To provide a much more resilient transport scheme for tractor and trailer transportation systems,this paper explores the generation method of tractor and trailer transport schemes considering the influence of disrupte...To provide a much more resilient transport scheme for tractor and trailer transportation systems,this paper explores the generation method of tractor and trailer transport schemes considering the influence of disrupted events.Three states of tractors including towing loaded trailers,towing empty trailers,and idle driving are taken into account.Based on the disruption management theory,a scheduling model is constructed to minimize the total deviation cost including transportation time,transportation path,and number of used vehicles under the three states of tractors.A heuristics based on the contract net and simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model.Through comparative analysis of examples with different numbers of newly added transportation tasks and different types of road networks,the performance of the contract net algorithm in terms of deviations in idle driving paths,empty trailer paths,loaded trailer paths,time,number of used vehicles,and total deviation cost are analyzed.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm,highlighting the superiority of the disruption management model and the contract net annealing algorithm.The study provides a reference for handling unexpected events in the tractor and trailer transportation industry.展开更多
Objective: The objective of this work is to search for a novel method to explore the disrupted pathways associated with periodontitis(PD) based on the network level.Methods: Firstly, the differential expression genes(...Objective: The objective of this work is to search for a novel method to explore the disrupted pathways associated with periodontitis(PD) based on the network level.Methods: Firstly, the differential expression genes(DEGs) between PD patients and cognitively normal subjects were inferred based on LIMMA package. Then, the proteinprotein interactions(PPI) in each pathway were explored by Empirical Bayesian(EB) coexpression program. Specifically, we determined the 100 th weight value as the threshold value of the disrupted pathways of PPI by constructing the randomly model and confirmed the weight value of each pathway. Meanwhile, we dissected the disrupted pathways under the weight value > the threshold value. Pathways enrichment analyses of DEGs were carried out based on Expression Analysis Systematic Explored(EASE) test. Finally, the better method was selected based on the more rich and significant obtained pathways by comparing the two methods. Results: After the calculation of LIMMA package, we estimated 524 DEGs in all. Then we determined 0.115222 as the threshold value of the disrupted pathways of PPI. When the weight value>0.115222, there were 258 disrupted pathways of PPI enriched in. Additionally, we observed those 524 DEGs that were enriched in 4 pathways under EASE=0.1.Conclusion: We proposed a novel network method inferring the disrupted pathway for PD. The disrupted pathways might be underlying biomarkers for treatment associated with PD.展开更多
The Durkan Complex is a key tectonic element of the Makran accretionary prism(SE Iran)and it has been interpreted as representing a continental margin succession.We present here a multidisciplinary study of the wester...The Durkan Complex is a key tectonic element of the Makran accretionary prism(SE Iran)and it has been interpreted as representing a continental margin succession.We present here a multidisciplinary study of the western Durkan Complex,which is based on new geological,stratigraphic,biostratigraphic data,as well as geochemical data of the volcanic and meta-volcanic rocks forming this complex.Our data show that this complex consists of distinct tectonic slices showing both non-metamorphic and very low-grade metamorphic deformed successions.Stratigraphic and biostratigraphic data allow us to recognize three types of successions.Type-Ⅰis composed by a Coniacian-early Campanian pelagic succession with intercalation of pillow lavas and minor volcaniclastic rocks.Type-Ⅱsuccession includes a volcanic sequence passing to a volcano-sedimentary sequence with Cenomanian pelagic limestones,followed by a hemipelagic sequence.This succession is characterized by abundant mass-transport deposits.Type-Ⅲsuccession includes volcanic and volcano-sedimentary sequences,which are stratigraphically covered by a Cenomanian platform succession.The latter is locally followed by a hemipelagic sequence.The volcanic rocks in the different successions show alkaline geochemical affinity,suggesting an origin from an oceanic within-plate setting.Our new results indicate that the western Durkan Complex represents fragments of seamounts tectonically incorporated in the Makran accretionary wedge during the latest Late Cretaceous-Paleocene.We propose that incorporation of seamounts in the frontal prism caused a shortening of the whole convergent margin and possibly contributed to controlling the deformation style in the Makran Accretionary Wedge during Late Cretaceous-Paleocene times.展开更多
Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that usually colonize the oropharynx,gastrointestinal tract,upper respiratory tract,and vaginal mucosa of humans as a part of the normal flora.[1,2]...Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that usually colonize the oropharynx,gastrointestinal tract,upper respiratory tract,and vaginal mucosa of humans as a part of the normal flora.[1,2]Infections may occur once host defense mechanisms are altered and mucosal barriers are disrupted.[3]The clinical spectrum is wide and includes pharyngitis,sinusitis,abscess formation,puerperal infections,bacteremia,and septic shock.Within this genus,two species are most commonly isolated:Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum(F.necrophorum).F.necrophorum is usually associated with Lemierre’s syndrome,[4,5]a type of septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.展开更多
Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture....Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture.In this study,we utilized male C57BL/6 J mice to investigate the role of SIRT3 in T2DM.Decreased SIRT3 expression and impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanism are observed in both in vitro and in vivo models of T2DM.Mechanistically,SIRT3 suppression results in hyperacetylation of FOXO3,hindering the activation of the PINK1/PRKN mediated mitophagy pathway and resulting in accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria.Genetical overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT3 restores deacetylation status of FOXO3,thus facilitating mitophagy and ameliorating osteogenic impairment in T2DM.Collectively,our findings highlight the fundamental regulatory function of SIRT3 in mitochondrial quality control,crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis in T2DM.These insights not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic osteoporosis but also identify SIRT3 as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic osteoporosis.展开更多
The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system and the peripheral circulation.It tightly modulates the ion transport and nutrient influx,while restricting...The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system and the peripheral circulation.It tightly modulates the ion transport and nutrient influx,while restricting the entry of harmful factors,and selectively limiting the migration of immune cells,thereby maintaining brain homeostasis.Despite the well-established association between blood–brain barrier disruption and most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases,much remains unknown about the factors influencing its physiology and the mechanisms underlying its breakdown.Moreover,the role of blood–brain barrier breakdown in the translational failure underlying therapies for brain disorders is just starting to be understood.This review aims to revisit this concept of“blood–brain barrier breakdown,”delving into the most controversial aspects,prevalent challenges,and knowledge gaps concerning the lack of blood–brain barrier integrity.By moving beyond the oversimplistic dichotomy of an“open”/“bad”or a“closed”/“good”barrier,our objective is to provide a more comprehensive insight into blood–brain barrier dynamics,to identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating blood–brain barrier dysfunction.Furthermore,in this review,we advocate for considering the diverse time-and location-dependent alterations in the blood–brain barrier,which go beyond tight-junction disruption or brain endothelial cell breakdown,illustrated through the dynamics of ischemic stroke as a case study.Through this exploration,we seek to underscore the complexity of blood–brain barrier dysfunction and its implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of brain diseases.展开更多
Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mecha...Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying post-cardiac arrest brain injury have hindered the development of effective neuroprotective strategies.Previous studies primarily focused on neuronal death,potentially overlooking the contributions of non-neuronal cells and intercellular communication to the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest-induced brain injury.To address these gaps,we hypothesized that single-cell transcriptomic analysis could uncover previously unidentified cellular subpopulations,altered cell communication networks,and novel molecular mechanisms involved in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.In this study,we performed a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus from pigs with ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest at 6 and 24 hours following the return of spontaneous circulation,and from sham control pigs.Sequencing results revealed changes in the proportions of different cell types,suggesting post-arrest disruption in the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of neutrophils.These results were validated through western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and immunofluorescence staining.We also identified and validated a unique subcluster of activated microglia with high expression of S100A8,which increased over time following cardiac arrest.This subcluster simultaneously exhibited significant M1/M2 polarization and expressed key functional genes related to chemokines and interleukins.Additionally,we revealed the post-cardiac arrest dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes.Cell communication analysis identified enhanced post-cardiac arrest communication between neutrophils and microglia that was mediated by neutrophil-derived resistin,driving pro-inflammatory microglial polarization.Our findings provide a comprehensive single-cell map of the post-cardiac arrest hippocampus,offering potential novel targets for neuroprotection and repair following cardiac arrest.展开更多
EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact asso...EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact associated with disruptions to ensure the safe operation of EHL-2.This paper evaluates the performance requirements of the disruption prediction system on EHL-2,with a particular focus on applying generalizable knowledge transfer from existing devices to future ones.Furthermore,the key characteristics of disruption mitigation strategies are analyzed,and their overall mitigation performance on EHL-2 is assessed.This insight provides valuable guidance for optimizing the engineering design of EHL-2 and identifying its optimal operational regime.展开更多
The advancement in extraterrestrial exploration has highlighted the crucial need for studying how the human cardiovascular system adapts to space conditions.Human development occurs under the influence of gravity,shie...The advancement in extraterrestrial exploration has highlighted the crucial need for studying how the human cardiovascular system adapts to space conditions.Human development occurs under the influence of gravity,shielded from space radiation by Earth’s magnetic field,and within an environment characterized by 24-hour day-night cycles resulting from Earth’s rotation,thus deviating from these conditions necessitates adaptive responses for survival.With upcoming manned lunar and Martian missions approaching rapidly,it is essential to understand the impact of various stressors induced by outer-space environments on cardiovascular health.This comprehensive review integrates insights from both actual space missions and simulated experiments on Earth,to analyze how microgravity,space radiation,and disrupted circadian affect cardiovascular well-being.Prolonged exposure to microgravity induces myocardial atrophy and endothelial dysfunction,which may be exacerbated by space radiation.Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress emerge as key underlying mechanisms along with disturbances in ion channel perturbations,cytoskeletal damage,and myofibril changes.Disruptions in circadian rhythms caused by factors such as microgravity,light exposure,and irregular work schedules,could further exacerbate cardiovascular issues.However,current research tends to predominantly focus on disruptions in the core clock gene,overlooking the multifactorial nature of circadian rhythm disturbances in space.Future space missions should prioritize targeted prevention strategies and early detection methods for identifying cardiovascular risks,to preserve astronaut health and ensure mission success.展开更多
Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cance...Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cancer cell drug resistance and angiogenesis in tumor cells.Hypoxia-activated chemotherapy will be an ideal supplement to VDAs therapy since it can help to fully utilize the ischemia and hypoxia induced by VDAs to realize a synergistic antitumor therapeutic outcome.Here,we design a liposome whose surface is modified with a tumor-homing peptide Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala(CREKA,which can specifically target tumor vessels and stroma)and whose aqueous cavity and lipid bilayer are loaded by a hypoxia-activatable drug banoxantrone dihydrochloride(AQ4N)and a VDA combretastatin A4(CA4),respectively.CA4 can selectively target vascular endothelial cells and destroy the tumor blood vessels,which will cause the rapid inhibition of blood flow in tumor and enhance the hypoxia in the tumor region.As a consequence,AQ4N can exert its boosted cytotoxicity under the enhanced hypoxic environment.The as-prepared liposome with a uniform particle size exhibits good stability and high cancer cell killing efficacy in vitro.In addition,in vivo experiments confirm the excellent tumortargeting/accumulation,tumor vasculature-damaging,and tumor inhibition effects of the liposome.This work develops a liposomal which can achieve safe and effective tumor suppression without external stimulus excitation by only single injection,and is expected to benefit the future development of effective antitumor liposomal drugs.展开更多
Purpose:This study examines why papers with high CD indices(measuring research disruptiveness)increasingly show reduced citation impact and investigates whether this represents genuine impact reduction or methodologic...Purpose:This study examines why papers with high CD indices(measuring research disruptiveness)increasingly show reduced citation impact and investigates whether this represents genuine impact reduction or methodological artifacts.Design/methodology/approach:We analyzed 29 million papers(1950-2016)using Poisson regression to examine relationships between the CD index and citation count,with controls for fields,team size,and reference count.Findings:Papers with high CD indices showed reduced citation impact over time.However,when controlling for increasing reference counts in papers,this relationship reversed,revealing a positive association.Papers with more references exhibit lower CD indices owing to the index’s sensitivity to the reference count,while achieving higher citation counts.Alternative innovation metrics consistently show positive correlations with citation impact.Research limitations:The approach may not adequately capture the reduced citation impact of highly disruptive papers with fewer references.The analysis is limited to journal articles and shows correlation rather than causality.Practical implications:The apparent undervaluation of disruptive research stems from methodological artifacts in the CD index calculation driven by evolving reference patterns.Researchers should control for the reference count when using this metric.Originality/value:This study reveals that bias against disruptive research is specific to the CD index’s calculation methodology,identifying reference behavior as the key factor affecting the relationship between disruption metrics and citation impact.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardi...This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardin et al 2012 J.Comput.Sci.Discovery 6014002).Using an HL-2A-like equilibrium,we confirm that in the linear phase,the impact of REs on resistive internal kink instabilities is consistent with previous research.In the nonlinear phase,as the runaway current fully replaces the plasmas current,we observe a significant suppression of sawtooth oscillations,with the first sawtooth cycle occurring earlier compared to the case without runaway current.Following the first sawtooth collapse,plasma current density,runaway current density,and safety factor(q)flatten within the q=1 surface,albeit displaying fine structures.Subsequently,the growing high torodial(n)and poloidal(m)mode number modes disrupt the magnetic surfaces,leading to the loss of REs outside the q=1 surface,while minimally affecting the majority of REs well-confined within it.Thus,in the current model,the physical processes associated with the presence of sawtooth oscillations do not effectively dissipate runaway current,as REs are assumed to be collisionless.In addition,the final profile of runaway current density exhibits increased steepening near the q=1 surface in contrast to the initial profile,displaying a distinctive corrugated inhomogeneity influenced by the growing fluctuation of the n=0 component.Finally,detailed convergence tests are conducted to validate the numerical simulations.展开更多
Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptio...Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptions,which cause huge economic losses to airlines and serious passengers’dissatisfaction.This paper proposes a set-partitioning-based model to optimize Aircraft-Gate Reassignment with Transfer Passenger Connections(AGRP-TPC),which incorporates flexible gate-swap and aircraft-delay operations to mitigate the overall impact of disruptions.To efficiently solve the model,we introduce the concepts of additive-transfer and nonstop-transfer to handle passenger connections,and develop a Hierarchical Column-and-Row Generation(HCRG)approach guided by airport terminal space attribute.The column generation and row generation procedures solve iteratively until no new variables and constraints are generated.In addition,a follow-on strategy and a diving heuristic are designed to efficiently obtain high-quality solutions.We evaluate the proposed approach using various instances from a major Chinese international airport.Computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the comparison algorithms and produces good solutions within the time limit.Detailed results indicate that our approach effectively reduces overall losses in aircraft-gate reassignment following disruptions,and it can serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool for airport operators and airlines.展开更多
Thanks to the development of the digital economy and green eco“nomy,the clothing industry is undergoing disruptive changes:sustainable fashion has shifted from a bonus point”to a.basic requirement.According to the“...Thanks to the development of the digital economy and green eco“nomy,the clothing industry is undergoing disruptive changes:sustainable fashion has shifted from a bonus point”to a.basic requirement.According to the“2025-2030 Fashion Clothing Industry Development Trend Analysis and Future Investment Strategy Consulting Research Report”.展开更多
Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using smal...Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using small-molecule drugs to enhance siRNA endo-lysosomal release,addressing this challenge.We encapsulated gentamicin(GM)into the marketed Onpattro■ formulation to establish LNP-siRNA/GM nanoparticles that promote siRNA endo-lysosomal escape through endosomal disruption,mechanistically exhibiting unique functionality and synergistic effects of LNP-siRNA/GM to improve cancer therapy.Besides,GM induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)and phospholipids accumulation in endolysosomes,as well as the physical characteristics of lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)were preserved.We also revealed that GM causes endo-lysosomal swelling and disrupts the endosomal membrane to enable siRNA release,as confirmed by Galectin 3 recruitment and acridine orange release.This approach achieved∼81%mRNA-EGFR silencing,which is more than LNP-siEGFR(∼56.23%)by enhancing siRNA endo-lysosomal escape efficiency.Meanwhile,LNP-siEGFR/GM exhibited significant biological activities in HepG2 cells,driven by the synergistic effects of siEGFR and GM with the VEGF and CXCL12 downregulation of,and ROS and phospholipids upregulation.Furthermore,tumor growth was notably suppressed after intravenous injection of LNP-siEGFR/GM in tumor-bearing nude mice.The combination of EGFR-siRNA and GM could also greatly inhibit angiogenesis,be antiproliferative,and induce tumor cells apoptosis.Therefore,this GM and siRNA co-delivery system would provide an efficient strategy for siRNA endosomal escape,significantly improving knockdown in various LNPs based siRNA delivery systems and efficiently enhancing cancer therapy.展开更多
Objective:Circadian rhythm disruption(CRD)is a risk factor that correlates with poor prognosis across multiple tumor types,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,its mechanism remains unclear.This study aimed...Objective:Circadian rhythm disruption(CRD)is a risk factor that correlates with poor prognosis across multiple tumor types,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,its mechanism remains unclear.This study aimed to define HCC subtypes based on CRD and explore their individual heterogeneity.Methods:To quantify CRD,the HCC CRD score(HCCcrds)was developed.Using machine learning algorithms,we identified CRD module genes and defined CRD-related HCC subtypes in The Cancer Genome Atlas liver HCC cohort(n=369),and the robustness of this method was validated.Furthermore,we used bioinformatics tools to investigate the cellular heterogeneity across these CRD subtypes.Results:We defined three distinct HCC subtypes that exhibit significant heterogeneity in prognosis.The CRD-related subtype with high HCCcrds was significantly correlated with worse prognosis,higher pathological grade,and advanced clinical stages,while the CRD-related subtype with low HCCcrds had better clinical outcomes.We also identified novel biomarkers for each subtype,such as nicotinamide nmethyltransferase and myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate-like 1.Conclusion:We classify the HCC patients into three distinct groups based on circadian rhythm and identify their specific biomarkers.Within these groups greater HCCcrds was associated with worse prognosis.This approach has the potential to improve prediction of an individual’s prognosis,guide precision treatments,and assist clinical decision making for HCC patients.展开更多
Climate and weather significantly influence the duration,timing,and intensity of disease outbreaks,reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases.Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven ...Climate and weather significantly influence the duration,timing,and intensity of disease outbreaks,reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases.Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven by climate change can directly impact the survival and reproduction of pathogens and vector organisms.Moreover,climate change is expected to exacerbate extreme weather events,including floods and droughts,which can disrupt infrastructure and increase the risk of waterand foodborne diseases.There are potential shifts in the temporal and spatial patterns of infectious disease transmission owing to climate change.Furthermore,climate change may alter the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases.These climatic variations not only affect the ecological characteristics of pathogens and vectors but also indirectly influence human behaviors and socioeconomic conditions,further amplifying disease transmission risks.Addressing this challenge requires an interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive public health strategies.This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of climate change on climate-sensitive infectious diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and transmission pathways.Additionally,we explored adaptive policy strategies to mitigate the public health burden of infectious diseases in the context of climate change,offering insights for global health governance and disease control efforts.展开更多
This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor an...This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor and its adverse physiological effects,we discuss how occupations like healthcare,hospitality,and emergency services are similarly affected.The study by Lin et al provides critical insights into these dynamics and lays the groundwork for understanding nocturnal duty’s multifaceted impact on human health.展开更多
The endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)and antibiotics are causing negative effects on human beings and animals by disrupting the endocrine system and spreading antimicrobial resistance.The current need is to eradica...The endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)and antibiotics are causing negative effects on human beings and animals by disrupting the endocrine system and spreading antimicrobial resistance.The current need is to eradicate pharmaceutical waste from water bodies using advanced catalytic systems with high efficiency.Novel ternary carbon quantum dots(CQDs)decorated Z-Scheme WS_(2)-PANI nanocomposite was prepared by a green synthesis assisted in-situ polymerization for the photodegradation and detection of Estradiol(EST)and Nitrofurantoin(NFT).HRTEM micrographs revealed the formation of CQDs with a mean size of 4nm anchored on the surface of WS_(2)/PANI(width:PANI~20-30nm).The ternary nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic activity,degraded NFT(95.7%in 60min),and EST(96.6%in 60min).The rate kinetics study confirms the reaction followed pseudo first-order model.This heterostructure exhibited enhanced performances by modulating the energy level configuration,enhancing the absorption of visible light(2.4eV),and significantly improving the charge separation,three times higher than pristine WS_(2).These are highly favorable for increasing the generation of photoinduced charges and enhancing the overall performance of the catalyst.Further,the electrochemical sensor was prepared using CQDs@WS_(2)/PANI nanocomposite on a paper-based electrode.The CQDs@WS_(2)/PANI exhibit a linear response of 0.1-100nM,with a limit of detection of 13nM.This synergistic interfacial interaction resulted in the significantly improved electrochemical performance of the modified electrode.The proposed Z-scheme was justified by electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)and scavenger experiment.An intermediate degradation pathway was also proposed.The synthesized materials were characterized using FESEM,HRTEM,XRD,FTIR,XPS,UV-visible spectroscopy,PL,and TRPL.Therefore,this study provides a direct approach to fabricate a heterojunction that combines two-dimensional,one dimensional,and zero-dimensional properties,enabling control over the energy level configuration and subsequent improvements in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic efficiency.展开更多
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52362055)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Grant No.2021AC19334)Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(Grant No.AA23062053).
文摘To provide a much more resilient transport scheme for tractor and trailer transportation systems,this paper explores the generation method of tractor and trailer transport schemes considering the influence of disrupted events.Three states of tractors including towing loaded trailers,towing empty trailers,and idle driving are taken into account.Based on the disruption management theory,a scheduling model is constructed to minimize the total deviation cost including transportation time,transportation path,and number of used vehicles under the three states of tractors.A heuristics based on the contract net and simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model.Through comparative analysis of examples with different numbers of newly added transportation tasks and different types of road networks,the performance of the contract net algorithm in terms of deviations in idle driving paths,empty trailer paths,loaded trailer paths,time,number of used vehicles,and total deviation cost are analyzed.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm,highlighting the superiority of the disruption management model and the contract net annealing algorithm.The study provides a reference for handling unexpected events in the tractor and trailer transportation industry.
文摘Objective: The objective of this work is to search for a novel method to explore the disrupted pathways associated with periodontitis(PD) based on the network level.Methods: Firstly, the differential expression genes(DEGs) between PD patients and cognitively normal subjects were inferred based on LIMMA package. Then, the proteinprotein interactions(PPI) in each pathway were explored by Empirical Bayesian(EB) coexpression program. Specifically, we determined the 100 th weight value as the threshold value of the disrupted pathways of PPI by constructing the randomly model and confirmed the weight value of each pathway. Meanwhile, we dissected the disrupted pathways under the weight value > the threshold value. Pathways enrichment analyses of DEGs were carried out based on Expression Analysis Systematic Explored(EASE) test. Finally, the better method was selected based on the more rich and significant obtained pathways by comparing the two methods. Results: After the calculation of LIMMA package, we estimated 524 DEGs in all. Then we determined 0.115222 as the threshold value of the disrupted pathways of PPI. When the weight value>0.115222, there were 258 disrupted pathways of PPI enriched in. Additionally, we observed those 524 DEGs that were enriched in 4 pathways under EASE=0.1.Conclusion: We proposed a novel network method inferring the disrupted pathway for PD. The disrupted pathways might be underlying biomarkers for treatment associated with PD.
基金funded by Darius Project(Head M.Marroni)by the PRA project of the Pisa University(Head S.Rocchi),grants from IGG-CNRFAR-2018 Project of the Ferrara University(Head E.S.and V.L.)。
文摘The Durkan Complex is a key tectonic element of the Makran accretionary prism(SE Iran)and it has been interpreted as representing a continental margin succession.We present here a multidisciplinary study of the western Durkan Complex,which is based on new geological,stratigraphic,biostratigraphic data,as well as geochemical data of the volcanic and meta-volcanic rocks forming this complex.Our data show that this complex consists of distinct tectonic slices showing both non-metamorphic and very low-grade metamorphic deformed successions.Stratigraphic and biostratigraphic data allow us to recognize three types of successions.Type-Ⅰis composed by a Coniacian-early Campanian pelagic succession with intercalation of pillow lavas and minor volcaniclastic rocks.Type-Ⅱsuccession includes a volcanic sequence passing to a volcano-sedimentary sequence with Cenomanian pelagic limestones,followed by a hemipelagic sequence.This succession is characterized by abundant mass-transport deposits.Type-Ⅲsuccession includes volcanic and volcano-sedimentary sequences,which are stratigraphically covered by a Cenomanian platform succession.The latter is locally followed by a hemipelagic sequence.The volcanic rocks in the different successions show alkaline geochemical affinity,suggesting an origin from an oceanic within-plate setting.Our new results indicate that the western Durkan Complex represents fragments of seamounts tectonically incorporated in the Makran accretionary wedge during the latest Late Cretaceous-Paleocene.We propose that incorporation of seamounts in the frontal prism caused a shortening of the whole convergent margin and possibly contributed to controlling the deformation style in the Makran Accretionary Wedge during Late Cretaceous-Paleocene times.
文摘Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that usually colonize the oropharynx,gastrointestinal tract,upper respiratory tract,and vaginal mucosa of humans as a part of the normal flora.[1,2]Infections may occur once host defense mechanisms are altered and mucosal barriers are disrupted.[3]The clinical spectrum is wide and includes pharyngitis,sinusitis,abscess formation,puerperal infections,bacteremia,and septic shock.Within this genus,two species are most commonly isolated:Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum(F.necrophorum).F.necrophorum is usually associated with Lemierre’s syndrome,[4,5]a type of septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2021YFA1201404)National Natural Science Foundation of China Major Project (81991514)+6 种基金General Project (82272530, 82372459)Jiangsu Province Medical Innovation Center of Orthopedic Surgery (CXZX202214)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Center FoundationJiangsu Provincial Medical Outstanding Talent FoundationJiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent FoundationJiangsu Provincial Key Medical Talent Foundationthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (14380493, 14380494)
文摘Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture.In this study,we utilized male C57BL/6 J mice to investigate the role of SIRT3 in T2DM.Decreased SIRT3 expression and impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanism are observed in both in vitro and in vivo models of T2DM.Mechanistically,SIRT3 suppression results in hyperacetylation of FOXO3,hindering the activation of the PINK1/PRKN mediated mitophagy pathway and resulting in accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria.Genetical overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT3 restores deacetylation status of FOXO3,thus facilitating mitophagy and ameliorating osteogenic impairment in T2DM.Collectively,our findings highlight the fundamental regulatory function of SIRT3 in mitochondrial quality control,crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis in T2DM.These insights not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic osteoporosis but also identify SIRT3 as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic osteoporosis.
基金supported by the grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(SAF2017-85602-R)the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(PID2020-119638RB-I00 to EGR)FPU-program(FPU17/02616 to JCG)。
文摘The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system and the peripheral circulation.It tightly modulates the ion transport and nutrient influx,while restricting the entry of harmful factors,and selectively limiting the migration of immune cells,thereby maintaining brain homeostasis.Despite the well-established association between blood–brain barrier disruption and most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases,much remains unknown about the factors influencing its physiology and the mechanisms underlying its breakdown.Moreover,the role of blood–brain barrier breakdown in the translational failure underlying therapies for brain disorders is just starting to be understood.This review aims to revisit this concept of“blood–brain barrier breakdown,”delving into the most controversial aspects,prevalent challenges,and knowledge gaps concerning the lack of blood–brain barrier integrity.By moving beyond the oversimplistic dichotomy of an“open”/“bad”or a“closed”/“good”barrier,our objective is to provide a more comprehensive insight into blood–brain barrier dynamics,to identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating blood–brain barrier dysfunction.Furthermore,in this review,we advocate for considering the diverse time-and location-dependent alterations in the blood–brain barrier,which go beyond tight-junction disruption or brain endothelial cell breakdown,illustrated through the dynamics of ischemic stroke as a case study.Through this exploration,we seek to underscore the complexity of blood–brain barrier dysfunction and its implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of brain diseases.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China,Nos.82325031(to FX),82030059(to YC),82102290(to YG),U23A20485(to YC)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2023ZD0505504(to FX),2023ZD0505500(to YC)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,No.2022ZLGX03(to YC).
文摘Global brain ischemia and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest that lead to high mortality.Despite advancements in resuscitation science,our limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying post-cardiac arrest brain injury have hindered the development of effective neuroprotective strategies.Previous studies primarily focused on neuronal death,potentially overlooking the contributions of non-neuronal cells and intercellular communication to the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest-induced brain injury.To address these gaps,we hypothesized that single-cell transcriptomic analysis could uncover previously unidentified cellular subpopulations,altered cell communication networks,and novel molecular mechanisms involved in post-cardiac arrest brain injury.In this study,we performed a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus from pigs with ventricular fibrillation-induced cardiac arrest at 6 and 24 hours following the return of spontaneous circulation,and from sham control pigs.Sequencing results revealed changes in the proportions of different cell types,suggesting post-arrest disruption in the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of neutrophils.These results were validated through western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and immunofluorescence staining.We also identified and validated a unique subcluster of activated microglia with high expression of S100A8,which increased over time following cardiac arrest.This subcluster simultaneously exhibited significant M1/M2 polarization and expressed key functional genes related to chemokines and interleukins.Additionally,we revealed the post-cardiac arrest dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes.Cell communication analysis identified enhanced post-cardiac arrest communication between neutrophils and microglia that was mediated by neutrophil-derived resistin,driving pro-inflammatory microglial polarization.Our findings provide a comprehensive single-cell map of the post-cardiac arrest hippocampus,offering potential novel targets for neuroprotection and repair following cardiac arrest.
基金supported by the ENN Group,the ENN Energy Research Institute and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205122).
文摘EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion reactor.Due to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact associated with disruptions to ensure the safe operation of EHL-2.This paper evaluates the performance requirements of the disruption prediction system on EHL-2,with a particular focus on applying generalizable knowledge transfer from existing devices to future ones.Furthermore,the key characteristics of disruption mitigation strategies are analyzed,and their overall mitigation performance on EHL-2 is assessed.This insight provides valuable guidance for optimizing the engineering design of EHL-2 and identifying its optimal operational regime.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(82125004).
文摘The advancement in extraterrestrial exploration has highlighted the crucial need for studying how the human cardiovascular system adapts to space conditions.Human development occurs under the influence of gravity,shielded from space radiation by Earth’s magnetic field,and within an environment characterized by 24-hour day-night cycles resulting from Earth’s rotation,thus deviating from these conditions necessitates adaptive responses for survival.With upcoming manned lunar and Martian missions approaching rapidly,it is essential to understand the impact of various stressors induced by outer-space environments on cardiovascular health.This comprehensive review integrates insights from both actual space missions and simulated experiments on Earth,to analyze how microgravity,space radiation,and disrupted circadian affect cardiovascular well-being.Prolonged exposure to microgravity induces myocardial atrophy and endothelial dysfunction,which may be exacerbated by space radiation.Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress emerge as key underlying mechanisms along with disturbances in ion channel perturbations,cytoskeletal damage,and myofibril changes.Disruptions in circadian rhythms caused by factors such as microgravity,light exposure,and irregular work schedules,could further exacerbate cardiovascular issues.However,current research tends to predominantly focus on disruptions in the core clock gene,overlooking the multifactorial nature of circadian rhythm disturbances in space.Future space missions should prioritize targeted prevention strategies and early detection methods for identifying cardiovascular risks,to preserve astronaut health and ensure mission success.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education(No.GKE-KF202305)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor,and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211510)。
文摘Vascular disrupting agents(VDAs)can destroy tumor vasculature and lead to tumor ischemia and hypoxia,resulting in tumor necrosis.However,VDAs are easy to induce the upregulation of genes that are associated with cancer cell drug resistance and angiogenesis in tumor cells.Hypoxia-activated chemotherapy will be an ideal supplement to VDAs therapy since it can help to fully utilize the ischemia and hypoxia induced by VDAs to realize a synergistic antitumor therapeutic outcome.Here,we design a liposome whose surface is modified with a tumor-homing peptide Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala(CREKA,which can specifically target tumor vessels and stroma)and whose aqueous cavity and lipid bilayer are loaded by a hypoxia-activatable drug banoxantrone dihydrochloride(AQ4N)and a VDA combretastatin A4(CA4),respectively.CA4 can selectively target vascular endothelial cells and destroy the tumor blood vessels,which will cause the rapid inhibition of blood flow in tumor and enhance the hypoxia in the tumor region.As a consequence,AQ4N can exert its boosted cytotoxicity under the enhanced hypoxic environment.The as-prepared liposome with a uniform particle size exhibits good stability and high cancer cell killing efficacy in vitro.In addition,in vivo experiments confirm the excellent tumortargeting/accumulation,tumor vasculature-damaging,and tumor inhibition effects of the liposome.This work develops a liposomal which can achieve safe and effective tumor suppression without external stimulus excitation by only single injection,and is expected to benefit the future development of effective antitumor liposomal drugs.
基金supported by the Basic Research Program for Young Students(Doctoral Students)of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(#724B2015)。
文摘Purpose:This study examines why papers with high CD indices(measuring research disruptiveness)increasingly show reduced citation impact and investigates whether this represents genuine impact reduction or methodological artifacts.Design/methodology/approach:We analyzed 29 million papers(1950-2016)using Poisson regression to examine relationships between the CD index and citation count,with controls for fields,team size,and reference count.Findings:Papers with high CD indices showed reduced citation impact over time.However,when controlling for increasing reference counts in papers,this relationship reversed,revealing a positive association.Papers with more references exhibit lower CD indices owing to the index’s sensitivity to the reference count,while achieving higher citation counts.Alternative innovation metrics consistently show positive correlations with citation impact.Research limitations:The approach may not adequately capture the reduced citation impact of highly disruptive papers with fewer references.The analysis is limited to journal articles and shows correlation rather than causality.Practical implications:The apparent undervaluation of disruptive research stems from methodological artifacts in the CD index calculation driven by evolving reference patterns.Researchers should control for the reference count when using this metric.Originality/value:This study reveals that bias against disruptive research is specific to the CD index’s calculation methodology,identifying reference behavior as the key factor affecting the relationship between disruption metrics and citation impact.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFE03040002)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan (No.2022NSFSC1814)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.12305246,12175053 and 12261131622)the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (No.CN23GR02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported by US Department of Energy (No.DE-AC0209CH11466)。
文摘This study investigates the influence of runaway current in runaway plasmas on the dynamics of sawtooth oscillations and resultant loss of runaway electrons(RE)using the 3D magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)code M3D-C^(1)(Jardin et al 2012 J.Comput.Sci.Discovery 6014002).Using an HL-2A-like equilibrium,we confirm that in the linear phase,the impact of REs on resistive internal kink instabilities is consistent with previous research.In the nonlinear phase,as the runaway current fully replaces the plasmas current,we observe a significant suppression of sawtooth oscillations,with the first sawtooth cycle occurring earlier compared to the case without runaway current.Following the first sawtooth collapse,plasma current density,runaway current density,and safety factor(q)flatten within the q=1 surface,albeit displaying fine structures.Subsequently,the growing high torodial(n)and poloidal(m)mode number modes disrupt the magnetic surfaces,leading to the loss of REs outside the q=1 surface,while minimally affecting the majority of REs well-confined within it.Thus,in the current model,the physical processes associated with the presence of sawtooth oscillations do not effectively dissipate runaway current,as REs are assumed to be collisionless.In addition,the final profile of runaway current density exhibits increased steepening near the q=1 surface in contrast to the initial profile,displaying a distinctive corrugated inhomogeneity influenced by the growing fluctuation of the n=0 component.Finally,detailed convergence tests are conducted to validate the numerical simulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2333218).
文摘Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptions,which cause huge economic losses to airlines and serious passengers’dissatisfaction.This paper proposes a set-partitioning-based model to optimize Aircraft-Gate Reassignment with Transfer Passenger Connections(AGRP-TPC),which incorporates flexible gate-swap and aircraft-delay operations to mitigate the overall impact of disruptions.To efficiently solve the model,we introduce the concepts of additive-transfer and nonstop-transfer to handle passenger connections,and develop a Hierarchical Column-and-Row Generation(HCRG)approach guided by airport terminal space attribute.The column generation and row generation procedures solve iteratively until no new variables and constraints are generated.In addition,a follow-on strategy and a diving heuristic are designed to efficiently obtain high-quality solutions.We evaluate the proposed approach using various instances from a major Chinese international airport.Computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the comparison algorithms and produces good solutions within the time limit.Detailed results indicate that our approach effectively reduces overall losses in aircraft-gate reassignment following disruptions,and it can serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool for airport operators and airlines.
文摘Thanks to the development of the digital economy and green eco“nomy,the clothing industry is undergoing disruptive changes:sustainable fashion has shifted from a bonus point”to a.basic requirement.According to the“2025-2030 Fashion Clothing Industry Development Trend Analysis and Future Investment Strategy Consulting Research Report”.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81502688)Cooperation Research Funding of Capital Medical University(2020KJ000514)+1 种基金Cooperation Research Funding of Capital Medical University(2023KJ000814)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202210025024).
文摘Efficient siRNA delivery is highly desirable for disease treatment.However,the application of conventional nanoparticles is limited by the inability to escape from endo-lysosomes.Herein,we report a strategy using small-molecule drugs to enhance siRNA endo-lysosomal release,addressing this challenge.We encapsulated gentamicin(GM)into the marketed Onpattro■ formulation to establish LNP-siRNA/GM nanoparticles that promote siRNA endo-lysosomal escape through endosomal disruption,mechanistically exhibiting unique functionality and synergistic effects of LNP-siRNA/GM to improve cancer therapy.Besides,GM induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)and phospholipids accumulation in endolysosomes,as well as the physical characteristics of lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)were preserved.We also revealed that GM causes endo-lysosomal swelling and disrupts the endosomal membrane to enable siRNA release,as confirmed by Galectin 3 recruitment and acridine orange release.This approach achieved∼81%mRNA-EGFR silencing,which is more than LNP-siEGFR(∼56.23%)by enhancing siRNA endo-lysosomal escape efficiency.Meanwhile,LNP-siEGFR/GM exhibited significant biological activities in HepG2 cells,driven by the synergistic effects of siEGFR and GM with the VEGF and CXCL12 downregulation of,and ROS and phospholipids upregulation.Furthermore,tumor growth was notably suppressed after intravenous injection of LNP-siEGFR/GM in tumor-bearing nude mice.The combination of EGFR-siRNA and GM could also greatly inhibit angiogenesis,be antiproliferative,and induce tumor cells apoptosis.Therefore,this GM and siRNA co-delivery system would provide an efficient strategy for siRNA endosomal escape,significantly improving knockdown in various LNPs based siRNA delivery systems and efficiently enhancing cancer therapy.
基金supported by Tianjian advanced biomedical laboratory key research and development projectHenan Province Natural Science Foundation(grant number:242300421283)+1 种基金Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development(grant number:242102311176)Henan Province medical science and technology research project(grant number:SBGJ202403038)。
文摘Objective:Circadian rhythm disruption(CRD)is a risk factor that correlates with poor prognosis across multiple tumor types,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,its mechanism remains unclear.This study aimed to define HCC subtypes based on CRD and explore their individual heterogeneity.Methods:To quantify CRD,the HCC CRD score(HCCcrds)was developed.Using machine learning algorithms,we identified CRD module genes and defined CRD-related HCC subtypes in The Cancer Genome Atlas liver HCC cohort(n=369),and the robustness of this method was validated.Furthermore,we used bioinformatics tools to investigate the cellular heterogeneity across these CRD subtypes.Results:We defined three distinct HCC subtypes that exhibit significant heterogeneity in prognosis.The CRD-related subtype with high HCCcrds was significantly correlated with worse prognosis,higher pathological grade,and advanced clinical stages,while the CRD-related subtype with low HCCcrds had better clinical outcomes.We also identified novel biomarkers for each subtype,such as nicotinamide nmethyltransferase and myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate-like 1.Conclusion:We classify the HCC patients into three distinct groups based on circadian rhythm and identify their specific biomarkers.Within these groups greater HCCcrds was associated with worse prognosis.This approach has the potential to improve prediction of an individual’s prognosis,guide precision treatments,and assist clinical decision making for HCC patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 72122001).
文摘Climate and weather significantly influence the duration,timing,and intensity of disease outbreaks,reshaping the global landscape of infectious diseases.Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns driven by climate change can directly impact the survival and reproduction of pathogens and vector organisms.Moreover,climate change is expected to exacerbate extreme weather events,including floods and droughts,which can disrupt infrastructure and increase the risk of waterand foodborne diseases.There are potential shifts in the temporal and spatial patterns of infectious disease transmission owing to climate change.Furthermore,climate change may alter the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases.These climatic variations not only affect the ecological characteristics of pathogens and vectors but also indirectly influence human behaviors and socioeconomic conditions,further amplifying disease transmission risks.Addressing this challenge requires an interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive public health strategies.This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of climate change on climate-sensitive infectious diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and transmission pathways.Additionally,we explored adaptive policy strategies to mitigate the public health burden of infectious diseases in the context of climate change,offering insights for global health governance and disease control efforts.
文摘This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor and its adverse physiological effects,we discuss how occupations like healthcare,hospitality,and emergency services are similarly affected.The study by Lin et al provides critical insights into these dynamics and lays the groundwork for understanding nocturnal duty’s multifaceted impact on human health.
基金supported by (Dr. Manika Khanuja, Nanomission, (DST)[DST/NM/NB/2018/203(G) (JMI)]UGC grant (No.F.4(201-FRP)/2015 (BSR))
文摘The endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)and antibiotics are causing negative effects on human beings and animals by disrupting the endocrine system and spreading antimicrobial resistance.The current need is to eradicate pharmaceutical waste from water bodies using advanced catalytic systems with high efficiency.Novel ternary carbon quantum dots(CQDs)decorated Z-Scheme WS_(2)-PANI nanocomposite was prepared by a green synthesis assisted in-situ polymerization for the photodegradation and detection of Estradiol(EST)and Nitrofurantoin(NFT).HRTEM micrographs revealed the formation of CQDs with a mean size of 4nm anchored on the surface of WS_(2)/PANI(width:PANI~20-30nm).The ternary nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic activity,degraded NFT(95.7%in 60min),and EST(96.6%in 60min).The rate kinetics study confirms the reaction followed pseudo first-order model.This heterostructure exhibited enhanced performances by modulating the energy level configuration,enhancing the absorption of visible light(2.4eV),and significantly improving the charge separation,three times higher than pristine WS_(2).These are highly favorable for increasing the generation of photoinduced charges and enhancing the overall performance of the catalyst.Further,the electrochemical sensor was prepared using CQDs@WS_(2)/PANI nanocomposite on a paper-based electrode.The CQDs@WS_(2)/PANI exhibit a linear response of 0.1-100nM,with a limit of detection of 13nM.This synergistic interfacial interaction resulted in the significantly improved electrochemical performance of the modified electrode.The proposed Z-scheme was justified by electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)and scavenger experiment.An intermediate degradation pathway was also proposed.The synthesized materials were characterized using FESEM,HRTEM,XRD,FTIR,XPS,UV-visible spectroscopy,PL,and TRPL.Therefore,this study provides a direct approach to fabricate a heterojunction that combines two-dimensional,one dimensional,and zero-dimensional properties,enabling control over the energy level configuration and subsequent improvements in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic efficiency.
