence of the lifetime on the vibrational level was observed in the 3^(3)Δ_(g) state,and a marginal rotational dependence was noticed in the vʹ=1 vibrational level.For the 4^(3)Δ_(g) state,the rotationally resolved lifetimes in the vʹ=1 vibrational level were found to be slightly longer than those in the vʹ=0 and 2 vibrational levels.Such a complicated dependence of the lifetime on the rovibronic level makes further experimental and theoretical investigations highly desired for understanding the dynamics in the high-lying excited states of C_(2).展开更多
As antibiotic pollutants cannot be incompletely removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants,ultraviolet(UV)based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)such as UV/persulfate(UV/PS)and UV/chlorine are increasingly c...As antibiotic pollutants cannot be incompletely removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants,ultraviolet(UV)based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)such as UV/persulfate(UV/PS)and UV/chlorine are increasingly concerned for the effective removal of antibiotics from wastewaters.However,the specific mechanisms involving degradation kinetics and transformation mechanisms are not well elucidated.Here we report a detailed examination of SO_(4)•−/Cl•-mediated degradation kinetics,products,and toxicities of sulfathiazole(ST),sarafloxacin(SAR),and lomefloxacin(LOM)in the two processes.Both SO_(4)•−/Cl•-mediated transformation kinetics were found to be dependent on pH(P<0.05),which was attributed to the disparate reactivities of their individual dissociated forms.Based on competition kinetic experiments and matrix calculations,the cationic forms(H_(2)ST^(+),H_(2)SAR^(+),and H_(2)LOM^(+))were more highly reactive towards SO_(4)•−in most cases,while the neutral forms(e.g.,HSAR^(0)and HLOM^(0))reacted the fastest with Cl•for the most of the antibiotics tested.Based on the identification of 31 key intermediates using tandem mass spectrometry,these reactions generated different products,of which the majority still retained the core chemical structure of the parent compounds.The corresponding diverse transformation pathways were proposed,involving S−N breaking,hydroxylation,defluorination,and chlorination reactions.Furthermore,the toxicity changes of their reaction solutions as well as the toxicity of each intermediate were evaluated by the vibrio fischeri and ECOSAR model,respectively.Many primary by-products were proven to be more toxic than the parent chemicals,raising the wider issue of extended potency for these compounds with regards to their ecotoxicity.These results have implications for assessing the degradative fate and risk of these chemicals during the AOPs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Left colon cancer surgery relies on laparoscopic hemicolectomy,with digestive tract reconstruction critical.End-to-side anastomosis(ESA)and side-to-side anastomosis(SSA)anastomoses are common,but their comp...BACKGROUND Left colon cancer surgery relies on laparoscopic hemicolectomy,with digestive tract reconstruction critical.End-to-side anastomosis(ESA)and side-to-side anastomosis(SSA)anastomoses are common,but their comparative outcomes,especially in splenic flexure handling and efficacy,need clarification.This study compares ESA and SSA to guide surgical practice.AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of laparoscopically assisted left hemicolectomy with ESA and SSA.METHODS A total of 334 patients were included,with 105 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and 229 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,between January 1,2012,and May 31,2020.The patients were divided into two groups:146 cases in the ESA group and 188 cases in the SSA group.Clinical data from both groups were compared,and the survival prognosis was followed up.RESULTS The operation time for the ESA group was significantly shorter than that of the SSA group(197.1±57.7 minutes vs 218.6±67.5 minutes,χ2=4.298,P=0.039).There were no significant differences between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss,postoperative pain score at 48 hours,time to first bowel movement,number of lymph nodes dissected,or postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage,bleeding,stenosis.and adhesive intestinal obstruction at 6 months,12 months,and 24 months(P>0.05).Specifically,the incidence of complications like anastomotic leakage was 2.1%in the ESA group vs 4.3%in the SSA group(P=0.264).The 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)rate was 66.4%for the ESA group and 63.9%for the SSA group(P=0.693).There were no significant differences in the overall survival rate between the two groups.The incidence of splenic laceration was significantly higher in the SSA group(3.7%vs 0.7%,P=0.018).Overall,the 5-year DFS was 66.4%for ESA and 63.9%for SSA,with no significant difference in survival between the groups(P=0.693).CONCLUSION Both laparoscopically assisted left hemicolectomy with ESA and SSA are feasible and offer comparable long-term outcomes.ESA may reduce the need for splenic flexure dissociation,particularly when the tumor is located at the descending colon or its junction with the sigmoid colon,and especially in obese patients,elderly individuals with multiple complications,or those with severe adhesions in the splenic flexure of the surgical field.展开更多
Even if dissociation has various facets,it is clear that knowledge of dissociative psychosis and a dissociative schizophrenia-based viewpoint may provide new perspectives on mental disorders.Many researchers screening...Even if dissociation has various facets,it is clear that knowledge of dissociative psychosis and a dissociative schizophrenia-based viewpoint may provide new perspectives on mental disorders.Many researchers screening for comorbid symptoms of“childhood traumatic experiences”and“dissociation”,where specific characteristics are significant to the presence of psychosis and schizophrenia,may lead to an acceptable definition.In recent years,researchers have also reported crucial advances in the understanding of dissociative psychosis and dissociative schizophrenia.Although clinical studies in this area have been ongoing for a long time,research has not demonstrated that a clear and valid relationship exists between dissociation,childhood traumatic experiences,and schizophrenia or psychotic spectrum disorders.However,some results of statistical comparisons have supported the existence of the clinical manifestation known as dissociative psychosis and dissociative schizophrenia.Dissociation,childhood traumatic experiences,and positive psychotic symptoms may be a prominent part of dissociative psychosis and schizophrenia.The intense presence of negative symptoms may indicate classical schizophrenia.In research and clinical practice,researchers and clinicians may use psychometric tests to detect symptoms of dissociative psychosis.Psychotic persons with traumatic experiences likely benefit from treatment focused on trauma symptomatolgy.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of simultaneous horizontal and vertical operations on dissociated vertical deviation(DVD) associated with other deviations.METHODS: Forty-five cases of DVD with horizontal and torsional strabismus underwent combined operation were collected retrospectively. All clinical records were analyzed. All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 mo. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was performed to evaluate the changes of vertical and horizontal deviation. χ~2 test was used to evaluate the changes of binocular visual function. RESULTS: Forty-five cases included 36 patients with intermittent exotropia and binocular inferior oblique overaction(IOOA), 5 patients with concomitant esotropia and binocular IOOA, 4 patients with intermittent exotropia and monocular superior oblique palsy. The superior rectus recession(SRR) combined with horizontal rectus recession and the myectomy of inferior oblique or anterior transposition were operated simultaneously to correct all types of strabismus. There were 43 cases who achieved normal eye position in vertical direction, while 2 cases were with undercorrection of 5~Δ to 6~Δ. In patients with horizontal strabismus, 2 cases of exotropia were with overcorrection of 6~Δ to 8~Δ, 1 case of esotropia was with undercorrection of 6~Δ, and 1 case of monocular superior oblique palsy with compensatory head posture was not significantly improved. The binocular visual function of most patients recovered after operation. The difference of the binocular visual function and eye position were significant compared with that before operation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The simultaneous operation on DVD with horizontal and torsional strabismus is successful.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11732011,11672205,and 11332007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0401200)
文摘The high temperature gas occurs behind shock or near the wall surface of vehicle in the hypersonic flight. As the temperature exceeds 2 000 K, 4 000 K, respectively, O2 and N2 molecules are successively dissociated. Because of variable components at dif- ferent temperatures and pressures, the dissociated air is no longer a perfect gas, In this paper, a new method is developed to calculate accurate thermal physical parameters with the dissociation degree providing the thermochemical equilibrium procedure. Based on the dissociation degree, it is concluded that few numbers of equations and the solutions are easily obtained. In addition, a set of formulas relating the parameter to the dissociation degree are set up four-species, O2 molecule The thermodynamic properties of dissociated air containing and N2 molecule, O atom and N atom, are studied with the new method, and the results are consistent with those with the traditional equilibrium constant method. It is shown that this method is reliable for solving thermal physical parameters easily and directly.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2018BH013The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2017M612214.
文摘BACKGROUND Inferior oblique anterior transposition(IOAT)has emerged as an effective surgery in the management of dissociated vertical deviation(DVD)combined with superior oblique palsy(SOP).Traditional IOAT usually provides satisfactory primary position alignment and simultaneously restricts the superior floating phenomenon.However,it also increases the risk of the anti-elevation syndrome and narrowing of the palpebral fissure in straight-ahead gaze,especially after the unilateral operation.CASE SUMMARY We report the outcomes of the modified unilateral IOAT in two patients with unilateral DVD combined with SOP.The anterior-nasal fibers of the inferior oblique muscle were attached at 9 mm posterior to the corneal limbus along the temporal board of the inferior rectus muscle,the other fibers were attached a further 5 mm temporal to the anterior-nasal fibers.Postoperatively,both hypertropia and floating were improved,and no obvious complications occurred.CONCLUSION In these cases,the modified unilateral IOAT was an effective and safe surgical method for treating DVD with SOP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10774196)the Science Founda-tion Project of CQ CSTC (No.2006BB4156)Chongqing University Postgraduates’Science and Innovation Fund(No.200707A1A0030240)
文摘The extended core structure of the dissociated edge dislocation in Al, Au, Ag, Cu and Ni is determined within lattice theory of dislocation. The 2D dislocation equation governing the displacements is coupled by the restoring forces that are determined by the parameterization of the generalized stacking fault energies. The Ritz variational method is presented to solve the dislocation equation and the trial solution is constituted by two arctan-type functions with two undetermined parameters. The core widths of partial dislocations are wider than that obtained in generalized Peierls-Nabarro model due to the consideration of discreteness of crystal.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.
文摘Classically, ion channels are classified into 2 groups: chemical-sensitive (ligand-gated) and voltage-sensitive channels. Single ATP-sensitive K+ (K-ATP) channel currents were recorded in acutely dissociated rat neo-cortical neurons using patch clamp technique. A type of K-ATP channel has been found to be gated not only by intra-cellular ATP, but also by membrane potential ( Vm) , and proved to be a novel mechanism underlying the gating of ion channels, namely bi-gating mechanism. The results also show that the K-ATP channels possess heterogeneity and di-versity. These types of K-ATP channels have been identified in 40.12% of all patches, which are different in activa-tion-threshold and voltage-sensitivity. The present experiment studied the type-3 K-ATP channel with a unitary con-ductance of about 80 pS in detail ( n = 15). Taking account of all the available data, a variety of K-ATP channels are suggested to exist in body, and one type of them is bi-gated by both chemical substances and membrane potentials. This property of the K-ATP channels may be related to their pathophysiblogical function.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.81025007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81100704,30973282)+4 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7131006),Ministry of Health Foundation(201202005)Beijing Nova Program(Z111107054511061)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20111107120004)The Capital Health Research and Development of Special(2011-1017-03)Science Foundation for High-Level Medical Talents of Beijing Health System(2009-02-007).
文摘The purpose of this study was to compare cell growth characteristics,ciliated cell differentiation,and function of human nasal epithelial cells established as explant outgrowth cultures or dissociated tissue cultures.Human nasal mucosa of the uncinate process was obtained by endoscopy and epithelial cell cultures were established by explant outgrowth or dissociated tissue culture methods.Epithelial cell growth characteristics were observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy.Ciliated cell differentiation was detected byβ-tubulin IV and ZO-1 immunocytochemistry.Basal and ATP-stimulated ciliary beat frequency(CBF)was measured using a high-speed digital microscopic imaging system.Both the explant and dissociated tissue cultures established as monolayers with tight junctions and differentiated cell composition,with both types of cultures comprising ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells.Fibroblasts were also frequently found in explant cultures but rarely seen in dissociated tissue cultures.In both culture systems,the highest ciliated cell density appeared at 7th–10th culture day and declined with time,with the lifespan of ciliated cells ranging from 14 to 21 days.Overall,10%of the cells in explant cultures and 20%of the cells in the dissociated tissue cultures were ciliated.These two cultures demonstrated similar ciliary beat frequency values at baseline(7.78±1.99 Hz and 7.91±2.52 Hz,respectively)and reacted equivalently following stimulation with 100μM ATP.The results of this study indicate that both the explant outgrowth and dissociated tissue culture techniques are suitable for growing well-differentiated nasal ciliated and non-ciliated cells,which have growth characteristics and ciliary activity similar to those of nasal epithelial cells in vivo.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.92266107,92366207,52401245,and 52371236)the China Manned Space Station program(JZ-20190104)+3 种基金Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi Province(2024QCY-KXJ-011)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province(No.2025JC-JCQN-001)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Plan of Xianyang Science and Technology Plan Project(No.L2024-ZDKJ-ZDCGZH-0026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Hydrolysis of ammonia borane is deemed as a promising technique for robust hydrogen production,yet its deployment is still restricted due to the sluggish kinetics of the water dissociation step.An appropriate catalyst that can effectively reduce the H_(2)O dissociation barrier is quite desirable for sustainable ammonia borane-to-hydrogen conversion.Herein,an amino pre-coordination confinement strategy is profiled to achieve sub-2 nm ordered PtCo intermetallics uniformly on N-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres(O-PtCo/NHMS)for ammonia borane catalytic hydrolysis.Such a confined approach showcases the capacity of preventing nanoparticles from agglomeration and growth for accurate size control and can be extended to other ordered intermetallic systems(e.g.PtFe and PtCu).As for the ammonia borane hydrolysis,the ordered PtCo intermetallics have delivered a five times higher turnover frequency activity of 1264.1 min^(-1) than that of the disordered PtCo catalyst,together with excellent catalytic durability.Mechanism studies indicate that the ordered PtCo structure promotes the balanced adsorption of H_(2)O and ammonia borane molecules at Co and Pt sites and reduces the energy barrier for the rate-determining H_(2)O dissociation step to boost the ammonia borane hydrolysis.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of efficient ordered PtM intermetallic catalysts and expands their application in hydrogen production via ammonia borane hydrolysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 22172112)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol for value-added chemicals is a superior strategy to utilize the excess glycerol produced in the biodiesel industry.Pd is one of the few active catalysts for alkaline glycerol oxidation reaction(GOR);however,glycerol inevitably dissociates and converts to carbon dioxide on the Pd surface,which results in its low total Faradaic efficiency(FE)for high-value-added products.Herein,a series of Pd/C and Pd10Bix/C catalysts were synthesized to investigate the GOR pathway.The Pd10Bi3/C catalyst with optimal Bi content achieved an excellent GOR mass activity of 7.5±0.2 A mgPd−1 and an outstanding total FE of 90%±3%,which are much higher than those values on Pd/C(1.2±0.2 A mgPd−1 for mass activity and 63%±4%for total FE).Combined results of in-situ attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations show that Bi suppresses the dissociation of glycerol through the“shielding effect”of Bi to the adjacent Pd sites,which weakens the adsorption strength of GOR intermediates on those sites.This work provides a new insight into the GOR mechanism and puts forward a valid strategy for the rational design of catalysts to enable the transformation of glycerol into high-value-added products.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJB610003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240339)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China(No.2023KJ104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202092)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022QE076)。
文摘Regulating the critical process of proton migration from water dissociation for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a challenge.Herein,we propose an electrostatic attraction strategy to achieve the migration of a highly efficient hydrogen species to Pt sites over Pt/Co@NC,which is obtained through a facile calcination and electrodeposition method.It exhibits an outstanding geometric activity(η_(10)=31 m V),which surpasses the commercial 20 wt%Pt/C(η_(10)=37 mV).Moreover,the mass activity of Pt/Co@NC is 5.6 A mg_(Pt)^(-1) at-50 mV vs.RHE,which is 2.23 times higher than that of 20 wt%Pt/C.Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the work function of the outer carbon layer,which is changed by the introduction of the inner cobalt core,plays a crucial role in reversing the direction of electron migration between the carbon layer and Pt.The negatively charged Pt^(δ-)can spontaneously attract positively charged protons via the electrostatic interaction effect,thereby achieving the directional migration of hydrogen species.This work presents a strategy for designing advanced alkaline HER electrocatalysts by the electrostatic effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12534013,12047561,and 12104507)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2025ZYJ001 and 2021RC4026)the National University of Defense Technology Research Fund Project.
文摘The accumulation and circulation of carbon and hydrogen contribute to the chemical evolution of ice giant planets.Species separation and diamond precipitation have been reported in carbon-hydrogen systems and have been verified by static and shock compression experiments.Nevertheless,the dynamic formation processes underlying these phenomena remain insufficiently understood.In combination with a deep learning model,we demonstrate that diamonds form through a three-step process involving dissociation,species separation,and nucleation processes.Under shock conditions of 125 GPa and 4590 K,hydrocarbons decompose to give hydrogen and low-molecular-weight alkanes(CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(6)),which escape from the carbon chains,resulting in C/H species separation.The remaining carbon atoms without C-H bonds accumulate and nucleate to form diamond crystals.The process of diamond growth is associated with a critical nucleus size at which the dynamic energy barrier plays a key role.These dynamic processes of diamond formation provide insight into the establishment of a model for the evolution of ice giant planets.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4005000)the Joint Fund of Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(LBLF-2023-04)+3 种基金Dalian Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Plan(2022RY09)Innovation Research Fund of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP I202318)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478384)the UK EPSRC(EP/W03784X/1)。
文摘Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent metal hydroxides deposition and boost the hydrogen evolution reaction by adding a chelating agent,EDTA-Na_(4),that chelates with Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+),thus inhibiting their deposition and gathering them near the cathode surface,resulting in breaking the ordered hydrogen bond networks of interfacial water and reducing the activation energy of water dissociation.Furthermore,hydrolysis of–COO^(-) also promoted water dissociation to produce more active*H and*OH near the electrode surface that in turn serves as a diffusion medium for*OH,accelerating mass transfer and enabling seawater electrolysis to exhibit a stable performance,which operates continuously at 100 mA cm^(-2)@2.20 V and 200 mA cm^(-2)@2.58 V for 400 h in the symmetric electrolyzer and 500 mA cm^(-2)@2.29 V for over 500 h in the asymmetric electrolyzer.This study provides a new perspective to address the issues of stable and scalable direct seawater electrolysis for practical green hydrogen production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.82272743 to Xin Yue(82172812)of NSFC to Ran-yi Liu+4 种基金81871996 to Ran-yi Liu82003218 to Xuecen Wang82072029 to Zhenwei Peng and 81973174 to Xianzhang Bu)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515012496 to Xin Yue and 2022A1515012221 to Xianzhang Bu)Basic Scientific Research Operation of Sun Yat-sen University(No.19ykpy192 to Xin Yue)。
文摘Radiotherapy is widely used in the management of advanced colorectal cancer(CRC).However,the clinical efficacy is limited by the safe irradiated dose.Sensitizing tumor cells to radiotherapy via interrupting DNA repair is a promising approach to conquering the limitation.The BRCA1-BARD1 complex has been demonstrated to play a critical role in homologous recombination(HR)DSB repair,and its functions may be affected by HERC2 or BAP1.Accumulated evidence illustrates that the ubiquitination-deubiquitination balance is involved in these processes;however,the precise mechanism for the cross-talk among these proteins in HR repair following radiation hasn’t been defined.Through activity-based profiling,we identified PT33 as an active entity for HR repair suppression.Subsequently,we revealed that BAP1 serves as a novel molecular target of PT33 via a CRISPR-based deubiquitinase screen.Mechanistically,pharmacological covalent inhibition of BAP1 with PT33 recruits HERC2 to compete with BARD1 for BRCA1 interaction,interrupting HR repair.Consequently,PT33 treatment can substantially enhance the sensitivity of CRC cells to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo.Overall,these findings provide a mechanistic basis for PT33-induced HR suppression and may guide an effective strategy to improve therapeutic gain.
基金supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.52325206)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0500600)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2001220 and 52203298)Shenzhen Technical Plan Project(Grant Nos.RCJC20200714114436091,JCYJ20220530143012027,JCYJ20220818101003008,and JCYJ20220818101003007)Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School-Shenzhen Pengrui Young Faculty Program of Shenzhen Pengrui Foundation(Grant No.SZPR2023006)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.WDZC20231126160733001).
文摘Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)are considered among the most promising candidates for solid-state batteries.However,their practical application is hindered by low ionic conductivity and a limited lithium-ion transference number,primarily owing to the insufficient mobility of Li+.In this work,we design a heterojunc-tion nanoparticle composed of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)coupled with amorphous tita-nium oxide(TiO_(2)@Zn/Co–ZIF)as a filler to fabricate a composite solid-state electrolyte(PVZT).The amor-phous TiO_(2) coating facilitates salt dissociation through Lewis acid–base interactions with the anions of the lithium salt.Meanwhile,the Zn/Co–ZIF framework not only provides additional selective pathways for Li+transport but also effectively restricts anion migration through its confined pore size.The synergistic effect results in a high room-temperature ionic conductivity(8.8×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1))and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.47 for PVZT.A symmetrical cell using PVZT demonstrates stable Li+deposition/stripping for over 1100 h at a current density of 0.1 mA·cm^(-2).Additionally,a LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/Li full cell using PVZT retains 75.0%of its capacity after 1200 cycles at a 2 C rate.This work offers valuable insights into the design of func-tional fillers for CSEs with highly efficient ion transport.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1604100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302220,22372187,1972157,21972160,22402218)+2 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(22225206)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202203021222403)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2020179)。
文摘Carbon nanotube formation exemplifies atomically precise self-assembly,where atomic interactions dynamically engineer nanoscale architectures with emergent properties that transcend classical material boundaries.However,elucidating the transient molecular intermediates remains a critical mechanistic frontier.This study investigates the atomic-scale nucleation process of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)from acetylene on iron(Fe)clusters,utilizing GFN(-x)TB-based nanoreactor molecular dynamics simulations.The simulations reveal a consistent nucleation pathway,regardless of iron cluster size(Fe_(13),Fe_(38),Fe_(55)),where the chemisorption and dissociation of acetylene molecules on the Fe clusters lead to the formation of C_(2)H and C_(2)intermediates.These species then undergo oligomerization,initiating the growth of carbon chains.As the chains cross-link and cyclize,five-membered carbon rings are preferentially formed,which eventually evolve into six-membered rings and more complex sp2-hybridized carbon networks,resembling the cap structures of nascent SWCNTs.Although the nucleation mechanism remains similar across all cluster sizes,larger clusters show enhanced catalytic activity,leading to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and more extensive carbocyclic networks due to their higher density of active sites per reacting molecule.Crucially,the study highlights the role of C_(2)H as the key active species in the carbon network formation process.These findings offer critical insights into the initial stages of SWCNT nucleation,contributing to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving SWCNT growth and guiding the development of optimized synthetic strategies.
基金Supported by NSFC (Nos.12171089,12271235)NSF of Jiangsu (No.BK20190919)NSF of Fujian (No.2021J02048)。
文摘For a simple graph G,let A(G)and D(G)be the adjacency matrix and the diagonal degree matrix of G,respectively.[Appl.Anal.Discrete Math.,2017,11(1):81-107]defined the matrix A_(α)(G)of G as A_(α)(G)=αD(G)(1-α)A(G),α∈[0,1].The Aa-spectral radius is the largest eigenvalue of A_(α)(G).Let G_(n,β) be the set graphs with order n and dissociation numberβ.In this paper,we identify the b with maximal A_(α)-spectral radius among all graphs in G_(n,β).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22122308)Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS).Hong Gao is also partially supported by the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-CX-TD-49)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020TQ0324).
文摘The dicarbon(C_(2))molecule is an important molecular species observed in many carbon-containing gaseous environments.The spectroscopic and dissociative studies of C_(2)have attracted great attention for a long time for understanding its electronic characters as well as the evolution and cycling of carbon in the universe.In this study,the lifetimes of C_(2)populated at the three high-lying electronic states of(2-4)^(3)Δ_(g) in the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)region have been experimentally measured using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and the VUV-pump-UV-probe photoionization scheme.The measurements showed that all the rovibronic levels in the 2(g)^(3)Δ_(g) state exhibit shorter lifetimes than the dynamical limit of the experimental method,consistent with the theoretically predicted radiative lifetimes.Dependence of the lifetime on the vibrational level was observed in the 3^(3)Δ_(g) state,and a marginal rotational dependence was noticed in the vʹ=1 vibrational level.For the 4^(3)Δ_(g) state,the rotationally resolved lifetimes in the vʹ=1 vibrational level were found to be slightly longer than those in the vʹ=0 and 2 vibrational levels.Such a complicated dependence of the lifetime on the rovibronic level makes further experimental and theoretical investigations highly desired for understanding the dynamics in the high-lying excited states of C_(2).
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024SF-YBXM-567)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21976045,22076112)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)Scholarship(No.202308610123).
文摘As antibiotic pollutants cannot be incompletely removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants,ultraviolet(UV)based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)such as UV/persulfate(UV/PS)and UV/chlorine are increasingly concerned for the effective removal of antibiotics from wastewaters.However,the specific mechanisms involving degradation kinetics and transformation mechanisms are not well elucidated.Here we report a detailed examination of SO_(4)•−/Cl•-mediated degradation kinetics,products,and toxicities of sulfathiazole(ST),sarafloxacin(SAR),and lomefloxacin(LOM)in the two processes.Both SO_(4)•−/Cl•-mediated transformation kinetics were found to be dependent on pH(P<0.05),which was attributed to the disparate reactivities of their individual dissociated forms.Based on competition kinetic experiments and matrix calculations,the cationic forms(H_(2)ST^(+),H_(2)SAR^(+),and H_(2)LOM^(+))were more highly reactive towards SO_(4)•−in most cases,while the neutral forms(e.g.,HSAR^(0)and HLOM^(0))reacted the fastest with Cl•for the most of the antibiotics tested.Based on the identification of 31 key intermediates using tandem mass spectrometry,these reactions generated different products,of which the majority still retained the core chemical structure of the parent compounds.The corresponding diverse transformation pathways were proposed,involving S−N breaking,hydroxylation,defluorination,and chlorination reactions.Furthermore,the toxicity changes of their reaction solutions as well as the toxicity of each intermediate were evaluated by the vibrio fischeri and ECOSAR model,respectively.Many primary by-products were proven to be more toxic than the parent chemicals,raising the wider issue of extended potency for these compounds with regards to their ecotoxicity.These results have implications for assessing the degradative fate and risk of these chemicals during the AOPs.
文摘BACKGROUND Left colon cancer surgery relies on laparoscopic hemicolectomy,with digestive tract reconstruction critical.End-to-side anastomosis(ESA)and side-to-side anastomosis(SSA)anastomoses are common,but their comparative outcomes,especially in splenic flexure handling and efficacy,need clarification.This study compares ESA and SSA to guide surgical practice.AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of laparoscopically assisted left hemicolectomy with ESA and SSA.METHODS A total of 334 patients were included,with 105 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and 229 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,between January 1,2012,and May 31,2020.The patients were divided into two groups:146 cases in the ESA group and 188 cases in the SSA group.Clinical data from both groups were compared,and the survival prognosis was followed up.RESULTS The operation time for the ESA group was significantly shorter than that of the SSA group(197.1±57.7 minutes vs 218.6±67.5 minutes,χ2=4.298,P=0.039).There were no significant differences between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss,postoperative pain score at 48 hours,time to first bowel movement,number of lymph nodes dissected,or postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage,bleeding,stenosis.and adhesive intestinal obstruction at 6 months,12 months,and 24 months(P>0.05).Specifically,the incidence of complications like anastomotic leakage was 2.1%in the ESA group vs 4.3%in the SSA group(P=0.264).The 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)rate was 66.4%for the ESA group and 63.9%for the SSA group(P=0.693).There were no significant differences in the overall survival rate between the two groups.The incidence of splenic laceration was significantly higher in the SSA group(3.7%vs 0.7%,P=0.018).Overall,the 5-year DFS was 66.4%for ESA and 63.9%for SSA,with no significant difference in survival between the groups(P=0.693).CONCLUSION Both laparoscopically assisted left hemicolectomy with ESA and SSA are feasible and offer comparable long-term outcomes.ESA may reduce the need for splenic flexure dissociation,particularly when the tumor is located at the descending colon or its junction with the sigmoid colon,and especially in obese patients,elderly individuals with multiple complications,or those with severe adhesions in the splenic flexure of the surgical field.
文摘Even if dissociation has various facets,it is clear that knowledge of dissociative psychosis and a dissociative schizophrenia-based viewpoint may provide new perspectives on mental disorders.Many researchers screening for comorbid symptoms of“childhood traumatic experiences”and“dissociation”,where specific characteristics are significant to the presence of psychosis and schizophrenia,may lead to an acceptable definition.In recent years,researchers have also reported crucial advances in the understanding of dissociative psychosis and dissociative schizophrenia.Although clinical studies in this area have been ongoing for a long time,research has not demonstrated that a clear and valid relationship exists between dissociation,childhood traumatic experiences,and schizophrenia or psychotic spectrum disorders.However,some results of statistical comparisons have supported the existence of the clinical manifestation known as dissociative psychosis and dissociative schizophrenia.Dissociation,childhood traumatic experiences,and positive psychotic symptoms may be a prominent part of dissociative psychosis and schizophrenia.The intense presence of negative symptoms may indicate classical schizophrenia.In research and clinical practice,researchers and clinicians may use psychometric tests to detect symptoms of dissociative psychosis.Psychotic persons with traumatic experiences likely benefit from treatment focused on trauma symptomatolgy.
