Refrigeration system holds an important role in process industries. The optimal synthesis cannot only reduce the energy consumption, but also save the production costs. In this study, a general methodology is develope...Refrigeration system holds an important role in process industries. The optimal synthesis cannot only reduce the energy consumption, but also save the production costs. In this study, a general methodology is developed for the optimal design of refrigeration cycle and heat exchanger network(HEN) simultaneously. Taking the heat integration between the external heat sources/sinks and the refrigeration cycle into consideration, a superstructure with sub-coolers is developed. Through defining logical variables that indicate the relative temperature positions of refrigerant streams after sub-coolers, the synthesis is formulated as a Generalized Disjunctive Programming(GDP) problem based on LP transshipment model, with the target of minimizing the total compressor shaft work in the refrigeration system. The GDP model is then reformulated as a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming(MINLP) problem with the aid of binary variables and Big-M Constraint Method. The efficacy of the process synthesis model is demonstrated by a case study of ethylene refrigeration system. The result shows that the optimization can significantly reduce the exergy loss as well as the total compression shaft work.展开更多
Path prediction of flexible needles based on the Fokker-Planck equation and disjunctive Kriging model is proposed to improve accuracy and consider the nonlinearity and anisotropy of soft tissues.The stochastic differe...Path prediction of flexible needles based on the Fokker-Planck equation and disjunctive Kriging model is proposed to improve accuracy and consider the nonlinearity and anisotropy of soft tissues.The stochastic differential equation is developed into the Fokker-Planck equation with Gaussian noise,and the position and orientation probability density function of flexible needles are then optimized by the stochastic differential equation.The probability density function obtains the mean and covariance of flexible needle movement and helps plan puncture paths by combining with the probabilistic path algorithm.The weight coefficients of the ordinary Kriging are extended to nonlinear functions to optimize the planned puncture path,and the Hermite expansion is used to calculate nonlinear parameter values of the disjunctive Kriging optimization model.Finally,simulation experiments are performed.Detailed comparison results under different path planning maps show that the kinematics model can plan optimal puncture paths under clinical requirements with an error far less than 2 mm.It can effectively optimize the path prediction model and help improve the target rate of soft tissue puncture with flexible needles through data analysis and processing of the mean value and covariance parameters derived by the probability density and disjunctive Kriging algorithms.展开更多
To evaluate the heat performance of the lifting-body entry vehicle during the hypersonic gliding phase,entry flight heat tests involving the determination of the maximum peak-heat-flux entry trajectory with complex co...To evaluate the heat performance of the lifting-body entry vehicle during the hypersonic gliding phase,entry flight heat tests involving the determination of the maximum peak-heat-flux entry trajectory with complex constraints are essential.A significant obstacle is the uncertainty of passage time or energy states of the maximum peak entry heat flux point and waypoints.This paper showcases an endeavour to leverage disjunctive programming and combinatorial theory for the max-max type(maximum peak-heat-flux)Entry Trajectory Optimization(ETO)problems with complex constraints such as dynamic pressure,normal load,waypoints,and no-fly zones.The concept of a"generalized waypoint"is introduced,and the maximum peak-heat-flux point is regarded as a"generalized waypoint".Through the application of propositional calculus rules,the derivation of generalized waypoints incorporating various physical quantities and magnitudes such as heat flux density,longitude,and latitude is actualized in one disjunctive normal form,enabling resolution via a unified method.Consequently,a novel method based on combinatorial prior rules is proposed,utilizing Successive Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming(SMINLP)to optimize various heat entry test flight trajectories.Numerical experiments are provided to show the computational accuracy,stability,and adaptability of the proposed method in solving maxmax type entry optimal control problems.展开更多
In this paper, it is shown that stable model semantics, perfect model semantics, and partial stable model semantics of disjunctive logic programs have the same expressive power with respect to the polynomial-time mode...In this paper, it is shown that stable model semantics, perfect model semantics, and partial stable model semantics of disjunctive logic programs have the same expressive power with respect to the polynomial-time model-equivalent reduction. That is, taking perfect model semantics and stable model semantic as an example, any logic program P can be transformed in polynomial time to another logic program P＇ such that perfect models （resp. stable models） of P i-i correspond to stable models （resp. perfect models） of P＇, and the correspondence can be computed also in polynomial time. However, the minimal model semantics has weaker expressiveness than other mentioned semantics, otherwise, the polynomial hierarchy would collapse to NP.展开更多
The NP-complete problems have been shown to be hard problems in the theory of computational complexity. They include many problems of great significance both in theory and in practice. If there is a fast (in the sense...The NP-complete problems have been shown to be hard problems in the theory of computational complexity. They include many problems of great significance both in theory and in practice. If there is a fast (in the sense of polynomial time) algorithm for the dual problem of an NP-complete problem, then there are fast algorithms for all. But so far,展开更多
The relationship between the disjunctive stable semantics and argumentation is rarely explored. In particular, the problem of how to perform argumentation with disjunctive logic programs by the disjunctive stable sema...The relationship between the disjunctive stable semantics and argumentation is rarely explored. In particular, the problem of how to perform argumentation with disjunctive logic programs by the disjunctive stable semantics is still open. This paper attempts to address this problem and a satisfied solution is provided, in which a disjunctive logic program is naturally transformed into an argument framework and the credulous argumentation is characterized as the maximal members of all acceptable hypotheses. In this semantic framework, some interesting results are obtained. In particular, it is shown that the formalism of credulous argumentation can be implemented through the disjunctive stable models. As a result, the work provides not only a new way of performing argumentation (abduction) in disjunctive deductive databases, but also a natural and complete extension for the disjunctive stable semantics.展开更多
By translating each disjunctive logic program into an abductive framework, a declarative semantics for the class of disjunctive logic programs, called the typical abductive semantics (TAS), is presented, which is quit...By translating each disjunctive logic program into an abductive framework, a declarative semantics for the class of disjunctive logic programs, called the typical abductive semantics (TAS), is presented, which is quite simple and highly intuitive. TAS is complete and coincides with the stable semantics for the class of disjunctive programs that possess stable models. By the coherence principle, TAS can be easily generalized to extended disjunctive programs and can properly handle some benchmark problems in commonsense reasoning展开更多
In common sense reasoning with incomplete knowledge bases, conclusions are made by defaultHowever, it is observed that when the negation-by-default operator not is defined as not provable , the disjunctive logic progr...In common sense reasoning with incomplete knowledge bases, conclusions are made by defaultHowever, it is observed that when the negation-by-default operator not is defined as not provable , the disjunctive logic program { a V b, not a, not b} should be consistent because a being not provable and b being nor provable does not imply a V b being riot provable. Such an observation is significant for non-monotonic reasoning, but none of the major current semantics for disjunctive logic programs is able to support it because they are all based on classical first-order logic in which assuming not a and not b implies assuming no: (a V b) A new first-order logic (disjunctive logic ) is developed that fully complies with this observation and new semantics for disjunctive logic programs are established This theory is able to formalize and solve some paradoxical problems, such as the lottery paradox展开更多
The paradigm of disjunctive logic programming (DLP) enhances greatly the expressive power of normal logic programming (NLP) and many (declarative) semantics have beeu defined for DLP to cope with various problems of ...The paradigm of disjunctive logic programming (DLP) enhances greatly the expressive power of normal logic programming (NLP) and many (declarative) semantics have beeu defined for DLP to cope with various problems of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. However, the expressive ability of the semantics and the soundness of program transformations for DLP have been rarely explored. This paper defines an immediate consequence operator TGP for each disjunctive program and shows that TGP has the least and computable fixpoint Lft(P). Lft is, in fact, a program transformation for DLP which transforms all disjunctive programs into negative programs. It is shown that Lft preserves many key semantics, including the disjunctive stable models, well-founded model, disjunctive argument semantics DAS, three-valued models, etc. This means that every disjunctive program P has a unique canonical form Lft(P) with respect to these semanics. As a result, the work in this paper provides a unifying frameword for studying the expressive ability of various semantics for DLP.On the other hand, the computing of the above semantics for negative programs is just a trivial task, therefore, Lft(P) is also an optimization method for DLP. Another application of Lft is to derive some interesting semantic results for DLP.展开更多
The formation of pantropical intercontinental disjunction(PID)in plants has generally been attributed to vicariance,boreotropical migration,and long-distance dispersal.However,this pattern has primarily been examined ...The formation of pantropical intercontinental disjunction(PID)in plants has generally been attributed to vicariance,boreotropical migration,and long-distance dispersal.However,this pattern has primarily been examined in herbs,shrubs,and trees,and less commonly studied in interlayer plant taxa.Here we examined evolutionary processes that resulted in the PID of a pantropical woody liana,Uncaria(Rubiaceae).We first constructed a comprehensive phylogeny by employing 73 plastid protein-coding sequences from 29 accessions of Uncaria(including 16 newly sequenced)from different continents.We then inferred divergence time,history and ecological niche evolution of this genus.Our results showed that Uncaria consisted of four well-supported clades that belonged to two geographically distinct lineages:the Asia-Oceania lineage and the Afro-Neotropical lineage.Biogeographic reconstruction showed this genus likely originated in Asia during the early Miocene(ca.19.03 Ma)and the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum may have triggered the early diversification of Uncaria.Due to its recent origin and small seeds with long wings,wind or water-mediated long-distance dispersal may have contributed to the distribution of Uncaria in tropical Oceania(via stepping-stone dispersal)and tropical Africa and America(by transoceanic dispersal).Our findings also indicate that diversification of Uncaria was primarily driven by ecological niche divergence,particularly climatic factors.Our study emphasizes the dual role of climatic niche divergence and long-distance dispersal in shaping the PID of Uncaria,providing references for many other extant lineages with similar distributions.展开更多
Diastasis of the symphysis pubis is a rare postpartum complication. We report two cases of symphysis diastasis after dystocic delivery, in two patients who presented in the postpartum period with functional impotence,...Diastasis of the symphysis pubis is a rare postpartum complication. We report two cases of symphysis diastasis after dystocic delivery, in two patients who presented in the postpartum period with functional impotence, pubalgia and acute urine retention. A frontal radiograph of the pelvis confirmed the diagnosis, showing a symphyseal separation of 12 mm and 18 mm. In our case, management was mainly medical, with a favorable clinical outcome.展开更多
Symphyseal dissection results from high-energy trauma and usually occurs in poly trauma context. The treatment is only orthopedic in our department. The aim of this work was to study the current therapeutic aspects ma...Symphyseal dissection results from high-energy trauma and usually occurs in poly trauma context. The treatment is only orthopedic in our department. The aim of this work was to study the current therapeutic aspects management of the disjunction of the pubic symphysis in the department of ortho-traumatology of CHU Gabriel Touré of Bamako MALI. This was a prospective and analytical study;from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022, within 15 patients classified according to Young and Burgess, with a functional evaluation according to Majeed and a minimum follow-up of 4 months. We report symphyseal disconnections accounted for 20.83% of the traumas of the pelvic ring, and 1.84% of patients hospitalized for fracture in the department during the period of the study. We noted a predominance of gender male in 87% of cases with a ratio of 2.75 and the average age in our series was 32 years, with extremes ranging from 18 to 63 and a SD of 13.96. The most common etiologies are APR with 66.7% and traditional mine slide cases with 20%, and the anteroposterior compression mechanism is most frequently encountered at 73.3%. The APCI types: 20%, APCII: 40% and VC: 20% of the Young and Burgess classification are the most found. The treatment of these patients was surgical in 53% cases by locked screw plate. The surgical approach of Pfannenstiel was preferred to the ilio-inguinal of Judet. Non-surgical treatment by trans-osseous traction and the wearing of a pelvic belt was recommended for cases of stable disjunction or severe associated lesions. The average length of stay is 17.27 days with extremes of 5 and 34 days. The functional assessment according to Majeed allowed us to classify 73.3% of patients’ cases as excellent, showing a good socio-professional reintegration. Symphyseal disjunction is a rare pathology but of serious functional consequences, regardless of the therapeutic method good management allows to minimize these functional sequelae.展开更多
Cercis (L.) (Leguminosae) consists of approximately 8 species, disjunctly distributed in eastern and western Asia, southern Europe, and North America. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using sequences of the interna...Cercis (L.) (Leguminosae) consists of approximately 8 species, disjunctly distributed in eastern and western Asia, southern Europe, and North America. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The two North American and one Southern European and Western Asian species consistently form a clade, nesting within the eastern Asian species, suggesting a slightly closer relationship between the North American and Southern Europe-Western Asian species than each with the Eastern Asian species of Cercis. A close relationship between the eastern and western North American species is furthermore demonstrated, although with weaker support. The possibilities of migration via either the Bering land bridges or the North Atlantic land bridges could not be precluded; it suggests that the biogeographic patterns in the Northern Hemisphere are complex.展开更多
This article makes a brief introduces to Daniel Bell's The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism which explores how a bourgeois economy coexists with an anti-bourgeois culture. This article is comprised of four pa...This article makes a brief introduces to Daniel Bell's The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism which explores how a bourgeois economy coexists with an anti-bourgeois culture. This article is comprised of four parts including the concept of culture、the disjunction of three realms(economics, politics and culture)、the cultural contradictions of capitalism and the evaluation on Daniel Bell's theory. It offers a close look into the inner relation between different spheres in the capitalist society illustrated in Bell's book, and Bell's theory in terms of cultural contradictions of capitalism will be concretely elaborated.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676183)
文摘Refrigeration system holds an important role in process industries. The optimal synthesis cannot only reduce the energy consumption, but also save the production costs. In this study, a general methodology is developed for the optimal design of refrigeration cycle and heat exchanger network(HEN) simultaneously. Taking the heat integration between the external heat sources/sinks and the refrigeration cycle into consideration, a superstructure with sub-coolers is developed. Through defining logical variables that indicate the relative temperature positions of refrigerant streams after sub-coolers, the synthesis is formulated as a Generalized Disjunctive Programming(GDP) problem based on LP transshipment model, with the target of minimizing the total compressor shaft work in the refrigeration system. The GDP model is then reformulated as a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming(MINLP) problem with the aid of binary variables and Big-M Constraint Method. The efficacy of the process synthesis model is demonstrated by a case study of ethylene refrigeration system. The result shows that the optimization can significantly reduce the exergy loss as well as the total compression shaft work.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61903175,62163024,62163026)the Academic and Technical Leaders Foundation of Major Disciplines of Jiangxi Province under Grant(No.20204BCJ23006).
文摘Path prediction of flexible needles based on the Fokker-Planck equation and disjunctive Kriging model is proposed to improve accuracy and consider the nonlinearity and anisotropy of soft tissues.The stochastic differential equation is developed into the Fokker-Planck equation with Gaussian noise,and the position and orientation probability density function of flexible needles are then optimized by the stochastic differential equation.The probability density function obtains the mean and covariance of flexible needle movement and helps plan puncture paths by combining with the probabilistic path algorithm.The weight coefficients of the ordinary Kriging are extended to nonlinear functions to optimize the planned puncture path,and the Hermite expansion is used to calculate nonlinear parameter values of the disjunctive Kriging optimization model.Finally,simulation experiments are performed.Detailed comparison results under different path planning maps show that the kinematics model can plan optimal puncture paths under clinical requirements with an error far less than 2 mm.It can effectively optimize the path prediction model and help improve the target rate of soft tissue puncture with flexible needles through data analysis and processing of the mean value and covariance parameters derived by the probability density and disjunctive Kriging algorithms.
基金funded by the Key Laboratory of Cross-Domain Flight Interdisciplinary Technology,China(No.2024-KF02201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61973326)。
文摘To evaluate the heat performance of the lifting-body entry vehicle during the hypersonic gliding phase,entry flight heat tests involving the determination of the maximum peak-heat-flux entry trajectory with complex constraints are essential.A significant obstacle is the uncertainty of passage time or energy states of the maximum peak entry heat flux point and waypoints.This paper showcases an endeavour to leverage disjunctive programming and combinatorial theory for the max-max type(maximum peak-heat-flux)Entry Trajectory Optimization(ETO)problems with complex constraints such as dynamic pressure,normal load,waypoints,and no-fly zones.The concept of a"generalized waypoint"is introduced,and the maximum peak-heat-flux point is regarded as a"generalized waypoint".Through the application of propositional calculus rules,the derivation of generalized waypoints incorporating various physical quantities and magnitudes such as heat flux density,longitude,and latitude is actualized in one disjunctive normal form,enabling resolution via a unified method.Consequently,a novel method based on combinatorial prior rules is proposed,utilizing Successive Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming(SMINLP)to optimize various heat entry test flight trajectories.Numerical experiments are provided to show the computational accuracy,stability,and adaptability of the proposed method in solving maxmax type entry optimal control problems.
基金This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60573011,10410638an MOE Project of Key Institute at Universities under Grant No.05JJD72040122.
文摘In this paper, it is shown that stable model semantics, perfect model semantics, and partial stable model semantics of disjunctive logic programs have the same expressive power with respect to the polynomial-time model-equivalent reduction. That is, taking perfect model semantics and stable model semantic as an example, any logic program P can be transformed in polynomial time to another logic program P＇ such that perfect models （resp. stable models） of P i-i correspond to stable models （resp. perfect models） of P＇, and the correspondence can be computed also in polynomial time. However, the minimal model semantics has weaker expressiveness than other mentioned semantics, otherwise, the polynomial hierarchy would collapse to NP.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The NP-complete problems have been shown to be hard problems in the theory of computational complexity. They include many problems of great significance both in theory and in practice. If there is a fast (in the sense of polynomial time) algorithm for the dual problem of an NP-complete problem, then there are fast algorithms for all. But so far,
文摘The relationship between the disjunctive stable semantics and argumentation is rarely explored. In particular, the problem of how to perform argumentation with disjunctive logic programs by the disjunctive stable semantics is still open. This paper attempts to address this problem and a satisfied solution is provided, in which a disjunctive logic program is naturally transformed into an argument framework and the credulous argumentation is characterized as the maximal members of all acceptable hypotheses. In this semantic framework, some interesting results are obtained. In particular, it is shown that the formalism of credulous argumentation can be implemented through the disjunctive stable models. As a result, the work provides not only a new way of performing argumentation (abduction) in disjunctive deductive databases, but also a natural and complete extension for the disjunctive stable semantics.
基金Project supported by the State Climbing Project of China, the High-Tech Program of China and the fund from the National University of Defense Technology.
文摘By translating each disjunctive logic program into an abductive framework, a declarative semantics for the class of disjunctive logic programs, called the typical abductive semantics (TAS), is presented, which is quite simple and highly intuitive. TAS is complete and coincides with the stable semantics for the class of disjunctive programs that possess stable models. By the coherence principle, TAS can be easily generalized to extended disjunctive programs and can properly handle some benchmark problems in commonsense reasoning
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the State Education Commission and the Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Foundation of China The research was completed during the authors vist to the mverstty of Maryland
文摘In common sense reasoning with incomplete knowledge bases, conclusions are made by defaultHowever, it is observed that when the negation-by-default operator not is defined as not provable , the disjunctive logic program { a V b, not a, not b} should be consistent because a being not provable and b being nor provable does not imply a V b being riot provable. Such an observation is significant for non-monotonic reasoning, but none of the major current semantics for disjunctive logic programs is able to support it because they are all based on classical first-order logic in which assuming not a and not b implies assuming no: (a V b) A new first-order logic (disjunctive logic ) is developed that fully complies with this observation and new semantics for disjunctive logic programs are established This theory is able to formalize and solve some paradoxical problems, such as the lottery paradox
文摘The paradigm of disjunctive logic programming (DLP) enhances greatly the expressive power of normal logic programming (NLP) and many (declarative) semantics have beeu defined for DLP to cope with various problems of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. However, the expressive ability of the semantics and the soundness of program transformations for DLP have been rarely explored. This paper defines an immediate consequence operator TGP for each disjunctive program and shows that TGP has the least and computable fixpoint Lft(P). Lft is, in fact, a program transformation for DLP which transforms all disjunctive programs into negative programs. It is shown that Lft preserves many key semantics, including the disjunctive stable models, well-founded model, disjunctive argument semantics DAS, three-valued models, etc. This means that every disjunctive program P has a unique canonical form Lft(P) with respect to these semanics. As a result, the work in this paper provides a unifying frameword for studying the expressive ability of various semantics for DLP.On the other hand, the computing of the above semantics for negative programs is just a trivial task, therefore, Lft(P) is also an optimization method for DLP. Another application of Lft is to derive some interesting semantic results for DLP.
基金funded equally by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322006 and 32100187)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2024QZKK0200)+5 种基金by the Key Projects of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20149)the Key R&D Program of Yunnan Province(202103AF140005 and 202101BC070002)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Talent and Platform Plan(202305AM070005)the Key Specialized Research and Development Breakthrough Program in Henan Province(232102110237)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421572)the Strategic Biological Resources Capacity Building Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-BRP-017-08).
文摘The formation of pantropical intercontinental disjunction(PID)in plants has generally been attributed to vicariance,boreotropical migration,and long-distance dispersal.However,this pattern has primarily been examined in herbs,shrubs,and trees,and less commonly studied in interlayer plant taxa.Here we examined evolutionary processes that resulted in the PID of a pantropical woody liana,Uncaria(Rubiaceae).We first constructed a comprehensive phylogeny by employing 73 plastid protein-coding sequences from 29 accessions of Uncaria(including 16 newly sequenced)from different continents.We then inferred divergence time,history and ecological niche evolution of this genus.Our results showed that Uncaria consisted of four well-supported clades that belonged to two geographically distinct lineages:the Asia-Oceania lineage and the Afro-Neotropical lineage.Biogeographic reconstruction showed this genus likely originated in Asia during the early Miocene(ca.19.03 Ma)and the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum may have triggered the early diversification of Uncaria.Due to its recent origin and small seeds with long wings,wind or water-mediated long-distance dispersal may have contributed to the distribution of Uncaria in tropical Oceania(via stepping-stone dispersal)and tropical Africa and America(by transoceanic dispersal).Our findings also indicate that diversification of Uncaria was primarily driven by ecological niche divergence,particularly climatic factors.Our study emphasizes the dual role of climatic niche divergence and long-distance dispersal in shaping the PID of Uncaria,providing references for many other extant lineages with similar distributions.
文摘Diastasis of the symphysis pubis is a rare postpartum complication. We report two cases of symphysis diastasis after dystocic delivery, in two patients who presented in the postpartum period with functional impotence, pubalgia and acute urine retention. A frontal radiograph of the pelvis confirmed the diagnosis, showing a symphyseal separation of 12 mm and 18 mm. In our case, management was mainly medical, with a favorable clinical outcome.
文摘Symphyseal dissection results from high-energy trauma and usually occurs in poly trauma context. The treatment is only orthopedic in our department. The aim of this work was to study the current therapeutic aspects management of the disjunction of the pubic symphysis in the department of ortho-traumatology of CHU Gabriel Touré of Bamako MALI. This was a prospective and analytical study;from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022, within 15 patients classified according to Young and Burgess, with a functional evaluation according to Majeed and a minimum follow-up of 4 months. We report symphyseal disconnections accounted for 20.83% of the traumas of the pelvic ring, and 1.84% of patients hospitalized for fracture in the department during the period of the study. We noted a predominance of gender male in 87% of cases with a ratio of 2.75 and the average age in our series was 32 years, with extremes ranging from 18 to 63 and a SD of 13.96. The most common etiologies are APR with 66.7% and traditional mine slide cases with 20%, and the anteroposterior compression mechanism is most frequently encountered at 73.3%. The APCI types: 20%, APCII: 40% and VC: 20% of the Young and Burgess classification are the most found. The treatment of these patients was surgical in 53% cases by locked screw plate. The surgical approach of Pfannenstiel was preferred to the ilio-inguinal of Judet. Non-surgical treatment by trans-osseous traction and the wearing of a pelvic belt was recommended for cases of stable disjunction or severe associated lesions. The average length of stay is 17.27 days with extremes of 5 and 34 days. The functional assessment according to Majeed allowed us to classify 73.3% of patients’ cases as excellent, showing a good socio-professional reintegration. Symphyseal disjunction is a rare pathology but of serious functional consequences, regardless of the therapeutic method good management allows to minimize these functional sequelae.
文摘Cercis (L.) (Leguminosae) consists of approximately 8 species, disjunctly distributed in eastern and western Asia, southern Europe, and North America. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The two North American and one Southern European and Western Asian species consistently form a clade, nesting within the eastern Asian species, suggesting a slightly closer relationship between the North American and Southern Europe-Western Asian species than each with the Eastern Asian species of Cercis. A close relationship between the eastern and western North American species is furthermore demonstrated, although with weaker support. The possibilities of migration via either the Bering land bridges or the North Atlantic land bridges could not be precluded; it suggests that the biogeographic patterns in the Northern Hemisphere are complex.
文摘This article makes a brief introduces to Daniel Bell's The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism which explores how a bourgeois economy coexists with an anti-bourgeois culture. This article is comprised of four parts including the concept of culture、the disjunction of three realms(economics, politics and culture)、the cultural contradictions of capitalism and the evaluation on Daniel Bell's theory. It offers a close look into the inner relation between different spheres in the capitalist society illustrated in Bell's book, and Bell's theory in terms of cultural contradictions of capitalism will be concretely elaborated.
