Much recent research has sought to uncover the gender difference in neural mechanism of moral judgment;however, very few researches study the neural gender differences in a specific area of moral judgment. The aim of ...Much recent research has sought to uncover the gender difference in neural mechanism of moral judgment;however, very few researches study the neural gender differences in a specific area of moral judgment. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine possible gender difference in neural response to (sexual) disgusting pictures versus neutral pictures. Seventeen participants (9 males) were scanned while viewing pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex and being asked to evaluate whether the behaviors between the stimulus persons in the pictures were morally appropriate or not. Both the neural responses to pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex between male participants and female participants and the neural response to pictures of male-male tactile intimacy and to pictures of female-female tactile intimacy were examined. The results showed that significantly increased differential activations to the disgusting pictures relative to the neutral pictures were observed in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and amygdala. Furthermore, greater activation to the pictures of female-female tactile intimacy was observed in the left superior frontal gyrus/dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 6). These results suggested a possible neural gender difference between female’s immoral behavior and male’s immoral behavior.展开更多
Research has shown that dissatisfied couples in the relationship commonly exhibit facial expressions of contempt in interactions. At this point, based on the study of cognition and physiology, researchers were able to...Research has shown that dissatisfied couples in the relationship commonly exhibit facial expressions of contempt in interactions. At this point, based on the study of cognition and physiology, researchers were able to predict by longitudinal studies the probability of divorce in a marriage, with accuracy of up to 94%. Our objective was to investigate whether the occurrence of facial expressions of disgust and contempt in married women is associated with marital dissatisfaction. This is an experimental study that correlated, through filmed interviews, the frequency of facial expressions of disgust and disgust (Facial Action Coding System) to the Marital State’s Golombok Rust Inventory, in a sample composed of 20 women. Data analysis based on the Spearman Correlation Test showed a positive correlation between facial expressions of disgust and disdain and conjugal dissatisfaction (rs = 0.2198, p = 0.0280), corroborating the data in the literature.展开更多
Moral psychology holds that negative judgements on genetically modified organisms(GMOs) are likely to be intuitive reactions driven by trait disgust without deliberation, which brings difficulty to genetic science com...Moral psychology holds that negative judgements on genetically modified organisms(GMOs) are likely to be intuitive reactions driven by trait disgust without deliberation, which brings difficulty to genetic science communication. Based on two interrelated experiments examining the processes and conditions of individual and scenario features influencing disgust and moral judgement about GMOs, this study aims to identify the different routes through which disgust influences moral judgement about GMOs in the physical and social dimensions. We found that the process of elicited state disgust influencing moral judgement on GMOs is regulated by pathogen disgust sensitivity and moral disgust sensitivity. The difference in opposition to GMOs brought by preferences for precepts implied in moral theories is evidently subject to the joint effect of the disgust elicitation type and emotion reappraisal(ER). This study clarifies the relationship between disgust for GMOs and moral judgement. It also confirms the effectiveness of ER in promoting the transition of moral judgement on GMOs from intuitive reaction to deliberation, thus offering benefits for science communicators targeting audiences who differ in their preferences for precepts implied in moral theories and trait disgust.展开更多
目的分析并阐明结直肠癌患者造口厌恶的概念内涵,为医护人员识别和干预造口厌恶提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase、psycINFO和CINAH...目的分析并阐明结直肠癌患者造口厌恶的概念内涵,为医护人员识别和干预造口厌恶提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase、psycINFO和CINAHL数据库,根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献,并采用Walker and Avant概念分析法对造口厌恶的概念进行分析。结果共纳入造口厌恶相关文献51篇,归纳造口厌恶的概念,并确定其定义属性包括情绪体验、生理反应、行为回避和社交困扰4方面;前置因素包括暴露于厌恶刺激源、心理神经机制及个体其他因素,后果包括心理负担加重、生理功能下降、影响医疗决策及其他。结论造口厌恶的内涵复杂,受到多种因素的影响,可能会严重影响患者的生活质量。应构建更为科学的测量工具,准确识别和评估结直肠癌造口患者的造口厌恶水平,探索有效的干预措施,以减少造口厌恶对患者带来的不良影响。展开更多
文摘Much recent research has sought to uncover the gender difference in neural mechanism of moral judgment;however, very few researches study the neural gender differences in a specific area of moral judgment. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine possible gender difference in neural response to (sexual) disgusting pictures versus neutral pictures. Seventeen participants (9 males) were scanned while viewing pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex and being asked to evaluate whether the behaviors between the stimulus persons in the pictures were morally appropriate or not. Both the neural responses to pictures of tactile intimacy in same-sex between male participants and female participants and the neural response to pictures of male-male tactile intimacy and to pictures of female-female tactile intimacy were examined. The results showed that significantly increased differential activations to the disgusting pictures relative to the neutral pictures were observed in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and amygdala. Furthermore, greater activation to the pictures of female-female tactile intimacy was observed in the left superior frontal gyrus/dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (BA 6). These results suggested a possible neural gender difference between female’s immoral behavior and male’s immoral behavior.
文摘Research has shown that dissatisfied couples in the relationship commonly exhibit facial expressions of contempt in interactions. At this point, based on the study of cognition and physiology, researchers were able to predict by longitudinal studies the probability of divorce in a marriage, with accuracy of up to 94%. Our objective was to investigate whether the occurrence of facial expressions of disgust and contempt in married women is associated with marital dissatisfaction. This is an experimental study that correlated, through filmed interviews, the frequency of facial expressions of disgust and disgust (Facial Action Coding System) to the Marital State’s Golombok Rust Inventory, in a sample composed of 20 women. Data analysis based on the Spearman Correlation Test showed a positive correlation between facial expressions of disgust and disdain and conjugal dissatisfaction (rs = 0.2198, p = 0.0280), corroborating the data in the literature.
基金supported by the Science Popularization and Risk Communication of Transgenic Biotechnologies project (grant ID:2016ZX08015002)
文摘Moral psychology holds that negative judgements on genetically modified organisms(GMOs) are likely to be intuitive reactions driven by trait disgust without deliberation, which brings difficulty to genetic science communication. Based on two interrelated experiments examining the processes and conditions of individual and scenario features influencing disgust and moral judgement about GMOs, this study aims to identify the different routes through which disgust influences moral judgement about GMOs in the physical and social dimensions. We found that the process of elicited state disgust influencing moral judgement on GMOs is regulated by pathogen disgust sensitivity and moral disgust sensitivity. The difference in opposition to GMOs brought by preferences for precepts implied in moral theories is evidently subject to the joint effect of the disgust elicitation type and emotion reappraisal(ER). This study clarifies the relationship between disgust for GMOs and moral judgement. It also confirms the effectiveness of ER in promoting the transition of moral judgement on GMOs from intuitive reaction to deliberation, thus offering benefits for science communicators targeting audiences who differ in their preferences for precepts implied in moral theories and trait disgust.
文摘目的分析并阐明结直肠癌患者造口厌恶的概念内涵,为医护人员识别和干预造口厌恶提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase、psycINFO和CINAHL数据库,根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献,并采用Walker and Avant概念分析法对造口厌恶的概念进行分析。结果共纳入造口厌恶相关文献51篇,归纳造口厌恶的概念,并确定其定义属性包括情绪体验、生理反应、行为回避和社交困扰4方面;前置因素包括暴露于厌恶刺激源、心理神经机制及个体其他因素,后果包括心理负担加重、生理功能下降、影响医疗决策及其他。结论造口厌恶的内涵复杂,受到多种因素的影响,可能会严重影响患者的生活质量。应构建更为科学的测量工具,准确识别和评估结直肠癌造口患者的造口厌恶水平,探索有效的干预措施,以减少造口厌恶对患者带来的不良影响。
