Managing invasive species requires identifying the factors that determine alien species invasion success.This study investigates how anthropogenic and biogeographical factors influence alien plant invasion in the Sany...Managing invasive species requires identifying the factors that determine alien species invasion success.This study investigates how anthropogenic and biogeographical factors influence alien plant invasion in the Sanyang Wetlands,a human-dominated island system in Wenzhou City,China.Specifically,we analyzed whether human activities(e.g.,habitat heterogeneity,proportion of road area,and cultivation)and island characteristics(e.g.,island area,isolation)affect the diversity of native and invasive plant species similarly.We also assessed the applicability of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography to invasive plant species diversity and examined how these factors affect invasive plant species with different dispersal syndromes(anemochore,zoochore,and autochore).We found that both invasive and native species richness positively correlate with island area,habitat heterogeneity,and proportion of road area.However,although native species richness was negatively correlated with isolation,invasive species richness was not.The diversity and composition of invasive species with different dispersal syndromes were determined by different variables;for example,the composition and diversity of zoochores was increased by habitat heterogeneity,while anemochore species richness was increased by the proportion of road area,whereas anemochore species composition was influenced by distance to the nearest island.We conclude that habitat fragmentation differentially affects invasive and native plant diversity,aligning with the predictions of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography only for native species but not for invasive species.Our findings indicate that tailoring habitat attributes and regulating human activities could be effective strategies for mitigating the spread of invasive species in fragmented landscapes.展开更多
Background:Dispersal is an important event for most organisms at least once in their life cycle.The evolution of dispersal can be infuenced by local adaptation,landscape structure,and perceived temporal and spatial va...Background:Dispersal is an important event for most organisms at least once in their life cycle.The evolution of dispersal can be infuenced by local adaptation,landscape structure,and perceived temporal and spatial variation.The interaction between local adaptation,landscape heterogeneity,temporal variability and rules of dispersal may be more complex than previously assumed.Therefore,we sought to understand the infuence of emigration rules and landscape structure on emerging dispersal rates and traits.Here,we implemented an individual-based model(IBM)of trait evolution in scenarios characterized by diferent landscape structures and diferent degrees of spatial heterogeneity and global temporal variation.Individuals could evolve two traits coding for their environmental niche(position of niche optimum and niche width),and two traits determining nearest-neighbor dispersal:an individual emigrates with a probability defned by the frst trait(random emigration),but emigrates with certainty if the fertility expected in the patch of residence falls below a threshold specifed by the second trait(habitat-dependent emigration).Results:We note an interaction efect between dispersal strategy and spatial variance—lower emigration under habitat-dependent than under random emigration if spatial heterogeneity is low,but eventually a reversal of this ranking if heterogeneity becomes large.Landscapes with sharp transition of habitat attributes result in a high degree of spatial sorting,while fractal landscapes do not.Emigration rates are overall lowest,when spatial variation is highest.Conclusions:We conclude that emergent emigration rates are infuenced more by landscape structure and spatiotemporal heterogeneity than by the emigration strategy.With the ongoing land use change more research into this topic could help highlight the difculties species might face under the change from landscapes characterized by gradual transition zones to landscapes dominated by abrupt ecotones,the latter typical for agricultural and urban settings.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D program(2023YFE0124900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271606)the Research Project of Wenzhou Ecological Park Management Committee(SY2022ZD-1001-03).
文摘Managing invasive species requires identifying the factors that determine alien species invasion success.This study investigates how anthropogenic and biogeographical factors influence alien plant invasion in the Sanyang Wetlands,a human-dominated island system in Wenzhou City,China.Specifically,we analyzed whether human activities(e.g.,habitat heterogeneity,proportion of road area,and cultivation)and island characteristics(e.g.,island area,isolation)affect the diversity of native and invasive plant species similarly.We also assessed the applicability of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography to invasive plant species diversity and examined how these factors affect invasive plant species with different dispersal syndromes(anemochore,zoochore,and autochore).We found that both invasive and native species richness positively correlate with island area,habitat heterogeneity,and proportion of road area.However,although native species richness was negatively correlated with isolation,invasive species richness was not.The diversity and composition of invasive species with different dispersal syndromes were determined by different variables;for example,the composition and diversity of zoochores was increased by habitat heterogeneity,while anemochore species richness was increased by the proportion of road area,whereas anemochore species composition was influenced by distance to the nearest island.We conclude that habitat fragmentation differentially affects invasive and native plant diversity,aligning with the predictions of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography only for native species but not for invasive species.Our findings indicate that tailoring habitat attributes and regulating human activities could be effective strategies for mitigating the spread of invasive species in fragmented landscapes.
基金funded by the German Research Foundation DFG,KU 3384-1/1.
文摘Background:Dispersal is an important event for most organisms at least once in their life cycle.The evolution of dispersal can be infuenced by local adaptation,landscape structure,and perceived temporal and spatial variation.The interaction between local adaptation,landscape heterogeneity,temporal variability and rules of dispersal may be more complex than previously assumed.Therefore,we sought to understand the infuence of emigration rules and landscape structure on emerging dispersal rates and traits.Here,we implemented an individual-based model(IBM)of trait evolution in scenarios characterized by diferent landscape structures and diferent degrees of spatial heterogeneity and global temporal variation.Individuals could evolve two traits coding for their environmental niche(position of niche optimum and niche width),and two traits determining nearest-neighbor dispersal:an individual emigrates with a probability defned by the frst trait(random emigration),but emigrates with certainty if the fertility expected in the patch of residence falls below a threshold specifed by the second trait(habitat-dependent emigration).Results:We note an interaction efect between dispersal strategy and spatial variance—lower emigration under habitat-dependent than under random emigration if spatial heterogeneity is low,but eventually a reversal of this ranking if heterogeneity becomes large.Landscapes with sharp transition of habitat attributes result in a high degree of spatial sorting,while fractal landscapes do not.Emigration rates are overall lowest,when spatial variation is highest.Conclusions:We conclude that emergent emigration rates are infuenced more by landscape structure and spatiotemporal heterogeneity than by the emigration strategy.With the ongoing land use change more research into this topic could help highlight the difculties species might face under the change from landscapes characterized by gradual transition zones to landscapes dominated by abrupt ecotones,the latter typical for agricultural and urban settings.
