This work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of static and intermittent gravity inverted therapy techniques in improvement of motor apraxia and cognitive abilities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 30 childr...This work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of static and intermittent gravity inverted therapy techniques in improvement of motor apraxia and cognitive abilities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 30 children were randomly joined in this study into two groups;Group A (sensory integration therapy approach plus static and intermittent inversion therapy techniques) and Group B (sensory integration therapy approach only). Block design test was used to locate and follow constructional apraxia, computerized information processing speed test to locate and follow cognitive processing and grooved pegboard test was used to locate and follow fine motor skills. The variance between pre- and post-treatment results was highly significant in the study group in all variables. By comparison of the two groups in constructional apraxia variables test at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favour to study groups (p < 0.05). By comparison of the two groups in cognitive processing variable at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favour to study group (p < 0.05). By comparison of the two groups in fine motor skills variable at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favor to study group (p < 0.05). According to the outcomes of this study, it can be terminated that the sensory integration therapy approach plus static and intermittent inversion therapy techniques can be recommended in improvement constructional apraxia and cognitive processing abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is regarded as a neurological disorder well-defined by a specific set of problems associated with social skills,recurrent conduct,and communication.Identifying ASD as soon as possible is f...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is regarded as a neurological disorder well-defined by a specific set of problems associated with social skills,recurrent conduct,and communication.Identifying ASD as soon as possible is favourable due to prior identification of ASD permits prompt interferences in children with ASD.Recognition of ASD related to objective pathogenicmutation screening is the initial step against prior intervention and efficient treatment of children who were affected.Nowadays,healthcare and machine learning(ML)industries are combined for determining the existence of various diseases.This article devises a Jellyfish Search Optimization with Deep Learning Driven ASD Detection and Classification(JSODL-ASDDC)model.The goal of the JSODL-ASDDC algorithm is to identify the different stages of ASD with the help of biomedical data.The proposed JSODLASDDC model initially performs min-max data normalization approach to scale the data into uniform range.In addition,the JSODL-ASDDC model involves JSO based feature selection(JFSO-FS)process to choose optimal feature subsets.Moreover,Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)based classification model is utilized for the recognition and classification of ASD.Furthermore,the Bacterial Foraging Optimization(BFO)assisted parameter tuning process gets executed to enhance the efficacy of the GRU system.The experimental assessment of the JSODL-ASDDC model is investigated against distinct datasets.The experimental outcomes highlighted the enhanced performances of the JSODL-ASDDC algorithm over recent approaches.展开更多
Studies on the evaluation by therapists of parental behavior towards their children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD)and towards the therapists of their children are scarce.They are necessary,however,for enabling p...Studies on the evaluation by therapists of parental behavior towards their children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD)and towards the therapists of their children are scarce.They are necessary,however,for enabling parents to become co-therapists.The present study’s purpose was the evaluation by therapists of the behavior of parents towards their children,of their relationship to therapists,and therapy outcome.The sample consisted of 178 parents of 89 children(72 boys)with ASD,who underwent intensive early intervention at a day centre for developmental disabilities.The professional team completed a questionnaire,separately for the mother and father,evaluating the parental attitude towards their children and towards the therapists.The behavior of parents was less satisfactory than expected.The fathers had difficulties in understanding their child’s problems,and had unrealistic expectations;mothers’behavior towards their children and therapists was better than the fathers’.Mothers had difficulty mostly in the management of the child’s behavior,and did not do well with feeding.It might be difficult for every parent to become co-therapist.Understanding the child’s difficulties by the mother,adequate handling of feeding and homework,were statistically significant in the good outcome of therapy.展开更多
Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a spectrum of symptoms and behaviors,challenging to fully comprehend due to its variability.This article provides an overvie...Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a spectrum of symptoms and behaviors,challenging to fully comprehend due to its variability.This article provides an overview of ASD,including its characteristics,prevalence,diagnosis,and causes.The prevalence of ASD has been on the rise,with improved awareness and diagnostic tools.While genetics and environmental factors play a role,the exact causes remain elusive.Early intervention and various therapies are crucial for improving outcomes,although there is no cure.Ongoing research aims to uncover the complexities of ASD and develop effective treatments.Embracing diversity and fostering inclusion is essential for supporting individuals with ASD.As we continue to unravel the mysteries of ASD,we move closer to a more understanding and inclusive society.This article explores the role of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS)in the treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD).TMS,a non-invasive neurostimulation technique,is gaining attention as a potential therapy to address specific aspects of ASD.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neuronal developmental disorder that is characterized by de⁃fects both in social interaction and verbal communication,and is often accompanied by restricted interest,and repeti⁃tive a...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neuronal developmental disorder that is characterized by de⁃fects both in social interaction and verbal communication,and is often accompanied by restricted interest,and repeti⁃tive and stereotyped behaviors.The prevalence of ASD is approximately 0.8%~1.2%in China.Although its etiology remains unclear in most cases,over 1000 genes or genomic loci have been linked to its pathogenic origin,indicating a strong genetic influence,as well as complicated pathogenic mechanisms.Here,we reviewed recent findings in the possible genetic effects on synaptic pathophysiology of ASD,and a particular focus was put on variants in genes that are related to synaptic morphology or functions,such as FMR1,NRXN,NLGN,SHANK and MeCP2.The synaptic pathology caused by these genetic defects may substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD.This review out⁃lines several lines of evidence that have been recently reported to support the hypothesis that a genetic defect may lead to a synaptic pathology that may underlie the pathogenesis of ASD.展开更多
This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The partici...This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.展开更多
Objective:To explore the core acupuncture acupoints and pattern-adapted acupoint combination rules for autism spectrum disorder(ASD)complicated with sleep disorder using clinical data mining technology.Methods:A retro...Objective:To explore the core acupuncture acupoints and pattern-adapted acupoint combination rules for autism spectrum disorder(ASD)complicated with sleep disorder using clinical data mining technology.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the diagnosis and treatment data of 104 children with ASD complicated with sleep disorder admitted to Xi’an Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Encephalopathy Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024.Cross-pattern main acupoints were screened via frequency statistics,chi-square test,and factor analysis;pattern-specific auxiliary acupoints were extracted by combining multiple correspondence analysis,cluster analysis,and association rule mining.Results:Ten cross-pattern main acupoints(Baihui,Sishenzhen,Language Area 1,Language Area 2,Neiguan,Shenmen,Yongquan,Xuanzhong)were identified,and acupoint combination schemes for four major TCM patterns(Hyperactivity of Liver and Heart Fire,Deficiency of Kidney Essence,Deficiency of Both Heart and Spleen,Hyperactivity of Liver with Spleen Deficiency)were established.Conclusion:Acupuncture treatment should follow the principle of“regulating spirit and calming the brain as the root,and dredging collaterals based on pattern differentiation as the branch”.The synergy between main and auxiliary acupoints can accurately regulate the disease,providing a basis for precise clinical treatment.展开更多
Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervo...Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervous system due to occupational factors.In 2002,the International Labor Organization included musculoskeletal diseases in the International List of Occupational Diseases.China’s recently updated Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases has introduced two new categories of occupational illnesses,including occupational musculoskeletal disorders.WMSDs significantly impact the health and work of dentists,reducing their quality of life and causing economic losses.These disorders are multifactorial in nature,influenced by personal,psychosocial,biomechanical,and environmental factors.Dentists frequently maintain static or awkward postures during procedures,which leads to musculoskeletal strain and discomfort;additionally,long working hours contribute to psychological stress,further increasing the risk of WMSDs[2].展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Oommen et al.Oommen et al provided a comprehensive overview of the management of hip centre restoration in total hip arthroplasty(THA)for childhood hip disorder sequelae.Gi...In this article,we comment on the article by Oommen et al.Oommen et al provided a comprehensive overview of the management of hip centre restoration in total hip arthroplasty(THA)for childhood hip disorder sequelae.Given the developmental disparity in this population,specific preoperative planning is an essential prerequisite for the success of THA procedures.In the review by Oommen et al,assessments of acetabular and femoral anatomic variations were fully described.However,spinal malalignment and stiffness are common in physical and radiological examinations and should be taken into careful consideration when planning surgical procedures.Poor outcomes of THA for patients with comorbid hip and spinopelvic pathologies have been widely reported,especially for hips with childhood disorder sequelae.Therefore,in this editorial,we would like to emphasize the need for a thorough hip-spine evaluation of patients with childhood hip disorder sequelae before THA.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders （FGIDs） represent a common and important class of disorders within gastroenterology. Rome Ⅰ, the first edition was published in 1994, with symptom-based diagnostic criteria for...Functional gastrointestinal disorders （FGIDs） represent a common and important class of disorders within gastroenterology. Rome Ⅰ, the first edition was published in 1994, with symptom-based diagnostic criteria for FGIDs. These criteria began to change the diagnostic approach to F-GIDs, and no longer considered ＂diagnoses of exclusion＂ but rather ＂diagnoses of inclusion＂. Rome Ⅱ, the second edition published in 2000, resulted from the continual process of analyzing new scientific and clinical evidence in the study of F-GIDs. Rome Ⅱ, diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）, was extended with a focus on the frequency of symptoms occurring twelve weeks （not necessarily consecutive weeks） within twelve months. ROlE Ⅲ, the third edition, conservative one, was published in September 2006, with changes made only where there is good evidence to do so. Some of the differences between Rome Ⅱ and Rome Ⅲ criteria are highlighted in this issue.展开更多
Extensive studies, largely during the past decade, identify the dynamic and bidirectional interaction between the bacteria resident in the intestines and their host brain along the "microbiota-gut-brain axis"...Extensive studies, largely during the past decade, identify the dynamic and bidirectional interaction between the bacteria resident in the intestines and their host brain along the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". This interaction modulates the development and function of the central nervous system and is implicated in neurological disorders. As a neurodevelopmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a historically defect in the brain. With accumulating evidence showing how the microorganisms modulate neural activities, more and more research is focusing on the role of the gut microbiota in mitigating ASD symptoms and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we describe the intricate and crucial pathways via which the gut microbiota communicates with the brain, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and summarize the specific pathways that mediate the crosstalk of the gut microbiota to the brain in ASD.展开更多
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) are amongst the leading neurodevelopmental disorders in children worldwide causing diminished quality of life. Unlike CP caused by brain damage affecting muscle...Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) are amongst the leading neurodevelopmental disorders in children worldwide causing diminished quality of life. Unlike CP caused by brain damage affecting muscle tone, movement and motor skills, equivocal report of different genes with varying loci as genetic malformation and genetic modulation by environmental factors have been the focus of attention in the aetiology of ASD. This study investigated levels of toxic metal (Pb) and macro elements (Ca and Mg) in blood of children with ASD and CP in Nigeria. 8 and 18 Children (aged 2 - 12 years) clinically screened for features of ASD and CP respectively by pediatric neurologist using DMS-IV classification along with 15 age-matched neurologically healthy ones as controls were recruited. Plasma levels of Ca, Mg and Pb were determined in the children using Induction Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Results were analyzed using students t-test. The gender difference was not significant in the children (P = 0.216) while developmental milestones’ abnormalities (stable neck, sitting, crawling and walking) was significantly prevalent among CP children relative to ASD and normal children (P= 0.003, 0.003, 0.003 and 0.000 respectively);however, abnormality in talking was common in ASD and CP relative to normal children (P = 0.000). There was significant difference in educational background of ASD and CP parents relative to those of normal children (P = 0.025). Mean plasma calcium and magnesium levels was significantly reduced in children with ASD (7.90 ± 0.17 mg/dl, 2.44 ± 0.07 mg/dl) and CP (7.26 ± 0.31 mg/dl, 2.42 ± 0.08 mg/dl) in comparison to the controls (8.97 ± 0.20 mg/dl and 3.26 ± 0.16 mg/dl);(P < 0.001;P < 0.000 and P < 0.002;P < 0.000) respectively. However, mean lead levels in children with CP (10.38 ± 1.45 μg/dl) were significantly greater than in ASD (7.92 ± 1.30 μg/dl) and normal children (6.83 ± 0.72 μg/dl) (P < 0.433;P < 0.047). Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia with concurrent plumbism (more pronounced in CP) was observed in children with ASD and CP in this study).展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a range of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by social dysfunction and stereotypic behaviors.The etiology of ASD remains largely unexplored,resulting in a diverse array of descr...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a range of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by social dysfunction and stereotypic behaviors.The etiology of ASD remains largely unexplored,resulting in a diverse array of described clinical manifestations and varying degrees of severity.Currently,there are no drugs approved by a supervisory organization that can effectively treat the core symptoms of ASD.Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages for making significant achievements in ASD treatment,necessitating the development of drugs specifically for these periods.Based on the drug targets and mechanisms of action,it can be found that atypical psychotropic medications,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant medications,hormonal medications,ion channel medications,and gastrointestinal medications have shown significant improvement in treating the core symptoms of ASD in both children and adolescents.In addition,comparisons of drugs within the same category regarding efficacy and safety have been made to identify better alternatives and promote drug development.While further evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of these medications is needed,they hold great potential for widespread application in the clinical treatment of the principal symptoms of ASD.展开更多
The rising demand for child care is putting a strain on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),particularly the mothers.This study investigated Chinese mothers of children with ASD and examined the fac...The rising demand for child care is putting a strain on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),particularly the mothers.This study investigated Chinese mothers of children with ASD and examined the factors associated with maternal mental health.An online national survey was completed by the parents of 5077 ASD children and adolescents aged 0–17 years.A total of 28.0%of the mothers reported poor mental health status.Mothers with children aged 10–13 years had a lower chance of having poor mental health status than mothers with children aged 0–2 years(odds ratio(OR)0.63,95%confidence interval(CI)0.43–0.91).Mothers of children with high-functioning autism were less likely to have poor mental health status than those of children with low-functioning autism(OR 0.76,95%CI 0.62–0.94).Having children with comorbidities was related with a higher risk of poor mental status(OR 1.56,95%CI 1.35–1.81),as were having conflicts with other family members(OR 1.44,95%CI 1.22–1.70)and providing full-time care(OR 1.22,CI 1.06–1.41).A higher-than-average family income was associated with lower risk of having poor mental health status(OR 0.70,95%CI 0.58–0.82).Factors related to the children and family,and providing full-time care,have a significant effect on mothers’mental health status.Reducing obstacles to work and social interaction,as well as tackling the financial burden of raising an ASD child,may help improve the well-being of mothers.展开更多
文摘This work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of static and intermittent gravity inverted therapy techniques in improvement of motor apraxia and cognitive abilities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 30 children were randomly joined in this study into two groups;Group A (sensory integration therapy approach plus static and intermittent inversion therapy techniques) and Group B (sensory integration therapy approach only). Block design test was used to locate and follow constructional apraxia, computerized information processing speed test to locate and follow cognitive processing and grooved pegboard test was used to locate and follow fine motor skills. The variance between pre- and post-treatment results was highly significant in the study group in all variables. By comparison of the two groups in constructional apraxia variables test at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favour to study groups (p < 0.05). By comparison of the two groups in cognitive processing variable at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favour to study group (p < 0.05). By comparison of the two groups in fine motor skills variable at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favor to study group (p < 0.05). According to the outcomes of this study, it can be terminated that the sensory integration therapy approach plus static and intermittent inversion therapy techniques can be recommended in improvement constructional apraxia and cognitive processing abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is regarded as a neurological disorder well-defined by a specific set of problems associated with social skills,recurrent conduct,and communication.Identifying ASD as soon as possible is favourable due to prior identification of ASD permits prompt interferences in children with ASD.Recognition of ASD related to objective pathogenicmutation screening is the initial step against prior intervention and efficient treatment of children who were affected.Nowadays,healthcare and machine learning(ML)industries are combined for determining the existence of various diseases.This article devises a Jellyfish Search Optimization with Deep Learning Driven ASD Detection and Classification(JSODL-ASDDC)model.The goal of the JSODL-ASDDC algorithm is to identify the different stages of ASD with the help of biomedical data.The proposed JSODLASDDC model initially performs min-max data normalization approach to scale the data into uniform range.In addition,the JSODL-ASDDC model involves JSO based feature selection(JFSO-FS)process to choose optimal feature subsets.Moreover,Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)based classification model is utilized for the recognition and classification of ASD.Furthermore,the Bacterial Foraging Optimization(BFO)assisted parameter tuning process gets executed to enhance the efficacy of the GRU system.The experimental assessment of the JSODL-ASDDC model is investigated against distinct datasets.The experimental outcomes highlighted the enhanced performances of the JSODL-ASDDC algorithm over recent approaches.
文摘Studies on the evaluation by therapists of parental behavior towards their children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD)and towards the therapists of their children are scarce.They are necessary,however,for enabling parents to become co-therapists.The present study’s purpose was the evaluation by therapists of the behavior of parents towards their children,of their relationship to therapists,and therapy outcome.The sample consisted of 178 parents of 89 children(72 boys)with ASD,who underwent intensive early intervention at a day centre for developmental disabilities.The professional team completed a questionnaire,separately for the mother and father,evaluating the parental attitude towards their children and towards the therapists.The behavior of parents was less satisfactory than expected.The fathers had difficulties in understanding their child’s problems,and had unrealistic expectations;mothers’behavior towards their children and therapists was better than the fathers’.Mothers had difficulty mostly in the management of the child’s behavior,and did not do well with feeding.It might be difficult for every parent to become co-therapist.Understanding the child’s difficulties by the mother,adequate handling of feeding and homework,were statistically significant in the good outcome of therapy.
文摘Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a spectrum of symptoms and behaviors,challenging to fully comprehend due to its variability.This article provides an overview of ASD,including its characteristics,prevalence,diagnosis,and causes.The prevalence of ASD has been on the rise,with improved awareness and diagnostic tools.While genetics and environmental factors play a role,the exact causes remain elusive.Early intervention and various therapies are crucial for improving outcomes,although there is no cure.Ongoing research aims to uncover the complexities of ASD and develop effective treatments.Embracing diversity and fostering inclusion is essential for supporting individuals with ASD.As we continue to unravel the mysteries of ASD,we move closer to a more understanding and inclusive society.This article explores the role of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS)in the treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD).TMS,a non-invasive neurostimulation technique,is gaining attention as a potential therapy to address specific aspects of ASD.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neuronal developmental disorder that is characterized by de⁃fects both in social interaction and verbal communication,and is often accompanied by restricted interest,and repeti⁃tive and stereotyped behaviors.The prevalence of ASD is approximately 0.8%~1.2%in China.Although its etiology remains unclear in most cases,over 1000 genes or genomic loci have been linked to its pathogenic origin,indicating a strong genetic influence,as well as complicated pathogenic mechanisms.Here,we reviewed recent findings in the possible genetic effects on synaptic pathophysiology of ASD,and a particular focus was put on variants in genes that are related to synaptic morphology or functions,such as FMR1,NRXN,NLGN,SHANK and MeCP2.The synaptic pathology caused by these genetic defects may substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD.This review out⁃lines several lines of evidence that have been recently reported to support the hypothesis that a genetic defect may lead to a synaptic pathology that may underlie the pathogenesis of ASD.
文摘This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.
基金Song Hujie’s Inheritance Studio of National Renowned Traditional Chinese Medicine Experts.
文摘Objective:To explore the core acupuncture acupoints and pattern-adapted acupoint combination rules for autism spectrum disorder(ASD)complicated with sleep disorder using clinical data mining technology.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the diagnosis and treatment data of 104 children with ASD complicated with sleep disorder admitted to Xi’an Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Encephalopathy Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024.Cross-pattern main acupoints were screened via frequency statistics,chi-square test,and factor analysis;pattern-specific auxiliary acupoints were extracted by combining multiple correspondence analysis,cluster analysis,and association rule mining.Results:Ten cross-pattern main acupoints(Baihui,Sishenzhen,Language Area 1,Language Area 2,Neiguan,Shenmen,Yongquan,Xuanzhong)were identified,and acupoint combination schemes for four major TCM patterns(Hyperactivity of Liver and Heart Fire,Deficiency of Kidney Essence,Deficiency of Both Heart and Spleen,Hyperactivity of Liver with Spleen Deficiency)were established.Conclusion:Acupuncture treatment should follow the principle of“regulating spirit and calming the brain as the root,and dredging collaterals based on pattern differentiation as the branch”.The synergy between main and auxiliary acupoints can accurately regulate the disease,providing a basis for precise clinical treatment.
基金supported by the 2021 Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions“Youth Innovation Talent Introduction and Cultivation Plan”(Public Health Safety Risk Assessment and Response Innovation Team)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Reform Demonstration Zone Science and Technology Co construction Project(No.GZYKJSSD-2024-106)Research Project of Shandong Educational Supervision Society(No.SDJYDDXH2023-2159).
文摘Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs),with symptoms often appearing very early in one’s career[1].WMSDs are conditions affecting the muscles,bones,and nervous system due to occupational factors.In 2002,the International Labor Organization included musculoskeletal diseases in the International List of Occupational Diseases.China’s recently updated Classification and Catalog of Occupational Diseases has introduced two new categories of occupational illnesses,including occupational musculoskeletal disorders.WMSDs significantly impact the health and work of dentists,reducing their quality of life and causing economic losses.These disorders are multifactorial in nature,influenced by personal,psychosocial,biomechanical,and environmental factors.Dentists frequently maintain static or awkward postures during procedures,which leads to musculoskeletal strain and discomfort;additionally,long working hours contribute to psychological stress,further increasing the risk of WMSDs[2].
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Oommen et al.Oommen et al provided a comprehensive overview of the management of hip centre restoration in total hip arthroplasty(THA)for childhood hip disorder sequelae.Given the developmental disparity in this population,specific preoperative planning is an essential prerequisite for the success of THA procedures.In the review by Oommen et al,assessments of acetabular and femoral anatomic variations were fully described.However,spinal malalignment and stiffness are common in physical and radiological examinations and should be taken into careful consideration when planning surgical procedures.Poor outcomes of THA for patients with comorbid hip and spinopelvic pathologies have been widely reported,especially for hips with childhood disorder sequelae.Therefore,in this editorial,we would like to emphasize the need for a thorough hip-spine evaluation of patients with childhood hip disorder sequelae before THA.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders （FGIDs） represent a common and important class of disorders within gastroenterology. Rome Ⅰ, the first edition was published in 1994, with symptom-based diagnostic criteria for FGIDs. These criteria began to change the diagnostic approach to F-GIDs, and no longer considered ＂diagnoses of exclusion＂ but rather ＂diagnoses of inclusion＂. Rome Ⅱ, the second edition published in 2000, resulted from the continual process of analyzing new scientific and clinical evidence in the study of F-GIDs. Rome Ⅱ, diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）, was extended with a focus on the frequency of symptoms occurring twelve weeks （not necessarily consecutive weeks） within twelve months. ROlE Ⅲ, the third edition, conservative one, was published in September 2006, with changes made only where there is good evidence to do so. Some of the differences between Rome Ⅱ and Rome Ⅲ criteria are highlighted in this issue.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ18020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32025009, 91951209, 31722031)。
文摘Extensive studies, largely during the past decade, identify the dynamic and bidirectional interaction between the bacteria resident in the intestines and their host brain along the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". This interaction modulates the development and function of the central nervous system and is implicated in neurological disorders. As a neurodevelopmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a historically defect in the brain. With accumulating evidence showing how the microorganisms modulate neural activities, more and more research is focusing on the role of the gut microbiota in mitigating ASD symptoms and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we describe the intricate and crucial pathways via which the gut microbiota communicates with the brain, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and summarize the specific pathways that mediate the crosstalk of the gut microbiota to the brain in ASD.
文摘Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) are amongst the leading neurodevelopmental disorders in children worldwide causing diminished quality of life. Unlike CP caused by brain damage affecting muscle tone, movement and motor skills, equivocal report of different genes with varying loci as genetic malformation and genetic modulation by environmental factors have been the focus of attention in the aetiology of ASD. This study investigated levels of toxic metal (Pb) and macro elements (Ca and Mg) in blood of children with ASD and CP in Nigeria. 8 and 18 Children (aged 2 - 12 years) clinically screened for features of ASD and CP respectively by pediatric neurologist using DMS-IV classification along with 15 age-matched neurologically healthy ones as controls were recruited. Plasma levels of Ca, Mg and Pb were determined in the children using Induction Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Results were analyzed using students t-test. The gender difference was not significant in the children (P = 0.216) while developmental milestones’ abnormalities (stable neck, sitting, crawling and walking) was significantly prevalent among CP children relative to ASD and normal children (P= 0.003, 0.003, 0.003 and 0.000 respectively);however, abnormality in talking was common in ASD and CP relative to normal children (P = 0.000). There was significant difference in educational background of ASD and CP parents relative to those of normal children (P = 0.025). Mean plasma calcium and magnesium levels was significantly reduced in children with ASD (7.90 ± 0.17 mg/dl, 2.44 ± 0.07 mg/dl) and CP (7.26 ± 0.31 mg/dl, 2.42 ± 0.08 mg/dl) in comparison to the controls (8.97 ± 0.20 mg/dl and 3.26 ± 0.16 mg/dl);(P < 0.001;P < 0.000 and P < 0.002;P < 0.000) respectively. However, mean lead levels in children with CP (10.38 ± 1.45 μg/dl) were significantly greater than in ASD (7.92 ± 1.30 μg/dl) and normal children (6.83 ± 0.72 μg/dl) (P < 0.433;P < 0.047). Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia with concurrent plumbism (more pronounced in CP) was observed in children with ASD and CP in this study).
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030335001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32200815)+1 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20&ZD296)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721218)。
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a range of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by social dysfunction and stereotypic behaviors.The etiology of ASD remains largely unexplored,resulting in a diverse array of described clinical manifestations and varying degrees of severity.Currently,there are no drugs approved by a supervisory organization that can effectively treat the core symptoms of ASD.Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages for making significant achievements in ASD treatment,necessitating the development of drugs specifically for these periods.Based on the drug targets and mechanisms of action,it can be found that atypical psychotropic medications,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant medications,hormonal medications,ion channel medications,and gastrointestinal medications have shown significant improvement in treating the core symptoms of ASD in both children and adolescents.In addition,comparisons of drugs within the same category regarding efficacy and safety have been made to identify better alternatives and promote drug development.While further evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of these medications is needed,they hold great potential for widespread application in the clinical treatment of the principal symptoms of ASD.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.J230013),China。
文摘The rising demand for child care is putting a strain on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),particularly the mothers.This study investigated Chinese mothers of children with ASD and examined the factors associated with maternal mental health.An online national survey was completed by the parents of 5077 ASD children and adolescents aged 0–17 years.A total of 28.0%of the mothers reported poor mental health status.Mothers with children aged 10–13 years had a lower chance of having poor mental health status than mothers with children aged 0–2 years(odds ratio(OR)0.63,95%confidence interval(CI)0.43–0.91).Mothers of children with high-functioning autism were less likely to have poor mental health status than those of children with low-functioning autism(OR 0.76,95%CI 0.62–0.94).Having children with comorbidities was related with a higher risk of poor mental status(OR 1.56,95%CI 1.35–1.81),as were having conflicts with other family members(OR 1.44,95%CI 1.22–1.70)and providing full-time care(OR 1.22,CI 1.06–1.41).A higher-than-average family income was associated with lower risk of having poor mental health status(OR 0.70,95%CI 0.58–0.82).Factors related to the children and family,and providing full-time care,have a significant effect on mothers’mental health status.Reducing obstacles to work and social interaction,as well as tackling the financial burden of raising an ASD child,may help improve the well-being of mothers.
