Globally, business administration is a young and active discipline with rapid development in the higher education system. It originated in Europe, flourished in the United States and spread around the world. The histo...Globally, business administration is a young and active discipline with rapid development in the higher education system. It originated in Europe, flourished in the United States and spread around the world. The history of business administration is measured by the three basic functions of higher education and service, scientific research and social service for more than 70 years. As a whole, its scientific nature (the attribute of studying general principles) is lower than that of most social sciences, but higher than that of most humanistic fields. Under different social and cultural backgrounds, the development in the field of business administration indicates the coexistence of interrelation and diversity. Therefore, it is not easy to summarize the development law in the field of business administration.展开更多
Our paper presents an interactive four-dimensional model for studying the long- and short-term development of the communication discipline with Israel serving as a case study： institutional-contextual, institutional-...Our paper presents an interactive four-dimensional model for studying the long- and short-term development of the communication discipline with Israel serving as a case study： institutional-contextual, institutional-in-field, intellectual-contextual, and intellectual-in-field. Our empirical analysis utilized personal interviews, archive documents, and statistical data. Four main processes were discerned： transition from integration to alienation between institutions of higher learning and the larger political and ideological context; a shift from Hebrew University Institute of Communication＇s institutional monopoly to a multiplicity of increasingly competitive communication schools/departments; transition from intellectual hegemony to limited intellectual diversity; and gradually improving status for the communication field among social science disciplines. Our case-study analysis validated the interactive relationship among the model＇s conceptual dimensions, calling for future cross-national comparisons.展开更多
The CAS, as a national comprehensive research and development (R&D) center for natural science and high technology with numerous researchers of a high quality in almost all disciplines, plays a decisive role in th...The CAS, as a national comprehensive research and development (R&D) center for natural science and high technology with numerous researchers of a high quality in almost all disciplines, plays a decisive role in the development of this country’s science and technology. Based on the trend of China’s development in the period of its Ninth Five-Year Plan and in the next century, this article analyzes the trends of science and technology of China in combination with the current readjustment in the constitution of science disciplines in the CAS.展开更多
In this coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic prevention and control battle,Chinese medicine has demonstrated the unique advantages of Chinese medicine and has made important contributions to global epidemic prev...In this coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic prevention and control battle,Chinese medicine has demonstrated the unique advantages of Chinese medicine and has made important contributions to global epidemic prevention and control.At the same time,the epidemic is also a concentrated test of the medical education system of Chinese medicine.There are insufficient public health and integrated Chinese and western medicine talents in the discipline development of Chinese medicine colleges,and the ability of Chinese medicine to prevent and treat infectious diseases needs to be improved.Infectious disease discipline system is not perfect and many other problems.This article puts forward new thoughts and suggestions on the problems and challenges existing in the discipline development of traditional Chinese medicine schools,and provides countermeasures and references for the next discipline development of traditional Chinese medicine schools in the“post-epidemic era”.展开更多
With the development of cutting-edge sciences and new technologies,we have to consider the size,the density,the hardness,the stiffness and other properties of engineering materials and structures beyond the convention...With the development of cutting-edge sciences and new technologies,we have to consider the size,the density,the hardness,the stiffness and other properties of engineering materials and structures beyond the conventional ranges,as well as their mechanical behavior in extreme environments,such as ultra-conventional temperature,speed,physical and chemical fields,and severe weather,and more effective theories and methods of mechanics are required.This paper first gives the fundamental definition and the scientific connotation of extreme mechanics,then reviews the studies of extreme mechanics from three aspects:the extreme properties,the extreme loads,and the discipline development,as well as major engineering and scientific challenges.The characteristics of extreme mechanics and major challenges in the aspects of mechanical theory,computational methods and experimental techniques are discussed.Prospectivei developments of extreme mechanics are suggested.展开更多
The development of oral orthodontic disciplines of Jinzhou Medical College Department of Oral Zhang Yuxia any subject development and other disciplines are closely related to the development of orthodontics is no exce...The development of oral orthodontic disciplines of Jinzhou Medical College Department of Oral Zhang Yuxia any subject development and other disciplines are closely related to the development of orthodontics is no exception, which can be obtained from its development process prove. Initially used to treat orthodontic patients with precious metals, because of the expensive, very few people acceptable. Later, materials scientists and orthodontists through.展开更多
Background and Objectives:To investigate the capacity of clinical nutrition services in secondary and tertiary hospitals in the Sichuan Province,China.Methods and Study Design:Convenience sampling was used.Equestionna...Background and Objectives:To investigate the capacity of clinical nutrition services in secondary and tertiary hospitals in the Sichuan Province,China.Methods and Study Design:Convenience sampling was used.Equestionnaires were distributed to all eligible medical institutions in Sichuan through the official network of provincial and municipal clinical nutrition quality control centers.The data obtained were sorted in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by SPSS.Results:A total of 519 questionnaires were returned,of which 455 were valid.Only 228 hospitals were accessible to clinical nutrition services,of which 127 hospitals had independently set up clinical nutrition departments(CNDs).The ratio of clinical nutritionists to beds was 1:214.During the last decade,the rate of constructing new CNDs was maintained at approximately 5 units/year.A total of 72.4%of hospitals managed their clinical nutrition units as part of their medical technology departments.The specialist number ratio of senior,associate,intermediate and junior is approximately 1:4:8:10.There were 5 common charges for clinical nutrition.Conclusions:The sample representation was limited,and the capacity of clinical nutrition services may have been overestimated.Secondary and tertiary hospitals in Sichuan are currently in the second high tide of department establishment,with a positive trend of departmental affiliation standardization and a basic formation of a talent echelon.展开更多
Educational philosophy in China during the 20th century started with the introduction of John Dewey’s educational philosophy thoughts,followed by the dissemination of Marxism thoughts of education,and initially estab...Educational philosophy in China during the 20th century started with the introduction of John Dewey’s educational philosophy thoughts,followed by the dissemination of Marxism thoughts of education,and initially established the framework of educational philosophy as an academic discipline.After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,especially during the 1980s,under the guidance of Marxism,the discipline of educational philosophy has been maturing.While exploring China’s history of educational philosophy,this article also covers contemporary Western development.Future trends of this discipline include extending specific fields of research,increasing internationalization of research,enhancing the functions of both critique and guiding ideals of educational philosophy.展开更多
文摘Globally, business administration is a young and active discipline with rapid development in the higher education system. It originated in Europe, flourished in the United States and spread around the world. The history of business administration is measured by the three basic functions of higher education and service, scientific research and social service for more than 70 years. As a whole, its scientific nature (the attribute of studying general principles) is lower than that of most social sciences, but higher than that of most humanistic fields. Under different social and cultural backgrounds, the development in the field of business administration indicates the coexistence of interrelation and diversity. Therefore, it is not easy to summarize the development law in the field of business administration.
文摘Our paper presents an interactive four-dimensional model for studying the long- and short-term development of the communication discipline with Israel serving as a case study： institutional-contextual, institutional-in-field, intellectual-contextual, and intellectual-in-field. Our empirical analysis utilized personal interviews, archive documents, and statistical data. Four main processes were discerned： transition from integration to alienation between institutions of higher learning and the larger political and ideological context; a shift from Hebrew University Institute of Communication＇s institutional monopoly to a multiplicity of increasingly competitive communication schools/departments; transition from intellectual hegemony to limited intellectual diversity; and gradually improving status for the communication field among social science disciplines. Our case-study analysis validated the interactive relationship among the model＇s conceptual dimensions, calling for future cross-national comparisons.
文摘The CAS, as a national comprehensive research and development (R&D) center for natural science and high technology with numerous researchers of a high quality in almost all disciplines, plays a decisive role in the development of this country’s science and technology. Based on the trend of China’s development in the period of its Ninth Five-Year Plan and in the next century, this article analyzes the trends of science and technology of China in combination with the current readjustment in the constitution of science disciplines in the CAS.
基金This study was supported by the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Project(No.2019SK029)Research on the Development Strategy of Chinese Medicine Schools under the Background of“Double First Class”and the Tianjin Enterprise Science and Technology Commissioner Project(No.19JCTPJC58500)Overseas Chinese Medicine Products under the Background of“One Belt and One Road”Register for research.
文摘In this coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic prevention and control battle,Chinese medicine has demonstrated the unique advantages of Chinese medicine and has made important contributions to global epidemic prevention and control.At the same time,the epidemic is also a concentrated test of the medical education system of Chinese medicine.There are insufficient public health and integrated Chinese and western medicine talents in the discipline development of Chinese medicine colleges,and the ability of Chinese medicine to prevent and treat infectious diseases needs to be improved.Infectious disease discipline system is not perfect and many other problems.This article puts forward new thoughts and suggestions on the problems and challenges existing in the discipline development of traditional Chinese medicine schools,and provides countermeasures and references for the next discipline development of traditional Chinese medicine schools in the“post-epidemic era”.
文摘With the development of cutting-edge sciences and new technologies,we have to consider the size,the density,the hardness,the stiffness and other properties of engineering materials and structures beyond the conventional ranges,as well as their mechanical behavior in extreme environments,such as ultra-conventional temperature,speed,physical and chemical fields,and severe weather,and more effective theories and methods of mechanics are required.This paper first gives the fundamental definition and the scientific connotation of extreme mechanics,then reviews the studies of extreme mechanics from three aspects:the extreme properties,the extreme loads,and the discipline development,as well as major engineering and scientific challenges.The characteristics of extreme mechanics and major challenges in the aspects of mechanical theory,computational methods and experimental techniques are discussed.Prospectivei developments of extreme mechanics are suggested.
文摘The development of oral orthodontic disciplines of Jinzhou Medical College Department of Oral Zhang Yuxia any subject development and other disciplines are closely related to the development of orthodontics is no exception, which can be obtained from its development process prove. Initially used to treat orthodontic patients with precious metals, because of the expensive, very few people acceptable. Later, materials scientists and orthodontists through.
基金supported by the Operating expenses of quality control center from Health Commission of Sichuan Province(TJCZ2016003)Key R&D Projects of Sichuan Science and Technology Bureau,the Construction and Transformation of Comprehensive Evaluation Index system for rational use of Food for Special Medical Purposes in Medical institutions(2021YFS0177).
文摘Background and Objectives:To investigate the capacity of clinical nutrition services in secondary and tertiary hospitals in the Sichuan Province,China.Methods and Study Design:Convenience sampling was used.Equestionnaires were distributed to all eligible medical institutions in Sichuan through the official network of provincial and municipal clinical nutrition quality control centers.The data obtained were sorted in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by SPSS.Results:A total of 519 questionnaires were returned,of which 455 were valid.Only 228 hospitals were accessible to clinical nutrition services,of which 127 hospitals had independently set up clinical nutrition departments(CNDs).The ratio of clinical nutritionists to beds was 1:214.During the last decade,the rate of constructing new CNDs was maintained at approximately 5 units/year.A total of 72.4%of hospitals managed their clinical nutrition units as part of their medical technology departments.The specialist number ratio of senior,associate,intermediate and junior is approximately 1:4:8:10.There were 5 common charges for clinical nutrition.Conclusions:The sample representation was limited,and the capacity of clinical nutrition services may have been overestimated.Secondary and tertiary hospitals in Sichuan are currently in the second high tide of department establishment,with a positive trend of departmental affiliation standardization and a basic formation of a talent echelon.
文摘Educational philosophy in China during the 20th century started with the introduction of John Dewey’s educational philosophy thoughts,followed by the dissemination of Marxism thoughts of education,and initially established the framework of educational philosophy as an academic discipline.After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,especially during the 1980s,under the guidance of Marxism,the discipline of educational philosophy has been maturing.While exploring China’s history of educational philosophy,this article also covers contemporary Western development.Future trends of this discipline include extending specific fields of research,increasing internationalization of research,enhancing the functions of both critique and guiding ideals of educational philosophy.
