INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)hav...INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)have rightlyraised concernsthat such action might be discriminatory.展开更多
Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMM...Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMMA content on their transparency and pulse shape discrimination(PSD)ability is investigated.The fabricated samples,comprising a polystyrene(PS)-PMMA matrix,30.0 wt%2,5-diphenyloxazole(PPO),and 0.2 wt%9,10-diphenylanthracene(DPA),exhibit high transparency with transmissivity ranging from 70.0 to 90.0%(above 415.0 nm)and demonstrate excellent n/γdiscrimination capability.Transparency increased with increasing PMMA content across the entire visible light spectrum.However,the PSD performance gradually deteriorated when the aromatic matrix was replaced with PMMA.The scintillator containing 20.0 wt%PMMA demonstrated the best stability concerning PSD properties and relative light yields.展开更多
Previous studies have found associations between color discrimination deficits and cognitive impairments besides aging.However,investigations into the microstructural pathology of brain white matter(WM)associated with...Previous studies have found associations between color discrimination deficits and cognitive impairments besides aging.However,investigations into the microstructural pathology of brain white matter(WM)associated with these deficits remain limited.This study aimed to examine the microstructural characteristics of WM in the non-demented population with abnormal color discrimination,utilizing Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging(NODDI),and to explore their correlations with cognitive functions and cognition-related plasma biomarkers.The tract-based spatial statistic analysis revealed significant differences in specific brain regions between the abnormal color discrimination group and the healthy controls,characterized by increased isotropic volume fraction and decreased neurite density index and orientation dispersion index.Further analysis of region-of-interest parameters revealed that the isotropic volume fraction in the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation,superior longitudinal fasciculus,cingulum,and forceps minor was significantly correlated with poorer performance on neuropsychological assessments and to varying degrees various cognition-related plasma biomarkers.These findings provide neuroimaging evidence that WM microstructural abnormalities in non-demented individuals with abnormal color discrimination are associated with cognitive dysfunction,potentially serving as early markers for cognitive decline.展开更多
Mineral identification and discrimination play a significant role in geological study.Intelligent mineral discrimination based on deep learning has the advantages of automation,low cost,less time consuming and low err...Mineral identification and discrimination play a significant role in geological study.Intelligent mineral discrimination based on deep learning has the advantages of automation,low cost,less time consuming and low error rate.In this article,characteristics of quartz,biotite and Kfeldspar from granite thin sections under cross-polarized light were studied for mineral images intelligent classification by Inception-v3 deep learning convolutional neural network(CNN),and transfer learning method.Dynamic images from multi-angles were employed to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility in the process of mineral discrimination.Test results show that the average discrimination accuracies of quartz,biotite and K-feldspar are 100.00%,96.88%and 90.63%.Results of this study prove the feasibility and reliability of the application of convolution neural network in mineral images classification.This study could have a significant impact in explorations of complicated mineral intelligent discrimination using deep learning methods and it will provide a new perspective for the development of more professional and practical mineral intelligent discrimination tools.展开更多
Background Three-dimensional(3D)shape representation using mesh data is essential in various applications,such as virtual reality and simulation technologies.Current methods for extracting features from mesh edges or ...Background Three-dimensional(3D)shape representation using mesh data is essential in various applications,such as virtual reality and simulation technologies.Current methods for extracting features from mesh edges or faces struggle with complex 3D models because edge-based approaches miss global contexts and face-based methods overlook variations in adjacent areas,which affects the overall precision.To address these issues,we propose the Feature Discrimination and Context Propagation Network(FDCPNet),which is a novel approach that synergistically integrates local and global features in mesh datasets.Methods FDCPNet is composed of two modules:(1)the Feature Discrimination Module,which employs an attention mechanism to enhance the identification of key local features,and(2)the Context Propagation Module,which enriches key local features by integrating global contextual information,thereby facilitating a more detailed and comprehensive representation of crucial areas within the mesh model.Results Experiments on popular datasets validated the effectiveness of FDCPNet,showing an improvement in the classification accuracy over the baseline MeshNet.Furthermore,even with reduced mesh face numbers and limited training data,FDCPNet achieved promising results,demonstrating its robustness in scenarios of variable complexity.展开更多
Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of ...Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of Zn O:Ga(GZO)in nuclear energy is particularly significant and fascinating at the fundamental level,enabling neutron/gamma discrimination while preserving the response time properties of the single crystal in sub-nanoseconds,maximizing the effective counting rate of the pulsed radiation field.In this study,the single-particle waveform discrimination characteristics of GZO were evaluated for five charged particles(α,β,H^(+),Li^(+),and O^(8+)and two prevalent uncharged particles(neutrons and gamma rays).Based on the timecorrelation single-photon counting(TCSPC)method,the luminescence decay time constants of the charged particles in the GZO crystal were determined as follows:1.21 ns for H^(+),1.50 ns for Li^(+),1.70 ns for O^(8+),1.56 ns forαparticles,and 1.09 ns forβparticles.Visible differences in the excitation time spectra curves were observed.Using the conventional time-domain or frequency-domain waveform discrimination techniques,waveform discrimination of 14.9 Me V neutrons and secondary gamma rays generated by the CPNG-6 device based on GZO scintillation was successfully implemented.The neutron signal constituted 77.93%of the total,indicating that GZO exhibited superior neutron/gamma discrimination sensitivity compared with that of a commercial stilbene crystal.Using the neutron/gamma screening outcomes,we reconstructed the voltage pulse height,charge height,and neutron multiplication time spectra of the pulsed neutron radiation field.The reconstructed neutron multiplication time spectrum exhibited a deviation of less than 3%relative to the result obtained using a commercial stilbene scintillator.This is the first report in the open literature on the neutron/gamma discrimination and reconstruction of Zn O pulsed radiation-field information.展开更多
This study discusses the challenges in logging the evaluation of low-resistivity oil reservoirs,especially the difficult problems involving their saturation calculation.A correction method for equivalent water conduct...This study discusses the challenges in logging the evaluation of low-resistivity oil reservoirs,especially the difficult problems involving their saturation calculation.A correction method for equivalent water conductivity is proposed,given the high conductivity caused by small amounts of water distributed in a network within the low-resistivity reservoir,which mimics the eff ects of high water saturation.This approach signifi cantly improves the accuracy of hydrocarbon saturation calculations in these low-resistivity reservoirs.The corrected hydrocarbon saturation values highly matched the porosity and are consistent with experimental results.This study also establishes a discrimination process to determine whether corrections are required,verifying the eff ectiveness and accuracy of the method through an application example.展开更多
To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of plant genetic marker fingerprinting for variety discrimination,it is desirable to identify the optimal marker combinations.We describe a marker combination screening m...To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of plant genetic marker fingerprinting for variety discrimination,it is desirable to identify the optimal marker combinations.We describe a marker combination screening model based on the genetic algorithm(GA)and implemented in a software tool,Loci Scan.Ratio-based variety discrimination power provided the largest optimization space among multiple fitness functions.Among GA parameters,an increase in population size and generation number enlarged optimization depth but also calculation workload.Exhaustive algorithm afforded the same optimization depth as GA but vastly increased calculation time.In comparison with two other software tools,Loci Scan accommodated missing data,reduced calculation time,and offered more fitness functions.In large datasets,the sample size of training data exerted the strongest influence on calculation time,whereas the marker size of training data showed no effect,and target marker number had limited effect on analysis speed.展开更多
The objective of this study is to investigate themethods for soil liquefaction discrimination. Typically, predicting soilliquefaction potential involves conducting the standard penetration test (SPT), which requires f...The objective of this study is to investigate themethods for soil liquefaction discrimination. Typically, predicting soilliquefaction potential involves conducting the standard penetration test (SPT), which requires field testing and canbe time-consuming and labor-intensive. In contrast, the cone penetration test (CPT) provides a more convenientmethod and offers detailed and continuous information about soil layers. In this study, the feature matrix based onCPT data is proposed to predict the standard penetration test blow count N. The featurematrix comprises the CPTcharacteristic parameters at specific depths, such as tip resistance qc, sleeve resistance f s, and depth H. To fuse thefeatures on the matrix, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed for feature extraction. Additionally,Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to obtain the best combination of convolutional kernels and the number ofneurons. The study evaluated the robustness of the proposed model using multiple engineering field data sets.Results demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed conventional methods in predicting N values forvarious soil categories, including sandy silt, silty sand, and clayey silt. Finally, the proposed model was employedfor liquefaction discrimination. The liquefaction discrimination based on the predicted N values was comparedwith the measured N values, and the results showed that the discrimination results were in 75% agreement. Thestudy has important practical application value for foundation liquefaction engineering. Also, the novel methodadopted in this research provides new ideas and methods for research in related fields, which is of great academicsignificance.展开更多
The role that visual discriminative ability plays among giant pandas in social communication and individual discrimination has received less attention than olfactory and auditory modalities.Here,we used an eye-tracker...The role that visual discriminative ability plays among giant pandas in social communication and individual discrimination has received less attention than olfactory and auditory modalities.Here,we used an eye-tracker technology to investigate pupil fixation patterns for 8 captive male giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca.We paired images(N=26)of conspecifics against:1)sympatric predators(gray wolves and tigers),and non-threatening sympatric species(golden pheasant,golden snub-nosed monkey,takin,and red panda),2)conspecifics with atypical fur colora-tion(albino and brown),and 3)zookeepers/non-zookeepers wearing either work uniform or plain clothing.For each session,we tracked the pan-da's pupil movements and measured pupil first fixation point(FFP),fixation latency,total fixation count(TFC),and duration(TFD)of attention to each image.Overall,pandas exhibited similar attention(FFPs and TFCs)to images of predators and non-threatening sympatric species.Images of golden pheasant,snub-nosed monkey,and tiger received less attention(TFD)than images of conspecifics,whereas images of takin and red panda received more attention,suggesting a greater alertness to habitat or food competitors than to potential predators.Pandas'TFCs were greater for images of black-white conspecifics than for albino or brown phenotypes,implying that familiar color elicited more interest.Pandas reacted differently to images of men versus women.For images of women only,pandas gave more attention(TFC)to familiar combinations(uniformed zookeepers and plain-clothed non-zookeepers),consistent with the familiarity hypothesis.That pandas can use visual perception to discriminate intra-specifically and inter-specifically,including details of human appearance,has applications for panda conservation and captive husbandry.展开更多
Genome skimming has dramatically extended DNA barcoding from short DNA fragments to next generation barcodes in plants.However,conserved DNA barcoding markers,including complete plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DN...Genome skimming has dramatically extended DNA barcoding from short DNA fragments to next generation barcodes in plants.However,conserved DNA barcoding markers,including complete plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA(nrDNA)sequences,are inadequate for accurate species identification.Skmer,a recently proposed approach that estimates genetic distances among species based on unassembled genome skims,has been proposed to effectively improve species discrimination rate.In this study,we used Skmer to identify species based on genomic skims of 47 individuals representing 10 out of 13 species of Schima(Theaceae)from China.The unassembled reads identified six species,with a species identification rate of 60%,twice as high as previous efforts that used plastid genomes(27.27%).In addition,Skmer was able to identify Schima species with only 0.5sequencing depth,as six species were well-supported with unassembled data sizes as small as 0.5 Gb.These findings demonstrate the potential for Skmer approach in species identification,where nuclear genomic data plays a crucial role.For taxonomically difficult taxa such as Schima,which have diverged recently and have low levels of genetic variation,Skmer is a promising alternative to next generation barcodes.展开更多
Fast neutron flux measurements with high count rates and high time resolution have important applications in equipment such as tokamaks.In this study,real-time neutron and gamma discrimination was implemented on a sel...Fast neutron flux measurements with high count rates and high time resolution have important applications in equipment such as tokamaks.In this study,real-time neutron and gamma discrimination was implemented on a self-developed 500-Msps,12-bit digitizer,and the neutron and gamma spectra were calculated directly on an FPGA.A fast neutron flux measurement system with BC-501A and EJ-309 liquid scintillator detectors was developed and a fast neutron measurement experiment was successfully performed on the HL-2 M tokamak at the Southwestern Institute of Physics,China.The experimental results demonstrated that the system obtained the neutron and gamma spectra with a time accuracy of 1 ms.At count rates of up to 1 Mcps,the figure of merit was greater than 1.05 for energies between 50 keV and 2.8 MeV.展开更多
Extracting more information and saving quantum resources are two main aims for quantum measurements.However,the optimization of strategies for these two objectives varies when discriminating between quantum states |ψ...Extracting more information and saving quantum resources are two main aims for quantum measurements.However,the optimization of strategies for these two objectives varies when discriminating between quantum states |ψ_(0)> and |ψ_(1)> through multiple measurements.In this study,we introduce a novel state discrimination model that reveals the intricate relationship between the average error rate and average copy consumption.By integrating these two crucial metrics and minimizing their weighted sum for any given weight value,our research underscores the infeasibility of simultaneously minimizing these metrics through local measurements with one-way communication.Our findings present a compelling trade-off curve,highlighting the advantages of achieving a balance between error rate and copy consumption in quantum discrimination tasks,offering valuable insights into the optimization of quantum resources while ensuring the accuracy of quantum state discrimination.展开更多
Given the prominence and magnitude of airport incentive schemes,it is surprising that literature hitherto remains silent as to their effectiveness.In this paper,the relationship between airport incentive schemes and t...Given the prominence and magnitude of airport incentive schemes,it is surprising that literature hitherto remains silent as to their effectiveness.In this paper,the relationship between airport incentive schemes and the route development behavior of airlines is analyzed.Because of rare and often controversial findings in the extant literature regarding relevant influencing variables for attracting airlines at an airport,expert interviews are used as a complement to formulate testable hypotheses in this regard.A fixed effects regression model is used to test the hypotheses with a dataset that covers all seat capacity offered at the 22 largest German commercial airports in the week 46 from 2004 to 2011.It is found that incentives from primary choice,as well as secondary choice airports,have a significant influence on Low Cost Carriers.Furthermore,Low Cost Carriers,in general,do not leave any of both types of airports when the incentives cease.In the case of Network Carriers,no case is found where one joins a primary choice airport and receives an incentive.Insufficient data between Network Carriers and secondary choice airports in the time when incentives have ceased means that no statement can be given.展开更多
Four rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars 'IR72', 'Tesanai 2', 'Guichao 2' and 'IIyou 4480' were grown in two plastic house (15 m×3 m) with 35 μmol/mol and 60 μmol/mol CO 2 conc...Four rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars 'IR72', 'Tesanai 2', 'Guichao 2' and 'IIyou 4480' were grown in two plastic house (15 m×3 m) with 35 μmol/mol and 60 μmol/mol CO 2 concentration which was controlled by computer. As compared with rice at ambient 35 μmol/mol CO 2, the changes in photosynthetic rate at elevated CO 2 showed up_regulation ('IR72' and 'Tesanai 2'), stable (unchanged) in 'Guichao 2' and down_regulation type ('IIyou 4480'). Growth rate, panicle weight, integrated water use efficiency (WUE) calculated from Δ 13 C and the capacity of scavenging DPPH · (1,1_diphenyl_2_picrylhydrazyl) free radical were increased at elevated CO 2. An increment in total biomass was observed in three cultivars by elevated CO 2, with the exception of 'IIyou 4480'. Ratios of panicle weight/total biomass were altered to different extents in tested cultivars by elevated CO 2. When leaf segments were subjected to PEG osmotic stress, the electrolyte leakage rate from leaves grown at elevated CO 2 was less than that at 35 μmol/mol CO 2. Those intraspecific variations of rice imply a possibility for selecting cultivars with maximal productivity and high tolerance to stresses adapted to elevated CO 2 in the future.展开更多
Perceptual learning of orientation discrimination was investigated using cats. Two adult cats （Cat 1 and 2） were trained to monocularly discriminate between two static striped sinusoidal grates with 30° orienta...Perceptual learning of orientation discrimination was investigated using cats. Two adult cats （Cat 1 and 2） were trained to monocularly discriminate between two static striped sinusoidal grates with 30° orientation difference. After greater than 80% correct performance was reached, cats were then required to monocularly perform a discrimination between two grates with consecutively shifting orientation difference（2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, 12°, 16°, 20°, 24°, 30°） . The staircase method （two correct-down and one error-up） was applied throughout the training to track the threshold of orientation difference that cats could detect. The performance of detecting grates with varied orientation difference was measured respectively for beth trained and untrained eyes before and after training. Our results showed that the learning effect of discrimination for grates with a fixed orientation difference transferred completely from the trained eye to the untrained eye, whereas the inter-eye transfer for detecting °ates with gradually reducing orientation difference was almost nonegrates. The two opposite learning effects in the same subject strongly suggest that different information processing mechanisms might mediate the learning processes.展开更多
In this study,the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network(PCNN)was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray(n-γ)discrimination field.The experiments were conducted in two groups.In the first group,r...In this study,the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network(PCNN)was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray(n-γ)discrimination field.The experiments were conducted in two groups.In the first group,radiation pulse signals were pre-processed using a Fourier filter to reduce the original noise in the signals,whereas in the second group,the original noise was left untouched to simulate an extremely high-noise scenario.For each part,artificial Gaussian noise with different intensity levels was added to the signals prior to the discrimination process.In the aforementioned conditions,the performance of the PCNN was evaluated and compared with five other commonly used methods of n-γdiscrimination:(1)zero crossing,(2)charge comparison,(3)vector projection,(4)falling edge percentage slope,and(5)frequency gradient analysis.The experimental results showed that the PCNN method significantly outperforms other methods with outstanding FoM-value at all noise levels.Furthermore,the fluctuations in FoM-value of PCNN were significantly better than those obtained via other methods at most noise levels and only slightly worse than those obtained via the charge comparison and zerocrossing methods under extreme noise conditions.Additionally,the changing patterns and fluctuations of the FoMvalue were evaluated under different noise conditions.Hence,based on the results,the parameter selection strategy of the PCNN was presented.In conclusion,the PCNN method is suitable for use in high-noise application scenarios for n-γdiscrimination because of its stability and remarkable discrimination performance.It does not rely on strict parameter settings and can realize satisfactory performance over a wide parameter range.展开更多
Nuclear security usually requires the simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays.With the development of crystalline materials in recent years,Cs2LiLaBr6(CLLB)dual-readout detectors have attracted extensive att...Nuclear security usually requires the simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays.With the development of crystalline materials in recent years,Cs2LiLaBr6(CLLB)dual-readout detectors have attracted extensive attention from researchers,where real-time neutron/gamma pulse discrimination is the critical factor among detector performance parameters.This study investigated the discrimination performance of the charge comparison,amplitude comparison,time comparison,and pulse gradient_(m)ethods and the effects of a Sallen–Key filter on their performance.Experimental results show that the figure of merit(FOM)of all four methods is improved by proper filtering.Among them,the charge comparison method exhibits excellent noise resistance;moreover,it is the most_(s)uitable method of real-time discrimination for CLLB detectors.However,its discrimination performance depends on the parameters t_(s),t_(m),and t_(e).When t_(s)corresponds to the moment at which the pulse is at 10%of its peak value,t_(e)requires a delay of only 640–740 ns compared to t_(s),at which time the potentially optimal FOM of the charge comparison method at 3.1–3.3 MeV is greater than 1.46.The FOM obtained using the t_(m)value calculated by a proposed maximized discrimination difference model(MDDM)and the potentially optimal FOM differ by less than 3.9%,indicating that the model can provide good guidance for parameter selection in the charge comparison method.展开更多
This study proposes a ladder gradient method for neutron and gamma-ray discrimination.The proposed method exhibited state-of-the-art performance with low time consumption,which incorporates two parts:information extra...This study proposes a ladder gradient method for neutron and gamma-ray discrimination.The proposed method exhibited state-of-the-art performance with low time consumption,which incorporates two parts:information extraction and discrimination factor calculation.A quasi-continuous spiking cortical model was proposed to extract information from the radiation pulse signals,thus generating an ignition map corresponding to each pulse signal.The ignition map can be used to calculate the discrimination factor.A ladder gradient calculation was introduced to obtain a discrimination factor with low computational complexity.The proposed method was compared with five other discrimination methods to evaluate its robustness and efficacy.Furthermore,the filter adaptability of the pulse-coupled neural network and ladder gradient methods was investigated.Possible reasons for adapting the conditions with different discrimination methods and filters were analyzed.Experiments were conducted in 20 filtering situations with 11 types of filters to determine the most suitable filters for discrimination methods.The experimental results revealed that the three most adaptive filters of the pulse-coupled neural networks and ladder gradient methods are the wavelet,elliptic,and median filters and the elliptic,moving average,and wavelet filters,respectively.展开更多
Discrimination of different types of sulfur-containing species not only helps us to deeply understand how sulfur affects cellular signaling,but also contribute to the early diagnosis of diseases.However,the current in...Discrimination of different types of sulfur-containing species not only helps us to deeply understand how sulfur affects cellular signaling,but also contribute to the early diagnosis of diseases.However,the current investigation about sulfur-containing species discrimination is mainly concentrated in biothiols,which is relatively limited for practical application.Toward circumventing this limitation,herein,a convenient sensor array consisting of three kinds of Au NCs-Cu2+ for simultaneous and rapid identification of different types of sulfur-containing species is reported.Based on the fingerprint-like fluorescence responses generated by competitive binding between Au NCs-Cu2+ and different sulfurcontaining species,not only ten different types of sulfur-containing species separately but also their binary or ternary randomly selected mixtures can be well discriminated even in human urine and serum samples.It is worth noting that it only takes 2 min to obtain the best response signals for sulfurcontaining species discrimination.Most importantly,serums from cancer patients(such as liver cancer and breast cancer) and healthy people as well as sulfur-oxidizing bacteria(SOB) and sulfur-free bacteria can be both effectively and rapidly identified within 2 min,respectively,making it a promising approach for point-of-care disease diagnostic.展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)have rightlyraised concernsthat such action might be discriminatory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12027813)the fund of National Innovation Center of Radiation Application of China(Nos.KFZC2020020501,KFZC2021010101).
文摘Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMMA content on their transparency and pulse shape discrimination(PSD)ability is investigated.The fabricated samples,comprising a polystyrene(PS)-PMMA matrix,30.0 wt%2,5-diphenyloxazole(PPO),and 0.2 wt%9,10-diphenylanthracene(DPA),exhibit high transparency with transmissivity ranging from 70.0 to 90.0%(above 415.0 nm)and demonstrate excellent n/γdiscrimination capability.Transparency increased with increasing PMMA content across the entire visible light spectrum.However,the PSD performance gradually deteriorated when the aromatic matrix was replaced with PMMA.The scintillator containing 20.0 wt%PMMA demonstrated the best stability concerning PSD properties and relative light yields.
基金supported by the Joint Funds for Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province(2021Y9037)a National Clinical Key Special Subject of China(21281003).
文摘Previous studies have found associations between color discrimination deficits and cognitive impairments besides aging.However,investigations into the microstructural pathology of brain white matter(WM)associated with these deficits remain limited.This study aimed to examine the microstructural characteristics of WM in the non-demented population with abnormal color discrimination,utilizing Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging(NODDI),and to explore their correlations with cognitive functions and cognition-related plasma biomarkers.The tract-based spatial statistic analysis revealed significant differences in specific brain regions between the abnormal color discrimination group and the healthy controls,characterized by increased isotropic volume fraction and decreased neurite density index and orientation dispersion index.Further analysis of region-of-interest parameters revealed that the isotropic volume fraction in the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation,superior longitudinal fasciculus,cingulum,and forceps minor was significantly correlated with poorer performance on neuropsychological assessments and to varying degrees various cognition-related plasma biomarkers.These findings provide neuroimaging evidence that WM microstructural abnormalities in non-demented individuals with abnormal color discrimination are associated with cognitive dysfunction,potentially serving as early markers for cognitive decline.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41672082,42030809)。
文摘Mineral identification and discrimination play a significant role in geological study.Intelligent mineral discrimination based on deep learning has the advantages of automation,low cost,less time consuming and low error rate.In this article,characteristics of quartz,biotite and Kfeldspar from granite thin sections under cross-polarized light were studied for mineral images intelligent classification by Inception-v3 deep learning convolutional neural network(CNN),and transfer learning method.Dynamic images from multi-angles were employed to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility in the process of mineral discrimination.Test results show that the average discrimination accuracies of quartz,biotite and K-feldspar are 100.00%,96.88%and 90.63%.Results of this study prove the feasibility and reliability of the application of convolution neural network in mineral images classification.This study could have a significant impact in explorations of complicated mineral intelligent discrimination using deep learning methods and it will provide a new perspective for the development of more professional and practical mineral intelligent discrimination tools.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3803600).
文摘Background Three-dimensional(3D)shape representation using mesh data is essential in various applications,such as virtual reality and simulation technologies.Current methods for extracting features from mesh edges or faces struggle with complex 3D models because edge-based approaches miss global contexts and face-based methods overlook variations in adjacent areas,which affects the overall precision.To address these issues,we propose the Feature Discrimination and Context Propagation Network(FDCPNet),which is a novel approach that synergistically integrates local and global features in mesh datasets.Methods FDCPNet is composed of two modules:(1)the Feature Discrimination Module,which employs an attention mechanism to enhance the identification of key local features,and(2)the Context Propagation Module,which enriches key local features by integrating global contextual information,thereby facilitating a more detailed and comprehensive representation of crucial areas within the mesh model.Results Experiments on popular datasets validated the effectiveness of FDCPNet,showing an improvement in the classification accuracy over the baseline MeshNet.Furthermore,even with reduced mesh face numbers and limited training data,FDCPNet achieved promising results,demonstrating its robustness in scenarios of variable complexity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205370,62204198,12305205,and 12105230)Young Talents Promotion Program of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Association(No.20220514)。
文摘Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of Zn O:Ga(GZO)in nuclear energy is particularly significant and fascinating at the fundamental level,enabling neutron/gamma discrimination while preserving the response time properties of the single crystal in sub-nanoseconds,maximizing the effective counting rate of the pulsed radiation field.In this study,the single-particle waveform discrimination characteristics of GZO were evaluated for five charged particles(α,β,H^(+),Li^(+),and O^(8+)and two prevalent uncharged particles(neutrons and gamma rays).Based on the timecorrelation single-photon counting(TCSPC)method,the luminescence decay time constants of the charged particles in the GZO crystal were determined as follows:1.21 ns for H^(+),1.50 ns for Li^(+),1.70 ns for O^(8+),1.56 ns forαparticles,and 1.09 ns forβparticles.Visible differences in the excitation time spectra curves were observed.Using the conventional time-domain or frequency-domain waveform discrimination techniques,waveform discrimination of 14.9 Me V neutrons and secondary gamma rays generated by the CPNG-6 device based on GZO scintillation was successfully implemented.The neutron signal constituted 77.93%of the total,indicating that GZO exhibited superior neutron/gamma discrimination sensitivity compared with that of a commercial stilbene crystal.Using the neutron/gamma screening outcomes,we reconstructed the voltage pulse height,charge height,and neutron multiplication time spectra of the pulsed neutron radiation field.The reconstructed neutron multiplication time spectrum exhibited a deviation of less than 3%relative to the result obtained using a commercial stilbene scintillator.This is the first report in the open literature on the neutron/gamma discrimination and reconstruction of Zn O pulsed radiation-field information.
文摘This study discusses the challenges in logging the evaluation of low-resistivity oil reservoirs,especially the difficult problems involving their saturation calculation.A correction method for equivalent water conductivity is proposed,given the high conductivity caused by small amounts of water distributed in a network within the low-resistivity reservoir,which mimics the eff ects of high water saturation.This approach signifi cantly improves the accuracy of hydrocarbon saturation calculations in these low-resistivity reservoirs.The corrected hydrocarbon saturation values highly matched the porosity and are consistent with experimental results.This study also establishes a discrimination process to determine whether corrections are required,verifying the eff ectiveness and accuracy of the method through an application example.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030 Major Project(2022ZD04019)the Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building Project of BAAFS(KJCX20230303)+1 种基金Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2023XDNY077)the Beijing Scholars Program(BSP041)。
文摘To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of plant genetic marker fingerprinting for variety discrimination,it is desirable to identify the optimal marker combinations.We describe a marker combination screening model based on the genetic algorithm(GA)and implemented in a software tool,Loci Scan.Ratio-based variety discrimination power provided the largest optimization space among multiple fitness functions.Among GA parameters,an increase in population size and generation number enlarged optimization depth but also calculation workload.Exhaustive algorithm afforded the same optimization depth as GA but vastly increased calculation time.In comparison with two other software tools,Loci Scan accommodated missing data,reduced calculation time,and offered more fitness functions.In large datasets,the sample size of training data exerted the strongest influence on calculation time,whereas the marker size of training data showed no effect,and target marker number had limited effect on analysis speed.
基金the Center University(Grant No.B220202013)Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province(2022).
文摘The objective of this study is to investigate themethods for soil liquefaction discrimination. Typically, predicting soilliquefaction potential involves conducting the standard penetration test (SPT), which requires field testing and canbe time-consuming and labor-intensive. In contrast, the cone penetration test (CPT) provides a more convenientmethod and offers detailed and continuous information about soil layers. In this study, the feature matrix based onCPT data is proposed to predict the standard penetration test blow count N. The featurematrix comprises the CPTcharacteristic parameters at specific depths, such as tip resistance qc, sleeve resistance f s, and depth H. To fuse thefeatures on the matrix, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed for feature extraction. Additionally,Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to obtain the best combination of convolutional kernels and the number ofneurons. The study evaluated the robustness of the proposed model using multiple engineering field data sets.Results demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed conventional methods in predicting N values forvarious soil categories, including sandy silt, silty sand, and clayey silt. Finally, the proposed model was employedfor liquefaction discrimination. The liquefaction discrimination based on the predicted N values was comparedwith the measured N values, and the results showed that the discrimination results were in 75% agreement. Thestudy has important practical application value for foundation liquefaction engineering. Also, the novel methodadopted in this research provides new ideas and methods for research in related fields, which is of great academicsignificance.
基金supported by grants from International Collaborative Project on The Conservation for the Giant Panda(Grant#2017-127 G.Zhang and 2017-115 to D.Liu)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant#31772466).
文摘The role that visual discriminative ability plays among giant pandas in social communication and individual discrimination has received less attention than olfactory and auditory modalities.Here,we used an eye-tracker technology to investigate pupil fixation patterns for 8 captive male giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca.We paired images(N=26)of conspecifics against:1)sympatric predators(gray wolves and tigers),and non-threatening sympatric species(golden pheasant,golden snub-nosed monkey,takin,and red panda),2)conspecifics with atypical fur colora-tion(albino and brown),and 3)zookeepers/non-zookeepers wearing either work uniform or plain clothing.For each session,we tracked the pan-da's pupil movements and measured pupil first fixation point(FFP),fixation latency,total fixation count(TFC),and duration(TFD)of attention to each image.Overall,pandas exhibited similar attention(FFPs and TFCs)to images of predators and non-threatening sympatric species.Images of golden pheasant,snub-nosed monkey,and tiger received less attention(TFD)than images of conspecifics,whereas images of takin and red panda received more attention,suggesting a greater alertness to habitat or food competitors than to potential predators.Pandas'TFCs were greater for images of black-white conspecifics than for albino or brown phenotypes,implying that familiar color elicited more interest.Pandas reacted differently to images of men versus women.For images of women only,pandas gave more attention(TFC)to familiar combinations(uniformed zookeepers and plain-clothed non-zookeepers),consistent with the familiarity hypothesis.That pandas can use visual perception to discriminate intra-specifically and inter-specifically,including details of human appearance,has applications for panda conservation and captive husbandry.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070369)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS of China(No.2021393)+1 种基金the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program“Young Talent”Project,the Applied Fundamental Research Foundation of Yunnan Province(202301AT070308)the Fund of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology(YNPRAEC-2023006).
文摘Genome skimming has dramatically extended DNA barcoding from short DNA fragments to next generation barcodes in plants.However,conserved DNA barcoding markers,including complete plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA(nrDNA)sequences,are inadequate for accurate species identification.Skmer,a recently proposed approach that estimates genetic distances among species based on unassembled genome skims,has been proposed to effectively improve species discrimination rate.In this study,we used Skmer to identify species based on genomic skims of 47 individuals representing 10 out of 13 species of Schima(Theaceae)from China.The unassembled reads identified six species,with a species identification rate of 60%,twice as high as previous efforts that used plastid genomes(27.27%).In addition,Skmer was able to identify Schima species with only 0.5sequencing depth,as six species were well-supported with unassembled data sizes as small as 0.5 Gb.These findings demonstrate the potential for Skmer approach in species identification,where nuclear genomic data plays a crucial role.For taxonomically difficult taxa such as Schima,which have diverged recently and have low levels of genetic variation,Skmer is a promising alternative to next generation barcodes.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of China(No.2019YFE03020002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205085 and12125502)。
文摘Fast neutron flux measurements with high count rates and high time resolution have important applications in equipment such as tokamaks.In this study,real-time neutron and gamma discrimination was implemented on a self-developed 500-Msps,12-bit digitizer,and the neutron and gamma spectra were calculated directly on an FPGA.A fast neutron flux measurement system with BC-501A and EJ-309 liquid scintillator detectors was developed and a fast neutron measurement experiment was successfully performed on the HL-2 M tokamak at the Southwestern Institute of Physics,China.The experimental results demonstrated that the system obtained the neutron and gamma spectra with a time accuracy of 1 ms.At count rates of up to 1 Mcps,the figure of merit was greater than 1.05 for energies between 50 keV and 2.8 MeV.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2470000035)USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(YD2030002007,YD2030002011)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62222512,12104439,12134014,and 11974335)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2208085J03).
文摘Extracting more information and saving quantum resources are two main aims for quantum measurements.However,the optimization of strategies for these two objectives varies when discriminating between quantum states |ψ_(0)> and |ψ_(1)> through multiple measurements.In this study,we introduce a novel state discrimination model that reveals the intricate relationship between the average error rate and average copy consumption.By integrating these two crucial metrics and minimizing their weighted sum for any given weight value,our research underscores the infeasibility of simultaneously minimizing these metrics through local measurements with one-way communication.Our findings present a compelling trade-off curve,highlighting the advantages of achieving a balance between error rate and copy consumption in quantum discrimination tasks,offering valuable insights into the optimization of quantum resources while ensuring the accuracy of quantum state discrimination.
文摘Given the prominence and magnitude of airport incentive schemes,it is surprising that literature hitherto remains silent as to their effectiveness.In this paper,the relationship between airport incentive schemes and the route development behavior of airlines is analyzed.Because of rare and often controversial findings in the extant literature regarding relevant influencing variables for attracting airlines at an airport,expert interviews are used as a complement to formulate testable hypotheses in this regard.A fixed effects regression model is used to test the hypotheses with a dataset that covers all seat capacity offered at the 22 largest German commercial airports in the week 46 from 2004 to 2011.It is found that incentives from primary choice,as well as secondary choice airports,have a significant influence on Low Cost Carriers.Furthermore,Low Cost Carriers,in general,do not leave any of both types of airports when the incentives cease.In the case of Network Carriers,no case is found where one joins a primary choice airport and receives an incentive.Insufficient data between Network Carriers and secondary choice airports in the time when incentives have ceased means that no statement can be given.
文摘Four rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars 'IR72', 'Tesanai 2', 'Guichao 2' and 'IIyou 4480' were grown in two plastic house (15 m×3 m) with 35 μmol/mol and 60 μmol/mol CO 2 concentration which was controlled by computer. As compared with rice at ambient 35 μmol/mol CO 2, the changes in photosynthetic rate at elevated CO 2 showed up_regulation ('IR72' and 'Tesanai 2'), stable (unchanged) in 'Guichao 2' and down_regulation type ('IIyou 4480'). Growth rate, panicle weight, integrated water use efficiency (WUE) calculated from Δ 13 C and the capacity of scavenging DPPH · (1,1_diphenyl_2_picrylhydrazyl) free radical were increased at elevated CO 2. An increment in total biomass was observed in three cultivars by elevated CO 2, with the exception of 'IIyou 4480'. Ratios of panicle weight/total biomass were altered to different extents in tested cultivars by elevated CO 2. When leaf segments were subjected to PEG osmotic stress, the electrolyte leakage rate from leaves grown at elevated CO 2 was less than that at 35 μmol/mol CO 2. Those intraspecific variations of rice imply a possibility for selecting cultivars with maximal productivity and high tolerance to stresses adapted to elevated CO 2 in the future.
基金This work was supported by the Foundationfor Key Laboratories of Anhui Province andthe Initiating Fundfor Ph.D.in AnhuiNormal University
文摘Perceptual learning of orientation discrimination was investigated using cats. Two adult cats （Cat 1 and 2） were trained to monocularly discriminate between two static striped sinusoidal grates with 30° orientation difference. After greater than 80% correct performance was reached, cats were then required to monocularly perform a discrimination between two grates with consecutively shifting orientation difference（2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, 12°, 16°, 20°, 24°, 30°） . The staircase method （two correct-down and one error-up） was applied throughout the training to track the threshold of orientation difference that cats could detect. The performance of detecting grates with varied orientation difference was measured respectively for beth trained and untrained eyes before and after training. Our results showed that the learning effect of discrimination for grates with a fixed orientation difference transferred completely from the trained eye to the untrained eye, whereas the inter-eye transfer for detecting °ates with gradually reducing orientation difference was almost nonegrates. The two opposite learning effects in the same subject strongly suggest that different information processing mechanisms might mediate the learning processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.4210040255,U19A2086)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDRC0108)。
文摘In this study,the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network(PCNN)was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray(n-γ)discrimination field.The experiments were conducted in two groups.In the first group,radiation pulse signals were pre-processed using a Fourier filter to reduce the original noise in the signals,whereas in the second group,the original noise was left untouched to simulate an extremely high-noise scenario.For each part,artificial Gaussian noise with different intensity levels was added to the signals prior to the discrimination process.In the aforementioned conditions,the performance of the PCNN was evaluated and compared with five other commonly used methods of n-γdiscrimination:(1)zero crossing,(2)charge comparison,(3)vector projection,(4)falling edge percentage slope,and(5)frequency gradient analysis.The experimental results showed that the PCNN method significantly outperforms other methods with outstanding FoM-value at all noise levels.Furthermore,the fluctuations in FoM-value of PCNN were significantly better than those obtained via other methods at most noise levels and only slightly worse than those obtained via the charge comparison and zerocrossing methods under extreme noise conditions.Additionally,the changing patterns and fluctuations of the FoMvalue were evaluated under different noise conditions.Hence,based on the results,the parameter selection strategy of the PCNN was presented.In conclusion,the PCNN method is suitable for use in high-noise application scenarios for n-γdiscrimination because of its stability and remarkable discrimination performance.It does not rely on strict parameter settings and can realize satisfactory performance over a wide parameter range.
基金supported by cooperation projects between an enterprise(CNPE)and a research institute(ASIPP)(Y15HX16706).
文摘Nuclear security usually requires the simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays.With the development of crystalline materials in recent years,Cs2LiLaBr6(CLLB)dual-readout detectors have attracted extensive attention from researchers,where real-time neutron/gamma pulse discrimination is the critical factor among detector performance parameters.This study investigated the discrimination performance of the charge comparison,amplitude comparison,time comparison,and pulse gradient_(m)ethods and the effects of a Sallen–Key filter on their performance.Experimental results show that the figure of merit(FOM)of all four methods is improved by proper filtering.Among them,the charge comparison method exhibits excellent noise resistance;moreover,it is the most_(s)uitable method of real-time discrimination for CLLB detectors.However,its discrimination performance depends on the parameters t_(s),t_(m),and t_(e).When t_(s)corresponds to the moment at which the pulse is at 10%of its peak value,t_(e)requires a delay of only 640–740 ns compared to t_(s),at which time the potentially optimal FOM of the charge comparison method at 3.1–3.3 MeV is greater than 1.46.The FOM obtained using the t_(m)value calculated by a proposed maximized discrimination difference model(MDDM)and the potentially optimal FOM differ by less than 3.9%,indicating that the model can provide good guidance for parameter selection in the charge comparison method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U19A2086,41874121,12205078).
文摘This study proposes a ladder gradient method for neutron and gamma-ray discrimination.The proposed method exhibited state-of-the-art performance with low time consumption,which incorporates two parts:information extraction and discrimination factor calculation.A quasi-continuous spiking cortical model was proposed to extract information from the radiation pulse signals,thus generating an ignition map corresponding to each pulse signal.The ignition map can be used to calculate the discrimination factor.A ladder gradient calculation was introduced to obtain a discrimination factor with low computational complexity.The proposed method was compared with five other discrimination methods to evaluate its robustness and efficacy.Furthermore,the filter adaptability of the pulse-coupled neural network and ladder gradient methods was investigated.Possible reasons for adapting the conditions with different discrimination methods and filters were analyzed.Experiments were conducted in 20 filtering situations with 11 types of filters to determine the most suitable filters for discrimination methods.The experimental results revealed that the three most adaptive filters of the pulse-coupled neural networks and ladder gradient methods are the wavelet,elliptic,and median filters and the elliptic,moving average,and wavelet filters,respectively.
基金support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.21675093,21505081 and 21974075)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(No.ZR2019YQ13)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(No.2019KJC007)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,China(No.ts20110829)。
文摘Discrimination of different types of sulfur-containing species not only helps us to deeply understand how sulfur affects cellular signaling,but also contribute to the early diagnosis of diseases.However,the current investigation about sulfur-containing species discrimination is mainly concentrated in biothiols,which is relatively limited for practical application.Toward circumventing this limitation,herein,a convenient sensor array consisting of three kinds of Au NCs-Cu2+ for simultaneous and rapid identification of different types of sulfur-containing species is reported.Based on the fingerprint-like fluorescence responses generated by competitive binding between Au NCs-Cu2+ and different sulfurcontaining species,not only ten different types of sulfur-containing species separately but also their binary or ternary randomly selected mixtures can be well discriminated even in human urine and serum samples.It is worth noting that it only takes 2 min to obtain the best response signals for sulfurcontaining species discrimination.Most importantly,serums from cancer patients(such as liver cancer and breast cancer) and healthy people as well as sulfur-oxidizing bacteria(SOB) and sulfur-free bacteria can be both effectively and rapidly identified within 2 min,respectively,making it a promising approach for point-of-care disease diagnostic.
