While some research has explored racial and ethnic differences in disordered eating, this study may be the first to examine these differences in orthorexia nervosa, involving obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behavior...While some research has explored racial and ethnic differences in disordered eating, this study may be the first to examine these differences in orthorexia nervosa, involving obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors concerning healthy eating, which negatively impact one’s life. Adult participants, recruited from college courses and social media, completed an online survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Regarding racial and ethnic background, 743 were White, 249 were Hispanic, 87 were Black, 61 were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 110 were biracial/multiracial. A MANCOVA revealed that the racial and ethnic groups did not differ on the ONI subscales assessing orthorexic behaviors, impairments, and emotions, after accounting for gender, BMI, and EAT-26 total scores that were covariates. In contrast, a second MANCOVA did reveal group differences on the EAT-26 subscales, after accounting for gender, BMI, and ONI total scores that were covariates. Black participants scored significantly lower than the other racial and ethnic groups on the subscale assessing dieting behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa, and the subscale assessing binge-eating and purging behaviors characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Further, Hispanic participants scored significantly lower than White participants on the latter subscale. These findings suggest that while orthorexic symptomatology does not differ based on race and ethnicity, a Black race and Hispanic ethnicity may be protective factors against disordered eating, perhaps related either to cultural norms concerning body image or to the resiliency and social support among the Black and Hispanic communities.展开更多
The prevalence of concerns about food and body weight among non-elite multisport endurance athletes is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating and the...The prevalence of concerns about food and body weight among non-elite multisport endurance athletes is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating and their association with performance among 162 non-elite athletes involved in multisport endurance summer and winter events. Self-reported symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating were assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 （EAT-26） questionnaire. The mean EAT-26 score （~ SEM） was 6.5 ~ 0.5 and only 9 athletes （5.6%） scored 20 arbitrary units or above. In multivariate regression stepwise analyses, the EAT-26 score （~ = 0.145, P = 0.0003） significantly predicted percent ranking. These findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of disordered eating is low among non-elite multisport endurance athletes. However, greater concerns regarding food intake and body weight may be associated with poorer performance even among non-elite athletes with normal BMI values and at the lower end of the EAT-26 score.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(DT1)in adolescents brings behavioural changes,altered nutritional habits,and eating disorders.AIM To identify and analyze the validated instruments that examine the disordered eating behavio...BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(DT1)in adolescents brings behavioural changes,altered nutritional habits,and eating disorders.AIM To identify and analyze the validated instruments that examine the disordered eating behaviour and eating disorders among adolescents with DT1.METHODS An integrative review was accomplished based on the following databases:PubMed,LILACS,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Science,and Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),including publications in Portuguese,English,or Spanish,without time limit and time published.RESULTS The main instruments to evaluate disordered eating behaviour were The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised,The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey,and the eating attitudes test-26,and for eating disorders the main instruments used were The Bulimic Investigation Test of Edinburgh,The Binge Eating Scale,The Child Eating Disorder Examination,The five questions of the(Sick,Control,One,Fat and Food),and The Mind Youth Questionnaire.These instruments showed an effect in evaluating risks regarding nutritional habits or feeding grievances,with outcomes related to weight control,inadequate use of insulin,and glycaemia unmanageability.We did not identify publication bias.CONCLUSION Around the world,the most used scale to study the risk of disordered eating behaviour or eating disorder is The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised.International researchers use this scale to identify high scores in adolescents with DT1 and a relationship with poorer glycemic control and psychological problems related to body image.展开更多
BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for ...BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.展开更多
Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be...Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.展开更多
BACKGROUND Eating disorders(EDs)have increasingly become a public health problem globally,especially among children and adolescents.AIM To estimate the burden of EDs in children and adolescents(ages 5-19 years)at the ...BACKGROUND Eating disorders(EDs)have increasingly become a public health problem globally,especially among children and adolescents.AIM To estimate the burden of EDs in children and adolescents(ages 5-19 years)at the global,regional,and national levels.METHODS Retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 for EDs,including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa,we extracted the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and prevalence rates with 95%uncertainty intervals between 1990-2019.The temporal trends of the DALYs and prevalence rates of EDs were assessed according to the estimated annual percentage changes.RESULTS In our study,we found that the burden of EDs continuously increased globally from 1990 to 2019.Although females accounted for more EDs cases,the burden of EDs in males had a greater increment.Meanwhile,the burden of EDs was associated with the high sociodemographic index(SDI)over the past 30 years and the human development indexes in 2019.CONCLUSION EDs,predominantly in high-income countries,are rising globally,especially in Asia,highlighting the need for resource planning and medical policy prioritization across all SDI quintiles.展开更多
The question of the link between pregnancy and eating disorders is an important question. At the moment, there are few concrete answers for these patients. Despite common fertility challenges, patients who suffer from...The question of the link between pregnancy and eating disorders is an important question. At the moment, there are few concrete answers for these patients. Despite common fertility challenges, patients who suffer from ED are able to access maternity. ED and pregnancy can either have an easy evolution or experience a lot of trouble. Many studies describe obstetrical and foetal complications (low birthweight, inadequate intra-uterine growth, small head circumference, miscarriage, caesarean section). Those patients are frequently reluctant to address their disease with their specialist, who also often doesn’t know how to screen the signs. The lack of official data to train the specialists further increases these difficulties. However, ED are frequent in the general population and young patients are likely to eventually want to become mothers. It is thus essential to know how to screen those patients early and accurately to improve their treatment and care. Eating disorders impact the pregnancy, the delivery and the postpartum as well as the growth of the baby. It is an important public health problem. The evolution from being a woman to becoming a mother is a difficult one, and even more so when the women is suffering from ED. Those patients must handle their nutritional fears, the anxiety about their body changing with pregnancy and the daily challenges. The early interactions with their baby have consequences on their development. It seems necessary to evaluate how to improve the screening and the patient care in ED patients. Screening should begin from the pregnancy desire to the postpartum. This patient care should be based on a multidisciplinary care team.展开更多
Introduction: From their earliest hours, human beings are able to identify a source of food and to feed themselves. Feeding is therefore one of the most instinctive human functions. It is regulated by several factors ...Introduction: From their earliest hours, human beings are able to identify a source of food and to feed themselves. Feeding is therefore one of the most instinctive human functions. It is regulated by several factors (physiological, psycho-affective and environmental) whose disruption can lead to eating disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate eating disorders among students in the town of Parakou in 2023. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to July 2023 in various universities in the city of Parakou, Benin. The study population consisted of all students in grades 1 to 7 at these universities. A two-stage non-proportional stratified sampling technique combined with a simple random draw was adopted. The Eating Attitude Test-26, Bulimia Inventory Test Edinburgh and a set of questions focusing on the diagnostic criteria for pica were used to screen for pica and other disorders such as anorexia, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 25. Results: A total of 607 students were surveyed, 323 of whom had eating disorders. A prevalence of 53.21% of students at risk of eating disorders was found. In relation to the total population, the prevalences of anorexia, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and pica were 45.96%, 0.82%, 15.48% and 12.68% respectively. In multivariate analysis, seven factors explained the risk to develop at least one eating disorder among the students surveyed. These were: urban area of residence (OR (95% CI) = 5.059 (1.75 - 14.65);p = 0.003);year of study (OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.28 - 0.79);p = 0.035);type of university attended (private university: OR (95% CI) = 1.63 (1.08 - 2.44);p = 0.019);parents’ marital status (couple or not) (OR (95% CI) = 1.50 (1.01 - 2.24);p = 0.046);father’s level of education: secondary (OR (CI 95%) = 3.85 (1.96 - 7.54);p 0.001)/higher (OR (CI 95%) = 2.83 (1.36 - 5.86);p = 0.005);mother’s one: secondary (OR (CI 95%) = 0.30 (0.18 - 0.51);p 0.001)/superior (OR (CI 95%) = 0.31 (0.16 - 0.61);p = 0.001);the presence of doubtful (OR (CI95% = 1.69 (1.11 - 2.58);p = 0.009) or certain anxiety symptomatology (OR (CI 95%) = 1.69 (1.11 - 2.58);p = 0.009). Conclusion: More than half the students in Parakou had at least one eating disorder. Diagnostic studies are needed, even if preventive actions are already necessary.展开更多
Eating disorders are among the deadliest mental illnesses known to occur. Eating disorders directly cause 10,200 deaths each year, which is one death every 52 minutes. About 9% of the global population is affected by ...Eating disorders are among the deadliest mental illnesses known to occur. Eating disorders directly cause 10,200 deaths each year, which is one death every 52 minutes. About 9% of the global population is affected by eating disorders at some point during their lifetime. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the onset of eating disorders. Specifically, we examine biological factors, such as genetics, family history and the neuroscience behind eating disorders;furthermore, we explore psychological factors including other mental health conditions and their correlation, personality traits and behavioral risk factors;lastly, we consider social factors related to the onset of eating disorders, such as childhood and social environment, the media, and demographic factors.展开更多
Background In light of growing concern over eating disorders among young athletes amid cultural and social pressures,this study aimed to assess the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa(ON)risk and evaluate body image perc...Background In light of growing concern over eating disorders among young athletes amid cultural and social pressures,this study aimed to assess the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa(ON)risk and evaluate body image perception and its predictive factors among young football players from Poland and Türkiye.Methods The study involved 171 players aged 15–18 years,recruited from football academies in Poland and Türkiye.The Polish and Turkish versions of the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults(BESAA)were administered to assess body image perception,while the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale(DOS)was used to measure ON risk.Anthropometric measurements were taken to calculate Body Mass Index(BMI),which was then referenced to centile charts to determine nutritional status.Results Results indicated that 13%of participants exhibited characteristics of ON,with an additional 26%classified as at elevated risk.Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in ON prevalence between Polish and Turkish players(p=0.938)and no age-related differences(p=0.694).Among Polish players,a significant positive association emerged between BMI(relative to centile charts)and overall appearance evaluation(BE-Appearance)(p=0.008,partialη^(2)=0.10).This relationship was not observed in Turkish players.Moreover,analysis of ON risk predictors—including age,nationality,nutritional status,and body image—did not identify any single variable as a definitive predictor(all p-values>0.05),with a low predictive capacity(McFadden’s R^(2)=0.03).Conclusion The study revealed a significant risk of ON among young footballers with no clear predictors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders ...BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders have been described following bariatric surgery.However,the differentiation of pathologic eating patterns from expected dietary changes following bariatric surgery can sometimes be difficult to discern.CASE SUMMARY A female in her early 40s presented for medical stabilization of severe protein calorie malnutrition after losing 52.3 kg over the last six months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,with subsequent development of cyclic nausea and vomiting.Fear of these aversive physical symptoms led to further restriction of nutritional intake and weight loss.The patient was diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder,which has not been previously reported after bariatric surgery.CONCLUSION Improvement in the diagnostic nomenclature for feeding and eating disorders is warranted for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.展开更多
Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social ...Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social physique anxiety,body image concerns,and self-objectification may act as barriers to PA engagement,influencing both mental and physical health.The present study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationship between body image-related psychological factors and resistance to PA in university students from southern Spain.Methods:A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 519 university students(74%females,26%males;Mean age=21.14±3.26 years)from universities in Granada and Malaga(Spain).Data were collected between May and October 2024 via online questionnaires that assessed PA engagement,Mediterranean diet adherence,eating disorder symptoms,body image-related psychological factors(social physique anxiety,appearance control beliefs,body surveillance,body shame,and self-esteem),and sociodemographic characteristics.SEM was performed to analyze relationships and sex-based differences.Results:Social physique anxietywas positively associated with body shame,body surveillance,and eating disorders,and negatively associated with self-esteem,PA engagement,and appearance control beliefs(all p<0.001).Appearance control beliefs were positively related to self-esteem,body surveillance,and PA(all p<0.05).Body surveillance was negatively linked to PA and positively linked to body shame.Mediterranean diet adherence and eating disorders were positively associated with PA(all p<0.001).Sex-based differences were observed in the model.Conclusion:Body image-related psychological factors may act as barriers to PA among university students.Interventions should integrate mental health promotion and consider sex differences.展开更多
AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatie...AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatients,aged 17-50 years,with no organic gastrointestinal or systemic disorders,completed either the ROMEⅢ(n=100)or the ROMEⅡ(n=160)questionnaire on admission for ED treatment.The two ROME cohorts were compared on continuous demographic variables(e.g.,age,BMI)using Student’s t-tests,and on categorical variables(e.g.,ED diagnosis)usingχ2-tests.The relationship between ED diagnostic subtypes and FGID categories was explored usingχ2-tests.Age,BMI,and psychological and behavioural predictors of the common(prevalence greater than 20%)ROMEⅢFGIDs were tested using logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:The criteria for at least one FGID were fulfilled by 83%of the ROMEⅢcohort,and 94%of the ROMEⅡcohort.There were no significant differences in age,BMI,lowest ever BMI,ED diagnostic subtypes or ED-related quality of life(QOL)scores between ROMEⅡand ROMEⅢcohorts.The most prevalent FGIDs using ROMEⅢwere postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)(45%)and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)(41%),followed by unspecified functional bowel disorders(U-FBD)(24%),and functional heartburn(FH)(22%).There was a 29%or 46%increase(depending on presence or absence of cyclic vomiting)in functional gastroduodenal disorders because of the introduction of PDS in ROMEⅢcompared to ROMEⅡ.There was a 35%decrease in functional bowel disorders(FBD)in RomeⅢ(excluding U-FBD)compared to ROMEⅡ.The most significant predictor of PDS was starvation(P=0.008).The predictor of FH(P=0.021)and U-FBD(P=0.007)was somatisation,and of IBS laxative use(P=0.025).Age and BMI were not significant predictors.The addition of the 6-mo duration of symptoms requirement for a diagnosis in ROMEⅢadded precision to many FGIDs.CONCLUSION:ROMEⅢconfers higher precision in diagnosing FGIDs but self-induced vomiting should be excluded from the diagnosis of cyclic vomiting.Psychological factors appear to be more influential in ROMEⅡthan ROMEⅢ.展开更多
AIM:To study the prevalence of functional dyspepsia(FD)(Rome Ⅲ criteria) across eating disorders(ED),obese patients,constitutional thinner and healthy volunteers.METHODS:Twenty patients affected by anorexia nervosa,6...AIM:To study the prevalence of functional dyspepsia(FD)(Rome Ⅲ criteria) across eating disorders(ED),obese patients,constitutional thinner and healthy volunteers.METHODS:Twenty patients affected by anorexia nervosa,6 affected by bulimia nervosa,10 affected by ED not otherwise specified according to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,4th edition,nine constitutional thinner subjects and,thirtytwo obese patients were recruited from an outpatients clinic devoted to eating behavior disorders.Twentytwo healthy volunteers matched for age and gender were enrolled as healthy controls.All participants underwent a careful clinical examination.Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were obtained from a structured questionnaires.The presence of FD and,its subgroups,epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome(PDS) were diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.The intensity-frequency score of broader dyspeptic symptoms such as early satiety,epigastric fullness,epigastric pain,epigastric burning,epigastric pressure,belching,nausea and vomiting were studied by a standardized questionnaire(0-6).Analysis of variance and post-hoc Sheffè tests were used for comparisons.RESULTS:90% of patients affected by anorexia nervosa,83.3% of patients affected by bulimia nervosa,90% of patients affected by ED not otherwise specified,55.6% of constitutionally thin subjects and 18.2% healthy volunteers met the Postprandial Distress Syndrome Criteria(χ 2,P < 0.001).Only one bulimic patient met the epigastric pain syndrome diagnosis.Postprandial fullness intensity-frequency score was significantly higher in anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified groups compared to the score calculated in the constitutional thinner group(4.15 ± 2.08 vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.003;5.00 ± 2.45vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.003;4.10 ± 2.23vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.002,respectively),the obese group(4.15 ± 2.08vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;5.00 ± 2.45vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;4.10 ± 2.23 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001,respectively) and healthy volunteers(4.15 ± 2.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001;5.00 ± 2.45 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001;4.10 ± 2.23 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001,respectively).Early satiety intensity-frequency score was prominent in anorectic patients compared to bulimic patients(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 1.17 ± 1.83,P = 0.015),obese patients(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001) and healthy volunteers(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 0.05 ± 0.21,P < 0.001).Nausea and epigastric pressure were increased in bulimic and ED not otherwise specified patients.Specifically,nausea intensity-frequencyscore was significantly higher in bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified patients compared to anorectic patients(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.89 ± 1.66,P = 0.04;2.70 ± 2.91 vs 0.89 ± 1.66,P = 0.05,respectively),constitutional thinner subjects(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P = 0.004;2.70 ± 2.91 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P = 0.005,respectively),obese patients(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001 respectively) and,healthy volunteers(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.17 ± 0.71,P = 0.002;3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.17 ± 0.71,P = 0.001,respectively).Epigastric pressure intensityfrequency score was significantly higher in bulimic and ED not otherwise specified patients compared to constitutional thin subjects(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 1.22 ± 1.72,P = 0.03;4.20 ± 2.21 vs 1.22 ± 1.72,P = 0.03,respectively),obese patients(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 0.75 ± 1.32,P = 0.001;4.20 ± 2.21vs 0.75 ± 1.32,P < 0.001,respectively) and,healthy volunteers(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 0.67 ± 1.46,P = 0.001;4.20 ± 2.21vs 0.67 ± 1.46,P = 0.001,respectively).Vomiting was referred in 100% of bulimia nervosa patients,in 20% of ED not otherwise specified patients,in 15% of anorexia nervosa patients,in 22% of constitutional thinner subjects,and,in 5.6% healthy volunteers(χ 2,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:PDS is common in eating disorders.Is it mandatory in outpatient gastroenterological clinics to investigate eating disorders in patients with PDS?展开更多
1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments te...1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-展开更多
Background： Prevalence of eating disorders （EDs） among college-aged athletes has risen in recent years. Although measures exist for assessing EDs, these measures have not been thoroughly reviewed in athletes. This ...Background： Prevalence of eating disorders （EDs） among college-aged athletes has risen in recent years. Although measures exist for assessing EDs, these measures have not been thoroughly reviewed in athletes. This study reviewed the validity and reliability evidence of the commonly used measures for assessing EDs in athlete populations aged 18--26 years. Methods： Databases were searched for studies of regarding ED on male and/or female athletes. Inclusion criteria stated the study （a） assessed EDs in an athlete population 18--26 years of age and （b） investigated EDs using a psychometric measure found valid and/or reliable in a non- athlete population and/or athlete population. Results： Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven and 22 articles, respectively, studied EDs behaviors in male and female athletes whereas 21 articles studied EDs in combined-gender samples. The five most commonly used measures were the Eating Attitudes Test （EAT）, Eating Disorder Inventory （EDI）, Bulimia Test-Revised （BULIT-R）, Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis （QEDD）, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire （EDE-Q）. Conclusion： Only seven studies calculated validity coefficients within the study whereas 47 cited the validity coefficient. Twenty-six calculated a reliability coefficient whereas 47 cited the reliability of the ED measures. Four studies found validity evidence for the EAT, EDI, BULIT-R, QEDD, and EDE-Q in an athlete population. Few studies reviewed calculated validity and reliability coefficients of ED measures. Cross- validation of these measures in athlete populations is clearly needed.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and breath hydrogen responses to oral fructose-sorbitol(F-S) and glucose challenges in eating disorder(ED) patients.METHODS:GI symptoms and hydrogen breath concentration w...AIM:To evaluate gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and breath hydrogen responses to oral fructose-sorbitol(F-S) and glucose challenges in eating disorder(ED) patients.METHODS:GI symptoms and hydrogen breath concentration were monitored in 26 female ED inpatients for 3 h,following ingestion of 50 g glucose on one day,and 25 g fructose/5 g sorbitol on the next day,after an overnight fast on each occasion.Responses to F-S were compared to those of 20 asymptomatic healthy females.RESULTS:F-S provoked GI symptoms in 15 ED patients and one healthy control(P < 0.05 ED vs control) .Only one ED patient displayed symptom provocation to glucose(P < 0.01 vs F-S response) .A greater symptom response was observed in ED patients with a body mass index(BMI) ≤ 17.5 kg/m 2 compared to those with a BMI > 17.5 kg/m 2(P < 0.01) .There were no differences in psychological scores,prevalence of functional GI disorders or breath hydrogen responses between patients with and without an F-S response.CONCLUSION:F-S,but not glucose,provokes GI symptoms in ED patients,predominantly those with low BMI.These findings are important in the dietary management of ED patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Eating disorders(ED)involve both the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.A similar double involvement is also found in disorders of the brain-gut interaction(DGBI)and symptoms are sometimes simila...BACKGROUND Eating disorders(ED)involve both the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.A similar double involvement is also found in disorders of the brain-gut interaction(DGBI)and symptoms are sometimes similar.AIM To find out where there is an association and a cause-effect relationship,we looked for the comorbidity of DGBI and ED.METHODS A systematic review was undertaken.A literature search was performed.Inclusion criteria for the articles retained for analysis were:Observational cohort population-based or hospital-based and case-control studies,examining the relationship between DGBI and ED.Exclusion criteria were:Studies written in other languages than English,abstracts,conference presentations,letters to the Editor and editorials.Selected papers by two independent investigators were critically evaluated and included in this review.RESULTS We found 29 articles analyzing the relation between DGBI and ED comprising 13 articles on gastroparesis,5 articles on functional dyspepsia,7 articles about functional constipation and 4 articles on irritable bowel syndrome.CONCLUSION There is no evidence for a cause-effect relationship between DGBI and ED.Their common symptomatology requires correct identification and a tailored therapy of each disorder.展开更多
BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has...BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has been described in Ob after sleeve gastrectomy(SG).Hedonic response to a meal is dissociable from satiation in healthy subjects.Anhedonia is the lowered ability to experience pleasure.There are no studies investigating the presence of anhedonia in Ob with and without SG and its relationship to PDS symptoms.AIM To assess the relationship among anhedonia,BED and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in two group of morbidly Ob with and without SG.METHODS Eighty-one Ob without SG,45 Ob with SG and 55 healthy controls(HC)were studied.All subjects fulfilled the binge eating scale(BES)to investigate BED,the validated 14 items Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale(SHAPS)to assess Anhedonia as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI II)and State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)questionnaires to screen for depression and anxiety.All patients underwent a standardized questionnaire investigating the intensity-frequency scores(0-6)of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and were diagnosed for the presence of functional dyspepsia(FD)and its subtypes according to ROME IV criteria.RESULTS Ob without SG who were positive for BED had a 4.7 higher risk of FD compared to Ob without SG who were negative for BED(OR:4.7;95.0%CI 1.23-18.24;P=0.02).STAI-Y2 scores were significantly higher in Ob without SG positive for BED(42.2±1.5 vs Ob negative for BED:39.6±1.0,P=0.04),while SHAPS scores and BDI II did not differ in the two groups(1.16±1.30 vs 0.89±1.02,P=0.49).A lower prevalence of BED(BES>17:11.4%vs 40.7%,P=0.001)and BDI-II(6.8±1.2 vs 13.8±1.9,P=0.005)was reported in Ob with SG than Ob without SG,on the contrary total mean scores of STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2 were significantly higher in Ob with SG than Ob without SG.Thirty-five percent of Ob with SG fulfilled the diagnosis of FD.SHAPS mean scores and the prevalence of anhedonia did not differ among the two groups(18.2 vs 8.1%,P=0.2).Fifty-four percent of Ob with SG achieved surgical success excess weight loss>50%.Excess weight loss was negatively related to SHAPS total mean scores[adjusted B:-7.099(95%CI:-13.91 to-0.29),P=0.04].CONCLUSION Ob without SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS,mood disorders and anxiety when positive for BE behavior compared to those negative for BE behavior,whereas no differences were found in SHAPS score.Ob with SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS compared to Ob without SG.Concerning psychological aspect,BED and depression are less frequent in the Ob with SG,while both state and trait anxiety are significantly higher.Moreover,the more an Ob with SG is anhedonic,less surgical success was achieved.展开更多
1)Background:The common factors which potentially contribute to the development of eating disorders and exercise dependence during early adulthood are still relatively unclear.The present study aimed to examine the ro...1)Background:The common factors which potentially contribute to the development of eating disorders and exercise dependence during early adulthood are still relatively unclear.The present study aimed to examine the role of BMI,body image inflexibility,and generalized anxiety in these two behavioral problems in a sample of college students.2)Methods:In total,878 habitual exercisers(58.1%male with BMI=22.12±2.39;41.9%female with BMI=20.55±2.21)with age of 20.09±1.76 years participated in this study.The main outcomes of interest are exercise dependence symptoms,eating disorders symptoms,body image inflexibility,and symptoms of generalized anxiety(as measured by Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised,Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire-Short Form,Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire,and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,respectively).Pearson correlation,path analysis,and model fit information were tested.3)Results:After controlling for age,gender,and field of study,lower BMI was linked to more exercise dependence symptoms but this association was not statistically significant,while a greater BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing eating disorders(β=−0.08,p<0.001).Moreover,higher body image inflexibility significantly and positively contributed to severe exercise dependence(β=0.26,p<0.001)as well as abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors(β=0.74,p<0.001).Furthermore,generalized anxiety is a significant contributor to exercise dependence symptoms(β=0.14,p<0.001)but not eating disorders symptoms.4)Conclusion:Based on our finding that body image inflexibility is a common risk factor for the development of exercise dependence and eating disorders,the prevention and treatment of these two disorders should involve the improvement of psychological flexibility.In addition,the individual with a higher BMI is more vulnerable to developing eating disorders,while those who have severer generalized anxiety symptoms should be given more attention when screening for exercise dependence.展开更多
文摘While some research has explored racial and ethnic differences in disordered eating, this study may be the first to examine these differences in orthorexia nervosa, involving obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors concerning healthy eating, which negatively impact one’s life. Adult participants, recruited from college courses and social media, completed an online survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Regarding racial and ethnic background, 743 were White, 249 were Hispanic, 87 were Black, 61 were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 110 were biracial/multiracial. A MANCOVA revealed that the racial and ethnic groups did not differ on the ONI subscales assessing orthorexic behaviors, impairments, and emotions, after accounting for gender, BMI, and EAT-26 total scores that were covariates. In contrast, a second MANCOVA did reveal group differences on the EAT-26 subscales, after accounting for gender, BMI, and ONI total scores that were covariates. Black participants scored significantly lower than the other racial and ethnic groups on the subscale assessing dieting behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa, and the subscale assessing binge-eating and purging behaviors characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Further, Hispanic participants scored significantly lower than White participants on the latter subscale. These findings suggest that while orthorexic symptomatology does not differ based on race and ethnicity, a Black race and Hispanic ethnicity may be protective factors against disordered eating, perhaps related either to cultural norms concerning body image or to the resiliency and social support among the Black and Hispanic communities.
文摘The prevalence of concerns about food and body weight among non-elite multisport endurance athletes is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating and their association with performance among 162 non-elite athletes involved in multisport endurance summer and winter events. Self-reported symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating were assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 （EAT-26） questionnaire. The mean EAT-26 score （~ SEM） was 6.5 ~ 0.5 and only 9 athletes （5.6%） scored 20 arbitrary units or above. In multivariate regression stepwise analyses, the EAT-26 score （~ = 0.145, P = 0.0003） significantly predicted percent ranking. These findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of disordered eating is low among non-elite multisport endurance athletes. However, greater concerns regarding food intake and body weight may be associated with poorer performance even among non-elite athletes with normal BMI values and at the lower end of the EAT-26 score.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(DT1)in adolescents brings behavioural changes,altered nutritional habits,and eating disorders.AIM To identify and analyze the validated instruments that examine the disordered eating behaviour and eating disorders among adolescents with DT1.METHODS An integrative review was accomplished based on the following databases:PubMed,LILACS,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Science,and Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),including publications in Portuguese,English,or Spanish,without time limit and time published.RESULTS The main instruments to evaluate disordered eating behaviour were The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised,The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey,and the eating attitudes test-26,and for eating disorders the main instruments used were The Bulimic Investigation Test of Edinburgh,The Binge Eating Scale,The Child Eating Disorder Examination,The five questions of the(Sick,Control,One,Fat and Food),and The Mind Youth Questionnaire.These instruments showed an effect in evaluating risks regarding nutritional habits or feeding grievances,with outcomes related to weight control,inadequate use of insulin,and glycaemia unmanageability.We did not identify publication bias.CONCLUSION Around the world,the most used scale to study the risk of disordered eating behaviour or eating disorder is The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised.International researchers use this scale to identify high scores in adolescents with DT1 and a relationship with poorer glycemic control and psychological problems related to body image.
文摘BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.
文摘Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.
文摘BACKGROUND Eating disorders(EDs)have increasingly become a public health problem globally,especially among children and adolescents.AIM To estimate the burden of EDs in children and adolescents(ages 5-19 years)at the global,regional,and national levels.METHODS Retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 for EDs,including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa,we extracted the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and prevalence rates with 95%uncertainty intervals between 1990-2019.The temporal trends of the DALYs and prevalence rates of EDs were assessed according to the estimated annual percentage changes.RESULTS In our study,we found that the burden of EDs continuously increased globally from 1990 to 2019.Although females accounted for more EDs cases,the burden of EDs in males had a greater increment.Meanwhile,the burden of EDs was associated with the high sociodemographic index(SDI)over the past 30 years and the human development indexes in 2019.CONCLUSION EDs,predominantly in high-income countries,are rising globally,especially in Asia,highlighting the need for resource planning and medical policy prioritization across all SDI quintiles.
文摘The question of the link between pregnancy and eating disorders is an important question. At the moment, there are few concrete answers for these patients. Despite common fertility challenges, patients who suffer from ED are able to access maternity. ED and pregnancy can either have an easy evolution or experience a lot of trouble. Many studies describe obstetrical and foetal complications (low birthweight, inadequate intra-uterine growth, small head circumference, miscarriage, caesarean section). Those patients are frequently reluctant to address their disease with their specialist, who also often doesn’t know how to screen the signs. The lack of official data to train the specialists further increases these difficulties. However, ED are frequent in the general population and young patients are likely to eventually want to become mothers. It is thus essential to know how to screen those patients early and accurately to improve their treatment and care. Eating disorders impact the pregnancy, the delivery and the postpartum as well as the growth of the baby. It is an important public health problem. The evolution from being a woman to becoming a mother is a difficult one, and even more so when the women is suffering from ED. Those patients must handle their nutritional fears, the anxiety about their body changing with pregnancy and the daily challenges. The early interactions with their baby have consequences on their development. It seems necessary to evaluate how to improve the screening and the patient care in ED patients. Screening should begin from the pregnancy desire to the postpartum. This patient care should be based on a multidisciplinary care team.
文摘Introduction: From their earliest hours, human beings are able to identify a source of food and to feed themselves. Feeding is therefore one of the most instinctive human functions. It is regulated by several factors (physiological, psycho-affective and environmental) whose disruption can lead to eating disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate eating disorders among students in the town of Parakou in 2023. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to July 2023 in various universities in the city of Parakou, Benin. The study population consisted of all students in grades 1 to 7 at these universities. A two-stage non-proportional stratified sampling technique combined with a simple random draw was adopted. The Eating Attitude Test-26, Bulimia Inventory Test Edinburgh and a set of questions focusing on the diagnostic criteria for pica were used to screen for pica and other disorders such as anorexia, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 25. Results: A total of 607 students were surveyed, 323 of whom had eating disorders. A prevalence of 53.21% of students at risk of eating disorders was found. In relation to the total population, the prevalences of anorexia, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and pica were 45.96%, 0.82%, 15.48% and 12.68% respectively. In multivariate analysis, seven factors explained the risk to develop at least one eating disorder among the students surveyed. These were: urban area of residence (OR (95% CI) = 5.059 (1.75 - 14.65);p = 0.003);year of study (OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.28 - 0.79);p = 0.035);type of university attended (private university: OR (95% CI) = 1.63 (1.08 - 2.44);p = 0.019);parents’ marital status (couple or not) (OR (95% CI) = 1.50 (1.01 - 2.24);p = 0.046);father’s level of education: secondary (OR (CI 95%) = 3.85 (1.96 - 7.54);p 0.001)/higher (OR (CI 95%) = 2.83 (1.36 - 5.86);p = 0.005);mother’s one: secondary (OR (CI 95%) = 0.30 (0.18 - 0.51);p 0.001)/superior (OR (CI 95%) = 0.31 (0.16 - 0.61);p = 0.001);the presence of doubtful (OR (CI95% = 1.69 (1.11 - 2.58);p = 0.009) or certain anxiety symptomatology (OR (CI 95%) = 1.69 (1.11 - 2.58);p = 0.009). Conclusion: More than half the students in Parakou had at least one eating disorder. Diagnostic studies are needed, even if preventive actions are already necessary.
文摘Eating disorders are among the deadliest mental illnesses known to occur. Eating disorders directly cause 10,200 deaths each year, which is one death every 52 minutes. About 9% of the global population is affected by eating disorders at some point during their lifetime. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the onset of eating disorders. Specifically, we examine biological factors, such as genetics, family history and the neuroscience behind eating disorders;furthermore, we explore psychological factors including other mental health conditions and their correlation, personality traits and behavioral risk factors;lastly, we consider social factors related to the onset of eating disorders, such as childhood and social environment, the media, and demographic factors.
文摘Background In light of growing concern over eating disorders among young athletes amid cultural and social pressures,this study aimed to assess the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa(ON)risk and evaluate body image perception and its predictive factors among young football players from Poland and Türkiye.Methods The study involved 171 players aged 15–18 years,recruited from football academies in Poland and Türkiye.The Polish and Turkish versions of the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults(BESAA)were administered to assess body image perception,while the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale(DOS)was used to measure ON risk.Anthropometric measurements were taken to calculate Body Mass Index(BMI),which was then referenced to centile charts to determine nutritional status.Results Results indicated that 13%of participants exhibited characteristics of ON,with an additional 26%classified as at elevated risk.Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in ON prevalence between Polish and Turkish players(p=0.938)and no age-related differences(p=0.694).Among Polish players,a significant positive association emerged between BMI(relative to centile charts)and overall appearance evaluation(BE-Appearance)(p=0.008,partialη^(2)=0.10).This relationship was not observed in Turkish players.Moreover,analysis of ON risk predictors—including age,nationality,nutritional status,and body image—did not identify any single variable as a definitive predictor(all p-values>0.05),with a low predictive capacity(McFadden’s R^(2)=0.03).Conclusion The study revealed a significant risk of ON among young footballers with no clear predictors.
文摘BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders have been described following bariatric surgery.However,the differentiation of pathologic eating patterns from expected dietary changes following bariatric surgery can sometimes be difficult to discern.CASE SUMMARY A female in her early 40s presented for medical stabilization of severe protein calorie malnutrition after losing 52.3 kg over the last six months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,with subsequent development of cyclic nausea and vomiting.Fear of these aversive physical symptoms led to further restriction of nutritional intake and weight loss.The patient was diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder,which has not been previously reported after bariatric surgery.CONCLUSION Improvement in the diagnostic nomenclature for feeding and eating disorders is warranted for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.
基金financially supported by the Vice-Rector’s Office for Research and Transfer at the University of Granada(Grant Ref.PPJIB2023-084)Spanish Ministry of Universities(Grants Ref.FPU20/02739 and FPU20/01987)+1 种基金Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit Program funded by the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Ministry of Universities attached to the State Research Agency(Grant Ref.CEX2023-001312-M/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)the Excellence Unit funded by the University of Granada(Grant Ref.UCE-PP2023-11/UGR.).
文摘Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social physique anxiety,body image concerns,and self-objectification may act as barriers to PA engagement,influencing both mental and physical health.The present study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationship between body image-related psychological factors and resistance to PA in university students from southern Spain.Methods:A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 519 university students(74%females,26%males;Mean age=21.14±3.26 years)from universities in Granada and Malaga(Spain).Data were collected between May and October 2024 via online questionnaires that assessed PA engagement,Mediterranean diet adherence,eating disorder symptoms,body image-related psychological factors(social physique anxiety,appearance control beliefs,body surveillance,body shame,and self-esteem),and sociodemographic characteristics.SEM was performed to analyze relationships and sex-based differences.Results:Social physique anxietywas positively associated with body shame,body surveillance,and eating disorders,and negatively associated with self-esteem,PA engagement,and appearance control beliefs(all p<0.001).Appearance control beliefs were positively related to self-esteem,body surveillance,and PA(all p<0.05).Body surveillance was negatively linked to PA and positively linked to body shame.Mediterranean diet adherence and eating disorders were positively associated with PA(all p<0.001).Sex-based differences were observed in the model.Conclusion:Body image-related psychological factors may act as barriers to PA among university students.Interventions should integrate mental health promotion and consider sex differences.
文摘AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatients,aged 17-50 years,with no organic gastrointestinal or systemic disorders,completed either the ROMEⅢ(n=100)or the ROMEⅡ(n=160)questionnaire on admission for ED treatment.The two ROME cohorts were compared on continuous demographic variables(e.g.,age,BMI)using Student’s t-tests,and on categorical variables(e.g.,ED diagnosis)usingχ2-tests.The relationship between ED diagnostic subtypes and FGID categories was explored usingχ2-tests.Age,BMI,and psychological and behavioural predictors of the common(prevalence greater than 20%)ROMEⅢFGIDs were tested using logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:The criteria for at least one FGID were fulfilled by 83%of the ROMEⅢcohort,and 94%of the ROMEⅡcohort.There were no significant differences in age,BMI,lowest ever BMI,ED diagnostic subtypes or ED-related quality of life(QOL)scores between ROMEⅡand ROMEⅢcohorts.The most prevalent FGIDs using ROMEⅢwere postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)(45%)and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)(41%),followed by unspecified functional bowel disorders(U-FBD)(24%),and functional heartburn(FH)(22%).There was a 29%or 46%increase(depending on presence or absence of cyclic vomiting)in functional gastroduodenal disorders because of the introduction of PDS in ROMEⅢcompared to ROMEⅡ.There was a 35%decrease in functional bowel disorders(FBD)in RomeⅢ(excluding U-FBD)compared to ROMEⅡ.The most significant predictor of PDS was starvation(P=0.008).The predictor of FH(P=0.021)and U-FBD(P=0.007)was somatisation,and of IBS laxative use(P=0.025).Age and BMI were not significant predictors.The addition of the 6-mo duration of symptoms requirement for a diagnosis in ROMEⅢadded precision to many FGIDs.CONCLUSION:ROMEⅢconfers higher precision in diagnosing FGIDs but self-induced vomiting should be excluded from the diagnosis of cyclic vomiting.Psychological factors appear to be more influential in ROMEⅡthan ROMEⅢ.
文摘AIM:To study the prevalence of functional dyspepsia(FD)(Rome Ⅲ criteria) across eating disorders(ED),obese patients,constitutional thinner and healthy volunteers.METHODS:Twenty patients affected by anorexia nervosa,6 affected by bulimia nervosa,10 affected by ED not otherwise specified according to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,4th edition,nine constitutional thinner subjects and,thirtytwo obese patients were recruited from an outpatients clinic devoted to eating behavior disorders.Twentytwo healthy volunteers matched for age and gender were enrolled as healthy controls.All participants underwent a careful clinical examination.Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were obtained from a structured questionnaires.The presence of FD and,its subgroups,epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome(PDS) were diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.The intensity-frequency score of broader dyspeptic symptoms such as early satiety,epigastric fullness,epigastric pain,epigastric burning,epigastric pressure,belching,nausea and vomiting were studied by a standardized questionnaire(0-6).Analysis of variance and post-hoc Sheffè tests were used for comparisons.RESULTS:90% of patients affected by anorexia nervosa,83.3% of patients affected by bulimia nervosa,90% of patients affected by ED not otherwise specified,55.6% of constitutionally thin subjects and 18.2% healthy volunteers met the Postprandial Distress Syndrome Criteria(χ 2,P < 0.001).Only one bulimic patient met the epigastric pain syndrome diagnosis.Postprandial fullness intensity-frequency score was significantly higher in anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified groups compared to the score calculated in the constitutional thinner group(4.15 ± 2.08 vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.003;5.00 ± 2.45vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.003;4.10 ± 2.23vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.002,respectively),the obese group(4.15 ± 2.08vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;5.00 ± 2.45vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;4.10 ± 2.23 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001,respectively) and healthy volunteers(4.15 ± 2.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001;5.00 ± 2.45 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001;4.10 ± 2.23 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001,respectively).Early satiety intensity-frequency score was prominent in anorectic patients compared to bulimic patients(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 1.17 ± 1.83,P = 0.015),obese patients(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001) and healthy volunteers(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 0.05 ± 0.21,P < 0.001).Nausea and epigastric pressure were increased in bulimic and ED not otherwise specified patients.Specifically,nausea intensity-frequencyscore was significantly higher in bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified patients compared to anorectic patients(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.89 ± 1.66,P = 0.04;2.70 ± 2.91 vs 0.89 ± 1.66,P = 0.05,respectively),constitutional thinner subjects(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P = 0.004;2.70 ± 2.91 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P = 0.005,respectively),obese patients(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001 respectively) and,healthy volunteers(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.17 ± 0.71,P = 0.002;3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.17 ± 0.71,P = 0.001,respectively).Epigastric pressure intensityfrequency score was significantly higher in bulimic and ED not otherwise specified patients compared to constitutional thin subjects(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 1.22 ± 1.72,P = 0.03;4.20 ± 2.21 vs 1.22 ± 1.72,P = 0.03,respectively),obese patients(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 0.75 ± 1.32,P = 0.001;4.20 ± 2.21vs 0.75 ± 1.32,P < 0.001,respectively) and,healthy volunteers(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 0.67 ± 1.46,P = 0.001;4.20 ± 2.21vs 0.67 ± 1.46,P = 0.001,respectively).Vomiting was referred in 100% of bulimia nervosa patients,in 20% of ED not otherwise specified patients,in 15% of anorexia nervosa patients,in 22% of constitutional thinner subjects,and,in 5.6% healthy volunteers(χ 2,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:PDS is common in eating disorders.Is it mandatory in outpatient gastroenterological clinics to investigate eating disorders in patients with PDS?
文摘1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-
文摘Background： Prevalence of eating disorders （EDs） among college-aged athletes has risen in recent years. Although measures exist for assessing EDs, these measures have not been thoroughly reviewed in athletes. This study reviewed the validity and reliability evidence of the commonly used measures for assessing EDs in athlete populations aged 18--26 years. Methods： Databases were searched for studies of regarding ED on male and/or female athletes. Inclusion criteria stated the study （a） assessed EDs in an athlete population 18--26 years of age and （b） investigated EDs using a psychometric measure found valid and/or reliable in a non- athlete population and/or athlete population. Results： Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven and 22 articles, respectively, studied EDs behaviors in male and female athletes whereas 21 articles studied EDs in combined-gender samples. The five most commonly used measures were the Eating Attitudes Test （EAT）, Eating Disorder Inventory （EDI）, Bulimia Test-Revised （BULIT-R）, Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis （QEDD）, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire （EDE-Q）. Conclusion： Only seven studies calculated validity coefficients within the study whereas 47 cited the validity coefficient. Twenty-six calculated a reliability coefficient whereas 47 cited the reliability of the ED measures. Four studies found validity evidence for the EAT, EDI, BULIT-R, QEDD, and EDE-Q in an athlete population. Few studies reviewed calculated validity and reliability coefficients of ED measures. Cross- validation of these measures in athlete populations is clearly needed.
文摘AIM:To evaluate gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and breath hydrogen responses to oral fructose-sorbitol(F-S) and glucose challenges in eating disorder(ED) patients.METHODS:GI symptoms and hydrogen breath concentration were monitored in 26 female ED inpatients for 3 h,following ingestion of 50 g glucose on one day,and 25 g fructose/5 g sorbitol on the next day,after an overnight fast on each occasion.Responses to F-S were compared to those of 20 asymptomatic healthy females.RESULTS:F-S provoked GI symptoms in 15 ED patients and one healthy control(P < 0.05 ED vs control) .Only one ED patient displayed symptom provocation to glucose(P < 0.01 vs F-S response) .A greater symptom response was observed in ED patients with a body mass index(BMI) ≤ 17.5 kg/m 2 compared to those with a BMI > 17.5 kg/m 2(P < 0.01) .There were no differences in psychological scores,prevalence of functional GI disorders or breath hydrogen responses between patients with and without an F-S response.CONCLUSION:F-S,but not glucose,provokes GI symptoms in ED patients,predominantly those with low BMI.These findings are important in the dietary management of ED patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Eating disorders(ED)involve both the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.A similar double involvement is also found in disorders of the brain-gut interaction(DGBI)and symptoms are sometimes similar.AIM To find out where there is an association and a cause-effect relationship,we looked for the comorbidity of DGBI and ED.METHODS A systematic review was undertaken.A literature search was performed.Inclusion criteria for the articles retained for analysis were:Observational cohort population-based or hospital-based and case-control studies,examining the relationship between DGBI and ED.Exclusion criteria were:Studies written in other languages than English,abstracts,conference presentations,letters to the Editor and editorials.Selected papers by two independent investigators were critically evaluated and included in this review.RESULTS We found 29 articles analyzing the relation between DGBI and ED comprising 13 articles on gastroparesis,5 articles on functional dyspepsia,7 articles about functional constipation and 4 articles on irritable bowel syndrome.CONCLUSION There is no evidence for a cause-effect relationship between DGBI and ED.Their common symptomatology requires correct identification and a tailored therapy of each disorder.
文摘BACKGROUND Obese patients(Ob)with a binge eating disorders(BED)behavior pattern have a higher prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)compared to Ob without a BED behavior pattern,while an increase of PDS has been described in Ob after sleeve gastrectomy(SG).Hedonic response to a meal is dissociable from satiation in healthy subjects.Anhedonia is the lowered ability to experience pleasure.There are no studies investigating the presence of anhedonia in Ob with and without SG and its relationship to PDS symptoms.AIM To assess the relationship among anhedonia,BED and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in two group of morbidly Ob with and without SG.METHODS Eighty-one Ob without SG,45 Ob with SG and 55 healthy controls(HC)were studied.All subjects fulfilled the binge eating scale(BES)to investigate BED,the validated 14 items Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale(SHAPS)to assess Anhedonia as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI II)and State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)questionnaires to screen for depression and anxiety.All patients underwent a standardized questionnaire investigating the intensity-frequency scores(0-6)of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and were diagnosed for the presence of functional dyspepsia(FD)and its subtypes according to ROME IV criteria.RESULTS Ob without SG who were positive for BED had a 4.7 higher risk of FD compared to Ob without SG who were negative for BED(OR:4.7;95.0%CI 1.23-18.24;P=0.02).STAI-Y2 scores were significantly higher in Ob without SG positive for BED(42.2±1.5 vs Ob negative for BED:39.6±1.0,P=0.04),while SHAPS scores and BDI II did not differ in the two groups(1.16±1.30 vs 0.89±1.02,P=0.49).A lower prevalence of BED(BES>17:11.4%vs 40.7%,P=0.001)and BDI-II(6.8±1.2 vs 13.8±1.9,P=0.005)was reported in Ob with SG than Ob without SG,on the contrary total mean scores of STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2 were significantly higher in Ob with SG than Ob without SG.Thirty-five percent of Ob with SG fulfilled the diagnosis of FD.SHAPS mean scores and the prevalence of anhedonia did not differ among the two groups(18.2 vs 8.1%,P=0.2).Fifty-four percent of Ob with SG achieved surgical success excess weight loss>50%.Excess weight loss was negatively related to SHAPS total mean scores[adjusted B:-7.099(95%CI:-13.91 to-0.29),P=0.04].CONCLUSION Ob without SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS,mood disorders and anxiety when positive for BE behavior compared to those negative for BE behavior,whereas no differences were found in SHAPS score.Ob with SG showed a higher prevalence of PDS compared to Ob without SG.Concerning psychological aspect,BED and depression are less frequent in the Ob with SG,while both state and trait anxiety are significantly higher.Moreover,the more an Ob with SG is anhedonic,less surgical success was achieved.
基金The information should be replaced with"This project was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No:2022M711174).
文摘1)Background:The common factors which potentially contribute to the development of eating disorders and exercise dependence during early adulthood are still relatively unclear.The present study aimed to examine the role of BMI,body image inflexibility,and generalized anxiety in these two behavioral problems in a sample of college students.2)Methods:In total,878 habitual exercisers(58.1%male with BMI=22.12±2.39;41.9%female with BMI=20.55±2.21)with age of 20.09±1.76 years participated in this study.The main outcomes of interest are exercise dependence symptoms,eating disorders symptoms,body image inflexibility,and symptoms of generalized anxiety(as measured by Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised,Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire-Short Form,Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire,and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,respectively).Pearson correlation,path analysis,and model fit information were tested.3)Results:After controlling for age,gender,and field of study,lower BMI was linked to more exercise dependence symptoms but this association was not statistically significant,while a greater BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing eating disorders(β=−0.08,p<0.001).Moreover,higher body image inflexibility significantly and positively contributed to severe exercise dependence(β=0.26,p<0.001)as well as abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors(β=0.74,p<0.001).Furthermore,generalized anxiety is a significant contributor to exercise dependence symptoms(β=0.14,p<0.001)but not eating disorders symptoms.4)Conclusion:Based on our finding that body image inflexibility is a common risk factor for the development of exercise dependence and eating disorders,the prevention and treatment of these two disorders should involve the improvement of psychological flexibility.In addition,the individual with a higher BMI is more vulnerable to developing eating disorders,while those who have severer generalized anxiety symptoms should be given more attention when screening for exercise dependence.
