AIM: To investigate perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing modified laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (MLSD) with intraoperative autologous cell salvage.
AIM: To investigate perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing modified laparoscopic splenectomy or open splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection for portal hypertension.
Extensive lesions involving the posterior quadrant of the cerebral hemisphere （temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes） induce intractable epilepsy. These patients are potential candidates for surgical treatmenttu. ...Extensive lesions involving the posterior quadrant of the cerebral hemisphere （temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes） induce intractable epilepsy. These patients are potential candidates for surgical treatmenttu. Maintenance of isolated nerve tissue activity after surgery plays a crucial role in the neuroprotective effects of neurosurgery treatment. Disconnection surgery of the posterior quadrant is used to completely isolate nerve fibers, while blood supply at the isolated lobes is maintained. Subsequently, cavities caused by cystic or necrotic nerve tissues should be reduced as much as possible,展开更多
First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the structures and energetics of {101n} coherent twin boundaries(CTBs) and glide twin boundaries(GTBs) in hexagonal close-packed(hcp) Ti. The formation mecha...First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the structures and energetics of {101n} coherent twin boundaries(CTBs) and glide twin boundaries(GTBs) in hexagonal close-packed(hcp) Ti. The formation mechanism of GTBs and their correlation with twin growth were fundamentally explored. Results suggested that GTBs can form from the gliding of CTBs, through their interaction with basal stacking fault. The gliding eventually restored the CTB structures by forming a pair of single-layer twinning disconnections. The pile-up of twinning disconnections should be responsible for the wide steps at twin boundaries as observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which can further promote twin growth. Possible effects of various alloying elements on pinning twin boundaries were also evaluated, to guide the strengthening design of Ti alloys.展开更多
Grain boundary(GB)mediated deformation is a vital contributor to the plasticity of polycrystalline materials,where the disconnection model has become a widely recognized approach to depict the GB dynamics.However,expe...Grain boundary(GB)mediated deformation is a vital contributor to the plasticity of polycrystalline materials,where the disconnection model has become a widely recognized approach to depict the GB dynamics.However,experimental understanding of the atomistic disconnection dynamics remains scarce.In this case study of gold nanocrystals,atomistic disconnection dynamics governing the shear-coupled migration of flat GBs have been systematically investigated via in situ transmission electron microscopy nanomechanical testing supported by molecular dynamics simulations.Specifically,the site-dependent nucleation,shear-driven propagation,and diverse interactions associated with distinct GB disconnections are systematically elucidated and quantitatively compared.Moreover,the disconnection-mediated GB plasticity proves to prevail among different tilt and mixed GBs in gold.Eventually,a conceptual map of disconnection-mediated GB dynamics is established,which would furnish a unified understanding of GB plasticity in metallic materials.展开更多
Roads are conspicuous components in a river landscape;however,their impacts on river landscape patterns and ecological processes have not been systematically studied at the watershed scale.In this paper,the Lancang Ri...Roads are conspicuous components in a river landscape;however,their impacts on river landscape patterns and ecological processes have not been systematically studied at the watershed scale.In this paper,the Lancang River Valley in Yunnan Province,China was selected as a case to study road lateral disconnection and crossing impacts and identify river-road network interaction.This study was primarily focused on the road impacts on soil erosion intensity and patch density by using GIS analysis at different scales and explored their distribution with terrain factors.The results showed that river density revealed spatial autocorrelation although both of the roads and rivers were distributed unevenly in the valley.The lateral road(road curvature≥1.1)proportion correlated with soil erosion intensity(p 0.01)at the small sub-basin scale.Soil erosion intensity decreased with increasing lateral road buffer width.Light erosion generally accounted for a large proportion of the erosion in the lateral road buffer zones(1.0–4.0 km),while higher class lateral roads imposed greater impacts on soil erosion than lower class roads,which primarily had a moderate erosion level.In addition,the results of road-river intersection density indicated that road crossing impacts were significantly correlated with patch density at the small sub-basin scale.Topography factor(percent of slope>25°in each sub-basin had a close relationship with the ratio of total length of road line with curvature value≥1.1 to the total number of intersections.The correlation(p 0.01)between road impacts and terrain factor revealed that topography affected the road impact distribution in the Lancang River Valley.展开更多
The recoil response of a deep-water drilling riser following an ED(Emergency Disconnection)scenario is a transient and sensitive process.The recoiling displacement of the riser is the resultant of recoil motion and ax...The recoil response of a deep-water drilling riser following an ED(Emergency Disconnection)scenario is a transient and sensitive process.The recoiling displacement of the riser is the resultant of recoil motion and axial stretch.How-ever,it is typically represented by one variable in recoil simulations.As axial deformation is quite small compared with axial motion in the recoil process,it inevitably introduces numerical errors(i.e.,a large number annihilating a small number).Thus,it is hard to perform a quantitative analysis of axial deformation,although a consensus initial deformation is essential for recoil dynamics.Moreover,the triggered axial natural modes have never been examined before.In this study,the recoil response is decomposed into two parts:recoil motion and axial deformation,and a novel model is developed by Galerkin method.It has demonstrated that the initial stretch has a significant effect at the initial stage in recoil.The existing models underestimate the effects of axial deformation.The new model can capture information of triggered natural modes and figure out the modes undergoing dynamic compression.This study can be beneficial to overpull setting,determination of ED time and anti-recoil control optimization.展开更多
Background:The hepatic artery is the only blood source nourishing the biliary duct and associated with biliary complication after liver transplantation(LT).Gastroduodenal artery(GDA)disconnection increased proper hepa...Background:The hepatic artery is the only blood source nourishing the biliary duct and associated with biliary complication after liver transplantation(LT).Gastroduodenal artery(GDA)disconnection increased proper hepatic artery flow.Whether this procedure attenuates biliary non-anastomotic stricture(NAS)is not clear.Methods:A total of 241 patients with LT were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the GDA disconnection(GDA-)and GDA preservation(GDA+)groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was administrated to reduce bias.Logistic regression was conducted to analyze risk factors for biliary NAS before and after PSM.Postoperative complications were compared.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare overall survival.Results:In all,99 patients(41.1%)underwent GDA disconnection,and 49(20.3%)developed NAS.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that GDA preservation(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.11-4.53;P=0.025)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score>15(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.12-4.11;P=0.022)were risk factors for biliary NAS.PSM provided 66 pairs using 1:2 matching method,including 66 GDA disconnection and 99 GDA preservation patients.Multivariate logistic regression after PSM also showed that GDA preservation(OR=3.15,95%CI:1.26-7.89;P=0.014)and MELD score>15(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.08-5.36;P=0.031)were risk factors for NAS.When comparing complications between the two groups,GDA preservation was associated with a higher incidence of biliary NAS before and after PSM(P=0.031 and 0.017,respectively).In contrast,other complications including early allograft dysfunction(P=0.620),small-for-size graft syndrome(P=0.441),abdominal hemorrhage(P=1.000),major complications(Clavien-Dindo grade≥3,P=0.318),and overall survival(P=0.088)were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:GDA disconnection during LT ameliorates biliary NAS incidence and may be recommended for application in clinical practice.展开更多
Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC...Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.展开更多
Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome (IDS), described by Sperry, Gazzaniga and Bogen, is characterized by the presence of visual and tactile anomia, absence of interhemispheric transference of unilateral somatosens...Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome (IDS), described by Sperry, Gazzaniga and Bogen, is characterized by the presence of visual and tactile anomia, absence of interhemispheric transference of unilateral somatosensory stimulation of both hands, hemialexia and unilateral left-side apraxia. Subsequently, changes were also observed in the sensory interhemispheric transfer and in tests of crossed motor control. In Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) there have been descriptions of partial IDS. The aim is to describe the dissociations in IDS that are presented in a patient with MBD, using a specialized assessment methodology. Patient and Method: A 54-year-old patient, righthanded, with 11 years of schooling, presented with antecedent chronic alcoholism. Neuropsychological tests were administered for general assessment along with specific tests of interhemispheric transference. Results: Borderline changes were found in visual memory, visual-constructive abilities and attention and executive functioning. In tasks of interhemispheric transference the patient showed changes in: the imitation of hand poses;inter-manual pressure point localization (tactile stimulation);reading aloud of words by visual hemifield;and movement control. Conclusion: Our patient showed a wide lesion of the Corpus Callosum (CC) with relative preservation of the splenium, accompanied by partial disconnection syndrome in the context of a global cognitive deterioration from his chronic alcoholism.展开更多
The stability and reliability of links in wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors such as the topology of the area, inter-base station or inter-mobile station distances, weather conditions and so on. Lin...The stability and reliability of links in wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors such as the topology of the area, inter-base station or inter-mobile station distances, weather conditions and so on. Link instability in wireless networks has a negative impact on the data throughput and thus, the overall quality of user experience, even in the presence of sufficient bandwidth. An estimation of link quality and link availability duration can drastically increase the performance of these networks, allowing the network or applications to take proactive measures to handle impending disconnections. In this paper we look at a mathematical model for predicting disconnection in wireless networks. This model is originally intended to be implemented in base stations of cellular networks, but is independent of the wireless technology and can thus be applied to different types of networks with minimum changes.展开更多
Single-atomic-layer-height disconnections that connect with I1stacking faults are produced on{1011}twin boundaries in pure magnesium through transmutation of basalmixed dislocations across the twin boundaries,and thei...Single-atomic-layer-height disconnections that connect with I1stacking faults are produced on{1011}twin boundaries in pure magnesium through transmutation of basalmixed dislocations across the twin boundaries,and their stabilities are examined using molecular dynamics simulations.The stable configuration for a single-atomic-layer-height disconnection is a pyramidal-basal(PyB)disconnection connecting an I1fault associated with a stacking sequence change of ABACA,or a basal-pyramidal(BPy)disconnection connecting an I_(1)fault associated with a stacking sequence change of BABCB.A stable single-atomic-layer-height disconnection can transform to a less stable single-atomiclayer-height disconnection when its step orientation changes solely.A stable single-atomic-layer-height disconnection can also transform to another stable single-atomic-layer-height disconnection,when the step orientation of the disconnection and the type of the I_(1)fault that connects with the disconnection change synchronously,and this process is accompanied with the emission of a Shockley partial dislocation from the twin boundary.展开更多
Trabecular bone disconnection “hotspots” of real termini (ReTm) previously mapped as loci of weakness in the female aging spine and hip may be a source of free-floating cancellous segments found in the medullary spa...Trabecular bone disconnection “hotspots” of real termini (ReTm) previously mapped as loci of weakness in the female aging spine and hip may be a source of free-floating cancellous segments found in the medullary space using a bespoke, thick slice histological method for identifying ReTm. A factor in their origin is apparently microdamage proliferation (differentiated by en bloc silver staining) with occasional callus moderation. Validation of similar “floating segments” (FS) in the ex-breeder rat suggested a pilot model for a potentially common phenomenon. Following marrow elution and density fractionation of the isolated floating segments from the whole proximal rat femora, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental microanalysis (EDS) was performed. The eluent contained numbers of vertically truncated, laterally branched floating segments (acute severance of sequential tensile cross-struts, causing chronic compression overload of axial-struts, with ii) inadequate stabilising callus, facilitating ReTm stacking into predetermined, substructural “crumple zones” of force containment, spheroidal attrition and particulate dissociation. As a catabolic outcome of altered tensile and hormonal influence, FS number may add a novel variable to cancellous bone kinetics particularly in women of relevance to fracture predisposition.展开更多
Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a rel...Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.展开更多
In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disco...In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disconnect sequence （EDS） available. A solution was developed based on the characteristics of the rigs and blowout preventers （BOPs）, and six variables were considered that directly affect the choice of EDS. All possible combinations of 64 scenarios were analyzed, and the priority of choice of the EDS was defined empirically. This paper presents an approach to EDS risk management and examples of exposure time （time without riser safety margin and shear capability） for the same well, which can be lowered from 13% to 0.1%. The impact of this reduction is related to the ability of the BOP to cut some of the heavy casings, in addition to improved availability of EDS modes. This implementation opened up many possibilities for the performance of risk exposure analysis, enabling comparison of several BOP configurations of contracted rigs and selection of the best options. This innovative approach allowed a better management of the rig schedules, prioritizing safety aspects and making it possible to allocate the fleet in a systematic way.展开更多
With internet and smartphone usage increasing every year,seniors are being exposed to digital media,either actively or passively.To better integrate into the information society for the elderly,efforts are also needed...With internet and smartphone usage increasing every year,seniors are being exposed to digital media,either actively or passively.To better integrate into the information society for the elderly,efforts are also needed to clarify the causes of their digital disconnection and develop appropriate solutions.In this study,semi-structured interviews are utilized to investigate the self-adjustment and external intervention of the elderly in the age of digital media and to explore the ways,causes,and effects of digital disconnection of the elderly.The focus issue of this study is to clarify the subjective and objective factors of digital disconnection,especially cognitive problems,group influences,and technological access barriers in the elderly population concerning digital devices and the Internet.展开更多
Chyluria is a disease that may severely debilitate a patient＇s health condition. Some investigations have indicated that in patients with chyluria, part of the uptake fat and protein leaks from the urine.Thus, recurr...Chyluria is a disease that may severely debilitate a patient＇s health condition. Some investigations have indicated that in patients with chyluria, part of the uptake fat and protein leaks from the urine.Thus, recurrent chyluria may result in malnutrition. In addition, with nearly one half of the body＇s the urine, depressed regulatory lymphocytes lost through functions of the lymphatic system may cause illnesses following immune deficiency. Therefore, it is imperative to provide effective and active medical care for chyluria patients. The purpose of surgical treatment is to eliminate lymphatic fistula and decrease intralymphatic pressure. We recently performed retroperitoneoscopic renal pedical lymphatic disconnection for 78 cases of chyluria patients in our hospital between April 2003 and June 2007. We herein summarize our experience as follows.展开更多
An edge-cut of an edge-colored connected graph is called a rainbow cut if no two edges in the edge-cut are colored the same.An edge-colored graph is rainbow disconnected if for any two distinct vertices u and v of the...An edge-cut of an edge-colored connected graph is called a rainbow cut if no two edges in the edge-cut are colored the same.An edge-colored graph is rainbow disconnected if for any two distinct vertices u and v of the graph,there exists a rainbow cut separating u and v.For a connected graph G,the rainbow disconnection number of G,denoted by rd(G),is defined as the smallest number of colors required to make G rainbow disconnected.In this paper,we first give some upper bounds for rd(G),and moreover,we completely characterize the graphs which meet the upper bounds of the NordhausGaddum type result obtained early by us.Secondly,we propose a conjecture that for any connected graph G,either rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)or rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)+1,whereλ^(+)(G)is the upper edge-connectivity,and prove that the conjecture holds for many classes of graphs,which supports this conjecture.Moreover,we prove that for an odd integer k,if G is a k-edge-connected k-regular graph,thenχ’(G)=k if and only if rd(G)=k.It implies that there are infinitely many k-edge-connected k-regular graphs G for which rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)for odd k,and also there are infinitely many k-edge-connected k-regular graphs G for which rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)+1 for odd k.For k=3,the result gives rise to an interesting result,which is equivalent to the famous Four-Color Problem.Finally,we give the relationship between rd(G)of a graph G and the rainbow vertex-disconnection number rvd(L(G))of the line graph L(G)of G.展开更多
Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to est...Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to establish correct organization de novo in early developmental stages.DDSs include a number of neuropsychiatric diseases,such as autistic spectrum disorder(ASD)[1,2],which is characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Nevertheless,the exact etiology underlying these“disconnections”and their abnormal developmental trajectory remains largely unclear.Even less known is whether developmental disconnections relevant to autism can be rescued by early intervention thereby preventing neuropsychiatric and repetitive symptoms in later stages.This study addresses these important questions.展开更多
We propose a dual-layer network model that integrates social and familial contexts,consisting of a social interaction layer and a family relationship layer.We design a reputation-based incentive mechanism incorporatin...We propose a dual-layer network model that integrates social and familial contexts,consisting of a social interaction layer and a family relationship layer.We design a reputation-based incentive mechanism incorporating strategy persistenceconsistency to investigate how reputation fosters cooperation.The model features the following aspects:(1)a dynamic disconnection-reconnection mechanism in the social layer,(2)a reputation-enhanced Fermi rule in the family layer,and(3)a refined partitioning of the family network.Simulation results indicate that the disconnection-reconnection parameter(σ)significantly enhances cooperation in the social network;the strategic persistence-consistency influencing factor(α)has a positive impact on cooperation in both layers;and moderately dividing the family network promotes the emergence of cooperation.The research findings facilitate group cooperation in complex networks and offer valuable insights for addressing social dilemmas in the real world.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Education Foundation of Yangzhou,China
文摘AIM: To investigate perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing modified laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (MLSD) with intraoperative autologous cell salvage.
文摘AIM: To investigate perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing modified laparoscopic splenectomy or open splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection for portal hypertension.
基金The Science Fund of Health Bureau of Tianjin,No.2013KZ046
文摘Extensive lesions involving the posterior quadrant of the cerebral hemisphere （temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes） induce intractable epilepsy. These patients are potential candidates for surgical treatmenttu. Maintenance of isolated nerve tissue activity after surgery plays a crucial role in the neuroprotective effects of neurosurgery treatment. Disconnection surgery of the posterior quadrant is used to completely isolate nerve fibers, while blood supply at the isolated lobes is maintained. Subsequently, cavities caused by cystic or necrotic nerve tissues should be reduced as much as possible,
基金the financial support from the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China (2018YFE0306100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51971249)the State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China
文摘First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the structures and energetics of {101n} coherent twin boundaries(CTBs) and glide twin boundaries(GTBs) in hexagonal close-packed(hcp) Ti. The formation mechanism of GTBs and their correlation with twin growth were fundamentally explored. Results suggested that GTBs can form from the gliding of CTBs, through their interaction with basal stacking fault. The gliding eventually restored the CTB structures by forming a pair of single-layer twinning disconnections. The pile-up of twinning disconnections should be responsible for the wide steps at twin boundaries as observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which can further promote twin growth. Possible effects of various alloying elements on pinning twin boundaries were also evaluated, to guide the strengthening design of Ti alloys.
基金support of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071284 and 51771172)support from NSERC Discovery grant(No.RGPIN-05834-2019)。
文摘Grain boundary(GB)mediated deformation is a vital contributor to the plasticity of polycrystalline materials,where the disconnection model has become a widely recognized approach to depict the GB dynamics.However,experimental understanding of the atomistic disconnection dynamics remains scarce.In this case study of gold nanocrystals,atomistic disconnection dynamics governing the shear-coupled migration of flat GBs have been systematically investigated via in situ transmission electron microscopy nanomechanical testing supported by molecular dynamics simulations.Specifically,the site-dependent nucleation,shear-driven propagation,and diverse interactions associated with distinct GB disconnections are systematically elucidated and quantitatively compared.Moreover,the disconnection-mediated GB plasticity proves to prevail among different tilt and mixed GBs in gold.Eventually,a conceptual map of disconnection-mediated GB dynamics is established,which would furnish a unified understanding of GB plasticity in metallic materials.
基金Under the auspices of Nonprofit Environment Protection Specific Project of China(No.201209029-4)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50939001)
文摘Roads are conspicuous components in a river landscape;however,their impacts on river landscape patterns and ecological processes have not been systematically studied at the watershed scale.In this paper,the Lancang River Valley in Yunnan Province,China was selected as a case to study road lateral disconnection and crossing impacts and identify river-road network interaction.This study was primarily focused on the road impacts on soil erosion intensity and patch density by using GIS analysis at different scales and explored their distribution with terrain factors.The results showed that river density revealed spatial autocorrelation although both of the roads and rivers were distributed unevenly in the valley.The lateral road(road curvature≥1.1)proportion correlated with soil erosion intensity(p 0.01)at the small sub-basin scale.Soil erosion intensity decreased with increasing lateral road buffer width.Light erosion generally accounted for a large proportion of the erosion in the lateral road buffer zones(1.0–4.0 km),while higher class lateral roads imposed greater impacts on soil erosion than lower class roads,which primarily had a moderate erosion level.In addition,the results of road-river intersection density indicated that road crossing impacts were significantly correlated with patch density at the small sub-basin scale.Topography factor(percent of slope>25°in each sub-basin had a close relationship with the ratio of total length of road line with curvature value≥1.1 to the total number of intersections.The correlation(p 0.01)between road impacts and terrain factor revealed that topography affected the road impact distribution in the Lancang River Valley.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879161).
文摘The recoil response of a deep-water drilling riser following an ED(Emergency Disconnection)scenario is a transient and sensitive process.The recoiling displacement of the riser is the resultant of recoil motion and axial stretch.How-ever,it is typically represented by one variable in recoil simulations.As axial deformation is quite small compared with axial motion in the recoil process,it inevitably introduces numerical errors(i.e.,a large number annihilating a small number).Thus,it is hard to perform a quantitative analysis of axial deformation,although a consensus initial deformation is essential for recoil dynamics.Moreover,the triggered axial natural modes have never been examined before.In this study,the recoil response is decomposed into two parts:recoil motion and axial deformation,and a novel model is developed by Galerkin method.It has demonstrated that the initial stretch has a significant effect at the initial stage in recoil.The existing models underestimate the effects of axial deformation.The new model can capture information of triggered natural modes and figure out the modes undergoing dynamic compression.This study can be beneficial to overpull setting,determination of ED time and anti-recoil control optimization.
基金supported by grants from the Talent Train-ing Plan of Army Medical University(XZ-2019-505-070)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270687)。
文摘Background:The hepatic artery is the only blood source nourishing the biliary duct and associated with biliary complication after liver transplantation(LT).Gastroduodenal artery(GDA)disconnection increased proper hepatic artery flow.Whether this procedure attenuates biliary non-anastomotic stricture(NAS)is not clear.Methods:A total of 241 patients with LT were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the GDA disconnection(GDA-)and GDA preservation(GDA+)groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was administrated to reduce bias.Logistic regression was conducted to analyze risk factors for biliary NAS before and after PSM.Postoperative complications were compared.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare overall survival.Results:In all,99 patients(41.1%)underwent GDA disconnection,and 49(20.3%)developed NAS.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that GDA preservation(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.11-4.53;P=0.025)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score>15(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.12-4.11;P=0.022)were risk factors for biliary NAS.PSM provided 66 pairs using 1:2 matching method,including 66 GDA disconnection and 99 GDA preservation patients.Multivariate logistic regression after PSM also showed that GDA preservation(OR=3.15,95%CI:1.26-7.89;P=0.014)and MELD score>15(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.08-5.36;P=0.031)were risk factors for NAS.When comparing complications between the two groups,GDA preservation was associated with a higher incidence of biliary NAS before and after PSM(P=0.031 and 0.017,respectively).In contrast,other complications including early allograft dysfunction(P=0.620),small-for-size graft syndrome(P=0.441),abdominal hemorrhage(P=1.000),major complications(Clavien-Dindo grade≥3,P=0.318),and overall survival(P=0.088)were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:GDA disconnection during LT ameliorates biliary NAS incidence and may be recommended for application in clinical practice.
文摘Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.
文摘Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome (IDS), described by Sperry, Gazzaniga and Bogen, is characterized by the presence of visual and tactile anomia, absence of interhemispheric transference of unilateral somatosensory stimulation of both hands, hemialexia and unilateral left-side apraxia. Subsequently, changes were also observed in the sensory interhemispheric transfer and in tests of crossed motor control. In Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) there have been descriptions of partial IDS. The aim is to describe the dissociations in IDS that are presented in a patient with MBD, using a specialized assessment methodology. Patient and Method: A 54-year-old patient, righthanded, with 11 years of schooling, presented with antecedent chronic alcoholism. Neuropsychological tests were administered for general assessment along with specific tests of interhemispheric transference. Results: Borderline changes were found in visual memory, visual-constructive abilities and attention and executive functioning. In tasks of interhemispheric transference the patient showed changes in: the imitation of hand poses;inter-manual pressure point localization (tactile stimulation);reading aloud of words by visual hemifield;and movement control. Conclusion: Our patient showed a wide lesion of the Corpus Callosum (CC) with relative preservation of the splenium, accompanied by partial disconnection syndrome in the context of a global cognitive deterioration from his chronic alcoholism.
文摘The stability and reliability of links in wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors such as the topology of the area, inter-base station or inter-mobile station distances, weather conditions and so on. Link instability in wireless networks has a negative impact on the data throughput and thus, the overall quality of user experience, even in the presence of sufficient bandwidth. An estimation of link quality and link availability duration can drastically increase the performance of these networks, allowing the network or applications to take proactive measures to handle impending disconnections. In this paper we look at a mathematical model for predicting disconnection in wireless networks. This model is originally intended to be implemented in base stations of cellular networks, but is independent of the wireless technology and can thus be applied to different types of networks with minimum changes.
文摘Single-atomic-layer-height disconnections that connect with I1stacking faults are produced on{1011}twin boundaries in pure magnesium through transmutation of basalmixed dislocations across the twin boundaries,and their stabilities are examined using molecular dynamics simulations.The stable configuration for a single-atomic-layer-height disconnection is a pyramidal-basal(PyB)disconnection connecting an I1fault associated with a stacking sequence change of ABACA,or a basal-pyramidal(BPy)disconnection connecting an I_(1)fault associated with a stacking sequence change of BABCB.A stable single-atomic-layer-height disconnection can transform to a less stable single-atomiclayer-height disconnection when its step orientation changes solely.A stable single-atomic-layer-height disconnection can also transform to another stable single-atomic-layer-height disconnection,when the step orientation of the disconnection and the type of the I_(1)fault that connects with the disconnection change synchronously,and this process is accompanied with the emission of a Shockley partial dislocation from the twin boundary.
文摘Trabecular bone disconnection “hotspots” of real termini (ReTm) previously mapped as loci of weakness in the female aging spine and hip may be a source of free-floating cancellous segments found in the medullary space using a bespoke, thick slice histological method for identifying ReTm. A factor in their origin is apparently microdamage proliferation (differentiated by en bloc silver staining) with occasional callus moderation. Validation of similar “floating segments” (FS) in the ex-breeder rat suggested a pilot model for a potentially common phenomenon. Following marrow elution and density fractionation of the isolated floating segments from the whole proximal rat femora, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental microanalysis (EDS) was performed. The eluent contained numbers of vertically truncated, laterally branched floating segments (acute severance of sequential tensile cross-struts, causing chronic compression overload of axial-struts, with ii) inadequate stabilising callus, facilitating ReTm stacking into predetermined, substructural “crumple zones” of force containment, spheroidal attrition and particulate dissociation. As a catabolic outcome of altered tensile and hormonal influence, FS number may add a novel variable to cancellous bone kinetics particularly in women of relevance to fracture predisposition.
文摘Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.
基金the support of Intelie Soucoes em Informáica LTDA
文摘In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disconnect sequence （EDS） available. A solution was developed based on the characteristics of the rigs and blowout preventers （BOPs）, and six variables were considered that directly affect the choice of EDS. All possible combinations of 64 scenarios were analyzed, and the priority of choice of the EDS was defined empirically. This paper presents an approach to EDS risk management and examples of exposure time （time without riser safety margin and shear capability） for the same well, which can be lowered from 13% to 0.1%. The impact of this reduction is related to the ability of the BOP to cut some of the heavy casings, in addition to improved availability of EDS modes. This implementation opened up many possibilities for the performance of risk exposure analysis, enabling comparison of several BOP configurations of contracted rigs and selection of the best options. This innovative approach allowed a better management of the rig schedules, prioritizing safety aspects and making it possible to allocate the fleet in a systematic way.
文摘With internet and smartphone usage increasing every year,seniors are being exposed to digital media,either actively or passively.To better integrate into the information society for the elderly,efforts are also needed to clarify the causes of their digital disconnection and develop appropriate solutions.In this study,semi-structured interviews are utilized to investigate the self-adjustment and external intervention of the elderly in the age of digital media and to explore the ways,causes,and effects of digital disconnection of the elderly.The focus issue of this study is to clarify the subjective and objective factors of digital disconnection,especially cognitive problems,group influences,and technological access barriers in the elderly population concerning digital devices and the Internet.
文摘Chyluria is a disease that may severely debilitate a patient＇s health condition. Some investigations have indicated that in patients with chyluria, part of the uptake fat and protein leaks from the urine.Thus, recurrent chyluria may result in malnutrition. In addition, with nearly one half of the body＇s the urine, depressed regulatory lymphocytes lost through functions of the lymphatic system may cause illnesses following immune deficiency. Therefore, it is imperative to provide effective and active medical care for chyluria patients. The purpose of surgical treatment is to eliminate lymphatic fistula and decrease intralymphatic pressure. We recently performed retroperitoneoscopic renal pedical lymphatic disconnection for 78 cases of chyluria patients in our hospital between April 2003 and June 2007. We herein summarize our experience as follows.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11871034)。
文摘An edge-cut of an edge-colored connected graph is called a rainbow cut if no two edges in the edge-cut are colored the same.An edge-colored graph is rainbow disconnected if for any two distinct vertices u and v of the graph,there exists a rainbow cut separating u and v.For a connected graph G,the rainbow disconnection number of G,denoted by rd(G),is defined as the smallest number of colors required to make G rainbow disconnected.In this paper,we first give some upper bounds for rd(G),and moreover,we completely characterize the graphs which meet the upper bounds of the NordhausGaddum type result obtained early by us.Secondly,we propose a conjecture that for any connected graph G,either rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)or rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)+1,whereλ^(+)(G)is the upper edge-connectivity,and prove that the conjecture holds for many classes of graphs,which supports this conjecture.Moreover,we prove that for an odd integer k,if G is a k-edge-connected k-regular graph,thenχ’(G)=k if and only if rd(G)=k.It implies that there are infinitely many k-edge-connected k-regular graphs G for which rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)for odd k,and also there are infinitely many k-edge-connected k-regular graphs G for which rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)+1 for odd k.For k=3,the result gives rise to an interesting result,which is equivalent to the famous Four-Color Problem.Finally,we give the relationship between rd(G)of a graph G and the rainbow vertex-disconnection number rvd(L(G))of the line graph L(G)of G.
基金support JCS,QX,and BQ,as well as covering all experimental and material costs for this project,NIH/NIMH R01 MH094360-06(HWD)grant to support HX,MZ,Lei Gao,Lin Gou,HH and HWD.
文摘Dear Editors,The term“developmental disconnection syndromes”(DDSs)was first coined by Geshwind and Levitt in 2007[1]to describe the weakening of already formed connections or an absence of certain connections to establish correct organization de novo in early developmental stages.DDSs include a number of neuropsychiatric diseases,such as autistic spectrum disorder(ASD)[1,2],which is characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Nevertheless,the exact etiology underlying these“disconnections”and their abnormal developmental trajectory remains largely unclear.Even less known is whether developmental disconnections relevant to autism can be rescued by early intervention thereby preventing neuropsychiatric and repetitive symptoms in later stages.This study addresses these important questions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72001207)。
文摘We propose a dual-layer network model that integrates social and familial contexts,consisting of a social interaction layer and a family relationship layer.We design a reputation-based incentive mechanism incorporating strategy persistenceconsistency to investigate how reputation fosters cooperation.The model features the following aspects:(1)a dynamic disconnection-reconnection mechanism in the social layer,(2)a reputation-enhanced Fermi rule in the family layer,and(3)a refined partitioning of the family network.Simulation results indicate that the disconnection-reconnection parameter(σ)significantly enhances cooperation in the social network;the strategic persistence-consistency influencing factor(α)has a positive impact on cooperation in both layers;and moderately dividing the family network promotes the emergence of cooperation.The research findings facilitate group cooperation in complex networks and offer valuable insights for addressing social dilemmas in the real world.
