To detect radioactive substances with low activity levels,an anticoincidence detector and a high-purity germanium(HPGe)detector are typically used simultaneously to suppress Compton scattering background,thereby resul...To detect radioactive substances with low activity levels,an anticoincidence detector and a high-purity germanium(HPGe)detector are typically used simultaneously to suppress Compton scattering background,thereby resulting in an extremely low detection limit and improving the measurement accuracy.However,the complex and expensive hardware required does not facilitate the application or promotion of this method.Thus,a method is proposed in this study to discriminate the digital waveform of pulse signals output using an HPGe detector,whereby Compton scattering background is suppressed and a low minimum detectable activity(MDA)is achieved without using an expensive and complex anticoincidence detector and device.The electric-field-strength and energy-deposition distributions of the detector are simulated to determine the relationship between pulse shape and energy-deposition location,as well as the characteristics of energy-deposition distributions for fulland partial-energy deposition events.This relationship is used to develop a pulse-shape-discrimination algorithm based on an artificial neural network for pulse-feature identification.To accurately determine the relationship between the deposited energy of gamma(γ)rays in the detector and the deposition location,we extract four shape parameters from the pulse signals output by the detector.Machine learning is used to input the four shape parameters into the detector.Subsequently,the pulse signals are identified and classified to discriminate between partial-and full-energy deposition events.Some partial-energy deposition events are removed to suppress Compton scattering.The proposed method effectively decreases the MDA of an HPGeγ-energy dispersive spectrometer.Test results show that the Compton suppression factors for energy spectra obtained from measurements on ^(152)Eu,^(137)Cs,and ^(60)Co radioactive sources are 1.13(344 keV),1.11(662 keV),and 1.08(1332 keV),respectively,and that the corresponding MDAs are 1.4%,5.3%,and 21.6%lower,respectively.展开更多
This paper studies a bounded discriminating domain for hybrid linear differential game with two players and two targets using viability theory. First of all, we prove that the convex hull of a closed set is also a dis...This paper studies a bounded discriminating domain for hybrid linear differential game with two players and two targets using viability theory. First of all, we prove that the convex hull of a closed set is also a discriminating domain if the set is a discriminating domain. Secondly, in order to determine that a bounded polyhedron is a discriminating domain, we give a result that it only needs to verify that the extreme points of the polyhedron meet the viability conditions. The difference between our result and the existing ones is that our result just needs to verify the finite points （extreme points） and the existing ones need to verify all points in the bounded polyhedron.展开更多
This thesis puts forward a conjecture that, owing to some unknown special character of light, it is impossible to determine whether the speed of light is variable by the interference method. To verify the hypothesis ...This thesis puts forward a conjecture that, owing to some unknown special character of light, it is impossible to determine whether the speed of light is variable by the interference method. To verify the hypothesis of the invariance of light speed, a new method must be found to take accurate measurement of the infinitesimal change in the travelling time of light. The thesis suggests the adoption of high frequency laser pulse technology to carry out the measurement. On the basis of this idea a new discriminating experiment is proposed to test the hypothesis of the invariance of light speed. The thesis also makes some forecast of the future prospects of this experiment and of the future development of the theory of special relativity.展开更多
The discriminating strength DS(ρAB) induced by local Gaussian unitary operators for any(n + m)-mode Gaussian state ρABis introduced in [Phys. Rev. A 83(2011) 042325]. In this paper, we further discuss the quantity b...The discriminating strength DS(ρAB) induced by local Gaussian unitary operators for any(n + m)-mode Gaussian state ρABis introduced in [Phys. Rev. A 83(2011) 042325]. In this paper, we further discuss the quantity by restricting to Hilbert-Schmidt norm. The analytic formulas of DS for two-mode squeezed thermal states and mixed thermal states are given. Then, the relationship between DS(ρAB) and DS((I ? Φ)(ρAB)) for some special Gaussian channels Φ is discussed. In addition, DS is compared with Gaussian entanglement for symmetric squeezed thermal states.展开更多
By summarizing the factor of the financial statement fraud in existing research outcome, the paper confirms the discriminating characteristic of the financial statement fraud and sets up a theoretic model to discrimin...By summarizing the factor of the financial statement fraud in existing research outcome, the paper confirms the discriminating characteristic of the financial statement fraud and sets up a theoretic model to discriminate the financial statement fraud. Using radial basis function neural network, regarding to the swatch that the listed company that is punished by the Securities Regulatory Commission or the Ministry of Finance, and according to the clustering elements, validating across by set one aside, the paper verifies respectively the 22 characteristics and 31 characteristics of discriminating model. According to the clustering elements, validating across by set one aside, the paper verifies respectively the 31 characteristics and 8 characteristics selected by Fisher-ratio of discriminating model. The research outcome indicates the discriminating ability of the model including 8 characteristics is better elevated than the traditional model including 31 characteristics by comparing the disciplinary error and the forecast precision.展开更多
The discrimination against nutritional fat emulsion injections was considered by imaging tools,which aims to elucidate the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions.In this study,20%nutritional fat emulsion injections were s...The discrimination against nutritional fat emulsion injections was considered by imaging tools,which aims to elucidate the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions.In this study,20%nutritional fat emulsion injections were selected from different company including original and generic products.Meanwhile,a water quenching fluorescent probe(P2)was used to label them by an incubation method.The fluorescent intensity analysis of blood-borne fluorescence reveals rapid clearance of nanoemulsion in all groups,which shows'L'-type blood kinetic profiles.However,these kinetic parameters do not have significant difference.Following intravenous administration,the nanoemulsions in all groups concomitantly accumulated in organs of reticulo-endothelial system(RES),such as liver and spleen,and were cleared from body circulation mostly after 12 h.AUC(0-t)of organs from different groups showed dissimilar results in some organs.These intuitional results are of significance in understa nding the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions,which can provide a new way to discriminate against nutritional fat emulsions.展开更多
In this paper, a new discrimination diagram using absolute measures of Th and Nb is applied to postArchean ophiolites to best discriminate a large number of different ophiolitic basalts. This diagram was obtained usi...In this paper, a new discrimination diagram using absolute measures of Th and Nb is applied to postArchean ophiolites to best discriminate a large number of different ophiolitic basalts. This diagram was obtained using 〉2000 known ophiolitic basalts and was tested using -560 modern rocks from known tectonic settings. Ten different basaltic varieties from worldwide ophiolitic complexes have been examined. They include two basaltic types that have never been considered before, which are： （1） medium-Ti basalts （MTB） generated at nascent forearc settings; （2） a type of mid-ocean ridge basalts showing garnet signature （G-MORB） that characterizes Alpine-type （i,e., non volcanic） rifted margins and ocean-continent transition zones （OCTZ）. In the Th-Nb diagram, basalts generated in oceanic subductionunrelated settings, rifted margins, and OCTZ can be distinguished from subduction-related basalts with a misclassification rate 〈 1%. This diagram highlights the chemical variation of oceanic, rifted margin, and OCTZ basalts from depleted compositions to progressively more enriched compositions reflecting, in turn, the variance of source composition and degree of melting within the MORB-OIB array. It also highlights the chemical contributions of enriched （OIB-type） components to mantle sources. Enrichment of Th relative to Nb is particularly effective for highlighting crustal input via subduction or crustal contamination. Basalts formed at continental margin arcs and island arc with a complex polygenetic crust can be distinguished from those generated in intra-oceanic arcs in supra-subducrion zones （SSZ） with a misclassification rate 〈1%. Within the SSZ group, two sub-settings can be recognized with a misclassification rate 〈0.5%. They are： （1） SSZ influenced by chemical contribution from subduction- derived components （forearc and intra-arc sub-settings） characterized by island arc tholeiitic （IAT） and boninitic basalts; （2） SSZ with no contribution from subduction-derived components （nascent forearc sub-settings） characterized by MTBs and depleted-MORBs. Two additional discrimination diagrams are proposed： （1） a Dy-Yb diagram is used for discriminating boninite and IAT basalts; （2） a Ce/Yb-Dy/Yb diagram is used for discriminating G-MORBs and normal MORBs. The proposed method may effectively assist in recovering the tectonic affinity of ancient ophiolites, which is fundamental for establishing the geodvnamic evolution of ancient oceanic and continental domains, as well as orogenic belts.展开更多
This study focuses on the determination of physical and mechanical characteristics based on in vitro tests, by using field samples for the Kampemba urban area in the city of Lubumbashi. At the end of this study, we id...This study focuses on the determination of physical and mechanical characteristics based on in vitro tests, by using field samples for the Kampemba urban area in the city of Lubumbashi. At the end of this study, we identified the soils according to their parameters, and established the geotechnical classification by determining their bearing capacity by the group index method using from the identification tests carried out. By using the AASHTO classification method (American Association for State Highway Transportation Official), the results obtained after our studies revealed five classes of soil: A-2, A-4, A-5, A-6, A-7 in a general way, and particularly eight subgroups of soil: A-2-4, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-4, A-5, A-6, A-7-5 and A-7-6 for the concerned area. The latter has given statistical analysis and deep learning based on multi-layer perceptron, the global values of the physical parameters. It’s about: 31.77% ± 1.05% for the limit of liquidity;18.71% ± 0.76% for the plastic limit;13.06% ± 0.79% for the plasticity index;83.00% ± 3.33% for passing of 2 mm sieve;76.22% ± 3.2% for passing of 400 μm sieve;89.07% ± 2.99% for passing of 4.75 mm sieve;70.62% ± 2.39% passing of 80 μm sieve;1.66 ± 0.61 for the consistency index;<span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>0.67 ± 0.62 for the liquidity index and 8 ± 1 for the group index.展开更多
We try to give a quantitative and global discrimination function by studying mb/MS data using Fisher method that is a kind of pattern recognition methods. The reliability of the function is also analyzed. The results ...We try to give a quantitative and global discrimination function by studying mb/MS data using Fisher method that is a kind of pattern recognition methods. The reliability of the function is also analyzed. The results show that this criterion works well and has a global feature, which can be used as first-level filtering criterions in event identification. The quantitative and linear discrimination function makes it possible to identify events automatically and achieve the goal to react the events quickly and effectively.展开更多
The discrimination of quantum operations plays a key role in quantum information and computation. Unlike discriminating quantum states, it has some special properties which can be carried out in practice. In this pape...The discrimination of quantum operations plays a key role in quantum information and computation. Unlike discriminating quantum states, it has some special properties which can be carried out in practice. In this paper, we provide a general description of discriminating quantum operations. Concretely speaking, we describe the distinguisha- bility between quantum operations using a measure called operator fidelity. It is shown that, employing the theory of operator fidelity, we can not only verify some previous results to discriminate unitary operations, but also exhibit a more general discrimination condition. We further apply our results to analysing the security of some quantum cryptographic protocols and discuss the realization of our method using well-developed quantum algorithms.展开更多
Discriminating barren and fertile intrusions is one of the main challenges in the search for rare-element pegmatites.Diagrams comprising more than one element can make discrimination of productive and barren samples m...Discriminating barren and fertile intrusions is one of the main challenges in the search for rare-element pegmatites.Diagrams comprising more than one element can make discrimination of productive and barren samples more valid.These diagrams distinguish samples by simultaneous means of positive and/or negative correlations between variables.A ternary diagram for S-type peraluminous granites has been obtained in this study.Firstly,a database composed of Ta-bearing and barren granitic systems was created,then geochemical behavior of trace elements was studied,and statistical investigations were done using GCDkit software,which resulted in the Ga-(Nb+Ta)-(Nb/Ta)(Zr/Hf)ternary diagram which can distinguish the non-mineralized granites from productive ones.The Ta-bearing samples,which are situated in the fertile field in the diagram,are those which have high Nb and Ta contents,elevated Ga content and the lowest Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf values.展开更多
Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),carrying tumor-specific sequence mutations,is a promising biomarker for classification,diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.However,there is still a great challenge in discriminating single-...Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),carrying tumor-specific sequence mutations,is a promising biomarker for classification,diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.However,there is still a great challenge in discriminating single-base difference between ctDNA and its coexisting analogue(normal circulating DNA,ncDNA)at a serum sample.A locked nucleic acid(LNA)probe combined with a-HL nanopore sensor was designed,which achieved a high signal-to-background ratio(SBR)of^8.34 × 10^3,as well as a significant discrimination capability(~12.3 times)of single-base diffe rence.The accurate discrimination strategy is label-free,convenient,selective and sensitive,which has great potential in the early diagnosis of diseases and biomedical research fields.展开更多
Discriminating internal layers by radio echo sounding is important in analyzing the thickness and ice deposits in the Antarctic ice sheet.The signal processing method of synthesis aperture radar(SAR)has been widely us...Discriminating internal layers by radio echo sounding is important in analyzing the thickness and ice deposits in the Antarctic ice sheet.The signal processing method of synthesis aperture radar(SAR)has been widely used for improving the signal to noise ratio(SNR)and discriminating internal layers by radio echo sounding data of ice sheets.This method is not efficient when we use edge detection operators to obtain accurate information of the layers,especially the ice-bed interface.This paper presents a new image processing method via a combined robust principal component analysis-total variation(RPCA-TV)approach for discriminating internal layers of ice sheets by radio echo sounding data.The RPCA-based method is adopted to project the high-dimensional observations to low-dimensional subspace structure to accelerate the operation of the TV-based method,which is used to discriminate the internal layers.The efficiency of the presented method has been tested on simulation data and the dataset of the Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,collected during CHINARE 28.The results show that the new method is more efficient than the previous method in discriminating internal layers of ice sheets by radio echo sounding data.展开更多
To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.Howeve...To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.展开更多
Yellow rust(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.Tritici,YR)and fusarium head blight(Fusarium graminearum,FHB)are the two main diseases affecting wheat in the main grain-producing areas of East China,which is common for the two ...Yellow rust(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.Tritici,YR)and fusarium head blight(Fusarium graminearum,FHB)are the two main diseases affecting wheat in the main grain-producing areas of East China,which is common for the two diseases to appear simultaneously in some main production areas.It is necessary to discriminate wheat YR and FHB at the regional scale to accurately locate the disease in space,conduct detailed disease severity monitoring,and scientific control.Four images on different dates were acquired from Sentinel-2,Landsat-8,and Gaofen-1 during the critical period of winter wheat,and 22 remote sensing features that characterize the wheat growth status were then calculated.Meanwhile,6 meteorological parameters that reflect the wheat phenological information were also obtained by combining the site meteorological data and spatial interpolation technology.Then,the principal components(PCs)of comprehensive remote sensing and meteorological features were extracted with principal component analysis(PCA).The PCs-based discrimination models were established to map YR and FHB damage using the random forest(RF)and backpropagation neural network(BPNN).The models’performance was verified based on the disease field truth data(57 plots during the filling period)and 5-fold cross-validation.The results revealed that the PCs obtained after PCA dimensionality reduction outperformed the initial features(IFs)from remote sensing and meteorology in discriminating between the two diseases.Compared to the IFs,the average area under the curve for both micro-average and macro-average ROC curves increased by 0.07 in the PCs-based RF models and increased by 0.16 and 0.13,respectively,in the PCs-based BPNN models.Notably,the PCs-based BPNN discrimination model emerged as the most effective,achieving an overall accuracy of 83.9%.Our proposed discrimination model for wheat YR and FHB,coupled with multi-source remote sensing images and meteorological data,overcomes the limitations of a single-sensor and single-phase remote sensing information in multiple stress discrimination in cloudy and rainy areas.It performs well in revealing the damage spatial distribution of the two diseases at a regional scale,providing a basis for detailed disease severity monitoring,and scientific prevention and control.展开更多
Pulse pile-up is a problem in nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear reaction studies that occurs when two pulses overlap and distort each other,degrading the quality of energy and timing information.Different methods have ...Pulse pile-up is a problem in nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear reaction studies that occurs when two pulses overlap and distort each other,degrading the quality of energy and timing information.Different methods have been used for pile-up rejection,both digital and analogue,but some pile-up events may contain pulses of interest and need to be reconstructed.The paper proposes a new method for reconstructing pile-up events acquired with a neutron detector array(NEDA)using an one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder(1D-CAE).The datasets for training and testing the 1D-CAE are created from data acquired from the NEDA.The new pile-up signal reconstruction method is evaluated from the point of view of how similar the reconstructed signals are to the original ones.Furthermore,it is analysed considering the result of the neutron-gamma discrimination based on charge comparison,comparing the result obtained from original and reconstructed signals.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)hav...INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)have rightlyraised concernsthat such action might be discriminatory.展开更多
Measuring the impact of AI systems The recent 2025 AI Index Report from Stanford University revealed that skepticism about the ethical conduct of AI companies is growing,and trust in fairness is shrinking.There is als...Measuring the impact of AI systems The recent 2025 AI Index Report from Stanford University revealed that skepticism about the ethical conduct of AI companies is growing,and trust in fairness is shrinking.There is also less confidence that personal data will be protected and fewer people believe AI systems are unbiased and free of discrimination.Trust and transparency are essential for AI to deliver on its promises in a safe and responsible way.Governments are stepping up with new AI-related regulations,and international standards such as ISO/IEC 42001 have been developed to support them,but a lot more needs to be done to reduce potential risks and address societal concerns.展开更多
Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of indi...Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of individuality in communal signals more complex.In addition,selection may favor the accurate identifcation of pairs over individuals by receivers in year-round territorial species with duetting and long-term pair bonding.Here,we studied pair and individual vocal signatures in the polyphonal duets of rufous horneros Furnarius rufus,a Neotropical bird known for its long-term pair bonds.Hornero partners engage in duets to deter territorial intruders and protect their partnership year-round and can discern duets from neighbors versus strangers.Using a dataset of 471 duets from 43 pairs in 2 populations,we measured fne-scale acoustic features across different duet levels(e.g.,complete duets to non-overlapping syllable parts)and analysis levels(pair or individual).Permuted linear discriminant function analyses classifed pairs and individuals more accurately than expected by chance(means:45%and 47%vs.4 and 2%).Pair identity explained more variance in the multivariate acoustic features of duets than individual or population identities.The initial frequency of the duet showed strong potential for encoding pair identity.The acoustic traits contributing most to individual vocal signatures varied between sexes,which might facilitate the simultaneous assessment of duetters’identities by receivers.Our study indicates that vocal individuality may exist even in species with intricate and innate communal signals and elucidates the mechanisms employed by horneros in their social discrimination ability.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFF0709503,2022YFB1902700,2017YFC0602101)the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan province(No.2023YFG0347)the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan province(No.2020ZDZX0007).
文摘To detect radioactive substances with low activity levels,an anticoincidence detector and a high-purity germanium(HPGe)detector are typically used simultaneously to suppress Compton scattering background,thereby resulting in an extremely low detection limit and improving the measurement accuracy.However,the complex and expensive hardware required does not facilitate the application or promotion of this method.Thus,a method is proposed in this study to discriminate the digital waveform of pulse signals output using an HPGe detector,whereby Compton scattering background is suppressed and a low minimum detectable activity(MDA)is achieved without using an expensive and complex anticoincidence detector and device.The electric-field-strength and energy-deposition distributions of the detector are simulated to determine the relationship between pulse shape and energy-deposition location,as well as the characteristics of energy-deposition distributions for fulland partial-energy deposition events.This relationship is used to develop a pulse-shape-discrimination algorithm based on an artificial neural network for pulse-feature identification.To accurately determine the relationship between the deposited energy of gamma(γ)rays in the detector and the deposition location,we extract four shape parameters from the pulse signals output by the detector.Machine learning is used to input the four shape parameters into the detector.Subsequently,the pulse signals are identified and classified to discriminate between partial-and full-energy deposition events.Some partial-energy deposition events are removed to suppress Compton scattering.The proposed method effectively decreases the MDA of an HPGeγ-energy dispersive spectrometer.Test results show that the Compton suppression factors for energy spectra obtained from measurements on ^(152)Eu,^(137)Cs,and ^(60)Co radioactive sources are 1.13(344 keV),1.11(662 keV),and 1.08(1332 keV),respectively,and that the corresponding MDAs are 1.4%,5.3%,and 21.6%lower,respectively.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(11171221)Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China(20123120110004)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(14ZR1429200)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(15ZZ073)Key Research Project Plan of Institutions of Higher of Henan Province(17A120010)
文摘This paper studies a bounded discriminating domain for hybrid linear differential game with two players and two targets using viability theory. First of all, we prove that the convex hull of a closed set is also a discriminating domain if the set is a discriminating domain. Secondly, in order to determine that a bounded polyhedron is a discriminating domain, we give a result that it only needs to verify that the extreme points of the polyhedron meet the viability conditions. The difference between our result and the existing ones is that our result just needs to verify the finite points （extreme points） and the existing ones need to verify all points in the bounded polyhedron.
文摘This thesis puts forward a conjecture that, owing to some unknown special character of light, it is impossible to determine whether the speed of light is variable by the interference method. To verify the hypothesis of the invariance of light speed, a new method must be found to take accurate measurement of the infinitesimal change in the travelling time of light. The thesis suggests the adoption of high frequency laser pulse technology to carry out the measurement. On the basis of this idea a new discriminating experiment is proposed to test the hypothesis of the invariance of light speed. The thesis also makes some forecast of the future prospects of this experiment and of the future development of the theory of special relativity.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11671006,11671294Outstanding Youth Foundation of Shanxi Province(201701D211001)
文摘The discriminating strength DS(ρAB) induced by local Gaussian unitary operators for any(n + m)-mode Gaussian state ρABis introduced in [Phys. Rev. A 83(2011) 042325]. In this paper, we further discuss the quantity by restricting to Hilbert-Schmidt norm. The analytic formulas of DS for two-mode squeezed thermal states and mixed thermal states are given. Then, the relationship between DS(ρAB) and DS((I ? Φ)(ρAB)) for some special Gaussian channels Φ is discussed. In addition, DS is compared with Gaussian entanglement for symmetric squeezed thermal states.
文摘By summarizing the factor of the financial statement fraud in existing research outcome, the paper confirms the discriminating characteristic of the financial statement fraud and sets up a theoretic model to discriminate the financial statement fraud. Using radial basis function neural network, regarding to the swatch that the listed company that is punished by the Securities Regulatory Commission or the Ministry of Finance, and according to the clustering elements, validating across by set one aside, the paper verifies respectively the 22 characteristics and 31 characteristics of discriminating model. According to the clustering elements, validating across by set one aside, the paper verifies respectively the 31 characteristics and 8 characteristics selected by Fisher-ratio of discriminating model. The research outcome indicates the discriminating ability of the model including 8 characteristics is better elevated than the traditional model including 31 characteristics by comparing the disciplinary error and the forecast precision.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872826,81573363,81690263)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18ZR1404100)Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.18PJD001)。
文摘The discrimination against nutritional fat emulsion injections was considered by imaging tools,which aims to elucidate the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions.In this study,20%nutritional fat emulsion injections were selected from different company including original and generic products.Meanwhile,a water quenching fluorescent probe(P2)was used to label them by an incubation method.The fluorescent intensity analysis of blood-borne fluorescence reveals rapid clearance of nanoemulsion in all groups,which shows'L'-type blood kinetic profiles.However,these kinetic parameters do not have significant difference.Following intravenous administration,the nanoemulsions in all groups concomitantly accumulated in organs of reticulo-endothelial system(RES),such as liver and spleen,and were cleared from body circulation mostly after 12 h.AUC(0-t)of organs from different groups showed dissimilar results in some organs.These intuitional results are of significance in understa nding the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions,which can provide a new way to discriminate against nutritional fat emulsions.
文摘In this paper, a new discrimination diagram using absolute measures of Th and Nb is applied to postArchean ophiolites to best discriminate a large number of different ophiolitic basalts. This diagram was obtained using 〉2000 known ophiolitic basalts and was tested using -560 modern rocks from known tectonic settings. Ten different basaltic varieties from worldwide ophiolitic complexes have been examined. They include two basaltic types that have never been considered before, which are： （1） medium-Ti basalts （MTB） generated at nascent forearc settings; （2） a type of mid-ocean ridge basalts showing garnet signature （G-MORB） that characterizes Alpine-type （i,e., non volcanic） rifted margins and ocean-continent transition zones （OCTZ）. In the Th-Nb diagram, basalts generated in oceanic subductionunrelated settings, rifted margins, and OCTZ can be distinguished from subduction-related basalts with a misclassification rate 〈 1%. This diagram highlights the chemical variation of oceanic, rifted margin, and OCTZ basalts from depleted compositions to progressively more enriched compositions reflecting, in turn, the variance of source composition and degree of melting within the MORB-OIB array. It also highlights the chemical contributions of enriched （OIB-type） components to mantle sources. Enrichment of Th relative to Nb is particularly effective for highlighting crustal input via subduction or crustal contamination. Basalts formed at continental margin arcs and island arc with a complex polygenetic crust can be distinguished from those generated in intra-oceanic arcs in supra-subducrion zones （SSZ） with a misclassification rate 〈1%. Within the SSZ group, two sub-settings can be recognized with a misclassification rate 〈0.5%. They are： （1） SSZ influenced by chemical contribution from subduction- derived components （forearc and intra-arc sub-settings） characterized by island arc tholeiitic （IAT） and boninitic basalts; （2） SSZ with no contribution from subduction-derived components （nascent forearc sub-settings） characterized by MTBs and depleted-MORBs. Two additional discrimination diagrams are proposed： （1） a Dy-Yb diagram is used for discriminating boninite and IAT basalts; （2） a Ce/Yb-Dy/Yb diagram is used for discriminating G-MORBs and normal MORBs. The proposed method may effectively assist in recovering the tectonic affinity of ancient ophiolites, which is fundamental for establishing the geodvnamic evolution of ancient oceanic and continental domains, as well as orogenic belts.
文摘This study focuses on the determination of physical and mechanical characteristics based on in vitro tests, by using field samples for the Kampemba urban area in the city of Lubumbashi. At the end of this study, we identified the soils according to their parameters, and established the geotechnical classification by determining their bearing capacity by the group index method using from the identification tests carried out. By using the AASHTO classification method (American Association for State Highway Transportation Official), the results obtained after our studies revealed five classes of soil: A-2, A-4, A-5, A-6, A-7 in a general way, and particularly eight subgroups of soil: A-2-4, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-4, A-5, A-6, A-7-5 and A-7-6 for the concerned area. The latter has given statistical analysis and deep learning based on multi-layer perceptron, the global values of the physical parameters. It’s about: 31.77% ± 1.05% for the limit of liquidity;18.71% ± 0.76% for the plastic limit;13.06% ± 0.79% for the plasticity index;83.00% ± 3.33% for passing of 2 mm sieve;76.22% ± 3.2% for passing of 400 μm sieve;89.07% ± 2.99% for passing of 4.75 mm sieve;70.62% ± 2.39% passing of 80 μm sieve;1.66 ± 0.61 for the consistency index;<span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>0.67 ± 0.62 for the liquidity index and 8 ± 1 for the group index.
基金Contribution No.05FE3018,Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administrstion
文摘We try to give a quantitative and global discrimination function by studying mb/MS data using Fisher method that is a kind of pattern recognition methods. The reliability of the function is also analyzed. The results show that this criterion works well and has a global feature, which can be used as first-level filtering criterions in event identification. The quantitative and linear discrimination function makes it possible to identify events automatically and achieve the goal to react the events quickly and effectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60873191, 60903152, 61003286, 60821001, and61070251)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-10-0260)+4 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant Nos. 200800131016 and 20090005110010)the Beijing Nova Program (Grant No. 2008B51)the Key Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 109014)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 4112040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GrantNos. BUPT2011YB01 and BUPT2011RC0505)
文摘The discrimination of quantum operations plays a key role in quantum information and computation. Unlike discriminating quantum states, it has some special properties which can be carried out in practice. In this paper, we provide a general description of discriminating quantum operations. Concretely speaking, we describe the distinguisha- bility between quantum operations using a measure called operator fidelity. It is shown that, employing the theory of operator fidelity, we can not only verify some previous results to discriminate unitary operations, but also exhibit a more general discrimination condition. We further apply our results to analysing the security of some quantum cryptographic protocols and discuss the realization of our method using well-developed quantum algorithms.
文摘Discriminating barren and fertile intrusions is one of the main challenges in the search for rare-element pegmatites.Diagrams comprising more than one element can make discrimination of productive and barren samples more valid.These diagrams distinguish samples by simultaneous means of positive and/or negative correlations between variables.A ternary diagram for S-type peraluminous granites has been obtained in this study.Firstly,a database composed of Ta-bearing and barren granitic systems was created,then geochemical behavior of trace elements was studied,and statistical investigations were done using GCDkit software,which resulted in the Ga-(Nb+Ta)-(Nb/Ta)(Zr/Hf)ternary diagram which can distinguish the non-mineralized granites from productive ones.The Ta-bearing samples,which are situated in the fertile field in the diagram,are those which have high Nb and Ta contents,elevated Ga content and the lowest Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf values.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21475091,21775106)
文摘Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),carrying tumor-specific sequence mutations,is a promising biomarker for classification,diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.However,there is still a great challenge in discriminating single-base difference between ctDNA and its coexisting analogue(normal circulating DNA,ncDNA)at a serum sample.A locked nucleic acid(LNA)probe combined with a-HL nanopore sensor was designed,which achieved a high signal-to-background ratio(SBR)of^8.34 × 10^3,as well as a significant discrimination capability(~12.3 times)of single-base diffe rence.The accurate discrimination strategy is label-free,convenient,selective and sensitive,which has great potential in the early diagnosis of diseases and biomedical research fields.
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China("863"Project)(Grant No.2011AA040202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40976114)
文摘Discriminating internal layers by radio echo sounding is important in analyzing the thickness and ice deposits in the Antarctic ice sheet.The signal processing method of synthesis aperture radar(SAR)has been widely used for improving the signal to noise ratio(SNR)and discriminating internal layers by radio echo sounding data of ice sheets.This method is not efficient when we use edge detection operators to obtain accurate information of the layers,especially the ice-bed interface.This paper presents a new image processing method via a combined robust principal component analysis-total variation(RPCA-TV)approach for discriminating internal layers of ice sheets by radio echo sounding data.The RPCA-based method is adopted to project the high-dimensional observations to low-dimensional subspace structure to accelerate the operation of the TV-based method,which is used to discriminate the internal layers.The efficiency of the presented method has been tested on simulation data and the dataset of the Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,collected during CHINARE 28.The results show that the new method is more efficient than the previous method in discriminating internal layers of ice sheets by radio echo sounding data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276139)the Shanghai’s Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission(No.2022028).
文摘To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2000100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42401400)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2023C02018).
文摘Yellow rust(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.Tritici,YR)and fusarium head blight(Fusarium graminearum,FHB)are the two main diseases affecting wheat in the main grain-producing areas of East China,which is common for the two diseases to appear simultaneously in some main production areas.It is necessary to discriminate wheat YR and FHB at the regional scale to accurately locate the disease in space,conduct detailed disease severity monitoring,and scientific control.Four images on different dates were acquired from Sentinel-2,Landsat-8,and Gaofen-1 during the critical period of winter wheat,and 22 remote sensing features that characterize the wheat growth status were then calculated.Meanwhile,6 meteorological parameters that reflect the wheat phenological information were also obtained by combining the site meteorological data and spatial interpolation technology.Then,the principal components(PCs)of comprehensive remote sensing and meteorological features were extracted with principal component analysis(PCA).The PCs-based discrimination models were established to map YR and FHB damage using the random forest(RF)and backpropagation neural network(BPNN).The models’performance was verified based on the disease field truth data(57 plots during the filling period)and 5-fold cross-validation.The results revealed that the PCs obtained after PCA dimensionality reduction outperformed the initial features(IFs)from remote sensing and meteorology in discriminating between the two diseases.Compared to the IFs,the average area under the curve for both micro-average and macro-average ROC curves increased by 0.07 in the PCs-based RF models and increased by 0.16 and 0.13,respectively,in the PCs-based BPNN models.Notably,the PCs-based BPNN discrimination model emerged as the most effective,achieving an overall accuracy of 83.9%.Our proposed discrimination model for wheat YR and FHB,coupled with multi-source remote sensing images and meteorological data,overcomes the limitations of a single-sensor and single-phase remote sensing information in multiple stress discrimination in cloudy and rainy areas.It performs well in revealing the damage spatial distribution of the two diseases at a regional scale,providing a basis for detailed disease severity monitoring,and scientific prevention and control.
基金partially supported by MICIU MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Spain with grant PID2020-118265GB-C42,-C44,PRTR-C17.I01+1 种基金Generalitat Valenciana,Spain with grant CIPROM/2022/54,ASFAE/2022/031,CIAPOS/2021/114the EU NextGenerationEU,ESF funds,and the National Science Centre (NCN),Poland (grant No.2020/39/D/ST2/00466)
文摘Pulse pile-up is a problem in nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear reaction studies that occurs when two pulses overlap and distort each other,degrading the quality of energy and timing information.Different methods have been used for pile-up rejection,both digital and analogue,but some pile-up events may contain pulses of interest and need to be reconstructed.The paper proposes a new method for reconstructing pile-up events acquired with a neutron detector array(NEDA)using an one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder(1D-CAE).The datasets for training and testing the 1D-CAE are created from data acquired from the NEDA.The new pile-up signal reconstruction method is evaluated from the point of view of how similar the reconstructed signals are to the original ones.Furthermore,it is analysed considering the result of the neutron-gamma discrimination based on charge comparison,comparing the result obtained from original and reconstructed signals.
文摘INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)have rightlyraised concernsthat such action might be discriminatory.
文摘Measuring the impact of AI systems The recent 2025 AI Index Report from Stanford University revealed that skepticism about the ethical conduct of AI companies is growing,and trust in fairness is shrinking.There is also less confidence that personal data will be protected and fewer people believe AI systems are unbiased and free of discrimination.Trust and transparency are essential for AI to deliver on its promises in a safe and responsible way.Governments are stepping up with new AI-related regulations,and international standards such as ISO/IEC 42001 have been developed to support them,but a lot more needs to be done to reduce potential risks and address societal concerns.
基金P.D.and P.S.A.received Ph.D.scholarships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)(Finance Code 001)P.D.received a Postdoctoral fellowship from CAPES(grant number:88887.469218/2019-00)+4 种基金R.H.M.received a fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científco e Tecnológico(CNPq)for the duration of the study.Funding was also provided by Animal Behavior Society[ABS Student Research Grant to P.S.A.]Association of Field Ornithologists[E.Alexander Bergstrom Memorial Research Award to P.S.A.]American Ornithological Society[Postdoctoral Research Award to P.D.]the logistic and fnancial support provided by Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia from Universidade de Brasília in association with Programa de Excelência Acadêmica PROEX/CAPES(1789/2015)the fnancial support provided by CNPq(471945/2013-7).
文摘Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of individuality in communal signals more complex.In addition,selection may favor the accurate identifcation of pairs over individuals by receivers in year-round territorial species with duetting and long-term pair bonding.Here,we studied pair and individual vocal signatures in the polyphonal duets of rufous horneros Furnarius rufus,a Neotropical bird known for its long-term pair bonds.Hornero partners engage in duets to deter territorial intruders and protect their partnership year-round and can discern duets from neighbors versus strangers.Using a dataset of 471 duets from 43 pairs in 2 populations,we measured fne-scale acoustic features across different duet levels(e.g.,complete duets to non-overlapping syllable parts)and analysis levels(pair or individual).Permuted linear discriminant function analyses classifed pairs and individuals more accurately than expected by chance(means:45%and 47%vs.4 and 2%).Pair identity explained more variance in the multivariate acoustic features of duets than individual or population identities.The initial frequency of the duet showed strong potential for encoding pair identity.The acoustic traits contributing most to individual vocal signatures varied between sexes,which might facilitate the simultaneous assessment of duetters’identities by receivers.Our study indicates that vocal individuality may exist even in species with intricate and innate communal signals and elucidates the mechanisms employed by horneros in their social discrimination ability.
