The oral disintegrating film(ODF)offers significant advantages such as superior patient compliance and rapid action onset as a form of solid drug delivery.However,the drug loading efficiency and dosage of the ODF curr...The oral disintegrating film(ODF)offers significant advantages such as superior patient compliance and rapid action onset as a form of solid drug delivery.However,the drug loading efficiency and dosage of the ODF currently available in the market are limited.To enhance the drug loading efficiency,with bacterial cellulose(BC)and hyaluronic acid(HA)as film-forming agents,glycerol(GL)as a plasticizer,and diprophylline(Dilor)as the model drug,a Dilor-ODF was prepared by a solvent casting method for the treatment of acute asthma-related diseases.The BC nano-network structure was utilized to augment the drug loading efficiency of the Dilor-ODF,while HA and GL were used to improve the elongation at break.The disintegration time,drug loading efficiency and drug releasing rate,and tensile properties of the Dilor-ODF were mainly evaluated.The results indicated that the Dilor-ODF exhibited a smooth surface with a uniform thickness and a maximum drug loading efficiency of(51.10±0.08)%.The time for complete disintegration and that for drug release in simulated oral saliva were less than 30 and 90 s,respectively,indicating the effect of rapid release.The tensile strength and elongation at break of the Dilor-ODF were(46.3±2.8)MPa and(1.9±0.2)%,respectively.The thermal decomposition temperature of the Dilor-ODF was higher than 200℃,satisfying subsequent processing demand.展开更多
Ahn To develop a high resolution HPLC method for the determination of ondansetron in human plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in orally disintegrating tablets. Methods HPLC determination involved ...Ahn To develop a high resolution HPLC method for the determination of ondansetron in human plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in orally disintegrating tablets. Methods HPLC determination involved liquid-liquid extraction, separation on a CN column and ultraviolet detection at 310 ran with granisetron as an internal standard. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of ondansetron in orally disintegrating tablets by direct compression and conventional 8 mg tablets were evaluated and compared in 20 healthy human male volunteers after a single oral dose in a randomized cross-over study. Results The limit of quantification was 0.25 ng· mL^-1. The recovery was about 85 % or over for ondan setron and about 90% for internal standard. Linearity was good within the concentration range of 0.5 - 50 ng·mL^-1 with r^2 ranging from 0.997 1 to 0.999 9. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 1.78% to 2.38% and 3.88% -5.19%, respectively. Accuracies for spiked concentrations of 2.0, 10.0, and 30.0 ng·mL^-1 were 104.7% ±4.4%, 102.2% ± 1.1%, and99.51% ±2.34%, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters of AUCo-t, AUCo-∞ , Cmax, Tmax, and T1/2 were 230.2 ± 78.0 ng·h·L^-1 , 265.2± 101.5 ng·h·mL^-1, 35.67 ± 8.94 ng·mL^-l, 1.51 ±0.79 h, and 5.00± 1.41 h for orally disintegrating tablets, respectively. The analysis of variance did not show any significant difference between orally disintegrating tablets and conventional tablets, and 90% confidence intervals fell within the acceptable range for bioequivalence. Conclusion High resolution HPLC method has been set up and applied in pharmacokinetic evaluation of ondansetron in orally disintegrating tablets.展开更多
Crude seed gum and their carboxymethyl derivatives from Tamarindus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were developed and characterized to apply as the pharmaceutical disintegrant in fast disintegrating Thai cordial table...Crude seed gum and their carboxymethyl derivatives from Tamarindus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were developed and characterized to apply as the pharmaceutical disintegrant in fast disintegrating Thai cordial tablet. The chemical structure of crude gum was chemically modified via carboxymethylation. Degree of substitution(DS) of carboxymethylated gums was determined. Carboxymethylated gums with minimum and maximum DS values were chosen for further application. IR absorption spectra of gum samples were observed to verify their chemical structure changes. In physical properties, the intrinsic viscosity and swelling property of all gum samples were evaluated. The results showed that carboxymethylated gums had higher intrinsic viscosity than those of crude gum. Moreover, they could swell and be soluble in cold water better than those of crude gums. In conclusion, the modified gums from both plants could provide higher hardness and be better used than that crude gums for fast disintegrating Thai cordial tablet. However, this is a preliminary assessment to expressing pharmaceutical application possibility of these gums as disintegrants, diluents and drug release controlling agents.展开更多
Aim The aim of the present study was to prepare tablets which can rapidlydisintegrate in saliva, containing active ingredient in high dose (37.5% W/W). Methods Rapidlydisintegrating tablets containing rotundine were p...Aim The aim of the present study was to prepare tablets which can rapidlydisintegrate in saliva, containing active ingredient in high dose (37.5% W/W). Methods Rapidlydisintegrating tablets containing rotundine were prepared by direct compression, wet granulation andmoulding, respectively . Different disintegrants and excipients were decided by single factor test.The typical disintegration time measurement and a new method of wetting time measuring wereintroduced for assessing rapidly disintegrating tablets. Results The tablets (80 mg) prepared bydirect compression have the crushing strength of 4.0 kg ?mm^(-2) and rapidly disintegratewithin 15 s in the saliva of healthy volunteers; the tablets prepared by wet granulation also havesufficient strength, a little longer but acceptable disintegration time (within 25 s in saliva) ;and the tablets obtained by moulding show disintegration within 40 s in saliva but low strength (2kg·mm^(-2)) . Disintegration time profiles of tablets are similar to those of wetting time, and thedisintegration and wetting times in vitro are similar to the disintegration time in vivo, thelatter having higher correlation with that in oral cavity. Conclusion The rapidly disintegratingtablets can be prepared by using these three techniques and excipients. Both in vitro disintegrationtime and wetting time are necessary indexes for judgment of in vitro disintegration profile.展开更多
Oral disintegrating tablets(ODTs) are a novel dosage form that can be dissolved on thetongue within 3 min or less especially for geriatric and pediatric patients. Current ODT for-mulation studies usually rely on the p...Oral disintegrating tablets(ODTs) are a novel dosage form that can be dissolved on thetongue within 3 min or less especially for geriatric and pediatric patients. Current ODT for-mulation studies usually rely on the personal experience of pharmaceutical experts andtrial-and-error in the laboratory, which is inefficient and time-consuming. The aim of cur-rent research was to establish the prediction model of ODT formulations with direct com-pression process by artificial neural network(ANN) and deep neural network(DNN) tech-niques. 145 formulation data were extracted from Web of Science. All datasets were dividedinto three parts: training set(105 data), validation set(20) and testing set(20). ANN andDNN were compared for the prediction of the disintegrating time. The accuracy of the ANNmodel have reached 85.60%, 80.00% and 75.00% on the training set, validation set and testingset respectively, whereas that of the DNN model were 85.60%, 85.00% and 80.00%, respec-tively. Compared with the ANN, DNN showed the better prediction for ODT formulations.It is the first time that deep neural network with the improved dataset selection algorithmis applied to formulation prediction on small data. The proposed predictive approach couldevaluate the critical parameters about quality control of formulation, and guide researchand process development. The implementation of this prediction model could effectivelyreduce drug product development timeline and material usage, and proactively facilitatethe development of a robust drug product.展开更多
AIM: To compare rabeprazole (RPZ; 10 mg) with Lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablets (LPZ; 30 mg OD) in terms of antisecretory activity and blood drug concentration after a single dose. METHODS: Eight H pylori-neg...AIM: To compare rabeprazole (RPZ; 10 mg) with Lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablets (LPZ; 30 mg OD) in terms of antisecretory activity and blood drug concentration after a single dose. METHODS: Eight H pylori-negative cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 extensive metabolizers were assigned to receive a single oral dose of RPZ 10 mg or LPZ 30 mg OD. Twelve hour intragastric pH monitoring was perform- ed on the day of treatment. Blood samples were also collected after the administration of each drug. RESULTS: LPZ 30 mg OD induced a significantly earlier rise in blood drug concentration than RPZ 10 mg; consequently, LPZ 30 mg OD induced a significantly earlier rise in median pH in the third and fourth hours of the study. CONCLUSION: In H pylori-negative CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers, LPZ 30 mg OD induced a significantly faster inhibition of gastric acid secretion than RPZ 10 mg.展开更多
The aim of this study was to prepare diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH)-loaded orally fast-disintegrating mini-tablets (OFDMTs) containing either L-aspartic acid (Asp) or L-glutamic acid (Glu) as bitterness-suppressa...The aim of this study was to prepare diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH)-loaded orally fast-disintegrating mini-tablets (OFDMTs) containing either L-aspartic acid (Asp) or L-glutamic acid (Glu) as bitterness-suppressant, to characterize the prepared tablets and to evaluate their bitterness under conditions mimicking those of the oral cavity. The preparation of five formulation batches of the OFDMTs involved mixing DPH, with or without two different concentrations of Asp or Glu, and a premix containing a disintegrating agent. When all ingredients were well mixed, the mixture was directly compacted to form small (4 mm diameter) DPH-loaded OFDMTs. There were only small differences between the tablets with respect to mass, diameter, width and hardness. The disintegration times of the five formulation batches of DPH-loaded OFDMTs were measured using the OD-mate, a disintegration test apparatus in which conditions resemble those of the oral cavity. The disintegration times were all within 10 s of exposure to a medium representing the inside of the oral cavity. Rapid release profiles were observed for DPH, Asp and Glu in these dissolution tests. The taste sensor outputs of samples taken at different times (5 - 30 s) from the dissolution test solutions of the four DPH-loaded OFDMTs containing Asp or Glu were significantly inhibited compared with those of control DPH-loaded OFDMT. These results suggest that the inclusion of Asp or Glu in DPH-loaded OFDMTs is sufficient to mask bitterness in the oral cavity for the first 30 s after the tablet is placed in the mouth. It is anticipated that swallowing will have taken place within 30 s.展开更多
Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics and relative biological availability of Paracetatool orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods In a random two periods crossover study, ...Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics and relative biological availability of Paracetatool orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods In a random two periods crossover study, 19 healthy male Chinses volunteers received a single dose of Paracetamol 500mg of two formularies respectively. The plasma concentration of paracetamol was determined by HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two preparation and the relative biological availability of Paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets were caculated with statistical analysis. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets were （ 31436. 70 ± 7062. 80 μg · h^ -1· L^-1 and （29871.40 ± 7965.04） μg · h^ -1· L^-1 for AUC0-1 （33295. 7 ±7663. 10） μg · h^ -1· L^-1 and（31845. 20 ± 8830. 83 ） μg · h^ -1· L^-1 forAUC0-1（9. 71 ±2. 78） μg/ml and（10. 36 ±3. 86） μg/mlfor Cmax; （0. 82 ±0. 45）h and （0. 74± 0.67）hforTmax;（2.90±0. 42）h and （3. 13 ±0. 67）h for T1/2ke;（0.24 ±0.04） and （0.23 ±0.04） for Ke; （4. 1481±0. 4492 ） and （4. 0771 ±0. 8131 ） for mean residence time （ MRT） , respectively. Variance analysis showed that there was significant difference in AUC0-12 and Cmax between the two preparations. Conclusion The paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets are bioequivalent and the relative biological availability of Paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets is （ 108 ± 19） %.展开更多
Extract disintegrating tablets were prepared by acid-base separate granulation and tablet pressing method with extract as main raw material. Using sensory score as evaluation index, the effects of the amount of extrac...Extract disintegrating tablets were prepared by acid-base separate granulation and tablet pressing method with extract as main raw material. Using sensory score as evaluation index, the effects of the amount of extractum, acid-base ratio of disintegrating agent (citric acid and sodium bicarbonate) and sweetener (aspartame) on disintegrating tablets were investigated by single factor test. The preparation process of disintegrating tablets was optimized by orthogonal test, and the quality of the products was evaluated. The results showed that the best formula of extract disintegrating tablet was: extract 18%, citric acid 30%, sodium bicarbonate 25%, aspartame 1.3%, 0.5% magnesium stearate, soluble lactose 25.2%. The disintegrating tablets prepared under the optimal formula have smooth appearance, clear color and no impurities, and have the unique flavor of traditional Chinese medicine. The product quality is as follows: sensory evaluation 92 points, average tablet weight 1.50 g, hardness 60.33 N, friability < 1%, average disintegration time 221s, PH5.72.展开更多
Abstract: Objective To apply the response surface-central composite design to developing and optimizing the oral fastdisintegrating tablets (ODT) formulation for Jiawei Qing’e, a kind of prescription of Chinese herba...Abstract: Objective To apply the response surface-central composite design to developing and optimizing the oral fastdisintegrating tablets (ODT) formulation for Jiawei Qing’e, a kind of prescription of Chinese herbal medicine.Methods The bitterness of Jiawei Qing’e was masked using Eudragit E-100 by solvent evaporation technique.Response surface approach was applied to investigating the interaction of formulation parameters in optimizing theformulation. The independent variables were Eudragit E-100/drug ratio (X1), amount of disintegrants (X2), and theamount of diluents (X3). The disintegration time (Y1), hardness (Y2), and weight variations of the tablets werecharacterized. Results The models predicted levels of X1= 4.63%, X2= 5.25%, and X3= 34.33%, for the optimalformulation having a hardness of 3.0 kg with the disintegration time of 30 s within experimental region. The observedresponse of Y1= 26.5 s and Y2= 3.14 kg reasonably agreed with the predicted response. Conclusion Responsesurface methodology shows the good predictability and reliability in optimizing the formulation. The optimized ODTof Jiawei Qing’e has acceptable taste, rapid disintegrating ability, and good mechanical strength.展开更多
Large spacecraft fall out of orbit and re-enter the atmosphere at the end of their lifetime,and they can break up into small debris upon re-entry.The spacecraft debris generated by the disintegration may lead to high ...Large spacecraft fall out of orbit and re-enter the atmosphere at the end of their lifetime,and they can break up into small debris upon re-entry.The spacecraft debris generated by the disintegration may lead to high risk when the surviving debris reaches the ground.One way to reduce the damage risk of spacecraft is to simulate the spacecraft disintegration process and accurately predict the falling area.Aerodynamics seriously affects the reentering process,especially in the continuous flow regime.Aerodynamic force and heat are the main factors leading to debris disintegration.High dynamic pressure leads to sharp changes in attitude and complex trajectories during debris fall.A numerical method based on an unstructured Cartesian grid was developed to simulate the disintegrating separation problem by coupling the Navier-Stokes equation and the six-degree-of-freedom trajectory equation.A method combining the numerical method for dynamic processes with numerical simulation based on a static aerodynamic/dynamic characteristic database was developed for forecasting the falling area.Spacecraft disintegrating separation from 60 km was simulated using the method,and the multibody aerodynamic interference and the separation trajectory were predicted.The falling process was forecast by a numerical simulation method based on the static aerodynamic database/dynamic characteristic database when the debris went out of the influence domain.This method has good forecasting efficiency while considering the aerodynamic interference,making it a valuable method for forecasting disintegrating separation and falling debris.展开更多
To develop a convenient food formulation for supplying antioxidants,hyaluronic acid(HA)-based orally dis-integrating film(ODF)containing vitamin C(Vit C)and catechin(CAT)with various molar ratios(Vit C:CAT,1:0,1:0.2,1...To develop a convenient food formulation for supplying antioxidants,hyaluronic acid(HA)-based orally dis-integrating film(ODF)containing vitamin C(Vit C)and catechin(CAT)with various molar ratios(Vit C:CAT,1:0,1:0.2,1:0.4,1:0.6,1:0.8 and 1:1.0,by name of CAT0,CAT0.2,CAT0.4,CAT0.6,CAT0.8 and CAT1.0,respec-tively)were prepared,and the physico-chemical,and sensory properties of the films were analyzed.In addition,the release properties of the Vit C and CAT in the films were also evaluated.In the results,there was no sig-nificant difference in the moisture content among the films,but the thickness significantly increased with the CAT amount.The water vapor permeability(WVP)started decreasing at CAT0.4.For texture,the addition of CAT decreased tensile strength,and showed inverse relationship with film thickness.Also higher the CAT content was,the more brittle and fragile the texture obtained film.The vitamin C content in the film significantly decreased as the CAT content increased,whereas the antioxidant effects continued to increase with CAT content.In a sensory evaluation,CAT0.2 was the most preferred,followed by CAT0 and CAT0.4,and for those samples containing over 0.6 M ratio CAT,the acceptability dramatically decreased.Based on the above results,the most suitable molar ratio of Vit C:CAT was 1:0.4.As a result of the analysis of the release pattern of the optimized ODF(CAT0.4),both Vit C and CAT exhibited rapid release of over 70%within 30 and 20 min,respectively,in all simulated body fluids.So the prepared ODF can be considered as a suitable delivery formulation for convenient and fast-acting antioxidant.展开更多
To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy in...To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy including solid wastes and a functional microorganism on aggregate size distribution and its stability in bauxite residue were investigated during a 365-d simulation experiment.The results showed that the combined amelioration effectively reduced the saline alkalinity of bauxite residue,and markedly changed the contents of aggregate-associated chemical binding agents.Desulfurization gypsum and maize straw-Penicillium oxalicum(P.oxalicum)differentiated the formation of aggregates within different sizes.Maize straw-P.oxalicum stimulated the formation of water-stable macroaggregates with more durable erosion resistance by the wet-sieving and laser dynamic diffraction analysis.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that exchangeable polyvalent metal ions,pyrophosphate extractable Fe oxide,and organic carbon exhibited positive correlations with aggregate stability during the 365-d incubation.The findings in this study may provide data support and engineering practical reference for ecological restoration in the disposal areas.展开更多
Loess slopes in cold and arid regions are susceptible to shallow soil degradation,which may trigger severe environmental problems related to soil erosion.To address this environmental challenge,this study selected a c...Loess slopes in cold and arid regions are susceptible to shallow soil degradation,which may trigger severe environmental problems related to soil erosion.To address this environmental challenge,this study selected a compound ecological curing agent composed of gellan gum and guar gum for stabilizing shallow loess slopes.Triaxial compression and disintegration tests were employed to comparatively analyze the effects of compound gum content,mass mix ratio,and curing age on the mechanical and disintegration properties of solidified loess.The curing mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the ecological protection effect was monitored for a 60-day period.The results indicate that gellan gum,guar gum,and the compound gum can enhance the mechanical and disintegration properties of loess,promote plant growth,and optimize the ecological environment.However,the combination of gellan gum and guar gum proves more effective than using either gellan gum or guar gum alone.Considering the effects on mechanical properties,disintegration performance,and material economy,the disintegration rate of loess decreases by 75.72%compared to plain loess when the compound glue content is 0.5%,the mixing ratio of gellan gum to guar gum is 3:7 and the curing age is 7 days.Meanwhile,the cohesion and internal friction angle increase by 118.06%and 10.97%,respectively.Moreover,the disintegration performance and mechanical properties of the samples first increase and then decrease with the increase in compound glue and the mix ratio and are basically stabilized after the curing age reaches 7d.展开更多
Cyclic wetting-drying alternation has a significant influence on the strength and structure of soils.It is prone to causing soil softening and disintegration,highlighting the importance to improve the soil's resis...Cyclic wetting-drying alternation has a significant influence on the strength and structure of soils.It is prone to causing soil softening and disintegration,highlighting the importance to improve the soil's resistance to disintegration.This paper utilizes a self-developed disintegration test apparatus to analyze the disintegration characteristics of improved red soil under wet-dry cycles,focusing on the disintegration amount and ratio.Furthermore,XRD(X-ray diffraction),SEM(scanning electron microscope),tensile test,and contact angle test are employed to investigate the anti-disintegration behaviors of the improved red soil.The results show that the disintegrating amount and ratio of undisturbed and improved red soil are distinctly different under wet-dry cycles.Linear,stepped,constant and concave but perfect"S"shapes of the disintegrating ratio are observed in the cyclic tests.Cement and lime strengthen the red soil primarily through hydration reaction.The drop experiment confirms that cement plays a crucial role in restraining the disintegration.When the ameliorant content is low,the correlation between pore parameters and disintegration duration of red soil follows the order:mean shape coefficient>fractal dimension>probability entropy>area probability distribution index.With a high ameliorant content,the correlation remains similar,with slightly higher correlation for probability entropy.Under wet-dry cycle conditions,sludge and kaolin can improve the soil through the bonding of clay particles.The improved water repellency greatly enhances the resistance to disintegration of the altered red soil.The research provides valuable insights for the practical application of soil.展开更多
Sulfur-free lignin(SFL),a byproduct of the corn ethanol industry,effectively improves soil strength;however,its inherent solubility limits saline soil treatment in dry-wet environments.To solve this problem,this paper...Sulfur-free lignin(SFL),a byproduct of the corn ethanol industry,effectively improves soil strength;however,its inherent solubility limits saline soil treatment in dry-wet environments.To solve this problem,this paper proposes the selection of a granular SFL(GSFL)with a relatively large particle size,but with its chemical properties retained,to replace the conventional powdered SFL(PSFL).Among the processes of water-induced erosion failure of earthen structures,disintegration is commonly deemed the primary cause.Therefore,the disintegration characteristics of both PSFL-and GSFL-modified soils with 0%,5%,7%,10%,and 12%dosages were tested under dry-wet conditions.Moreover,several physicochemical properties,including the particle size distribution,bound water content,pH value,cation exchange capacity,functional groups,and microstructure,were explored.The results revealed that the water stability of the GSFL-modified soils was greater than that of the PSFL-modified soils.All of the PSFL-modified soils and natural soil completely disintegrated at the first immersion stage,whereas the GSFL-modified soils resisted 7 dry-wet cycles,notably at the 10%dosage.Microscopic analysis revealed that the SFL particle size affected mainly the cementation strength and microstructural homogeneity.Both the GSFL and PSFL particles strengthened the intergranular cementation through ion exchange,electrostatic interactions,and reinforcement effects.However,the PSFL preferentially filled the intragranular pores,causing a nonuniform microstructural arrangement and ineffectively enhancing the disintegration resistance of the saline soil.This preliminary study suggests that the particle size of a soil modifier may affect certain properties of the modified soil,necessitating future focused research.展开更多
Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the ...Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the seepage properties of disintegrated dolomite within the strata.However,conventional experimental methods are time-consuming and expensive and may not be effective in investigating seepage characteristics due to the heterogeneity of disintegrated dolomite.In this study,pore network model(PNM)was established by the computerized tomography(CT)scanning technology to characterize the pores.Meanwhile,the seepage and coefficient of permeability under different inlet stress conditions based on the accurate pore model were realized by linking the commercial image processing software Avizo with the commercial multi-physics modeling package Comsol.The results show that the porosities of severely and completely disintegrated dolomites are 29.17% and 45.37%,respectively.The grade of pore development increases with disintegration grade,which facilitates seepage failure.Severely and completely disintegrated dolomites have the coefficients of permeability of 9.67×10^(-7) m/s and 1.61×10^(-6) m/s,respectively.Under conventional conditions,severely and completely disintegrated dolomites undergo seepage failure above a pressure difference of 6×10^(3) Pa and 5×10^(3) Pa,respectively.These results are consistent with both in situ water pressure tests in the borehole and laboratory tests with the constant-head method,demonstrating that CT scanning is an effective method for observing fractures and pores in disintegrated dolomite for seepage evaluation.展开更多
The rapid development of military technology has prompted different types of equipment to break the limits of operational domains and emerged through complex interactions to form a vast combat system of systems(CSoS),...The rapid development of military technology has prompted different types of equipment to break the limits of operational domains and emerged through complex interactions to form a vast combat system of systems(CSoS),which can be abstracted as a heterogeneous combat network(HCN).It is of great military significance to study the disintegration strategy of combat networks to achieve the breakdown of the enemy’s CSoS.To this end,this paper proposes an integrated framework called HCN disintegration based on double deep Q-learning(HCN-DDQL).Firstly,the enemy’s CSoS is abstracted as an HCN,and an evaluation index based on the capability and attack costs of nodes is proposed.Meanwhile,a mathematical optimization model for HCN disintegration is established.Secondly,the learning environment and double deep Q-network model of HCN-DDQL are established to train the HCN’s disintegration strategy.Then,based on the learned HCN-DDQL model,an algorithm for calculating the HCN’s optimal disintegration strategy under different states is proposed.Finally,a case study is used to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of HCNDDQL,and the results demonstrate that HCN-DDQL can disintegrate HCNs more effectively than baseline methods.展开更多
Although disintegrated dolomite,widely distributed across the globe,has conventionally been a focus of research in underground engineering,the issue of slope stability issues in disintegrated dolomite strata is gainin...Although disintegrated dolomite,widely distributed across the globe,has conventionally been a focus of research in underground engineering,the issue of slope stability issues in disintegrated dolomite strata is gaining increasing prominence.This is primarily due to their unique properties,including low strength and loose structure.Current methods for evaluating slope stability,such as basic quality(BQ)and slope stability probability classification(SSPC),do not adequately account for the poor integrity and structural fragmentation characteristic of disintegrated dolomite.To address this challenge,an analysis of the applicability of the limit equilibrium method(LEM),BQ,and SSPC methods was conducted on eight disintegrated dolomite slopes located in Baoshan,Southwest China.However,conflicting results were obtained.Therefore,this paper introduces a novel method,SMRDDS,to provide rapid and accurate assessment of disintegrated dolomite slope stability.This method incorporates parameters such as disintegrated grade,joint state,groundwater conditions,and excavation methods.The findings reveal that six slopes exhibit stability,while two are considered partially unstable.Notably,the proposed method demonstrates a closer match with the actual conditions and is more time-efficient compared with the BQ and SSPC methods.However,due to the limited research on disintegrated dolomite slopes,the results of the SMRDDS method tend to be conservative as a safety precaution.In conclusion,the SMRDDS method can quickly evaluate the current situation of disintegrated dolomite slopes in the field.This contributes significantly to disaster risk reduction for disintegrated dolomite slopes.展开更多
Identifying critical nodes or sets in large-scale networks is a fundamental scientific problem and one of the key research directions in the fields of data mining and network science when implementing network attacks,...Identifying critical nodes or sets in large-scale networks is a fundamental scientific problem and one of the key research directions in the fields of data mining and network science when implementing network attacks, defense, repair and control.Traditional methods usually begin from the centrality, node location or the impact on the largest connected component after node destruction, mainly based on the network structure.However, these algorithms do not consider network state changes.We applied a model that combines a random connectivity matrix and minimal low-dimensional structures to represent network connectivity.By using mean field theory and information entropy to calculate node activity,we calculated the overlap between the random parts and fixed low-dimensional parts to quantify the influence of node impact on network state changes and ranked them by importance.We applied this algorithm and the proposed importance algorithm to the overall analysis and stratified analysis of the C.elegans neural network.We observed a change in the critical entropy of the network state and by utilizing the proposed method we can calculate the nodes that indirectly affect muscle cells through neural layers.展开更多
文摘The oral disintegrating film(ODF)offers significant advantages such as superior patient compliance and rapid action onset as a form of solid drug delivery.However,the drug loading efficiency and dosage of the ODF currently available in the market are limited.To enhance the drug loading efficiency,with bacterial cellulose(BC)and hyaluronic acid(HA)as film-forming agents,glycerol(GL)as a plasticizer,and diprophylline(Dilor)as the model drug,a Dilor-ODF was prepared by a solvent casting method for the treatment of acute asthma-related diseases.The BC nano-network structure was utilized to augment the drug loading efficiency of the Dilor-ODF,while HA and GL were used to improve the elongation at break.The disintegration time,drug loading efficiency and drug releasing rate,and tensile properties of the Dilor-ODF were mainly evaluated.The results indicated that the Dilor-ODF exhibited a smooth surface with a uniform thickness and a maximum drug loading efficiency of(51.10±0.08)%.The time for complete disintegration and that for drug release in simulated oral saliva were less than 30 and 90 s,respectively,indicating the effect of rapid release.The tensile strength and elongation at break of the Dilor-ODF were(46.3±2.8)MPa and(1.9±0.2)%,respectively.The thermal decomposition temperature of the Dilor-ODF was higher than 200℃,satisfying subsequent processing demand.
文摘Ahn To develop a high resolution HPLC method for the determination of ondansetron in human plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in orally disintegrating tablets. Methods HPLC determination involved liquid-liquid extraction, separation on a CN column and ultraviolet detection at 310 ran with granisetron as an internal standard. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of ondansetron in orally disintegrating tablets by direct compression and conventional 8 mg tablets were evaluated and compared in 20 healthy human male volunteers after a single oral dose in a randomized cross-over study. Results The limit of quantification was 0.25 ng· mL^-1. The recovery was about 85 % or over for ondan setron and about 90% for internal standard. Linearity was good within the concentration range of 0.5 - 50 ng·mL^-1 with r^2 ranging from 0.997 1 to 0.999 9. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 1.78% to 2.38% and 3.88% -5.19%, respectively. Accuracies for spiked concentrations of 2.0, 10.0, and 30.0 ng·mL^-1 were 104.7% ±4.4%, 102.2% ± 1.1%, and99.51% ±2.34%, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters of AUCo-t, AUCo-∞ , Cmax, Tmax, and T1/2 were 230.2 ± 78.0 ng·h·L^-1 , 265.2± 101.5 ng·h·mL^-1, 35.67 ± 8.94 ng·mL^-l, 1.51 ±0.79 h, and 5.00± 1.41 h for orally disintegrating tablets, respectively. The analysis of variance did not show any significant difference between orally disintegrating tablets and conventional tablets, and 90% confidence intervals fell within the acceptable range for bioequivalence. Conclusion High resolution HPLC method has been set up and applied in pharmacokinetic evaluation of ondansetron in orally disintegrating tablets.
基金Higher Education Research Promotion-National Research Universities (HERP-NRU) for financial supporting under grant no. 2558A10862016
文摘Crude seed gum and their carboxymethyl derivatives from Tamarindus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were developed and characterized to apply as the pharmaceutical disintegrant in fast disintegrating Thai cordial tablet. The chemical structure of crude gum was chemically modified via carboxymethylation. Degree of substitution(DS) of carboxymethylated gums was determined. Carboxymethylated gums with minimum and maximum DS values were chosen for further application. IR absorption spectra of gum samples were observed to verify their chemical structure changes. In physical properties, the intrinsic viscosity and swelling property of all gum samples were evaluated. The results showed that carboxymethylated gums had higher intrinsic viscosity than those of crude gum. Moreover, they could swell and be soluble in cold water better than those of crude gums. In conclusion, the modified gums from both plants could provide higher hardness and be better used than that crude gums for fast disintegrating Thai cordial tablet. However, this is a preliminary assessment to expressing pharmaceutical application possibility of these gums as disintegrants, diluents and drug release controlling agents.
文摘Aim The aim of the present study was to prepare tablets which can rapidlydisintegrate in saliva, containing active ingredient in high dose (37.5% W/W). Methods Rapidlydisintegrating tablets containing rotundine were prepared by direct compression, wet granulation andmoulding, respectively . Different disintegrants and excipients were decided by single factor test.The typical disintegration time measurement and a new method of wetting time measuring wereintroduced for assessing rapidly disintegrating tablets. Results The tablets (80 mg) prepared bydirect compression have the crushing strength of 4.0 kg ?mm^(-2) and rapidly disintegratewithin 15 s in the saliva of healthy volunteers; the tablets prepared by wet granulation also havesufficient strength, a little longer but acceptable disintegration time (within 25 s in saliva) ;and the tablets obtained by moulding show disintegration within 40 s in saliva but low strength (2kg·mm^(-2)) . Disintegration time profiles of tablets are similar to those of wetting time, and thedisintegration and wetting times in vitro are similar to the disintegration time in vivo, thelatter having higher correlation with that in oral cavity. Conclusion The rapidly disintegratingtablets can be prepared by using these three techniques and excipients. Both in vitro disintegrationtime and wetting time are necessary indexes for judgment of in vitro disintegration profile.
基金financially supported by the Universityof Macao Research Grant (MYRG2016-00038-ICMS-QRCM &MYRG2016-00040-ICMS-QRCM)Macao Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) (Grant No. 103/2015/A3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61562011 )
文摘Oral disintegrating tablets(ODTs) are a novel dosage form that can be dissolved on thetongue within 3 min or less especially for geriatric and pediatric patients. Current ODT for-mulation studies usually rely on the personal experience of pharmaceutical experts andtrial-and-error in the laboratory, which is inefficient and time-consuming. The aim of cur-rent research was to establish the prediction model of ODT formulations with direct com-pression process by artificial neural network(ANN) and deep neural network(DNN) tech-niques. 145 formulation data were extracted from Web of Science. All datasets were dividedinto three parts: training set(105 data), validation set(20) and testing set(20). ANN andDNN were compared for the prediction of the disintegrating time. The accuracy of the ANNmodel have reached 85.60%, 80.00% and 75.00% on the training set, validation set and testingset respectively, whereas that of the DNN model were 85.60%, 85.00% and 80.00%, respec-tively. Compared with the ANN, DNN showed the better prediction for ODT formulations.It is the first time that deep neural network with the improved dataset selection algorithmis applied to formulation prediction on small data. The proposed predictive approach couldevaluate the critical parameters about quality control of formulation, and guide researchand process development. The implementation of this prediction model could effectivelyreduce drug product development timeline and material usage, and proactively facilitatethe development of a robust drug product.
文摘AIM: To compare rabeprazole (RPZ; 10 mg) with Lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablets (LPZ; 30 mg OD) in terms of antisecretory activity and blood drug concentration after a single dose. METHODS: Eight H pylori-negative cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 extensive metabolizers were assigned to receive a single oral dose of RPZ 10 mg or LPZ 30 mg OD. Twelve hour intragastric pH monitoring was perform- ed on the day of treatment. Blood samples were also collected after the administration of each drug. RESULTS: LPZ 30 mg OD induced a significantly earlier rise in blood drug concentration than RPZ 10 mg; consequently, LPZ 30 mg OD induced a significantly earlier rise in median pH in the third and fourth hours of the study. CONCLUSION: In H pylori-negative CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers, LPZ 30 mg OD induced a significantly faster inhibition of gastric acid secretion than RPZ 10 mg.
文摘The aim of this study was to prepare diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH)-loaded orally fast-disintegrating mini-tablets (OFDMTs) containing either L-aspartic acid (Asp) or L-glutamic acid (Glu) as bitterness-suppressant, to characterize the prepared tablets and to evaluate their bitterness under conditions mimicking those of the oral cavity. The preparation of five formulation batches of the OFDMTs involved mixing DPH, with or without two different concentrations of Asp or Glu, and a premix containing a disintegrating agent. When all ingredients were well mixed, the mixture was directly compacted to form small (4 mm diameter) DPH-loaded OFDMTs. There were only small differences between the tablets with respect to mass, diameter, width and hardness. The disintegration times of the five formulation batches of DPH-loaded OFDMTs were measured using the OD-mate, a disintegration test apparatus in which conditions resemble those of the oral cavity. The disintegration times were all within 10 s of exposure to a medium representing the inside of the oral cavity. Rapid release profiles were observed for DPH, Asp and Glu in these dissolution tests. The taste sensor outputs of samples taken at different times (5 - 30 s) from the dissolution test solutions of the four DPH-loaded OFDMTs containing Asp or Glu were significantly inhibited compared with those of control DPH-loaded OFDMT. These results suggest that the inclusion of Asp or Glu in DPH-loaded OFDMTs is sufficient to mask bitterness in the oral cavity for the first 30 s after the tablet is placed in the mouth. It is anticipated that swallowing will have taken place within 30 s.
文摘Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics and relative biological availability of Paracetatool orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods In a random two periods crossover study, 19 healthy male Chinses volunteers received a single dose of Paracetamol 500mg of two formularies respectively. The plasma concentration of paracetamol was determined by HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two preparation and the relative biological availability of Paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets were caculated with statistical analysis. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets were （ 31436. 70 ± 7062. 80 μg · h^ -1· L^-1 and （29871.40 ± 7965.04） μg · h^ -1· L^-1 for AUC0-1 （33295. 7 ±7663. 10） μg · h^ -1· L^-1 and（31845. 20 ± 8830. 83 ） μg · h^ -1· L^-1 forAUC0-1（9. 71 ±2. 78） μg/ml and（10. 36 ±3. 86） μg/mlfor Cmax; （0. 82 ±0. 45）h and （0. 74± 0.67）hforTmax;（2.90±0. 42）h and （3. 13 ±0. 67）h for T1/2ke;（0.24 ±0.04） and （0.23 ±0.04） for Ke; （4. 1481±0. 4492 ） and （4. 0771 ±0. 8131 ） for mean residence time （ MRT） , respectively. Variance analysis showed that there was significant difference in AUC0-12 and Cmax between the two preparations. Conclusion The paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets and general tablets are bioequivalent and the relative biological availability of Paracetamol orally disintegrating tablets is （ 108 ± 19） %.
文摘Extract disintegrating tablets were prepared by acid-base separate granulation and tablet pressing method with extract as main raw material. Using sensory score as evaluation index, the effects of the amount of extractum, acid-base ratio of disintegrating agent (citric acid and sodium bicarbonate) and sweetener (aspartame) on disintegrating tablets were investigated by single factor test. The preparation process of disintegrating tablets was optimized by orthogonal test, and the quality of the products was evaluated. The results showed that the best formula of extract disintegrating tablet was: extract 18%, citric acid 30%, sodium bicarbonate 25%, aspartame 1.3%, 0.5% magnesium stearate, soluble lactose 25.2%. The disintegrating tablets prepared under the optimal formula have smooth appearance, clear color and no impurities, and have the unique flavor of traditional Chinese medicine. The product quality is as follows: sensory evaluation 92 points, average tablet weight 1.50 g, hardness 60.33 N, friability < 1%, average disintegration time 221s, PH5.72.
基金Major Projects of National Science and Technology on"New Drug Creation and Development"(2012ZX09103201-0462012ZX09101212)
文摘Abstract: Objective To apply the response surface-central composite design to developing and optimizing the oral fastdisintegrating tablets (ODT) formulation for Jiawei Qing’e, a kind of prescription of Chinese herbal medicine.Methods The bitterness of Jiawei Qing’e was masked using Eudragit E-100 by solvent evaporation technique.Response surface approach was applied to investigating the interaction of formulation parameters in optimizing theformulation. The independent variables were Eudragit E-100/drug ratio (X1), amount of disintegrants (X2), and theamount of diluents (X3). The disintegration time (Y1), hardness (Y2), and weight variations of the tablets werecharacterized. Results The models predicted levels of X1= 4.63%, X2= 5.25%, and X3= 34.33%, for the optimalformulation having a hardness of 3.0 kg with the disintegration time of 30 s within experimental region. The observedresponse of Y1= 26.5 s and Y2= 3.14 kg reasonably agreed with the predicted response. Conclusion Responsesurface methodology shows the good predictability and reliability in optimizing the formulation. The optimized ODTof Jiawei Qing’e has acceptable taste, rapid disintegrating ability, and good mechanical strength.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos.2014CB744100,2022JCJQZD20600the Project of Manned Space Engineering Technology(Grant No.ZS2020103001).
文摘Large spacecraft fall out of orbit and re-enter the atmosphere at the end of their lifetime,and they can break up into small debris upon re-entry.The spacecraft debris generated by the disintegration may lead to high risk when the surviving debris reaches the ground.One way to reduce the damage risk of spacecraft is to simulate the spacecraft disintegration process and accurately predict the falling area.Aerodynamics seriously affects the reentering process,especially in the continuous flow regime.Aerodynamic force and heat are the main factors leading to debris disintegration.High dynamic pressure leads to sharp changes in attitude and complex trajectories during debris fall.A numerical method based on an unstructured Cartesian grid was developed to simulate the disintegrating separation problem by coupling the Navier-Stokes equation and the six-degree-of-freedom trajectory equation.A method combining the numerical method for dynamic processes with numerical simulation based on a static aerodynamic/dynamic characteristic database was developed for forecasting the falling area.Spacecraft disintegrating separation from 60 km was simulated using the method,and the multibody aerodynamic interference and the separation trajectory were predicted.The falling process was forecast by a numerical simulation method based on the static aerodynamic database/dynamic characteristic database when the debris went out of the influence domain.This method has good forecasting efficiency while considering the aerodynamic interference,making it a valuable method for forecasting disintegrating separation and falling debris.
基金supported by 2021-2022 Sangmyung University research grant.
文摘To develop a convenient food formulation for supplying antioxidants,hyaluronic acid(HA)-based orally dis-integrating film(ODF)containing vitamin C(Vit C)and catechin(CAT)with various molar ratios(Vit C:CAT,1:0,1:0.2,1:0.4,1:0.6,1:0.8 and 1:1.0,by name of CAT0,CAT0.2,CAT0.4,CAT0.6,CAT0.8 and CAT1.0,respec-tively)were prepared,and the physico-chemical,and sensory properties of the films were analyzed.In addition,the release properties of the Vit C and CAT in the films were also evaluated.In the results,there was no sig-nificant difference in the moisture content among the films,but the thickness significantly increased with the CAT amount.The water vapor permeability(WVP)started decreasing at CAT0.4.For texture,the addition of CAT decreased tensile strength,and showed inverse relationship with film thickness.Also higher the CAT content was,the more brittle and fragile the texture obtained film.The vitamin C content in the film significantly decreased as the CAT content increased,whereas the antioxidant effects continued to increase with CAT content.In a sensory evaluation,CAT0.2 was the most preferred,followed by CAT0 and CAT0.4,and for those samples containing over 0.6 M ratio CAT,the acceptability dramatically decreased.Based on the above results,the most suitable molar ratio of Vit C:CAT was 1:0.4.As a result of the analysis of the release pattern of the optimized ODF(CAT0.4),both Vit C and CAT exhibited rapid release of over 70%within 30 and 20 min,respectively,in all simulated body fluids.So the prepared ODF can be considered as a suitable delivery formulation for convenient and fast-acting antioxidant.
基金Projects(42177391,42477437)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024RC3041)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023CXQD064)supported by the Innovation-Driven Research Programme of Central South University,ChinaProject(242102321124)supported by the Henan Provincal Science and Technology Research Project,China。
文摘To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy including solid wastes and a functional microorganism on aggregate size distribution and its stability in bauxite residue were investigated during a 365-d simulation experiment.The results showed that the combined amelioration effectively reduced the saline alkalinity of bauxite residue,and markedly changed the contents of aggregate-associated chemical binding agents.Desulfurization gypsum and maize straw-Penicillium oxalicum(P.oxalicum)differentiated the formation of aggregates within different sizes.Maize straw-P.oxalicum stimulated the formation of water-stable macroaggregates with more durable erosion resistance by the wet-sieving and laser dynamic diffraction analysis.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that exchangeable polyvalent metal ions,pyrophosphate extractable Fe oxide,and organic carbon exhibited positive correlations with aggregate stability during the 365-d incubation.The findings in this study may provide data support and engineering practical reference for ecological restoration in the disposal areas.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2023JQ03,2023QN05014)the Youth Science and Technology Talents Project of Autonomous Region Colleges and Universities(NJYT22108)。
文摘Loess slopes in cold and arid regions are susceptible to shallow soil degradation,which may trigger severe environmental problems related to soil erosion.To address this environmental challenge,this study selected a compound ecological curing agent composed of gellan gum and guar gum for stabilizing shallow loess slopes.Triaxial compression and disintegration tests were employed to comparatively analyze the effects of compound gum content,mass mix ratio,and curing age on the mechanical and disintegration properties of solidified loess.The curing mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the ecological protection effect was monitored for a 60-day period.The results indicate that gellan gum,guar gum,and the compound gum can enhance the mechanical and disintegration properties of loess,promote plant growth,and optimize the ecological environment.However,the combination of gellan gum and guar gum proves more effective than using either gellan gum or guar gum alone.Considering the effects on mechanical properties,disintegration performance,and material economy,the disintegration rate of loess decreases by 75.72%compared to plain loess when the compound glue content is 0.5%,the mixing ratio of gellan gum to guar gum is 3:7 and the curing age is 7 days.Meanwhile,the cohesion and internal friction angle increase by 118.06%and 10.97%,respectively.Moreover,the disintegration performance and mechanical properties of the samples first increase and then decrease with the increase in compound glue and the mix ratio and are basically stabilized after the curing age reaches 7d.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42102303)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.202401CF070174)the Xingdian Talent Support Program(Grant No.C619300A130).
文摘Cyclic wetting-drying alternation has a significant influence on the strength and structure of soils.It is prone to causing soil softening and disintegration,highlighting the importance to improve the soil's resistance to disintegration.This paper utilizes a self-developed disintegration test apparatus to analyze the disintegration characteristics of improved red soil under wet-dry cycles,focusing on the disintegration amount and ratio.Furthermore,XRD(X-ray diffraction),SEM(scanning electron microscope),tensile test,and contact angle test are employed to investigate the anti-disintegration behaviors of the improved red soil.The results show that the disintegrating amount and ratio of undisturbed and improved red soil are distinctly different under wet-dry cycles.Linear,stepped,constant and concave but perfect"S"shapes of the disintegrating ratio are observed in the cyclic tests.Cement and lime strengthen the red soil primarily through hydration reaction.The drop experiment confirms that cement plays a crucial role in restraining the disintegration.When the ameliorant content is low,the correlation between pore parameters and disintegration duration of red soil follows the order:mean shape coefficient>fractal dimension>probability entropy>area probability distribution index.With a high ameliorant content,the correlation remains similar,with slightly higher correlation for probability entropy.Under wet-dry cycle conditions,sludge and kaolin can improve the soil through the bonding of clay particles.The improved water repellency greatly enhances the resistance to disintegration of the altered red soil.The research provides valuable insights for the practical application of soil.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42330708 and 42302329).
文摘Sulfur-free lignin(SFL),a byproduct of the corn ethanol industry,effectively improves soil strength;however,its inherent solubility limits saline soil treatment in dry-wet environments.To solve this problem,this paper proposes the selection of a granular SFL(GSFL)with a relatively large particle size,but with its chemical properties retained,to replace the conventional powdered SFL(PSFL).Among the processes of water-induced erosion failure of earthen structures,disintegration is commonly deemed the primary cause.Therefore,the disintegration characteristics of both PSFL-and GSFL-modified soils with 0%,5%,7%,10%,and 12%dosages were tested under dry-wet conditions.Moreover,several physicochemical properties,including the particle size distribution,bound water content,pH value,cation exchange capacity,functional groups,and microstructure,were explored.The results revealed that the water stability of the GSFL-modified soils was greater than that of the PSFL-modified soils.All of the PSFL-modified soils and natural soil completely disintegrated at the first immersion stage,whereas the GSFL-modified soils resisted 7 dry-wet cycles,notably at the 10%dosage.Microscopic analysis revealed that the SFL particle size affected mainly the cementation strength and microstructural homogeneity.Both the GSFL and PSFL particles strengthened the intergranular cementation through ion exchange,electrostatic interactions,and reinforcement effects.However,the PSFL preferentially filled the intragranular pores,causing a nonuniform microstructural arrangement and ineffectively enhancing the disintegration resistance of the saline soil.This preliminary study suggests that the particle size of a soil modifier may affect certain properties of the modified soil,necessitating future focused research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42162026)the Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.202401AT070328)the Young Talents Project of“Xingdian Talent Support Program"in Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.YNWR-QNBJ-2020-019).
文摘Disintegrated dolomite slope and tunnel disasters occur frequently due to poor water stability of disintegrated dolomite,primarily in a form of seepage failure.For engineering purposes,it is critical to determine the seepage properties of disintegrated dolomite within the strata.However,conventional experimental methods are time-consuming and expensive and may not be effective in investigating seepage characteristics due to the heterogeneity of disintegrated dolomite.In this study,pore network model(PNM)was established by the computerized tomography(CT)scanning technology to characterize the pores.Meanwhile,the seepage and coefficient of permeability under different inlet stress conditions based on the accurate pore model were realized by linking the commercial image processing software Avizo with the commercial multi-physics modeling package Comsol.The results show that the porosities of severely and completely disintegrated dolomites are 29.17% and 45.37%,respectively.The grade of pore development increases with disintegration grade,which facilitates seepage failure.Severely and completely disintegrated dolomites have the coefficients of permeability of 9.67×10^(-7) m/s and 1.61×10^(-6) m/s,respectively.Under conventional conditions,severely and completely disintegrated dolomites undergo seepage failure above a pressure difference of 6×10^(3) Pa and 5×10^(3) Pa,respectively.These results are consistent with both in situ water pressure tests in the borehole and laboratory tests with the constant-head method,demonstrating that CT scanning is an effective method for observing fractures and pores in disintegrated dolomite for seepage evaluation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7200120972231011+2 种基金72071206)the Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province(2020RC4046)the Science Foundation for Outstanding Youth Scholars of Hunan Province(2022JJ20047).
文摘The rapid development of military technology has prompted different types of equipment to break the limits of operational domains and emerged through complex interactions to form a vast combat system of systems(CSoS),which can be abstracted as a heterogeneous combat network(HCN).It is of great military significance to study the disintegration strategy of combat networks to achieve the breakdown of the enemy’s CSoS.To this end,this paper proposes an integrated framework called HCN disintegration based on double deep Q-learning(HCN-DDQL).Firstly,the enemy’s CSoS is abstracted as an HCN,and an evaluation index based on the capability and attack costs of nodes is proposed.Meanwhile,a mathematical optimization model for HCN disintegration is established.Secondly,the learning environment and double deep Q-network model of HCN-DDQL are established to train the HCN’s disintegration strategy.Then,based on the learned HCN-DDQL model,an algorithm for calculating the HCN’s optimal disintegration strategy under different states is proposed.Finally,a case study is used to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of HCNDDQL,and the results demonstrate that HCN-DDQL can disintegrate HCNs more effectively than baseline methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42162026)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202201AT070083).
文摘Although disintegrated dolomite,widely distributed across the globe,has conventionally been a focus of research in underground engineering,the issue of slope stability issues in disintegrated dolomite strata is gaining increasing prominence.This is primarily due to their unique properties,including low strength and loose structure.Current methods for evaluating slope stability,such as basic quality(BQ)and slope stability probability classification(SSPC),do not adequately account for the poor integrity and structural fragmentation characteristic of disintegrated dolomite.To address this challenge,an analysis of the applicability of the limit equilibrium method(LEM),BQ,and SSPC methods was conducted on eight disintegrated dolomite slopes located in Baoshan,Southwest China.However,conflicting results were obtained.Therefore,this paper introduces a novel method,SMRDDS,to provide rapid and accurate assessment of disintegrated dolomite slope stability.This method incorporates parameters such as disintegrated grade,joint state,groundwater conditions,and excavation methods.The findings reveal that six slopes exhibit stability,while two are considered partially unstable.Notably,the proposed method demonstrates a closer match with the actual conditions and is more time-efficient compared with the BQ and SSPC methods.However,due to the limited research on disintegrated dolomite slopes,the results of the SMRDDS method tend to be conservative as a safety precaution.In conclusion,the SMRDDS method can quickly evaluate the current situation of disintegrated dolomite slopes in the field.This contributes significantly to disaster risk reduction for disintegrated dolomite slopes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.72071153 and 72231008)Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support Foundation (Grant No.6142003190102)the Natural Science Foundation of Shannxi Province (Grant No.2020JM486)。
文摘Identifying critical nodes or sets in large-scale networks is a fundamental scientific problem and one of the key research directions in the fields of data mining and network science when implementing network attacks, defense, repair and control.Traditional methods usually begin from the centrality, node location or the impact on the largest connected component after node destruction, mainly based on the network structure.However, these algorithms do not consider network state changes.We applied a model that combines a random connectivity matrix and minimal low-dimensional structures to represent network connectivity.By using mean field theory and information entropy to calculate node activity,we calculated the overlap between the random parts and fixed low-dimensional parts to quantify the influence of node impact on network state changes and ranked them by importance.We applied this algorithm and the proposed importance algorithm to the overall analysis and stratified analysis of the C.elegans neural network.We observed a change in the critical entropy of the network state and by utilizing the proposed method we can calculate the nodes that indirectly affect muscle cells through neural layers.
