EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact asso...EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact associated with disruptions to ensure the safe operation of EHL-2.This paper evaluates the performance requirements of the disruption prediction system on EHL-2,with a particular focus on applying generalizable knowledge transfer from existing devices to future ones.Furthermore,the key characteristics of disruption mitigation strategies are analyzed,and their overall mitigation performance on EHL-2 is assessed.This insight provides valuable guidance for optimizing the engineering design of EHL-2 and identifying its optimal operational regime.展开更多
Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mecha...Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying post-cardiac arrest brain injury have hindered the development of effective neuroprotective strategies.Previous studies primarily focused on neuronal death,potentially overlooking the contributions of non-neuronal cells and intercellular communication to the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest-induced brain injury.To address these gaps,we hypothesized that single-cell transcriptomic analysis could uncover previously unidentified cellular subpopulations,altered cell communication networks,and novel molecular mechanisms involved in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.In this study,we performed a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus from pigs with ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest at 6 and 24 hours following the return of spontaneous circulation,and from sham control pigs.Sequencing results revealed changes in the proportions of different cell types,suggesting post-arrest disruption in the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of neutrophils.These results were validated through western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and immunofluorescence staining.We also identified and validated a unique subcluster of activated microglia with high expression of S100A8,which increased over time following cardiac arrest.This subcluster simultaneously exhibited significant M1/M2 polarization and expressed key functional genes related to chemokines and interleukins.Additionally,we revealed the post-cardiac arrest dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes.Cell communication analysis identified enhanced post-cardiac arrest communication between neutrophils and microglia that was mediated by neutrophil-derived resistin,driving pro-inflammatory microglial polarization.Our findings provide a comprehensive single-cell map of the post-cardiac arrest hippocampus,offering potential novel targets for neuroprotection and repair following cardiac arrest.展开更多
BACKGROUND L-arginine(L-Arg)is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological products.However,the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations,especially in diabetics is still controversial...BACKGROUND L-arginine(L-Arg)is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological products.However,the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations,especially in diabetics is still controversial.AIM To investigate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of L-Arg on the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS Of 96 male rats were divided into 8 groups as follows(n=12):Control,0.5 g/kg L-Arg,1 g/kg L-Arg,1.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic,diabetic+0.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic+1 g/kg L-Arg,and diabetic+1.5 g/kg L-Arg;whereas L-Arg was orally administered for 3 months to all treated groups.RESULTS L-Arg produced a moderate upregulation of blood glucose levels to normal rats,but when given to diabetics a significant upregulation was observed,associated with increased nitric oxide,inflammatory cytokines,and malonaldehyde levels in diabetic rats treated with 1 g/kg L-Arg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg.A substantial decrease in the antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione concentrations,and Nrf-2 tissue depletion were observed at 1 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg diabetic treated groups,associated with myocardial injury,fibrosis,α-smooth muscle actin upregulation,and disruption of desmin cardiac myofilaments,and these effects were not noticeable at normal treated groups.On the other hand,L-Arg could significantly improve the lipid profile of diabetic rats and decrease their body weights.CONCLUSION L-Arg dose of 1 g/kg or more can exacerbates the diabetes injurious effects on the myocardium,while 0.5 g/kg dose can improve the lipid profile and decrease the body weight.展开更多
Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using smal...Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using small-molecule drugs to enhance siRNA endo-lysosomal release,addressing this challenge.We encapsulated gentamicin(GM)into the marketed Onpattro■ formulation to establish LNP-siRNA/GM nanoparticles that promote siRNA endo-lysosomal escape through endosomal disruption,mechanistically exhibiting unique functionality and synergistic effects of LNP-siRNA/GM to improve cancer therapy.Besides,GM induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)and phospholipids accumulation in endolysosomes,as well as the physical characteristics of lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)were preserved.We also revealed that GM causes endo-lysosomal swelling and disrupts the endosomal membrane to enable siRNA release,as confirmed by Galectin 3 recruitment and acridine orange release.This approach achieved∼81%mRNA-EGFR silencing,which is more than LNP-siEGFR(∼56.23%)by enhancing siRNA endo-lysosomal escape efficiency.Meanwhile,LNP-siEGFR/GM exhibited significant biological activities in HepG2 cells,driven by the synergistic effects of siEGFR and GM with the VEGF and CXCL12 downregulation of,and ROS and phospholipids upregulation.Furthermore,tumor growth was notably suppressed after intravenous injection of LNP-siEGFR/GM in tumor-bearing nude mice.The combination of EGFR-siRNA and GM could also greatly inhibit angiogenesis,be antiproliferative,and induce tumor cells apoptosis.Therefore,this GM and siRNA co-delivery system would provide an efficient strategy for siRNA endosomal escape,significantly improving knockdown in various LNPs based siRNA delivery systems and efficiently enhancing cancer therapy.展开更多
Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptio...Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptions,which cause huge economic losses to airlines and serious passengers’dissatisfaction.This paper proposes a set-partitioning-based model to optimize Aircraft-Gate Reassignment with Transfer Passenger Connections(AGRP-TPC),which incorporates flexible gate-swap and aircraft-delay operations to mitigate the overall impact of disruptions.To efficiently solve the model,we introduce the concepts of additive-transfer and nonstop-transfer to handle passenger connections,and develop a Hierarchical Column-and-Row Generation(HCRG)approach guided by airport terminal space attribute.The column generation and row generation procedures solve iteratively until no new variables and constraints are generated.In addition,a follow-on strategy and a diving heuristic are designed to efficiently obtain high-quality solutions.We evaluate the proposed approach using various instances from a major Chinese international airport.Computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the comparison algorithms and produces good solutions within the time limit.Detailed results indicate that our approach effectively reduces overall losses in aircraft-gate reassignment following disruptions,and it can serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool for airport operators and airlines.展开更多
As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This stud...As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This study explores the dynamic processes of QBO disruptions using the integrated climate model of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)by nudging the tropical zonal winds toward observations.A comparative analysis with ERA5 reanalysis data shows that the nudged runs accurately replicate the general characteristics of the QBO,including the alternating QBO wind regimes and QBO disruption events.The evolution of the QBO winds is diagnosed using empirical orthogonal function and root-mean-square difference analyses,and the rarity of the disruption events is confirmed in the CMA model.Different aspects of the QBO disruptions and the relevant dynamics are present in the model.Firstly,the momentum budget analysis highlights the crucial roles of extratropical Rossby waves and non-orographic gravity waves in the transition from westerly to easterly winds during a disruption.Secondly,Kelvin waves and non-orographic gravity waves explain much of the transition from easterly to westerly winds near 40 hPa.Thirdly,the positive tendency from enhanced vertical advection further accelerates westerly momentum development via secondary meridional circulation.These findings underscore the importance of nudging techniques in understanding QBO dynamics,which provides valuable insights for future climate model improvements toward better forecasting QBO-related climate variability.Notably,due to model limitations,no QBO disruptions were simulated in the free-run experiments.展开更多
Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cance...Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cancer cell drug resistance and angiogenesis in tumor cells.Hypoxia-activated chemotherapy will be an ideal supplement to VDAs therapy since it can help to fully utilize the ischemia and hypoxia induced by VDAs to realize a synergistic antitumor therapeutic outcome.Here,we design a liposome whose surface is modified with a tumor-homing peptide Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala(CREKA,which can specifically target tumor vessels and stroma)and whose aqueous cavity and lipid bilayer are loaded by a hypoxia-activatable drug banoxantrone dihydrochloride(AQ4N)and a VDA combretastatin A4(CA4),respectively.CA4 can selectively target vascular endothelial cells and destroy the tumor blood vessels,which will cause the rapid inhibition of blood flow in tumor and enhance the hypoxia in the tumor region.As a consequence,AQ4N can exert its boosted cytotoxicity under the enhanced hypoxic environment.The as-prepared liposome with a uniform particle size exhibits good stability and high cancer cell killing efficacy in vitro.In addition,in vivo experiments confirm the excellent tumortargeting/accumulation,tumor vasculature-damaging,and tumor inhibition effects of the liposome.This work develops a liposomal which can achieve safe and effective tumor suppression without external stimulus excitation by only single injection,and is expected to benefit the future development of effective antitumor liposomal drugs.展开更多
The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were i...The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were investigated,and their antioxidant activities and in vitro digestion were explored in this study.Results showed that the content of nutrients in bee pollen increased after wall disruption.Among them,fat content increased by 22.55%-8.31%,protein content increased by 0.54%-4.91%,starch content increased by 36.31%-48.64%,soluble sugar content increased by 20.57%-29.67%,total phenolic acid content increased by 11.73%-86.98%and total flavonoids content increased by 14.29%-24.79%.At the same time,the antioxidant activity increased by 14.84%-46.00%.Furthermore,the active components such as phenolic compounds in the wall-disruption bee pollen were more readily to be released during the in vitro digestion,and easier to be absorbed because of their higher bioaccessibility.Antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion were also improved in walldisruption bee pollen.These findings provide evidence that bee pollen wall disruption was suggested,thus,it is more conducive to exerting the value of bee pollen in functional foods.展开更多
This review delved into the intricate relationship between circadian clocks and physiological processes,emphasizing their critical role in maintaining homeo-stasis.Orchestrated by interlocked clock genes,the circadian...This review delved into the intricate relationship between circadian clocks and physiological processes,emphasizing their critical role in maintaining homeo-stasis.Orchestrated by interlocked clock genes,the circadian timekeeping system regulates fundamental processes like the sleep-wake cycle,energy metabolism,immune function,and cell proliferation.The central oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes with light-dark cycles,while peripheral tissue clocks are influenced by cues such as feeding times.Circadian disruption,linked to modern lifestyle factors like night shift work,correlates with adverse health outcomes,including metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular diseases,infec-tions,and cancer.We explored the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock genes and their impact on metabolic disorders and cancer pathogenesis.Specific associ-ations between circadian disruption and endocrine tumors,spanning breast,ovarian,testicular,prostate,thyroid,pituitary,and adrenal gland cancers,are highlighted.Shift work is associated with increased breast cancer risk,with PER genes influencing tumor progression and drug resistance.CLOCK gene expression correlates with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer,while factors like aging and intermittent fasting affect prostate cancer.Our review underscored the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and cancer,involving the regulation of the cell cycle,DNA repair,metabolism,immune function,and the tumor microenvir-onment.We advocated for integrating biological timing into clinical consider-ations for personalized healthcare,proposing that understanding these connec-tions could lead to novel therapeutic approaches.Evidence supports circadian rhythm-focused therapies,particularly chronotherapy,for treating endocrine tumors.Our review called for further research to uncover detailed connections between circadian clocks and cancer,providing essential insights for targeted treatments.We emphasized the importance of public health interventions to mitigate lifestyle-related circadian disruptions and underscored the critical role of circadian rhythms in disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.展开更多
A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the EXL-50tokamak to predict impending disruption.However,the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused ...A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the EXL-50tokamak to predict impending disruption.However,the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused by inaccurate labeling.To mitigate these issues,an improved training framework has been proposed.In this approach,soft labels from previous training serve as teachers to supervise the further learning process;this has lead to a significant improvement in predictive model performance.Notably,this enhancement is primarily attributed to the coupling effect of the soft labels and correction mechanism.This improved training framework introduces an instance-specific label smoothing method,which reflects a more nuanced model assessment on the likelihood of a disruption.It presents a possible solution to effectively address the challenges associated with accurate labeling across different machines.展开更多
Objectives:This study aims to assess sleep disorders among secondary school adolescents and explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors(age,gender,household income,and sleep duration)and the occurrence o...Objectives:This study aims to assess sleep disorders among secondary school adolescents and explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors(age,gender,household income,and sleep duration)and the occurrence of these disorders.Methods:A quantitative,descriptive,cross-sectional study,was conducted from November 20th,2022,to May 25th,2023,involving 200 secondary school students selected through convenience sampling.Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire divided into sociodemographic and sleep disorder sections.Validity was ensured by a panel of ten experts,and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha(0.77).Statistical analysis employed SPSS version 26.Results:Findings revealed that a majority of participants(70.5%)had low-level sleep disorders,followed by moderate disorders represented(29%).Significant associations were found between sleep disorders and gender(P=0.000),economic status for family(P=0.020),and nightly sleep duration(P=0.016).However,no significant relationship was observed between sleep disorders and family structure or age(P>0.05).Conclusions:The study highlights that most secondary school students experience mild sleep disorders,followed by moderate disorders.Notably,gender,income,and sleep duration showed significant correlations with sleep disorders.展开更多
The recent rapid development of China’s foreign trade has led to the significant increase in waterway transportation and automated container ports. Automated terminals can significantly improve the loading and unload...The recent rapid development of China’s foreign trade has led to the significant increase in waterway transportation and automated container ports. Automated terminals can significantly improve the loading and unloading efficiency of container terminals. These terminals can also increase the port’s transportation volume while ensuring the quality of cargo loading and unloading, which has become an inevitable trend in the future development of ports. However, the continuous growth of the port’s transportation volume has increased the horizontal transportation pressure on the automated terminal, and the problems of route conflicts and road locks faced by automated guided vehicles (AGV) have become increasingly prominent. Accordingly, this work takes Xiamen Yuanhai automated container terminal as an example. This work focuses on analyzing the interference problem of path conflict in its horizontal transportation AGV scheduling. Results show that path conflict, the most prominent interference factor, will cause AGV scheduling to be unable to execute the original plan. Consequently, the disruption management was used to establish a disturbance recovery model, and the Dijkstra algorithm for combining with time windows is adopted to plan a conflict-free path. Based on the comparison with the rescheduling method, the research obtains that the deviation of the transportation path and the deviation degree of the transportation path under the disruption management method are much lower than those of the rescheduling method. The transportation path deviation degree of the disruption management method is only 5.56%. Meanwhile, the deviation degree of the transportation path under the rescheduling method is 44.44%.展开更多
In the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there exists a complex landscape where promises of efficiency and innovation clash with unforeseen disruptions across Information Technology (IT) and broader societal real...In the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there exists a complex landscape where promises of efficiency and innovation clash with unforeseen disruptions across Information Technology (IT) and broader societal realms. This paper sets out on a journey to explore the intricate paradoxes inherent in AI, focusing on the unintended consequences that ripple through IT and beyond. Through a thorough examination of literature and analysis of related works, this study aims to shed light on the complexities surrounding the AI paradox. It delves into how this paradox appears in various domains, such as algorithmic biases, job displacement, ethical dilemmas, and privacy concerns. By mapping out these unintended disruptions, this research seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of the challenges brought forth by AI-driven transformations. Ultimately, its goal is to pave the way for the responsible development and deployment of AI, fostering a harmonious integration of technological progress with societal values and priorities.展开更多
A two-level supply chain model involving one supplier and one retailer with linear demand is developed, and supply chain coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information （the retailer＇ s cost structure is asymme...A two-level supply chain model involving one supplier and one retailer with linear demand is developed, and supply chain coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information （the retailer＇ s cost structure is asymmetric information） are proposed by employing game theory in two scenarios： coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information in a regular scenario （without disruption）; and coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information in an irregular scenario （ with retailer cost disruptions）. It is optimal for the supply chain to maintain the original production plan and to guarantee a steadily running system if variations of retailer costs are sufficiently low and do not exceed an upper bound. This shows that the original production plan has certain robustness under disruptions. Decisions must be re-made if a retailer＇ s cost change is greater and exceeds an upper bound. Impacts of retailer cost disruptions on the order quantity, the retail price, the wholesale price and each party＇ s as well as the system＇ s expected profits are investigated through numerical analyses.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to improve the quality of the duck blood tofu by ultrasonic technology. [Method] Ultrasonic technology was used to break the blood cell membrane. The optimal ultrasonic condition was determined...[Objective] The aim was to improve the quality of the duck blood tofu by ultrasonic technology. [Method] Ultrasonic technology was used to break the blood cell membrane. The optimal ultrasonic condition was determined by single factor de- sign, and the differences in sensory quality and nutritional value between the duck blood tofu treated with and without ultrasonication were studied. [Result] The optimal ultrasonic power was 400 W and the optimal ultrasonic time was 6 min. Under these conditions, the content of duck blood haemoglobin increased by 43.46%, the content of iron increased by 10.85%, and the breakage rate was 100%. The a＊ value of the duck blood tofu increased significantly under ultrasonic treatment. Both internal micro-structure and texture parameters proved that the ultrasonic contributed to the formation of gel structure. After treatment by artificial gastric juice and artifi- cial intestinal juice, the total amino acids in the digestive juice were 9.25% higher than that of the duck blood tofu without ultrasonic treatment. [Conclusion] The duck blood tofu under ultrasonic treatment would be beneficial to human body absorption, and the nutrition value would be higher as well.展开更多
The coordinating pricing strategies with asymmetric cost information under disruptions are investigated in a one-supplier-one-retailer supply chain system.While the retailer's cost structure is asymmetric informat...The coordinating pricing strategies with asymmetric cost information under disruptions are investigated in a one-supplier-one-retailer supply chain system.While the retailer's cost structure is asymmetric information,supply chain pricing contract models(a wholesale price contract and an all-unit quantity discount contract)under asymmetric information are proposed by employing the principal-agent principle in a regular scenario.When the retailer's cost distribution is fluctuated by disruptions,we obtain the optimal emergency strategies of the supply chain under asymmetric information by considering deviation costs and show how to effectively handle the cost uncertainty.Using numerical methods,impacts of cost disruptions on the optimal wholesale price,the retailer price,the order quantity and the expected profits of the retailer,the supplier,as well as the total system are analyzed.It is found that the all-unit quantity discount policy can obtain better performance than the wholesale pricing policy.展开更多
As for the supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and multiple competing retailers, the disruption management decision is considered for the demand disruption that both the investment sensitivity coefficient and th...As for the supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and multiple competing retailers, the disruption management decision is considered for the demand disruption that both the investment sensitivity coefficient and the investment-elasticity are changed simultaneously. Meanwhile, the corresponding solutions are given for different cases of the disruption, and the characteristics of the solutions are analyzed. The production plan is proved to he robustness under certain conditions, and the production plan of the coordination strategy is investigated for the disruption with appropriate contractual arrangement, i. e. , a subside rate schedule. Mutual restraints exist between the changed investment sensitivity coefficient and the investment-elasticity when the coordination mecha- nism is used. And the more the number of the retailers in the system, the more the subside provided by the suppler on the coordinaton strategy.展开更多
Injection of high-Z impurities into plasma has been proved to be able to reduce the localized thermal load and mechanical forces on the in-vessel components and the vacuum vessel, caused by disruptions in Tokamaks. An...Injection of high-Z impurities into plasma has been proved to be able to reduce the localized thermal load and mechanical forces on the in-vessel components and the vacuum vessel, caused by disruptions in Tokamaks. An advanced prediction and mitigation system of disruption is implemented in HL-2A to safely shut down plasmas by using the laser ablation of high-Z impurities with a perturbation real-time measuring and processing system. The injection is usually triggered by the amplitude and frequency of the MHD perturbation field which is detected with a Mirnov coil and leads to the onset of a mitigated disruption within a few milliseconds. It could be a simple and potential approach to significantly reducing the plasma thermal energy and magnetic energy before a disruption, thereby achieving safe plasma termination. The plasma response to impurity injection, a mechanism for improving plasma thermal and current quench in major disruptions, the design of the disruption prediction warner, and an evaluation of the mitigation success rate are discussed in the present paper.展开更多
In this study,NIMROD simulations are performed to investigate the effects of massive helium gas injection level on the induced disruption on EAST tokamak.It is demonstrated in simulations that two different scenarios ...In this study,NIMROD simulations are performed to investigate the effects of massive helium gas injection level on the induced disruption on EAST tokamak.It is demonstrated in simulations that two different scenarios of plasma cooling(complete cooling and partial cooling)take place for different amounts of injected impurities.For the impurity injection above a critical level,a single MHD activity is able to induce a complete core temperature collapse.For impurity injection below the critical level,a series of multiple minor disruptions occur before the complete thermal quench.展开更多
The coordination problem of a supply chain comprising one supplier and one retailer under market demand disruption is studied in this article. A novel exponential demand function is adopted, and the penalty cost is in...The coordination problem of a supply chain comprising one supplier and one retailer under market demand disruption is studied in this article. A novel exponential demand function is adopted, and the penalty cost is introduced explicitly to capture the deviation production cost caused by the market demand disruption. The optimal strategies are obtained for different disruption scale under the centralized mode. For the decentralized mode, it is proved that the supply chain can be fully coordinated by adjusting the price discount policy appropriately when disruption occurs. Furthermore, the authors point out that similar results can be established for more general demand functions that represent different market circumstances if certain assumptions are satisfied.展开更多
基金supported by the ENN Group,the ENN Energy Research Institute and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205122).
文摘EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact associated with disruptions to ensure the safe operation of EHL-2.This paper evaluates the performance requirements of the disruption prediction system on EHL-2,with a particular focus on applying generalizable knowledge transfer from existing devices to future ones.Furthermore,the key characteristics of disruption mitigation strategies are analyzed,and their overall mitigation performance on EHL-2 is assessed.This insight provides valuable guidance for optimizing the engineering design of EHL-2 and identifying its optimal operational regime.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China,Nos.82325031(to FX),82030059(to YC),82102290(to YG),U23A20485(to YC)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2023ZD0505504(to FX),2023ZD0505500(to YC)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,No.2022ZLGX03(to YC).
文摘Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying post-cardiac arrest brain injury have hindered the development of effective neuroprotective strategies.Previous studies primarily focused on neuronal death,potentially overlooking the contributions of non-neuronal cells and intercellular communication to the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest-induced brain injury.To address these gaps,we hypothesized that single-cell transcriptomic analysis could uncover previously unidentified cellular subpopulations,altered cell communication networks,and novel molecular mechanisms involved in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.In this study,we performed a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus from pigs with ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest at 6 and 24 hours following the return of spontaneous circulation,and from sham control pigs.Sequencing results revealed changes in the proportions of different cell types,suggesting post-arrest disruption in the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of neutrophils.These results were validated through western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and immunofluorescence staining.We also identified and validated a unique subcluster of activated microglia with high expression of S100A8,which increased over time following cardiac arrest.This subcluster simultaneously exhibited significant M1/M2 polarization and expressed key functional genes related to chemokines and interleukins.Additionally,we revealed the post-cardiac arrest dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes.Cell communication analysis identified enhanced post-cardiac arrest communication between neutrophils and microglia that was mediated by neutrophil-derived resistin,driving pro-inflammatory microglial polarization.Our findings provide a comprehensive single-cell map of the post-cardiac arrest hippocampus,offering potential novel targets for neuroprotection and repair following cardiac arrest.
基金The Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia, No. IF2/PSAU/2022/03/23339.
文摘BACKGROUND L-arginine(L-Arg)is one of the most widely used amino acids in dietary and pharmacological products.However,the evidence on its usefulness and dose limitations,especially in diabetics is still controversial.AIM To investigate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of L-Arg on the cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS Of 96 male rats were divided into 8 groups as follows(n=12):Control,0.5 g/kg L-Arg,1 g/kg L-Arg,1.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic,diabetic+0.5 g/kg L-Arg,diabetic+1 g/kg L-Arg,and diabetic+1.5 g/kg L-Arg;whereas L-Arg was orally administered for 3 months to all treated groups.RESULTS L-Arg produced a moderate upregulation of blood glucose levels to normal rats,but when given to diabetics a significant upregulation was observed,associated with increased nitric oxide,inflammatory cytokines,and malonaldehyde levels in diabetic rats treated with 1 g/kg L-Arg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg.A substantial decrease in the antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione concentrations,and Nrf-2 tissue depletion were observed at 1 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg L-Arg diabetic treated groups,associated with myocardial injury,fibrosis,α-smooth muscle actin upregulation,and disruption of desmin cardiac myofilaments,and these effects were not noticeable at normal treated groups.On the other hand,L-Arg could significantly improve the lipid profile of diabetic rats and decrease their body weights.CONCLUSION L-Arg dose of 1 g/kg or more can exacerbates the diabetes injurious effects on the myocardium,while 0.5 g/kg dose can improve the lipid profile and decrease the body weight.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81502688)Cooperation Research Funding of Capital Medical University(2020KJ000514)+1 种基金Cooperation Research Funding of Capital Medical University(2023KJ000814)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202210025024).
文摘Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using small-molecule drugs to enhance siRNA endo-lysosomal release,addressing this challenge.We encapsulated gentamicin(GM)into the marketed Onpattro■ formulation to establish LNP-siRNA/GM nanoparticles that promote siRNA endo-lysosomal escape through endosomal disruption,mechanistically exhibiting unique functionality and synergistic effects of LNP-siRNA/GM to improve cancer therapy.Besides,GM induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)and phospholipids accumulation in endolysosomes,as well as the physical characteristics of lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)were preserved.We also revealed that GM causes endo-lysosomal swelling and disrupts the endosomal membrane to enable siRNA release,as confirmed by Galectin 3 recruitment and acridine orange release.This approach achieved∼81%mRNA-EGFR silencing,which is more than LNP-siEGFR(∼56.23%)by enhancing siRNA endo-lysosomal escape efficiency.Meanwhile,LNP-siEGFR/GM exhibited significant biological activities in HepG2 cells,driven by the synergistic effects of siEGFR and GM with the VEGF and CXCL12 downregulation of,and ROS and phospholipids upregulation.Furthermore,tumor growth was notably suppressed after intravenous injection of LNP-siEGFR/GM in tumor-bearing nude mice.The combination of EGFR-siRNA and GM could also greatly inhibit angiogenesis,be antiproliferative,and induce tumor cells apoptosis.Therefore,this GM and siRNA co-delivery system would provide an efficient strategy for siRNA endosomal escape,significantly improving knockdown in various LNPs based siRNA delivery systems and efficiently enhancing cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2333218).
文摘Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptions,which cause huge economic losses to airlines and serious passengers’dissatisfaction.This paper proposes a set-partitioning-based model to optimize Aircraft-Gate Reassignment with Transfer Passenger Connections(AGRP-TPC),which incorporates flexible gate-swap and aircraft-delay operations to mitigate the overall impact of disruptions.To efficiently solve the model,we introduce the concepts of additive-transfer and nonstop-transfer to handle passenger connections,and develop a Hierarchical Column-and-Row Generation(HCRG)approach guided by airport terminal space attribute.The column generation and row generation procedures solve iteratively until no new variables and constraints are generated.In addition,a follow-on strategy and a diving heuristic are designed to efficiently obtain high-quality solutions.We evaluate the proposed approach using various instances from a major Chinese international airport.Computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the comparison algorithms and produces good solutions within the time limit.Detailed results indicate that our approach effectively reduces overall losses in aircraft-gate reassignment following disruptions,and it can serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool for airport operators and airlines.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275056).
文摘As a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere on the interannual timescale,the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO)can significantly influence global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.This study explores the dynamic processes of QBO disruptions using the integrated climate model of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)by nudging the tropical zonal winds toward observations.A comparative analysis with ERA5 reanalysis data shows that the nudged runs accurately replicate the general characteristics of the QBO,including the alternating QBO wind regimes and QBO disruption events.The evolution of the QBO winds is diagnosed using empirical orthogonal function and root-mean-square difference analyses,and the rarity of the disruption events is confirmed in the CMA model.Different aspects of the QBO disruptions and the relevant dynamics are present in the model.Firstly,the momentum budget analysis highlights the crucial roles of extratropical Rossby waves and non-orographic gravity waves in the transition from westerly to easterly winds during a disruption.Secondly,Kelvin waves and non-orographic gravity waves explain much of the transition from easterly to westerly winds near 40 hPa.Thirdly,the positive tendency from enhanced vertical advection further accelerates westerly momentum development via secondary meridional circulation.These findings underscore the importance of nudging techniques in understanding QBO dynamics,which provides valuable insights for future climate model improvements toward better forecasting QBO-related climate variability.Notably,due to model limitations,no QBO disruptions were simulated in the free-run experiments.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education(No.GKE-KF202305)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor,and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211510)。
文摘Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cancer cell drug resistance and angiogenesis in tumor cells.Hypoxia-activated chemotherapy will be an ideal supplement to VDAs therapy since it can help to fully utilize the ischemia and hypoxia induced by VDAs to realize a synergistic antitumor therapeutic outcome.Here,we design a liposome whose surface is modified with a tumor-homing peptide Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala(CREKA,which can specifically target tumor vessels and stroma)and whose aqueous cavity and lipid bilayer are loaded by a hypoxia-activatable drug banoxantrone dihydrochloride(AQ4N)and a VDA combretastatin A4(CA4),respectively.CA4 can selectively target vascular endothelial cells and destroy the tumor blood vessels,which will cause the rapid inhibition of blood flow in tumor and enhance the hypoxia in the tumor region.As a consequence,AQ4N can exert its boosted cytotoxicity under the enhanced hypoxic environment.The as-prepared liposome with a uniform particle size exhibits good stability and high cancer cell killing efficacy in vitro.In addition,in vivo experiments confirm the excellent tumortargeting/accumulation,tumor vasculature-damaging,and tumor inhibition effects of the liposome.This work develops a liposomal which can achieve safe and effective tumor suppression without external stimulus excitation by only single injection,and is expected to benefit the future development of effective antitumor liposomal drugs.
基金the Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University (SKLF-ZZB-202119)。
文摘The nutrient digestion,absorption and biological activity of bee pollen may be limited due to the complex pollen wall.Here,the effect of superfine grinding technology on the release of nutrients from bee pollen were investigated,and their antioxidant activities and in vitro digestion were explored in this study.Results showed that the content of nutrients in bee pollen increased after wall disruption.Among them,fat content increased by 22.55%-8.31%,protein content increased by 0.54%-4.91%,starch content increased by 36.31%-48.64%,soluble sugar content increased by 20.57%-29.67%,total phenolic acid content increased by 11.73%-86.98%and total flavonoids content increased by 14.29%-24.79%.At the same time,the antioxidant activity increased by 14.84%-46.00%.Furthermore,the active components such as phenolic compounds in the wall-disruption bee pollen were more readily to be released during the in vitro digestion,and easier to be absorbed because of their higher bioaccessibility.Antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion were also improved in walldisruption bee pollen.These findings provide evidence that bee pollen wall disruption was suggested,thus,it is more conducive to exerting the value of bee pollen in functional foods.
文摘This review delved into the intricate relationship between circadian clocks and physiological processes,emphasizing their critical role in maintaining homeo-stasis.Orchestrated by interlocked clock genes,the circadian timekeeping system regulates fundamental processes like the sleep-wake cycle,energy metabolism,immune function,and cell proliferation.The central oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes with light-dark cycles,while peripheral tissue clocks are influenced by cues such as feeding times.Circadian disruption,linked to modern lifestyle factors like night shift work,correlates with adverse health outcomes,including metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular diseases,infec-tions,and cancer.We explored the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock genes and their impact on metabolic disorders and cancer pathogenesis.Specific associ-ations between circadian disruption and endocrine tumors,spanning breast,ovarian,testicular,prostate,thyroid,pituitary,and adrenal gland cancers,are highlighted.Shift work is associated with increased breast cancer risk,with PER genes influencing tumor progression and drug resistance.CLOCK gene expression correlates with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer,while factors like aging and intermittent fasting affect prostate cancer.Our review underscored the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and cancer,involving the regulation of the cell cycle,DNA repair,metabolism,immune function,and the tumor microenvir-onment.We advocated for integrating biological timing into clinical consider-ations for personalized healthcare,proposing that understanding these connec-tions could lead to novel therapeutic approaches.Evidence supports circadian rhythm-focused therapies,particularly chronotherapy,for treating endocrine tumors.Our review called for further research to uncover detailed connections between circadian clocks and cancer,providing essential insights for targeted treatments.We emphasized the importance of public health interventions to mitigate lifestyle-related circadian disruptions and underscored the critical role of circadian rhythms in disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175277 and 11975271)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE 03050003)。
文摘A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the EXL-50tokamak to predict impending disruption.However,the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused by inaccurate labeling.To mitigate these issues,an improved training framework has been proposed.In this approach,soft labels from previous training serve as teachers to supervise the further learning process;this has lead to a significant improvement in predictive model performance.Notably,this enhancement is primarily attributed to the coupling effect of the soft labels and correction mechanism.This improved training framework introduces an instance-specific label smoothing method,which reflects a more nuanced model assessment on the likelihood of a disruption.It presents a possible solution to effectively address the challenges associated with accurate labeling across different machines.
文摘Objectives:This study aims to assess sleep disorders among secondary school adolescents and explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors(age,gender,household income,and sleep duration)and the occurrence of these disorders.Methods:A quantitative,descriptive,cross-sectional study,was conducted from November 20th,2022,to May 25th,2023,involving 200 secondary school students selected through convenience sampling.Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire divided into sociodemographic and sleep disorder sections.Validity was ensured by a panel of ten experts,and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha(0.77).Statistical analysis employed SPSS version 26.Results:Findings revealed that a majority of participants(70.5%)had low-level sleep disorders,followed by moderate disorders represented(29%).Significant associations were found between sleep disorders and gender(P=0.000),economic status for family(P=0.020),and nightly sleep duration(P=0.016).However,no significant relationship was observed between sleep disorders and family structure or age(P>0.05).Conclusions:The study highlights that most secondary school students experience mild sleep disorders,followed by moderate disorders.Notably,gender,income,and sleep duration showed significant correlations with sleep disorders.
文摘The recent rapid development of China’s foreign trade has led to the significant increase in waterway transportation and automated container ports. Automated terminals can significantly improve the loading and unloading efficiency of container terminals. These terminals can also increase the port’s transportation volume while ensuring the quality of cargo loading and unloading, which has become an inevitable trend in the future development of ports. However, the continuous growth of the port’s transportation volume has increased the horizontal transportation pressure on the automated terminal, and the problems of route conflicts and road locks faced by automated guided vehicles (AGV) have become increasingly prominent. Accordingly, this work takes Xiamen Yuanhai automated container terminal as an example. This work focuses on analyzing the interference problem of path conflict in its horizontal transportation AGV scheduling. Results show that path conflict, the most prominent interference factor, will cause AGV scheduling to be unable to execute the original plan. Consequently, the disruption management was used to establish a disturbance recovery model, and the Dijkstra algorithm for combining with time windows is adopted to plan a conflict-free path. Based on the comparison with the rescheduling method, the research obtains that the deviation of the transportation path and the deviation degree of the transportation path under the disruption management method are much lower than those of the rescheduling method. The transportation path deviation degree of the disruption management method is only 5.56%. Meanwhile, the deviation degree of the transportation path under the rescheduling method is 44.44%.
文摘In the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there exists a complex landscape where promises of efficiency and innovation clash with unforeseen disruptions across Information Technology (IT) and broader societal realms. This paper sets out on a journey to explore the intricate paradoxes inherent in AI, focusing on the unintended consequences that ripple through IT and beyond. Through a thorough examination of literature and analysis of related works, this study aims to shed light on the complexities surrounding the AI paradox. It delves into how this paradox appears in various domains, such as algorithmic biases, job displacement, ethical dilemmas, and privacy concerns. By mapping out these unintended disruptions, this research seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of the challenges brought forth by AI-driven transformations. Ultimately, its goal is to pave the way for the responsible development and deployment of AI, fostering a harmonious integration of technological progress with societal values and priorities.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No70671021)Jiangsu Postdoctoral Foundation (No0601015C)
文摘A two-level supply chain model involving one supplier and one retailer with linear demand is developed, and supply chain coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information （the retailer＇ s cost structure is asymmetric information） are proposed by employing game theory in two scenarios： coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information in a regular scenario （without disruption）; and coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information in an irregular scenario （ with retailer cost disruptions）. It is optimal for the supply chain to maintain the original production plan and to guarantee a steadily running system if variations of retailer costs are sufficiently low and do not exceed an upper bound. This shows that the original production plan has certain robustness under disruptions. Decisions must be re-made if a retailer＇ s cost change is greater and exceeds an upper bound. Impacts of retailer cost disruptions on the order quantity, the retail price, the wholesale price and each party＇ s as well as the system＇ s expected profits are investigated through numerical analyses.
基金Supported by National Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Program of China(2012GB2C100165)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to improve the quality of the duck blood tofu by ultrasonic technology. [Method] Ultrasonic technology was used to break the blood cell membrane. The optimal ultrasonic condition was determined by single factor de- sign, and the differences in sensory quality and nutritional value between the duck blood tofu treated with and without ultrasonication were studied. [Result] The optimal ultrasonic power was 400 W and the optimal ultrasonic time was 6 min. Under these conditions, the content of duck blood haemoglobin increased by 43.46%, the content of iron increased by 10.85%, and the breakage rate was 100%. The a＊ value of the duck blood tofu increased significantly under ultrasonic treatment. Both internal micro-structure and texture parameters proved that the ultrasonic contributed to the formation of gel structure. After treatment by artificial gastric juice and artifi- cial intestinal juice, the total amino acids in the digestive juice were 9.25% higher than that of the duck blood tofu without ultrasonic treatment. [Conclusion] The duck blood tofu under ultrasonic treatment would be beneficial to human body absorption, and the nutrition value would be higher as well.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)Jiangsu Postdoctoral Foundation(No.0601015C)
文摘The coordinating pricing strategies with asymmetric cost information under disruptions are investigated in a one-supplier-one-retailer supply chain system.While the retailer's cost structure is asymmetric information,supply chain pricing contract models(a wholesale price contract and an all-unit quantity discount contract)under asymmetric information are proposed by employing the principal-agent principle in a regular scenario.When the retailer's cost distribution is fluctuated by disruptions,we obtain the optimal emergency strategies of the supply chain under asymmetric information by considering deviation costs and show how to effectively handle the cost uncertainty.Using numerical methods,impacts of cost disruptions on the optimal wholesale price,the retailer price,the order quantity and the expected profits of the retailer,the supplier,as well as the total system are analyzed.It is found that the all-unit quantity discount policy can obtain better performance than the wholesale pricing policy.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Young Faulty of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics(S0670-082)~~
文摘As for the supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and multiple competing retailers, the disruption management decision is considered for the demand disruption that both the investment sensitivity coefficient and the investment-elasticity are changed simultaneously. Meanwhile, the corresponding solutions are given for different cases of the disruption, and the characteristics of the solutions are analyzed. The production plan is proved to he robustness under certain conditions, and the production plan of the coordination strategy is investigated for the disruption with appropriate contractual arrangement, i. e. , a subside rate schedule. Mutual restraints exist between the changed investment sensitivity coefficient and the investment-elasticity when the coordination mecha- nism is used. And the more the number of the retailers in the system, the more the subside provided by the suppler on the coordinaton strategy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10475023)
文摘Injection of high-Z impurities into plasma has been proved to be able to reduce the localized thermal load and mechanical forces on the in-vessel components and the vacuum vessel, caused by disruptions in Tokamaks. An advanced prediction and mitigation system of disruption is implemented in HL-2A to safely shut down plasmas by using the laser ablation of high-Z impurities with a perturbation real-time measuring and processing system. The injection is usually triggered by the amplitude and frequency of the MHD perturbation field which is detected with a Mirnov coil and leads to the onset of a mitigated disruption within a few milliseconds. It could be a simple and potential approach to significantly reducing the plasma thermal energy and magnetic energy before a disruption, thereby achieving safe plasma termination. The plasma response to impurity injection, a mechanism for improving plasma thermal and current quench in major disruptions, the design of the disruption prediction warner, and an evaluation of the mitigation success rate are discussed in the present paper.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2019YFE03050004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11775221 and 51821005)+1 种基金US DOE(Nos.DEFG02-86ER53218 and DESC0018001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities at Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2019kfyXJJS193).
文摘In this study,NIMROD simulations are performed to investigate the effects of massive helium gas injection level on the induced disruption on EAST tokamak.It is demonstrated in simulations that two different scenarios of plasma cooling(complete cooling and partial cooling)take place for different amounts of injected impurities.For the impurity injection above a critical level,a single MHD activity is able to induce a complete core temperature collapse.For impurity injection below the critical level,a series of multiple minor disruptions occur before the complete thermal quench.
基金This research was supported by National Science Foundation of China (60274048)
文摘The coordination problem of a supply chain comprising one supplier and one retailer under market demand disruption is studied in this article. A novel exponential demand function is adopted, and the penalty cost is introduced explicitly to capture the deviation production cost caused by the market demand disruption. The optimal strategies are obtained for different disruption scale under the centralized mode. For the decentralized mode, it is proved that the supply chain can be fully coordinated by adjusting the price discount policy appropriately when disruption occurs. Furthermore, the authors point out that similar results can be established for more general demand functions that represent different market circumstances if certain assumptions are satisfied.
