Clarifying the evolution structure of public opinion induced and spread by fragmentation in college students’ network circle group is the key to understanding college students’ online social psychological demands, g...Clarifying the evolution structure of public opinion induced and spread by fragmentation in college students’ network circle group is the key to understanding college students’ online social psychological demands, grasping the development trend of public opinion, and designing targeted public opinion governance strategies. On the basis of identifying the key variables in the process of public opinion communication, DEMATEL-ISM model is used to explore the attribute positioning, relative importance level and hierarchical association mechanism of ante-variable and result variable, and then the governance strategies for fragment disordering public opinion in network circle groups of college students is designed. According to the study, exogenous stimuli, the uniqueness of discourse system, the number of spectacular texts and micro-narrative mode constituted the deep-rooted causes of fragment disordering public opinion. The unique situational and information attributes of network circle groups often become an important “booster” of disordered public opinion. The topic deviation is often accompanied with the formation of negative emotions. The corresponding public opinion governance strategies are sought from the aspects of shaping the network environment, adjusting the operation mechanism of the network circle group, improving the efficiency of using fragmented information, and optimizing the human resources of colleges.展开更多
Taking experimental path on disordering AuCuI（AAuCu8A4）composed of A Au8 and ACu4 stem alloy genes as an example, three discoveries and a method were presented. The ability of Au Cu I（AAu Cu8 A4）to keep structure ...Taking experimental path on disordering AuCuI（AAuCu8A4）composed of A Au8 and ACu4 stem alloy genes as an example, three discoveries and a method were presented. The ability of Au Cu I（AAu Cu8 A4）to keep structure stabilization against changing temperature is attributed to the fact that the AAu8 and ACu4 potential well depths greatly surpass their vibration energies, which leads to the subequilibrium of experimental path. A new atom movement mechanism of AuCuI（AAuACu84）to change structure for suiting variation in temperature is the resonance activating-synchro alternating of alloy genes, which leads to heterogeneous and successive subequilibrium transitions. There exists jumping order degree, which leads to the existence of jumping Tj-temperature and an unexpected so-called ＂retro-effect＂ about jumping temperature retrograde shift to lower temperatures upon the increasing heating rate. A set of subequilibrium holographic network path charts were obtained by the experimental mixed enthalpy path method.展开更多
Internal friction and micro-creep measurements were performed with high-purity aluminium bamboo-crystal specimens.The relaxation strength was found to decrease with the decrease of temperature and became zero at about...Internal friction and micro-creep measurements were performed with high-purity aluminium bamboo-crystal specimens.The relaxation strength was found to decrease with the decrease of temperature and became zero at about 0.4 T_m(T_m is the melting temperature).This re- flects the occurrence of local disordering in the bamboo boundary region at this temperature. This result conforms to the picture of grain-boundary disordering constructed by atomic simulation studies.展开更多
This paper performs the density functional theory calculations to obtain some factors influencing the response of pyrochlores Gd2B207 （B = Ti, Sn, Zr） to ion irradiation-induced amorphization. The 48f oxygen positio...This paper performs the density functional theory calculations to obtain some factors influencing the response of pyrochlores Gd2B207 （B = Ti, Sn, Zr） to ion irradiation-induced amorphization. The 48f oxygen position parameter x, cohesive energy, bond type and defect-formation energy are discussed. The results show that parameter x can be used to indicate the disordering tendencies within a given pyrochlore family. Bond type, cohesive energy and defect-formation energies can be used to explain some experimental observations, but they are not determined exclusively by radiation ＂resistance＂ for a different pyrochlore family.展开更多
Controlled disordering of substitutional and interstitial site occupation at high pressure can lead to important changes in the structural and physical properties of iron–nickel nitrides.Despite important progress th...Controlled disordering of substitutional and interstitial site occupation at high pressure can lead to important changes in the structural and physical properties of iron–nickel nitrides.Despite important progress that has been achieved,structural characterization of ternary Fe–Ni–N compounds remains an open problem owing to the considerable technical challenges faced by current synthetic and structural approaches for fabrication of bulk ternary nitrides.Here,iron–nickel nitride samples are synthesized as spherical-like bulk materials through a novel highpressure solid-state metathesis reaction.By employing a wide array of techniques,namely,neutron powder diffraction,Rietveld refinement methods combined with synchrotron radiation angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy,and transmission electron microscopy,we demonstrate that high-temperature and high-pressure confinement conditions favor substitutional and interstitial site disordering in ternary iron–nickel nitrides.In addition,the effects of interstitial nitrogen atoms and disorderly substituted nickel atoms on the elastic properties of the materials are discussed.展开更多
A new method that stabilizes network-based systems with both bounded delay and packet disordering is discussed under the state feedback controller. A novel model, fully describing the dynamic characteristic of network...A new method that stabilizes network-based systems with both bounded delay and packet disordering is discussed under the state feedback controller. A novel model, fully describing the dynamic characteristic of network-based systems with packet disordering, is constructed. Different from the existing models of network-based systems, the number of delay items is time-varying in the model proposed. Further, this model is converted into a parameter-uncertain discrete-time system with time-varying delay item numbers in terms of matrix theory. Moreover, the less conservative stability condition is obtained by avoiding utilisation of Moon et al.’ inequality and bounding inequalities for quadratic functional terms. By solving a minization problem based on linear matrix inequalities, the state feedback controller is presented. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
All intermetallic phases have a tendency to atomic long-range ordering, according to the ordering energy, they may be permanently ordered (up to the melting-point) or reversibly ordered (up to a critical temperature)....All intermetallic phases have a tendency to atomic long-range ordering, according to the ordering energy, they may be permanently ordered (up to the melting-point) or reversibly ordered (up to a critical temperature). The paper considers ways of disordering intermetallic phases, in relation to the ordering energy and diffusivities, and some properties of partially ordered intermetallic phases (including mechanical properties) The kinetics of re-ordering of disordered starting material will be examined,including sluggishly ordering phases (which can be aided by concurrent irradiation). The circumstances under which a partially disordered intermetallic phase may transform into an amorphous form will be outlined.展开更多
Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial ...Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to severe structural degradation caused by irreversible O release.Herein,we introduce a three-in-one strategy of increasing Ni and Mn content,along with Li/Ni disordering and TM–O covalency regulation to boost cationic and anionic redox activity simultaneously and thus enhance the electrochemical activity of LLOs.The target material,Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.168)Mn_(0.558)Co_(0.074)O_(2)(L1),exhibits an improved ICE of 87.2%and specific capacity of 293.2 mA h g^(-1)and minimal voltage decay of less than 0.53 m V cycle-1over 300 cycles at 1C,compared to Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(Ls)(274.4 mA h g^(-1)for initial capacity,73.8%for ICE and voltage decay of 0.84 mV/cycle over 300 cycles at 1C).Theoretical calculations reveal that the density of states (DOS) area near the Fermi energy level for L1 is larger than that of Ls,indicating higher anionic and cationic redox reactivity than Ls.Moreover,L1 exhibits increased O-vacancy formation energy due to higher Li/Ni disordering of 4.76%(quantified by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement) and enhanced TM–O covalency,making lattice O release more difficult and thus improving electrochemical stability.The increased Li/Ni disordering also leads to more Ni^(2+)presence in the Li layer,which acts as a pillar during Li+de-embedding,improving structural stability.This research not only presents a viable approach to designing low-Co LLOs with enhanced capacity and ICE but also contributes significantly to the fundamental understanding of structural regulation in high-performance LIB cathodes.展开更多
Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central ne...Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxid...Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarke...Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed in manic patients compared to controls, and dysregulation of miR-134,-152,-607,-633,-652,-155 occurred in euthymic patients compared to controls. Finally, microRNAs such as miR-34a,-34b,-34c,-137, and-140-3p,-21-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-134,-19b-3p were shown to have diagnostic potential in distinguishing bipolar disorder patients from schizophrenia or major depressive disorder patients, respectively. Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having bipolar disorder and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.展开更多
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental challenges.In the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an impo...The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental challenges.In the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an important component of the hypothalamicpituitary-a d renal axis's negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and neuroplasticity.The glucoco rticoid receptor influences cognitive processes,including glutamate neurotransmission,calcium signaling,and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated pathways,through a combination of genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.Protein interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor,there by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and stress-related cognitive functions.An appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function,while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucoco rticoids may lead to cognitive impairment.Patients with cognitive impairment-associated diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,aging,depression,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,stroke,and addiction,often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor expression.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucoco rticoid receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and cognitive activities.It emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling fa cilitates learning and memory,while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive impairment.This provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to ove rcome cognitive disability-related disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic im...BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management strategies.Vascular and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated damage.With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural changes.AIM To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic neuritis.METHODS This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NMOSD and 17 MOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy controls.Macular vascular density(MVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using OCTA.RESULTS There was a significant reduction in MVD in NMOSD and MOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy controls.NMOSD and MOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy controls.NMOSD unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to MOGAD unaffected eyes.On comparing NMOSD with MOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of MVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected eyes.CONCLUSION Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NMOSD and MOGAD cases.展开更多
妊娠期高血压疾病(hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,HDP)是一类妊娠和血压升高并存的产科常见并发症,涵盖了妊娠期高血压(gestational hypertension,GH)、子痫前期(preeclampsia,PE)、妊娠合并慢性高血压(chronic hypertension)和...妊娠期高血压疾病(hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,HDP)是一类妊娠和血压升高并存的产科常见并发症,涵盖了妊娠期高血压(gestational hypertension,GH)、子痫前期(preeclampsia,PE)、妊娠合并慢性高血压(chronic hypertension)和慢性高血压并发子痫前期(chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia)。这些疾病是导致孕产妇及围产儿死亡的主要原因之一。展开更多
INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depres...INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.展开更多
BACKGROUND Family caregivers of cirrhosis patients(CPs)often experience burden,stress,and depression.Investigating whether these conditions improve following the patient undergoing liver transplantation(LT)is crucial,...BACKGROUND Family caregivers of cirrhosis patients(CPs)often experience burden,stress,and depression.Investigating whether these conditions improve following the patient undergoing liver transplantation(LT)is crucial,as it would elucidate the compre-hensive benefits of the procedure and demonstrate the positive impacts not only on the patients but also on their caregivers and society.AIM To compare the levels of burden,stress and depression among family caregivers of cirrhotic and liver transplant patients.METHODS This cross-sectional observational study evaluated caregivers of CPs and LT recipients at a quaternary Brazilian hospital.Instruments included identification cards,interview scripts,the caregiver burden scale Inventory,Lipp’s Stress Symptom Inventory,and the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition.Psychometric analyses involved confirmatory factor analysis and calculation of McDonald’s omega and composite reliability.Factor scores were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test,with effect size as the rank-biserial correlation coefficient(r).Statistical analysis was performed with R software(P<0.05).RESULTS Seventy-seven CP caregivers and 65 LT recipient caregivers were included.Most were female(CP:85.7%vs LT:84.6%)and the patients’spouses(76.6%vs 63.1%).The median age and caregiving duration were 55.4(23.3-76.3)vs 54.6(25.7-82.1)and 3.9(1-20)vs 8(1.5-24)years,respectively(P=0.001).LT caregivers were less likely to be at risk of overload(21.5%vs 49.4%),to be under stress(33.8%vs 36.4%)and to show symptoms of depression(15.4%vs 35.1%).Compared with LT caregivers,CP caregivers had greater median factor scores for burden(general tension,P=0.012;isolation,P=0.014;disappointment,P=0.004),depression(P=0.008),and stress(P=0.047),with small to moderate effect sizes.The disappointment(r=0.240)and depression(r=0.225)dimensions had the largest effect sizes.CONCLUSION Family caregivers of LT recipients are less likely to exhibit symptoms of burden,stress,and depression,suggesting that the benefits of LT extend to the patients’family members.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to analyse the trend of the mental disorder spectrum in children and adolescents from 2014 to 2022 in one city in Central China and to provide actionable recommendations for the prevention a...Objective This study aimed to analyse the trend of the mental disorder spectrum in children and adolescents from 2014 to 2022 in one city in Central China and to provide actionable recommendations for the prevention and management of mental disorders.Methods In this hospital-based retrospective study,we utilized child and adolescent medical records data from the Wuhan Mental Health Center from January 2014 to December 2022 and examined the top 5 mental disorders(schizophrenia,depressive episode,bipolar disorder,pervasive developmental disorder,and unspecified mood disorder)that accounted for the overall proportion of patients admitted.The rank and proportion of these mental disorders,demographic characteristics and disease indicators were analysed.Results There was a significant upwards trend in the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders over the past 9 years,with a sharp decline in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,followed by a rebound in 2021 and a sustained level above prepandemic figures by 2022.The average age of hospitalization decreased significantly from 20.7 to 16.2 years,with a marked increase in the 12-17-year-old age group.The proportion of female hospitalizations increased from 39.2%to 55.2%,with a corresponding decrease in male hospitalizations.There was a notable decrease in the proportion of schizophrenia cases and an ascent of depressive episode to the most prevalent position.Conclusion This study emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions and resources for severe mental disorders in children and adolescents and the importance of early detection and management of mental disorders to mitigate long-term effects on well-being and development.展开更多
Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National In...Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as a"severe problem".The central nervous system is the primary target of alcohol's adverse effects.It is crucial to identify various neurological disorders associated with AUD,including alcohol withdrawal syndrome,Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,Marchiafava-Bignami disease,dementia,and neuropathy.To gain a better understanding of the neurological environment of alcoholism and to shed light on the role of various neurotransmitters in the phenomenon of alcoholism.A comprehensive search of online databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,was conducted to identify relevant articles.Several neurotransmitters(dopamine,gammaaminobutyric acid,serotonin,and glutamate)have been linked to alcoholism due to a brain imbalance.Alcoholism appears to be a complex genetic disorder,with variations in many genes influencing risk.Some of these genes have been identified,including two alcohol metabolism genes,alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene,which have the most potent known effects on the risk of alcoholism.Neuronal degeneration and demyelination in people with AUD may be caused by neuronal damage,nutrient deficiencies,and blood brain barrier dysfunction;however,the underlying mechanism is unknown.This review will provide a detailed overview of the neurobiology of alcohol addiction,followed by recent studies published in the genetics of alcohol addiction,molecular mechanism and detailed information on the various acute and chronic neurological manifestations of alcoholism for the Future research.展开更多
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory.The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at...Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory.The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term potentiation.Postsynaptically,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term potentiation.In this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and depression.Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform.Although TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions.Targeting TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.展开更多
Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a complex mixture derived from adipose tissue,consisting of a variety of cells.Due to its potential for tissue repair,immunomod-ulation,and support of angiogenesis,SVF represents a pro...Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a complex mixture derived from adipose tissue,consisting of a variety of cells.Due to its potential for tissue repair,immunomod-ulation,and support of angiogenesis,SVF represents a promising frontier in regenerative medicine and offers potential therapy for a range of disease condi-tions.In this article,we delve into the mechanisms through which SVF exerts its effects and explore its potential applications in treating both male and female reproductive disorders,including erectile dysfunction,testicular injury,stress urinary incontinence and intrauterine adhesion.展开更多
文摘Clarifying the evolution structure of public opinion induced and spread by fragmentation in college students’ network circle group is the key to understanding college students’ online social psychological demands, grasping the development trend of public opinion, and designing targeted public opinion governance strategies. On the basis of identifying the key variables in the process of public opinion communication, DEMATEL-ISM model is used to explore the attribute positioning, relative importance level and hierarchical association mechanism of ante-variable and result variable, and then the governance strategies for fragment disordering public opinion in network circle groups of college students is designed. According to the study, exogenous stimuli, the uniqueness of discourse system, the number of spectacular texts and micro-narrative mode constituted the deep-rooted causes of fragment disordering public opinion. The unique situational and information attributes of network circle groups often become an important “booster” of disordered public opinion. The topic deviation is often accompanied with the formation of negative emotions. The corresponding public opinion governance strategies are sought from the aspects of shaping the network environment, adjusting the operation mechanism of the network circle group, improving the efficiency of using fragmented information, and optimizing the human resources of colleges.
基金Project(51071181)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013FJ4043)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Taking experimental path on disordering AuCuI（AAuCu8A4）composed of A Au8 and ACu4 stem alloy genes as an example, three discoveries and a method were presented. The ability of Au Cu I（AAu Cu8 A4）to keep structure stabilization against changing temperature is attributed to the fact that the AAu8 and ACu4 potential well depths greatly surpass their vibration energies, which leads to the subequilibrium of experimental path. A new atom movement mechanism of AuCuI（AAuACu84）to change structure for suiting variation in temperature is the resonance activating-synchro alternating of alloy genes, which leads to heterogeneous and successive subequilibrium transitions. There exists jumping order degree, which leads to the existence of jumping Tj-temperature and an unexpected so-called ＂retro-effect＂ about jumping temperature retrograde shift to lower temperatures upon the increasing heating rate. A set of subequilibrium holographic network path charts were obtained by the experimental mixed enthalpy path method.
文摘Internal friction and micro-creep measurements were performed with high-purity aluminium bamboo-crystal specimens.The relaxation strength was found to decrease with the decrease of temperature and became zero at about 0.4 T_m(T_m is the melting temperature).This re- flects the occurrence of local disordering in the bamboo boundary region at this temperature. This result conforms to the picture of grain-boundary disordering constructed by atomic simulation studies.
文摘This paper performs the density functional theory calculations to obtain some factors influencing the response of pyrochlores Gd2B207 （B = Ti, Sn, Zr） to ion irradiation-induced amorphization. The 48f oxygen position parameter x, cohesive energy, bond type and defect-formation energy are discussed. The results show that parameter x can be used to indicate the disordering tendencies within a given pyrochlore family. Bond type, cohesive energy and defect-formation energies can be used to explain some experimental observations, but they are not determined exclusively by radiation ＂resistance＂ for a different pyrochlore family.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2030107 and 11774247)the Joint Usage/Research Center PRIUS,Ehime University,Japan.
文摘Controlled disordering of substitutional and interstitial site occupation at high pressure can lead to important changes in the structural and physical properties of iron–nickel nitrides.Despite important progress that has been achieved,structural characterization of ternary Fe–Ni–N compounds remains an open problem owing to the considerable technical challenges faced by current synthetic and structural approaches for fabrication of bulk ternary nitrides.Here,iron–nickel nitride samples are synthesized as spherical-like bulk materials through a novel highpressure solid-state metathesis reaction.By employing a wide array of techniques,namely,neutron powder diffraction,Rietveld refinement methods combined with synchrotron radiation angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy,and transmission electron microscopy,we demonstrate that high-temperature and high-pressure confinement conditions favor substitutional and interstitial site disordering in ternary iron–nickel nitrides.In addition,the effects of interstitial nitrogen atoms and disorderly substituted nickel atoms on the elastic properties of the materials are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60874057 60725312+3 种基金 61074029)the Liaoning Provincal Foundation of Science and Technology (20082023)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (20092083)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project (20100471488)
文摘A new method that stabilizes network-based systems with both bounded delay and packet disordering is discussed under the state feedback controller. A novel model, fully describing the dynamic characteristic of network-based systems with packet disordering, is constructed. Different from the existing models of network-based systems, the number of delay items is time-varying in the model proposed. Further, this model is converted into a parameter-uncertain discrete-time system with time-varying delay item numbers in terms of matrix theory. Moreover, the less conservative stability condition is obtained by avoiding utilisation of Moon et al.’ inequality and bounding inequalities for quadratic functional terms. By solving a minization problem based on linear matrix inequalities, the state feedback controller is presented. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘All intermetallic phases have a tendency to atomic long-range ordering, according to the ordering energy, they may be permanently ordered (up to the melting-point) or reversibly ordered (up to a critical temperature). The paper considers ways of disordering intermetallic phases, in relation to the ordering energy and diffusivities, and some properties of partially ordered intermetallic phases (including mechanical properties) The kinetics of re-ordering of disordered starting material will be examined,including sluggishly ordering phases (which can be aided by concurrent irradiation). The circumstances under which a partially disordered intermetallic phase may transform into an amorphous form will be outlined.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52202046)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2021JQ-034)。
文摘Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to severe structural degradation caused by irreversible O release.Herein,we introduce a three-in-one strategy of increasing Ni and Mn content,along with Li/Ni disordering and TM–O covalency regulation to boost cationic and anionic redox activity simultaneously and thus enhance the electrochemical activity of LLOs.The target material,Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.168)Mn_(0.558)Co_(0.074)O_(2)(L1),exhibits an improved ICE of 87.2%and specific capacity of 293.2 mA h g^(-1)and minimal voltage decay of less than 0.53 m V cycle-1over 300 cycles at 1C,compared to Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(Ls)(274.4 mA h g^(-1)for initial capacity,73.8%for ICE and voltage decay of 0.84 mV/cycle over 300 cycles at 1C).Theoretical calculations reveal that the density of states (DOS) area near the Fermi energy level for L1 is larger than that of Ls,indicating higher anionic and cationic redox reactivity than Ls.Moreover,L1 exhibits increased O-vacancy formation energy due to higher Li/Ni disordering of 4.76%(quantified by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement) and enhanced TM–O covalency,making lattice O release more difficult and thus improving electrochemical stability.The increased Li/Ni disordering also leads to more Ni^(2+)presence in the Li layer,which acts as a pillar during Li+de-embedding,improving structural stability.This research not only presents a viable approach to designing low-Co LLOs with enhanced capacity and ICE but also contributes significantly to the fundamental understanding of structural regulation in high-performance LIB cathodes.
文摘Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071442 (to LS)a grant from the Jilin Provincial Department of Finance,No.JLSWSRCZX2021-004 (to LS)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
文摘Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed in manic patients compared to controls, and dysregulation of miR-134,-152,-607,-633,-652,-155 occurred in euthymic patients compared to controls. Finally, microRNAs such as miR-34a,-34b,-34c,-137, and-140-3p,-21-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-134,-19b-3p were shown to have diagnostic potential in distinguishing bipolar disorder patients from schizophrenia or major depressive disorder patients, respectively. Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having bipolar disorder and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371444(to YZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2022CFB216(to XC)the Key Research Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2022ZD021160(to YZ)。
文摘The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental challenges.In the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an important component of the hypothalamicpituitary-a d renal axis's negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and neuroplasticity.The glucoco rticoid receptor influences cognitive processes,including glutamate neurotransmission,calcium signaling,and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated pathways,through a combination of genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.Protein interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor,there by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and stress-related cognitive functions.An appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function,while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucoco rticoids may lead to cognitive impairment.Patients with cognitive impairment-associated diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,aging,depression,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,stroke,and addiction,often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor expression.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucoco rticoid receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and cognitive activities.It emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling fa cilitates learning and memory,while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive impairment.This provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to ove rcome cognitive disability-related disorders.
文摘BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management strategies.Vascular and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated damage.With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural changes.AIM To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic neuritis.METHODS This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NMOSD and 17 MOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy controls.Macular vascular density(MVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using OCTA.RESULTS There was a significant reduction in MVD in NMOSD and MOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy controls.NMOSD and MOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy controls.NMOSD unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to MOGAD unaffected eyes.On comparing NMOSD with MOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of MVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected eyes.CONCLUSION Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NMOSD and MOGAD cases.
文摘妊娠期高血压疾病(hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,HDP)是一类妊娠和血压升高并存的产科常见并发症,涵盖了妊娠期高血压(gestational hypertension,GH)、子痫前期(preeclampsia,PE)、妊娠合并慢性高血压(chronic hypertension)和慢性高血压并发子痫前期(chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia)。这些疾病是导致孕产妇及围产儿死亡的主要原因之一。
基金funded by the Construction Project of the"Flagship"Department of Chinese and Western Medicine Coordination(LiuL/2024-221)the 2024 Medical Service and Security Capacity Improvement Project(National Clinical Key Specialty Construction)(LiuL/Huwei Medical/2024-65)+5 种基金the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Project(LiuL/No.2023JSP03)the Shanghai Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Clinical)(LiuL/2024-No.3)the Shanghai Technical Standardization Management and Promotion Project(LiuL/No.SHDC22023212)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(2022)(LiuL/No.2022Cx004)Clinical research project of Shanghai Health Commission-Youth Project(LW/No.20214Y0056)Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health(LW/No.SZB2023201).
文摘INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.
文摘BACKGROUND Family caregivers of cirrhosis patients(CPs)often experience burden,stress,and depression.Investigating whether these conditions improve following the patient undergoing liver transplantation(LT)is crucial,as it would elucidate the compre-hensive benefits of the procedure and demonstrate the positive impacts not only on the patients but also on their caregivers and society.AIM To compare the levels of burden,stress and depression among family caregivers of cirrhotic and liver transplant patients.METHODS This cross-sectional observational study evaluated caregivers of CPs and LT recipients at a quaternary Brazilian hospital.Instruments included identification cards,interview scripts,the caregiver burden scale Inventory,Lipp’s Stress Symptom Inventory,and the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition.Psychometric analyses involved confirmatory factor analysis and calculation of McDonald’s omega and composite reliability.Factor scores were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test,with effect size as the rank-biserial correlation coefficient(r).Statistical analysis was performed with R software(P<0.05).RESULTS Seventy-seven CP caregivers and 65 LT recipient caregivers were included.Most were female(CP:85.7%vs LT:84.6%)and the patients’spouses(76.6%vs 63.1%).The median age and caregiving duration were 55.4(23.3-76.3)vs 54.6(25.7-82.1)and 3.9(1-20)vs 8(1.5-24)years,respectively(P=0.001).LT caregivers were less likely to be at risk of overload(21.5%vs 49.4%),to be under stress(33.8%vs 36.4%)and to show symptoms of depression(15.4%vs 35.1%).Compared with LT caregivers,CP caregivers had greater median factor scores for burden(general tension,P=0.012;isolation,P=0.014;disappointment,P=0.004),depression(P=0.008),and stress(P=0.047),with small to moderate effect sizes.The disappointment(r=0.240)and depression(r=0.225)dimensions had the largest effect sizes.CONCLUSION Family caregivers of LT recipients are less likely to exhibit symptoms of burden,stress,and depression,suggesting that the benefits of LT extend to the patients’family members.
文摘Objective This study aimed to analyse the trend of the mental disorder spectrum in children and adolescents from 2014 to 2022 in one city in Central China and to provide actionable recommendations for the prevention and management of mental disorders.Methods In this hospital-based retrospective study,we utilized child and adolescent medical records data from the Wuhan Mental Health Center from January 2014 to December 2022 and examined the top 5 mental disorders(schizophrenia,depressive episode,bipolar disorder,pervasive developmental disorder,and unspecified mood disorder)that accounted for the overall proportion of patients admitted.The rank and proportion of these mental disorders,demographic characteristics and disease indicators were analysed.Results There was a significant upwards trend in the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders over the past 9 years,with a sharp decline in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic,followed by a rebound in 2021 and a sustained level above prepandemic figures by 2022.The average age of hospitalization decreased significantly from 20.7 to 16.2 years,with a marked increase in the 12-17-year-old age group.The proportion of female hospitalizations increased from 39.2%to 55.2%,with a corresponding decrease in male hospitalizations.There was a notable decrease in the proportion of schizophrenia cases and an ascent of depressive episode to the most prevalent position.Conclusion This study emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions and resources for severe mental disorders in children and adolescents and the importance of early detection and management of mental disorders to mitigate long-term effects on well-being and development.
文摘Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as a"severe problem".The central nervous system is the primary target of alcohol's adverse effects.It is crucial to identify various neurological disorders associated with AUD,including alcohol withdrawal syndrome,Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,Marchiafava-Bignami disease,dementia,and neuropathy.To gain a better understanding of the neurological environment of alcoholism and to shed light on the role of various neurotransmitters in the phenomenon of alcoholism.A comprehensive search of online databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,was conducted to identify relevant articles.Several neurotransmitters(dopamine,gammaaminobutyric acid,serotonin,and glutamate)have been linked to alcoholism due to a brain imbalance.Alcoholism appears to be a complex genetic disorder,with variations in many genes influencing risk.Some of these genes have been identified,including two alcohol metabolism genes,alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene,which have the most potent known effects on the risk of alcoholism.Neuronal degeneration and demyelination in people with AUD may be caused by neuronal damage,nutrient deficiencies,and blood brain barrier dysfunction;however,the underlying mechanism is unknown.This review will provide a detailed overview of the neurobiology of alcohol addiction,followed by recent studies published in the genetics of alcohol addiction,molecular mechanism and detailed information on the various acute and chronic neurological manifestations of alcoholism for the Future research.
基金supported by Postdoc Fellowship from the Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics(FT2022-005 to JM,PD2023-001 to XY,and FT2024-001 to YAH)STTR R41 MH118747(to JM)。
文摘Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory.The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term potentiation.Postsynaptically,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term potentiation.In this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and depression.Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform.Although TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions.Targeting TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.
文摘Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a complex mixture derived from adipose tissue,consisting of a variety of cells.Due to its potential for tissue repair,immunomod-ulation,and support of angiogenesis,SVF represents a promising frontier in regenerative medicine and offers potential therapy for a range of disease condi-tions.In this article,we delve into the mechanisms through which SVF exerts its effects and explore its potential applications in treating both male and female reproductive disorders,including erectile dysfunction,testicular injury,stress urinary incontinence and intrauterine adhesion.
