Highways in mountainous areas are easy to be damaged by such natural disasters as debris flows and landslides and disaster reduction decision support system (DRDSS) is one of the important means to mitigate these disa...Highways in mountainous areas are easy to be damaged by such natural disasters as debris flows and landslides and disaster reduction decision support system (DRDSS) is one of the important means to mitigate these disasters. Guided by the theories and technologies of debris flow and landslide reduction and supported by geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing and database techniques, a DRDSS against debris flow and landslide along highways in mountainous areas has been established on the basis of such principles as pertinence, systematicness, effectiveness, easy to use, open and expandability. The system consists of database, disaster analysis models and decisions on reduction of debris flows and landslides, mainly functioning to zone disaster dangerous degree, analyze debris flow activity, simulate debris flow deposition and diffusion, analyze landslide stability, select optimal highway renovation scheme and plan disaster prevention and control engineering. This system has been applied successfully to the debris flow and landslide treatment works along Palongzangbu Section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway.展开更多
No matter whether a system is operated manually or automatically controlled by computer, the system’s vulnerability always exists. Earthquake Disaster Reduction System (EDRS) belongs to the category of information sy...No matter whether a system is operated manually or automatically controlled by computer, the system’s vulnerability always exists. Earthquake Disaster Reduction System (EDRS) belongs to the category of information system. According to the features of security for EDRS, the steps and the methods on how to build the EDRS security were analyzed. The EDRS security features, security strategies and security measures were also given through a distributed EDRS skeleton that has been applied. Because there was still no appointed and authoritative agency or organization to certify and test EDRS security in China, a national information technology security certification center was introduced and suggested for the certification of the EDRS security. Finally, several discussions and tendencies for the EDRS development were presented.展开更多
Through investigation on the international development trend of earthquake disaster reduction system(EDRS)researches,a well finished Daqing Oilfield EDRS is introduced.Based on the PC System,redevelopment of the EDRS ...Through investigation on the international development trend of earthquake disaster reduction system(EDRS)researches,a well finished Daqing Oilfield EDRS is introduced.Based on the PC System,redevelopment of the EDRS skeleton is well discussed,including the technical skeleton,function composition,structures of software and hardware,redevelopment languages,database,and remote linking and calling of analysis modules.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that extending and utilizing the function of remote sensing information on the basis of the current distributed EDRS skeleton will become another study direction of EDRS.展开更多
For meeting the need of rapid development of economy in Shanghai and the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the mega city, it is necessary to build a information system for emergence decision on t...For meeting the need of rapid development of economy in Shanghai and the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the mega city, it is necessary to build a information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the city. In this paper, GIS is applied to 'the information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City (Baoshan experiment region)'. We introduce to the structure and effect of each functional module in this information system. This information system consists of 7 functional modules:background information of seismology and geology, subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake, subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence, information query, maintenance and management of system, help, quit. The key parts of this information system are the subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake and the subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence. Also, this paper introduces to the application of technology of color infra-red aerial photograph remote sensing to this information system.展开更多
Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingne...Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.展开更多
According to actual features of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture,an evaluation indicator system of farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture comp...According to actual features of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture,an evaluation indicator system of farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture composed of five first-grade indicators containing 18 second-grade indicators was established firstly,and then a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of farmers' satisfaction was set up. Finally,farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture in two counties and one district of Hubei Province was evaluated by the model. The results show that farmers are satisfied with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture on the whole,but farmers' satisfaction with openness about funds for disaster reduction,supply structure of public goods,work attitude and work efficiency is at a general level. Some suggestions about the four aspects were proposed,such as improving supervisory mechanisms to increase funding transparency,making information channels unblocked to improve the supply efficiency of public goods for disaster reduction,and improving the quality of government workers to increase their work efficiency.展开更多
The flood prevention and mitigation construction of a reservoir is carried out in a river channel, which is greatly affected by flood. According to the construction schedule, the annual flood standard of 5-year flood ...The flood prevention and mitigation construction of a reservoir is carried out in a river channel, which is greatly affected by flood. According to the construction schedule, the annual flood standard of 5-year flood diversion is selected at the initial stage. The corresponding peak flow is 109m3/s, and cofferdam is used to retain water and open diversion channel is flooded. Before the flood season, the upstream cofferdam must reach the elevation of 1043.70 m to reach the flood control standard, and the diversion open channel must reach the flood discharge condition. Therefore, the height of the cofferdam should be raised and drainage measures should be taken to prevent the flood control system of the waterway from being ineffective when the flood disaster occurs. Because the rainy season at the location of the reservoir is long and the rainfall is very abundant, especially the occasional local rainstorm occurs frequently. At the same time, the area is mostly high mountain area and the planting vegetation is difficult to completely resist the rainy season in the area. Therefore, the local rainstorm should be analyzed and the flood control plan should be formulated to avoid the impact of natural disasters such as mud-rock flow and other natural disasters affecting the construction progress and operation. The main content of this paper is how to reduce the flood disaster in flood season and provide some methods for the construction work in flood season.展开更多
Despite the increasing global emphasis on decentralized disaster risk reduction(DRR),the capacity of local institutions to implement eff ective risk governance strategies remains inconsistent and often inadequate.This...Despite the increasing global emphasis on decentralized disaster risk reduction(DRR),the capacity of local institutions to implement eff ective risk governance strategies remains inconsistent and often inadequate.This study conducted a comparative analysis of institutional vulnerability at the municipal level in two hazard-prone regions:Teziutlán,Mexico,and Tola,Nicaragua.It employed comparative case study methods alongside structured surveys administered to local DRR actors.An integrated analytical framework was used,synthesizing the Pressure and Release model,the Forensic Investigations of Disasters approach,the MOVE framework,and the Institutional Analysis and Development model.The research identified key institutional vulnerabilities,including preparedness,coordination,information access,infrastructure,legal enforcement,climate integration,and informal governance.The findings indicate that the deficiencies within these institutions are not merely technical but are significantly influenced by systemic disparities in power,resource allocation,and political stability.Both municipalities exhibit notable gaps between formal DRR mandates and their operational implementation,reflecting a structural disjunction between institutions articulated in policy(institutions-in-form)and those in practice(institutions-inuse).The study concluded that eff ectively addressing institutional vulnerability necessitates transitioning from compliancedriven reforms towards integrated strategies that foster institutional learning,enhance cross-sectoral coordination,promote climate adaptation,and acknowledge informal and community-based governance structures.These findings off er policyrelevant insights for national and regional policymakers seeking to strengthen the institutional foundations of local DRR implementation within Latin America and comparable decentralized governance contexts.展开更多
This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis,...This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis, it aims to elaborate the significance of relevant disaster risk reduction (DRR) content in school curriculum to prepare youths for disaster response and recovery. It elaborates the nature of the current DRR content covered in curricula and textbooks and provides suggestions to address the identified disaster-related issues in the school curriculum. It further elaborates that incorporation of local and contextualised DRR content in school curricula contributes to the establishment of the “culture of resilience” in disaster prone context like Nepal. It concludes that more organised and holistic approach is essential to develop disaster and management knowledge, skills and attitudes to youths.展开更多
Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using t...Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using the sociological disciplinary framework in a detailed qualitative case study of three schools as they responded to the devastating Gorakha earthquake in 2015 and other disasters in Nepal. This paper considers the three sub-disciplines of sociology: the sociology of disaster, the sociology of education and the sociology of education governance in a development context. These sub-disciplines are nested together to analyse social, political and historical factors and their relationships which are helpful to identify risks and vulnerabilities in the education sector in Nepal. These are the major areas to explore the disaster context and needs of context-specific education acts (hereafter DRR education) to minimise the potential risks of disasters. The article concludes that the social disciplinary framework is significantly useful to analyse DRR education provisions and implications of education governance to mobilise school in disaster preparedness, response and recovery.展开更多
At first glance(一瞥),10-year-old B.Kenit from the coastal town of Visakhapatnam in India looks like any other school-going child,but there is more than meets the eye.Inspired by a tsunami drill conducted in his schoo...At first glance(一瞥),10-year-old B.Kenit from the coastal town of Visakhapatnam in India looks like any other school-going child,but there is more than meets the eye.Inspired by a tsunami drill conducted in his school when he was eight,the third grader be-came a Disaster Risk Reduction(DRR)advocate,educating his fel-low students and community members on early warning,evacua-tion,and search and rescue.展开更多
Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interr...Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interrelationships between Integrated Landslide Disaster Risk Management(ILDRiM)and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),advancing a systemsbased understanding of landslide risk as a socially constructed and development-driven phenomenon.Drawing on a narrative literature review and a Design Structure Matrix(DSM),the research identifies eight critical drivers of landslide disaster risk:deforestation,climate change,urbanisation,infrastructure development,community vulnerability,exposure to landslides,ineffective governance,and lack of scientific integration into policymaking.The DSM framework systematically maps these drivers against the 17 SDGs to evaluate the nature and strength of their interactions.The analysis reveals significant synergies,where addressing specific drivers supports multiple SDGs,and trade-offs,where risk reduction efforts may inadvertently hinder other development objectives if not implemented inclusively and strategically.Findings underscore the transformative potential of embedding ILDRiM within national and local development frameworks.Prioritising governance reform,scientific innovation,and resilient infrastructure(SDGs 16,17,and 9)is particularly effective for advancing landslide risk reduction while supporting broader sustainability outcomes.The study also highlights the need for anticipatory,cross-sectoral,and community-driven approaches to risk governance.This research offers actionable insights for policymakers,practitioners,and researchers seeking to align disaster risk management with sustainable development planning.It proposes a novel methodology for assessing systemic interlinkages between disaster risk drivers and the SDGs.It calls for further research to refine data integration,address context-specific risks,and strengthen the evidence base for risk-informed development.By operationalising ILDRiM through the SDG framework,this study supports creating more resilient,equitable,and sustainable communities in landslide-prone regions.展开更多
This study introduces antifragility as a transformative lens for disaster risk governance,shifting emphasis from restoration to disruption-induced improvement of systems.We distill six principles for operationalizing ...This study introduces antifragility as a transformative lens for disaster risk governance,shifting emphasis from restoration to disruption-induced improvement of systems.We distill six principles for operationalizing antifragility in disaster risk reduction contexts and delineate ethical,systemic,and learning-based implications for future resilience.Together,these elements reframe disaster risk governance as dynamic,adaptive,and self-reinforcing amid compounding climate risks.展开更多
How to allocate and use resources play a crucial role in disaster reduction and risk governance(DRRG).The challenge comes largely from two aspects: the resources available for allocation are usually limited in quantit...How to allocate and use resources play a crucial role in disaster reduction and risk governance(DRRG).The challenge comes largely from two aspects: the resources available for allocation are usually limited in quantity; and the multiple stakeholders involved in DRRG often have conflicting interests in the allocation of these limited resources. Therefore resource allocation in DRRG can be formulated as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem(MOOP). The Pareto front is a key concept in resolving a MOOP, and it is associated with the complete set of optimal solutions. However, most existing methods for solving a MOOPs only calculate a part or an approximation of the Pareto front, and thus can hardly provide the most effective or accurate support to decisionmakers in DRRG. This article introduces a new method whose goal is to find the complete Pareto front that resolves the resource allocation optimization problem in DRRG.The theoretical conditions needed to guarantee finding a complete Pareto front are given and a practicable, ripplespreading algorithm is developed to calculate the complete Pareto front. A resource allocation problem of risk governance in agriculture is then used as a case study to test the applicability and reliability of the proposed method. The results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency when compared with traditional methods.展开更多
ith urban reformation and opening becoming deeper,the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would be more important.In this paper,some ideas are suggested about establishing the information syst...ith urban reformation and opening becoming deeper,the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would be more important.In this paper,some ideas are suggested about establishing the information system for emergency decisions on protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in cities .The information system mainly includes a subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake (which includes input of seismic information,distribution of earthquake intensity,evaluation of seismic fragility on all social factors and etc.) and a subsystem for the decisive information of seismic emergency(which mainly includes project of disaster relief,project of personnel evacuation,dangerous degree warning for the dangerous articlesstoring places and protection measures against them,assistant decision on fire due to earthquake,location of headquarter for providing disaster relief,and etc.). It is thought that the data investigation and collection about all kinds of buildings(including lifeline engineering)are the most important and difficult work as establishing this system.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protec...This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.展开更多
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(90202007)
文摘Highways in mountainous areas are easy to be damaged by such natural disasters as debris flows and landslides and disaster reduction decision support system (DRDSS) is one of the important means to mitigate these disasters. Guided by the theories and technologies of debris flow and landslide reduction and supported by geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing and database techniques, a DRDSS against debris flow and landslide along highways in mountainous areas has been established on the basis of such principles as pertinence, systematicness, effectiveness, easy to use, open and expandability. The system consists of database, disaster analysis models and decisions on reduction of debris flows and landslides, mainly functioning to zone disaster dangerous degree, analyze debris flow activity, simulate debris flow deposition and diffusion, analyze landslide stability, select optimal highway renovation scheme and plan disaster prevention and control engineering. This system has been applied successfully to the debris flow and landslide treatment works along Palongzangbu Section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway.
文摘No matter whether a system is operated manually or automatically controlled by computer, the system’s vulnerability always exists. Earthquake Disaster Reduction System (EDRS) belongs to the category of information system. According to the features of security for EDRS, the steps and the methods on how to build the EDRS security were analyzed. The EDRS security features, security strategies and security measures were also given through a distributed EDRS skeleton that has been applied. Because there was still no appointed and authoritative agency or organization to certify and test EDRS security in China, a national information technology security certification center was introduced and suggested for the certification of the EDRS security. Finally, several discussions and tendencies for the EDRS development were presented.
基金Sponsored by the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs (Grant No. 2006BAC13B02)the Returned Study Overseas Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No. LC06C37)Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration Science Foundation (Grant No. 2006B04)
文摘Through investigation on the international development trend of earthquake disaster reduction system(EDRS)researches,a well finished Daqing Oilfield EDRS is introduced.Based on the PC System,redevelopment of the EDRS skeleton is well discussed,including the technical skeleton,function composition,structures of software and hardware,redevelopment languages,database,and remote linking and calling of analysis modules.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that extending and utilizing the function of remote sensing information on the basis of the current distributed EDRS skeleton will become another study direction of EDRS.
基金Science and Technology Development Fund Item of Shanghai !(962512006).
文摘For meeting the need of rapid development of economy in Shanghai and the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the mega city, it is necessary to build a information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the city. In this paper, GIS is applied to 'the information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City (Baoshan experiment region)'. We introduce to the structure and effect of each functional module in this information system. This information system consists of 7 functional modules:background information of seismology and geology, subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake, subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence, information query, maintenance and management of system, help, quit. The key parts of this information system are the subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake and the subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence. Also, this paper introduces to the application of technology of color infra-red aerial photograph remote sensing to this information system.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation Item(71373098)
文摘Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.
文摘According to actual features of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture,an evaluation indicator system of farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture composed of five first-grade indicators containing 18 second-grade indicators was established firstly,and then a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of farmers' satisfaction was set up. Finally,farmers' satisfaction with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture in two counties and one district of Hubei Province was evaluated by the model. The results show that farmers are satisfied with the supply of public goods for disaster reduction in agriculture on the whole,but farmers' satisfaction with openness about funds for disaster reduction,supply structure of public goods,work attitude and work efficiency is at a general level. Some suggestions about the four aspects were proposed,such as improving supervisory mechanisms to increase funding transparency,making information channels unblocked to improve the supply efficiency of public goods for disaster reduction,and improving the quality of government workers to increase their work efficiency.
文摘The flood prevention and mitigation construction of a reservoir is carried out in a river channel, which is greatly affected by flood. According to the construction schedule, the annual flood standard of 5-year flood diversion is selected at the initial stage. The corresponding peak flow is 109m3/s, and cofferdam is used to retain water and open diversion channel is flooded. Before the flood season, the upstream cofferdam must reach the elevation of 1043.70 m to reach the flood control standard, and the diversion open channel must reach the flood discharge condition. Therefore, the height of the cofferdam should be raised and drainage measures should be taken to prevent the flood control system of the waterway from being ineffective when the flood disaster occurs. Because the rainy season at the location of the reservoir is long and the rainfall is very abundant, especially the occasional local rainstorm occurs frequently. At the same time, the area is mostly high mountain area and the planting vegetation is difficult to completely resist the rainy season in the area. Therefore, the local rainstorm should be analyzed and the flood control plan should be formulated to avoid the impact of natural disasters such as mud-rock flow and other natural disasters affecting the construction progress and operation. The main content of this paper is how to reduce the flood disaster in flood season and provide some methods for the construction work in flood season.
基金the support of the National Council of Humanities,Sciences,and Technologies(CONAHCYT)for awarding a student fellowship to Gema Velásquez-EspinozaDGAPA-UNAM for the financial support provided through Project PAPIIT IN300823。
文摘Despite the increasing global emphasis on decentralized disaster risk reduction(DRR),the capacity of local institutions to implement eff ective risk governance strategies remains inconsistent and often inadequate.This study conducted a comparative analysis of institutional vulnerability at the municipal level in two hazard-prone regions:Teziutlán,Mexico,and Tola,Nicaragua.It employed comparative case study methods alongside structured surveys administered to local DRR actors.An integrated analytical framework was used,synthesizing the Pressure and Release model,the Forensic Investigations of Disasters approach,the MOVE framework,and the Institutional Analysis and Development model.The research identified key institutional vulnerabilities,including preparedness,coordination,information access,infrastructure,legal enforcement,climate integration,and informal governance.The findings indicate that the deficiencies within these institutions are not merely technical but are significantly influenced by systemic disparities in power,resource allocation,and political stability.Both municipalities exhibit notable gaps between formal DRR mandates and their operational implementation,reflecting a structural disjunction between institutions articulated in policy(institutions-in-form)and those in practice(institutions-inuse).The study concluded that eff ectively addressing institutional vulnerability necessitates transitioning from compliancedriven reforms towards integrated strategies that foster institutional learning,enhance cross-sectoral coordination,promote climate adaptation,and acknowledge informal and community-based governance structures.These findings off er policyrelevant insights for national and regional policymakers seeking to strengthen the institutional foundations of local DRR implementation within Latin America and comparable decentralized governance contexts.
文摘This study draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools that practise disaster risk reduction (DRR) education initiatives in their curriculum in Nepal. Using curriculum mapping and discourse analysis, it aims to elaborate the significance of relevant disaster risk reduction (DRR) content in school curriculum to prepare youths for disaster response and recovery. It elaborates the nature of the current DRR content covered in curricula and textbooks and provides suggestions to address the identified disaster-related issues in the school curriculum. It further elaborates that incorporation of local and contextualised DRR content in school curricula contributes to the establishment of the “culture of resilience” in disaster prone context like Nepal. It concludes that more organised and holistic approach is essential to develop disaster and management knowledge, skills and attitudes to youths.
文摘Disaster is a social phenomenon. The occurrence and impacts of disasters including the education sector can be studied through a social problem lens. This paper draws meaning and understanding of DRR education using the sociological disciplinary framework in a detailed qualitative case study of three schools as they responded to the devastating Gorakha earthquake in 2015 and other disasters in Nepal. This paper considers the three sub-disciplines of sociology: the sociology of disaster, the sociology of education and the sociology of education governance in a development context. These sub-disciplines are nested together to analyse social, political and historical factors and their relationships which are helpful to identify risks and vulnerabilities in the education sector in Nepal. These are the major areas to explore the disaster context and needs of context-specific education acts (hereafter DRR education) to minimise the potential risks of disasters. The article concludes that the social disciplinary framework is significantly useful to analyse DRR education provisions and implications of education governance to mobilise school in disaster preparedness, response and recovery.
文摘At first glance(一瞥),10-year-old B.Kenit from the coastal town of Visakhapatnam in India looks like any other school-going child,but there is more than meets the eye.Inspired by a tsunami drill conducted in his school when he was eight,the third grader be-came a Disaster Risk Reduction(DRR)advocate,educating his fel-low students and community members on early warning,evacua-tion,and search and rescue.
基金DGAPA-UNAM for providing financial support to conduct landslide risk research through Project PAPIIT IN300823。
文摘Landslides represent a growing global challenge,particularly in mountainous and rapidly urbanising regions where environmental degradation and socio-economic vulnerabilities converge.This study investigates the interrelationships between Integrated Landslide Disaster Risk Management(ILDRiM)and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),advancing a systemsbased understanding of landslide risk as a socially constructed and development-driven phenomenon.Drawing on a narrative literature review and a Design Structure Matrix(DSM),the research identifies eight critical drivers of landslide disaster risk:deforestation,climate change,urbanisation,infrastructure development,community vulnerability,exposure to landslides,ineffective governance,and lack of scientific integration into policymaking.The DSM framework systematically maps these drivers against the 17 SDGs to evaluate the nature and strength of their interactions.The analysis reveals significant synergies,where addressing specific drivers supports multiple SDGs,and trade-offs,where risk reduction efforts may inadvertently hinder other development objectives if not implemented inclusively and strategically.Findings underscore the transformative potential of embedding ILDRiM within national and local development frameworks.Prioritising governance reform,scientific innovation,and resilient infrastructure(SDGs 16,17,and 9)is particularly effective for advancing landslide risk reduction while supporting broader sustainability outcomes.The study also highlights the need for anticipatory,cross-sectoral,and community-driven approaches to risk governance.This research offers actionable insights for policymakers,practitioners,and researchers seeking to align disaster risk management with sustainable development planning.It proposes a novel methodology for assessing systemic interlinkages between disaster risk drivers and the SDGs.It calls for further research to refine data integration,address context-specific risks,and strengthen the evidence base for risk-informed development.By operationalising ILDRiM through the SDG framework,this study supports creating more resilient,equitable,and sustainable communities in landslide-prone regions.
文摘This study introduces antifragility as a transformative lens for disaster risk governance,shifting emphasis from restoration to disruption-induced improvement of systems.We distill six principles for operationalizing antifragility in disaster risk reduction contexts and delineate ethical,systemic,and learning-based implications for future resilience.Together,these elements reframe disaster risk governance as dynamic,adaptive,and self-reinforcing amid compounding climate risks.
基金supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB955404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61472041)+2 种基金the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41321001)the laboratory fund from the State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, China (Grant No. 2015-ZY-05)the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Union (Grant No. PIOF-GA-2011-299725)
文摘How to allocate and use resources play a crucial role in disaster reduction and risk governance(DRRG).The challenge comes largely from two aspects: the resources available for allocation are usually limited in quantity; and the multiple stakeholders involved in DRRG often have conflicting interests in the allocation of these limited resources. Therefore resource allocation in DRRG can be formulated as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem(MOOP). The Pareto front is a key concept in resolving a MOOP, and it is associated with the complete set of optimal solutions. However, most existing methods for solving a MOOPs only calculate a part or an approximation of the Pareto front, and thus can hardly provide the most effective or accurate support to decisionmakers in DRRG. This article introduces a new method whose goal is to find the complete Pareto front that resolves the resource allocation optimization problem in DRRG.The theoretical conditions needed to guarantee finding a complete Pareto front are given and a practicable, ripplespreading algorithm is developed to calculate the complete Pareto front. A resource allocation problem of risk governance in agriculture is then used as a case study to test the applicability and reliability of the proposed method. The results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency when compared with traditional methods.
文摘ith urban reformation and opening becoming deeper,the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would be more important.In this paper,some ideas are suggested about establishing the information system for emergency decisions on protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in cities .The information system mainly includes a subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake (which includes input of seismic information,distribution of earthquake intensity,evaluation of seismic fragility on all social factors and etc.) and a subsystem for the decisive information of seismic emergency(which mainly includes project of disaster relief,project of personnel evacuation,dangerous degree warning for the dangerous articlesstoring places and protection measures against them,assistant decision on fire due to earthquake,location of headquarter for providing disaster relief,and etc.). It is thought that the data investigation and collection about all kinds of buildings(including lifeline engineering)are the most important and difficult work as establishing this system.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3007900)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106204)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Basic Research Program(Natural Science Foundation)(No.BK20220082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271271)the Major Science&Technology Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources(No.SKS-2022025).
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.
