Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster prepar...Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster preparedness awareness remains underexplored. Our study found that 39% of students reported improved awareness after three years, highlighting the need for targeted curriculum enhancements. Purpose: To evaluate changes in disaster preparedness awareness among nursing students over three years of education and identify gaps in current curricula impacting this awareness. Results: Findings indicate that while 39% of students showed improved awareness, significant gaps remain, suggesting the need for a dedicated course on emergency preparedness. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of integrating comprehensive disaster preparedness education within nursing curricula to address these gaps and foster resilience in future healthcare professionals.展开更多
China is prone to disasters and escalating disaster losses. Effective disaster mitigation is the foundation for efficient disaster response and rescue and for reducing the degree of hazardous impacts on the population...China is prone to disasters and escalating disaster losses. Effective disaster mitigation is the foundation for efficient disaster response and rescue and for reducing the degree of hazardous impacts on the population. Vulnerability refers to the population's capacity to anticipate, cope with, and recover from the impact of a hazardous event. A hazard vulnerability assessment(HVA) systematically evaluates the damage that could be caused by a potential disaster, the severity of the impact, and the available medical resources during a disaster to reduce population vulnerability and increase the capacity to cope with disasters. In this article, we summarized HVA team membership, content(disaster identification, probability and consequences), and methods and procedures for an HVA that can be tailored to China's needs. We further discussed the role of epidemiology in an HVA. Disaster epidemiology studies the underlying causes of disasters to achieve effective disaster prevention and reduction. In addition, we made several recommendations that are already in practice in developed countries, such as the U.S., for future implementation in China and other developing countries. An effective HVA plan is crucial for successful disaster preparedness, response, and recovery.展开更多
博物馆安全是博物馆工作的重中之重,博物馆的安全为保障博物馆正常运转发挥重要作用。自2019年新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,博物馆面临的安全形势十分严峻,主要表现为应急措施匮乏、灾害防范不到位以及管理体制不完善等问题。这给全球博物馆...博物馆安全是博物馆工作的重中之重,博物馆的安全为保障博物馆正常运转发挥重要作用。自2019年新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,博物馆面临的安全形势十分严峻,主要表现为应急措施匮乏、灾害防范不到位以及管理体制不完善等问题。这给全球博物馆的发展带来了新的安全挑战,为博物馆安全提出了更高的要求,如何预防与应对博物馆突发事件成为博物馆安全的重要任务。该文选取了一篇国际博物馆协会官方发布的国际通用手册Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums为研究对象,从词汇、句法及篇章三个方面分析博物馆手册类文本的特点,归纳三种翻译策略,以期促进我国博物馆健康发展,为博物馆手册文本的翻译研究贡献绵薄之力。展开更多
Due to a lack of resources,rural communities often face challenges when planning catastrophic events.This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept,mu...Due to a lack of resources,rural communities often face challenges when planning catastrophic events.This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept,multi-method computer simulation and then determining whether the simulation could be used to assess the efficacy of disaster planning approaches on health outcomes in rural communities,as a function of primary healthcare.The project focus was a rural or non-urban healthcare system experiencing a natural hazard.Both system dynamics and discrete event models were incorporated to represent subsystem operations,crucial disaster responses,as well as three key response systems:public health,emergency management,and healthcare.The subsystem models included several components:policies/procedures,communications,resources,exercises/drills/training,healthcare space and staff,and the flow of affected people into and through the system.The combined simulation can serve as a first step to a more comprehensive approach to helping rural communities achieve more efficient and effective healthcare planning for disaster responses.展开更多
The effects of risk perception and sense of place on disaster preparedness have been widely reported.However, most studies have only demonstrated weak relationships and it is unknown whether these are applicable to Ch...The effects of risk perception and sense of place on disaster preparedness have been widely reported.However, most studies have only demonstrated weak relationships and it is unknown whether these are applicable to China. This study investigated such relationships in hazard-threatened areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in southwestern China. Data were collected from 348 farming households in landslide-prone areas. Binary logistic and Tobit regression models were constructed to determine whether risk perception and sense of place influence landslide preparedness. The results show that:(1)Farming households' awareness of the need to prepare for disasters was relatively low, and disaster preparedness behaviors were mainly based on self-learning. Among the348 sampled households, 67% exhibited no disaster preparedness behavior, and only 2% adopted four of the five types of disaster preparedness behaviors. About a quarter of farming households consciously learned disaster-related knowledge.(2) Risk perception and sense of place had important influences on disaster preparedness. Respondentswho received higher scores on the perception of the probability of a landslide, the threat of a landslide, and the place dependence variables were more likely to adopt a greater number of disaster preparedness behaviors.Respondents with higher scores on the perception of controllability in the case of a landslide were less likely to adopt a greater number of disaster preparedness behaviors.Additionally, individual and household socioeconomic characteristics—education, loss, distance from hazard site,information acquisition channel, and housing material—were all related to household disaster preparedness behavior. This study contributes to the current literature by improving the understanding of the relationships of risk perception and sense of place to disaster preparedness in farming households threatened by geological disasters in southwestern China.展开更多
This study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior to understand how risk perception affected disaster preparedness behavior.An intercept survey(N=286)was conducted at a typhoon-prone district of Hong Kong,Chin...This study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior to understand how risk perception affected disaster preparedness behavior.An intercept survey(N=286)was conducted at a typhoon-prone district of Hong Kong,China in 2019,then the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.The results indicated that risk perception and intention of preparedness were predictors of disaster preparedness behavior.Risk perception significantly affected intention of preparedness and the effect was partially mediated by subjective norm.Risk perception also significantly affected attitude and perceived behavioral control,but attitude and perceived behavioral control were not significantly correlated with intention of preparedness.Not only may this study supplement the existing literature of disaster preparedness toward typhoons,but also it provides insights for the planning and management of natural hazards and disaster risk reduction in Hong Kong,China.展开更多
The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characte...The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characteristics,and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards.Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County,the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established.Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas.A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences.The results show that:(1)A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability,disaster coping capacity,post-disaster adaptive capacity,and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households.(2)Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude;the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area.(3)Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience;however,this trend was reversed in the high mountains area.(4)The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators.For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area,it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area,promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area,and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area,respectively.展开更多
When the stations for seismic disasters rescue in future or the similars are designed on a network of communication line, the general absolute center of a graph needs to be solved to reduce the requirements in the num...When the stations for seismic disasters rescue in future or the similars are designed on a network of communication line, the general absolute center of a graph needs to be solved to reduce the requirements in the number ofstations and running parameters and to establish an optimal station in a sense distribution of the rescue arrivaltime by the way of locating optimally the stations. The existing solution on this problem was proposed by Edward (1978) in which, however, there is serious deviation. In this article, the work of Edward (1978) is developed in both formula and figure,more correct solution is proposed and proved. Then the result from the newersolution is contrasted with that from the older one in a instance about locating optimally the station for seismicdisasters rescue.展开更多
Although disasters can occur anywhere, certain types of disasters are more likely to have more effects on some buildings than others, especially on those in urban areas. Buildings in Lagos have had nasty experiences f...Although disasters can occur anywhere, certain types of disasters are more likely to have more effects on some buildings than others, especially on those in urban areas. Buildings in Lagos have had nasty experiences from both natural and artificial disasters, claiming lives and properties in the past. This study aims at evaluating the disaster risks, vulnerabilities and response strategies in the high rise buildings in Lagos municipality. Structured questionnaire was administered to building owners, estate managers and disaster managers who manage the high rise buildings. The information obtained was supplemented by personal interviews conducted with tenants and rescue organizations. The study identified collapse of building, fire out break, and communication and power failure as the most likely potential disasters, power failure and collapse had the highest severity of impact, and the degree of preparedness achieved to confront the disasters was below satisfaction. However, the specific status of the response strategies was as expected, but there was room for improvements. The potential disasters were natural, human and environmental and the most vulnerable sectors were other properties rather than the high rise buildings themselves. The magnitude of risk levels could be contained with the level of response strategies already achieved if coordinated.展开更多
This research relied on an extended theory of planed behavior,introducing risk perception as a predictor of the willingness to implement earthquake preparedness behavior,and examining its relationships with the tradit...This research relied on an extended theory of planed behavior,introducing risk perception as a predictor of the willingness to implement earthquake preparedness behavior,and examining its relationships with the traditional components of the theory.The study used an online snowball sample of 369 participants from Bucharest,collected in February–March 2024.The sample is almost equally divided between women and men,aged 18 to 65,most of them holding higher education degrees and living in apartment buildings with more than eight floors.The investigation revolved around two hypotheses:(1)subjective norm is the primary driver of the intention to conduct preparedness behavior in Bucharest;and(2)diff erent constructs(behavior factors)amplify or impede changes in disaster preparedness behavior,also serving as catalysts for these changes.A highlight of the results is that risk perception does not directly influence disaster preparedness behavior or intention to prepare,but it is strongly linked to subjective norm.The limited association between risk perception and attitudes toward disaster preparedness behavior warrants further analysis.These insights into the drivers of disaster preparedness are essential for developing eff ective programs to raise awareness about seismic risk,seismic adjustments,risk mitigation,and capacity building.This study aimed to examine the relationship between risk perception and disaster preparedness behavior,focusing on the seismic risk faced by the population of Bucharest.The research design is rooted in the theory of planned behavior(Ajzen 1985,1991),which was modified to include risk perception as a predictor of the willingness to implement disaster preparedness(Ng 2022).By exploring the risk perception-preparedness behavior link under the presented theoretical background,this study addressed the three stated research gaps.It provides a deeper understanding of what drives earthquake preparedness in a European capital that is highly prone and vulnerable to seismic hazards(Arma?2012;Giardini et al.2013;Arma?,Ionescu,et al.2016),but where earthquake awareness and preparedness are generally low(Arma?2006;Arma?,Cretu,et al.2017).展开更多
This study introduces an advanced community-level resilience analysis methodology integrating 3D fragility sur-faces for combined successive earthquake-tsunami hazard and analysis.The methodology facilitates comprehen...This study introduces an advanced community-level resilience analysis methodology integrating 3D fragility sur-faces for combined successive earthquake-tsunami hazard and analysis.The methodology facilitates comprehen-sive evaluations of spatial damage,economic loss,and risk under multi-hazard conditions.This study compares earthquake-only analysis results to the successive earthquake-tsunami analysis at the community level to reveal-and quantify-significant disparities in damage and loss estimations between the analyses,emphasizing the need to consider both hazards in community planning even at lower seismic intensities.Critical assessment of the FEMA combinational rule demonstrates its limitations in accurately predicting losses and damage patterns at higher hazard intensities,highlighting the necessity for refined models that accurately account for hazard inter-actions.This research advances multi-hazard community-level resilience analysis by offering a robust framework for earthquake and tsunami assessment,underscoring the need for integration of detailed multi-hazard analy-ses into resilience planning.Finally,it suggests future directions for enhancing framework applicability across diverse community settings and structural types,aiming to improve community resilience.展开更多
Companion animals are becoming increasingly common,and as natural hazards grow in frequency and severity,they play a critical role in guardians'decision making about evacuation and shelter during disasters.Althoug...Companion animals are becoming increasingly common,and as natural hazards grow in frequency and severity,they play a critical role in guardians'decision making about evacuation and shelter during disasters.Although many studies have explored the relationship between risk perception and willingness to evacuate,it remains unclear whether companion animals play a role in this relationship.This study investigated whether companion animal guardians exhibit a distinct risk perceptionwillingness to evacuate relationship compared to non-guardians during Category 1–2 and Category 3+hurricanes.It also explored how guardianship characteristics,such as the number of animals or their dual role as support animals,influence this relationship.The findings indicate that being a guardian and the number of animals significantly affect willingness to evacuate and its connection to risk perception.For Category 3+hurricanes,the presence of chronically ill animals further influences this relationship.Probability plots reveal that guardians have similar evacuation willingness as non-guardians at lower levels of perceived risk,but at higher levels of perceived risk,guardians show a significantly greater willingness to evacuate.Additionally,guardians with more animals are more likely to evacuate at a lower perceived risk but less likely at a higher perceived risk.For Category 3+hurricanes,guardians of healthy animals show a higher evacuation willingness at lower levels of perceived risk than those with sick animals.These findings highlight the complex nonlinear role that companion animals play in evacuation decisions and provide insights into some of the contradictory evacuation behaviors by guardians reported in the literature.展开更多
Older adults are significantly impacted by natural hazards and disasters that are exacerbated by climate change. Understanding their awareness and preparedness is essential for enhancing disaster resilience. This stud...Older adults are significantly impacted by natural hazards and disasters that are exacerbated by climate change. Understanding their awareness and preparedness is essential for enhancing disaster resilience. This study investigated the attitudes, actions, and recommendations of older adults regarding natural hazards that pose risks in their geographic area—specifically floods, wildfires, and/or earthquakes in Canada. Methods for this study included survey and focus groups with older adults(n = 161 and n = 10, respectively) and other high-risk groups from across Canada, that are vulnerable to these natural hazards. The main findings from this study are that current awareness and preparedness among older adults is low, though stronger perceptions of risks are associated with risks specific to geographic locations where respondents live. Several barriers, such as hazard vulnerability misperceptions, cost-related reasons, and lack of hazard awareness have resulted in low awareness and preparedness among these populations. The two main recommendations arising from this research are:(1) improve awareness and preparedness with tailor-made emergency preparedness materials for older adults;and(2) adopt community-based approaches to disaster preparedness through existing community groups to strengthen social connections with a focus on locally specific hazards. The findings from this research can be applied to other hazards, including heatwaves and pandemics.展开更多
Heavy snow disruptions are common and costly occurrences in the UK,including Scotland.Yet,heavy snow remains an underresearched aspect of disaster risks in Scotland.This study critically examined the 2018 heavy snow e...Heavy snow disruptions are common and costly occurrences in the UK,including Scotland.Yet,heavy snow remains an underresearched aspect of disaster risks in Scotland.This study critically examined the 2018 heavy snow event in Scotland referred to as the“Beast from the East”(BfE)in order to explore the different sources of information used by the public in preparation for and response to heavy snow emergencies.Our study also examined the effectiveness of BfE risk communication between authorities and the public and sought to determine if there is a relationship between risk information received and the intention to mitigate risk.Data were collected through a semistructured survey from(n=180)residents of the Annandale and Eskdale region of Dumfries and Galloway,Scotland.Our analysis shows that public authority information sources were the most sought-after information sources,followed by online and web sources.We found statistically significant differences between groups(such as age,gender,and mobility/disability)in terms of using risk information sources.Further analysis shows that the relationship between information received and the intention to mitigate risks is not linear but influenced by intervening variables such as work pressures,financial commitment,and stakeholders’expectations.We argue that where full adherence to official risk advice is required,policymakers should carefully consider issues around these three factors.展开更多
The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element o...The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in Central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in Central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union County reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette County reported the lowest. County-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette County emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. County profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.展开更多
The deepwater horizon blowout led to the release of 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico （GOM）. Here the paper analyzes available sediment datasets to determine whether changes in petrogenic cont...The deepwater horizon blowout led to the release of 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico （GOM）. Here the paper analyzes available sediment datasets to determine whether changes in petrogenic contaminants are evident in GOM sediment following the blowout. Locations sampled by EPA （Environmental Protection Agency）, British Petroleum （BP） and NOAA （National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration） were reduced and grouped into 46 similar locations and analyzed. Eleven groups suggested an increase in PAIl （polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon） and nickel, one group showed a statistically significant increase in Phenanthrene. Four locations were analyzed for time trends and differences between initial and peak concentrations of oil range organics （ORO）, diesel range organics （DRO）, vanadium and nickel. One location had significant increases in ORO, DRO and vanadium and a suggestive increase in nickel. Correlations between ORO/DRO, ORO/V, ORO/Ni, V/Ni were computed （RE= 0.85, 0.67, 0.64, 0.92, respectively）. Overall, the analyses suggest that future monitoring should employ a sampling strategy that coordinates response sampling to previously sampled locations, such that baseline datasets can be used in detection of event associated contamination.展开更多
The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore and gain an understanding of Louisiana homeowners’ perceptions and practices in preparing for hurricanes;contribute to academic research and student learning, while...The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore and gain an understanding of Louisiana homeowners’ perceptions and practices in preparing for hurricanes;contribute to academic research and student learning, while guiding the development of future projects. We focused specifically on how homeowners in Louisiana would protect their important documents and possessions. These documents and possessions include but are not limited to photographs, social security cards, birth certificates, and insurance paperwork. We collected the data throughout the fall semester of 2022 at Louisiana State University (LSU) by conducting a focus group and in-depth interviews. We collected a variety of answers, but most participants expressed a strong need to have their important documents and possessions protected and gave different strategies for how this was carried out, such as digitizing or protective storage. Participants also expressed a strong need for more information to be delivered to residents to talk more about ways they can protect their own documents and possessions. Emphases were also made on the need for: leaders of large institutions to be especially concerned with preparedness for vulnerable populations;outreach programs to be put in place to spread awareness of the importance of protecting important documents and possessions during a disaster;news outlets to switch their focus from normal survival tips to discussions on the importance of protecting documents and possessions;government and non-profit agencies to work together to share tips and information through social media and other forms of handouts.展开更多
Remote,rural ethnic-minority communities face greater disaster-related public health risks due to their lack of resources and limited access to health care.The Ethnic Minority Health Project(EMHP) was initiated in 200...Remote,rural ethnic-minority communities face greater disaster-related public health risks due to their lack of resources and limited access to health care.The Ethnic Minority Health Project(EMHP) was initiated in 2009 to work with remote,disaster-prone ethnic-minority villages that live in extreme poverty.One of the project's aims is to develop and evaluate bottom-up health risk reduction efforts in emergency and disaster risk management(HealthEDRM).This article shares project updates and describes field intervention results from the Yi ethnic community of Hongyan village in China's Sichuan Province,an area that experiences recurrent floods.It was found that 64% of the village respondents had never considered any form of disaster preparation,even with the recurrent flood risks.Health intervention participants showed sustained knowledge retention and were nine times more likely to know the correct composition of oral rehydration solution(ORS) after the intervention.Participants also retained the improved knowledge on ORS and disaster preparedness kit ownership12 months after the intervention.展开更多
Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems,particularly if the events are severe or prolonged.When these types of events happen in rural communities,the resources of the local public he...Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems,particularly if the events are severe or prolonged.When these types of events happen in rural communities,the resources of the local public health,healthcare,and emergency response organizations can be quickly depleted or overwhelmed.Planning for emergencies can help to mitigate their impact.Model-based systems engineering(MBSE)methods,including computer simulations,can provide insight on how best to prepare for these events and to explore the effects of varying approaches and resource utilization.To best apply these methods for improving disaster management in rural settings,a synthesis of the current body of evidence in this field is needed.The objective of this scoping review was to provide a descriptive overview of the application of computer simulation based on MBSE approaches to disaster preparedness and response for rural healthcare systems.Six studies met inclusion criteria,and varied in terms of MBSE method used,healthcare setting,and disaster type and context considered.We identified a gap in the research regarding the application of MBSE approaches to support rural healthcare disaster preparedness planning efforts.Model-based systems engineering and systems thinking,therefore,represent novel methods for developing tools and computational simulations that could assist rural communities better prepare for disasters.展开更多
According to the concept of“flexible surge capacity,”hospitals may need to be evacuated on two occasions:(1)when they are exposed to danger,such as in war;and(2)when they are contaminated,such as during the Covid-19...According to the concept of“flexible surge capacity,”hospitals may need to be evacuated on two occasions:(1)when they are exposed to danger,such as in war;and(2)when they are contaminated,such as during the Covid-19 pandemic.In the former,the entire hospital must be evacuated,while in the latter,the hospital becomes a pandemic center necessitating the transfer of its non-contaminated staff,patients,and routine activities to other facilities.Such occasions involve several degrees of evacuation—partial or total—yet all require deliberate surge planning and collaboration with diverse authorities.This study aimed to investigate the extent of hospital evacuation preparedness in Thailand,using the main elements of the flexible surge capacity concept.A mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted using a hospital evacuation questionnaire from a previously published multinational hospital evacuation study.The tool contained questions regarding evacuation preparedness encompassing surge capacity and collaborative elements and an open-ended inquiry to grasp potential perspectives.All 143 secondary care,tertiary care,and university hospitals received the questionnaire;43 hospitals provided responses.The findings indicate glitches in evacuation protocols,particularly triage systems,the inadequacies of surge planning and multiagency collaboration,and knowledge limitations in community capabilities.In conclusion,the applications of the essential components of flexible surge capacity allow the assessment of hospital preparedness and facilitate the evaluation of guidelines and instructions through scenario-based training exercises.展开更多
文摘Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical aspect of nursing education, enhancing students’ ability to respond effectively in emergencies. However, the extent to which nursing curricula influence disaster preparedness awareness remains underexplored. Our study found that 39% of students reported improved awareness after three years, highlighting the need for targeted curriculum enhancements. Purpose: To evaluate changes in disaster preparedness awareness among nursing students over three years of education and identify gaps in current curricula impacting this awareness. Results: Findings indicate that while 39% of students showed improved awareness, significant gaps remain, suggesting the need for a dedicated course on emergency preparedness. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of integrating comprehensive disaster preparedness education within nursing curricula to address these gaps and foster resilience in future healthcare professionals.
基金supported by the General Logistics of PLA in China (Grant No. AWS11L009)
文摘China is prone to disasters and escalating disaster losses. Effective disaster mitigation is the foundation for efficient disaster response and rescue and for reducing the degree of hazardous impacts on the population. Vulnerability refers to the population's capacity to anticipate, cope with, and recover from the impact of a hazardous event. A hazard vulnerability assessment(HVA) systematically evaluates the damage that could be caused by a potential disaster, the severity of the impact, and the available medical resources during a disaster to reduce population vulnerability and increase the capacity to cope with disasters. In this article, we summarized HVA team membership, content(disaster identification, probability and consequences), and methods and procedures for an HVA that can be tailored to China's needs. We further discussed the role of epidemiology in an HVA. Disaster epidemiology studies the underlying causes of disasters to achieve effective disaster prevention and reduction. In addition, we made several recommendations that are already in practice in developed countries, such as the U.S., for future implementation in China and other developing countries. An effective HVA plan is crucial for successful disaster preparedness, response, and recovery.
文摘博物馆安全是博物馆工作的重中之重,博物馆的安全为保障博物馆正常运转发挥重要作用。自2019年新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,博物馆面临的安全形势十分严峻,主要表现为应急措施匮乏、灾害防范不到位以及管理体制不完善等问题。这给全球博物馆的发展带来了新的安全挑战,为博物馆安全提出了更高的要求,如何预防与应对博物馆突发事件成为博物馆安全的重要任务。该文选取了一篇国际博物馆协会官方发布的国际通用手册Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums为研究对象,从词汇、句法及篇章三个方面分析博物馆手册类文本的特点,归纳三种翻译策略,以期促进我国博物馆健康发展,为博物馆手册文本的翻译研究贡献绵薄之力。
基金funding support from Oak Ridge Associated Universities(ORAU)Foundations for this research。
文摘Due to a lack of resources,rural communities often face challenges when planning catastrophic events.This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept,multi-method computer simulation and then determining whether the simulation could be used to assess the efficacy of disaster planning approaches on health outcomes in rural communities,as a function of primary healthcare.The project focus was a rural or non-urban healthcare system experiencing a natural hazard.Both system dynamics and discrete event models were incorporated to represent subsystem operations,crucial disaster responses,as well as three key response systems:public health,emergency management,and healthcare.The subsystem models included several components:policies/procedures,communications,resources,exercises/drills/training,healthcare space and staff,and the flow of affected people into and through the system.The combined simulation can serve as a first step to a more comprehensive approach to helping rural communities achieve more efficient and effective healthcare planning for disaster responses.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41771194)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academyof Sciences(Y5R2080080)+2 种基金the 135 Strategic Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Science(sds-135-1703)the Youth Talent Team Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SDSQB-2015-01)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2016332)
文摘The effects of risk perception and sense of place on disaster preparedness have been widely reported.However, most studies have only demonstrated weak relationships and it is unknown whether these are applicable to China. This study investigated such relationships in hazard-threatened areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in southwestern China. Data were collected from 348 farming households in landslide-prone areas. Binary logistic and Tobit regression models were constructed to determine whether risk perception and sense of place influence landslide preparedness. The results show that:(1)Farming households' awareness of the need to prepare for disasters was relatively low, and disaster preparedness behaviors were mainly based on self-learning. Among the348 sampled households, 67% exhibited no disaster preparedness behavior, and only 2% adopted four of the five types of disaster preparedness behaviors. About a quarter of farming households consciously learned disaster-related knowledge.(2) Risk perception and sense of place had important influences on disaster preparedness. Respondentswho received higher scores on the perception of the probability of a landslide, the threat of a landslide, and the place dependence variables were more likely to adopt a greater number of disaster preparedness behaviors.Respondents with higher scores on the perception of controllability in the case of a landslide were less likely to adopt a greater number of disaster preparedness behaviors.Additionally, individual and household socioeconomic characteristics—education, loss, distance from hazard site,information acquisition channel, and housing material—were all related to household disaster preparedness behavior. This study contributes to the current literature by improving the understanding of the relationships of risk perception and sense of place to disaster preparedness in farming households threatened by geological disasters in southwestern China.
文摘This study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior to understand how risk perception affected disaster preparedness behavior.An intercept survey(N=286)was conducted at a typhoon-prone district of Hong Kong,China in 2019,then the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.The results indicated that risk perception and intention of preparedness were predictors of disaster preparedness behavior.Risk perception significantly affected intention of preparedness and the effect was partially mediated by subjective norm.Risk perception also significantly affected attitude and perceived behavioral control,but attitude and perceived behavioral control were not significantly correlated with intention of preparedness.Not only may this study supplement the existing literature of disaster preparedness toward typhoons,but also it provides insights for the planning and management of natural hazards and disaster risk reduction in Hong Kong,China.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:42001244)Chengdu Science and Technology Program(grant number:2024-YF05-01061-SN)Research Program of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number:E4K2060060)。
文摘The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characteristics,and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards.Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County,the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established.Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas.A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences.The results show that:(1)A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability,disaster coping capacity,post-disaster adaptive capacity,and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households.(2)Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude;the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area.(3)Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience;however,this trend was reversed in the high mountains area.(4)The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators.For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area,it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area,promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area,and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area,respectively.
文摘When the stations for seismic disasters rescue in future or the similars are designed on a network of communication line, the general absolute center of a graph needs to be solved to reduce the requirements in the number ofstations and running parameters and to establish an optimal station in a sense distribution of the rescue arrivaltime by the way of locating optimally the stations. The existing solution on this problem was proposed by Edward (1978) in which, however, there is serious deviation. In this article, the work of Edward (1978) is developed in both formula and figure,more correct solution is proposed and proved. Then the result from the newersolution is contrasted with that from the older one in a instance about locating optimally the station for seismicdisasters rescue.
文摘Although disasters can occur anywhere, certain types of disasters are more likely to have more effects on some buildings than others, especially on those in urban areas. Buildings in Lagos have had nasty experiences from both natural and artificial disasters, claiming lives and properties in the past. This study aims at evaluating the disaster risks, vulnerabilities and response strategies in the high rise buildings in Lagos municipality. Structured questionnaire was administered to building owners, estate managers and disaster managers who manage the high rise buildings. The information obtained was supplemented by personal interviews conducted with tenants and rescue organizations. The study identified collapse of building, fire out break, and communication and power failure as the most likely potential disasters, power failure and collapse had the highest severity of impact, and the degree of preparedness achieved to confront the disasters was below satisfaction. However, the specific status of the response strategies was as expected, but there was room for improvements. The potential disasters were natural, human and environmental and the most vulnerable sectors were other properties rather than the high rise buildings themselves. The magnitude of risk levels could be contained with the level of response strategies already achieved if coordinated.
基金supported by UEFISCDI PN-IV-P8-8.1-PRE-HE-ORG-2023-0120 and the University of Bucharest。
文摘This research relied on an extended theory of planed behavior,introducing risk perception as a predictor of the willingness to implement earthquake preparedness behavior,and examining its relationships with the traditional components of the theory.The study used an online snowball sample of 369 participants from Bucharest,collected in February–March 2024.The sample is almost equally divided between women and men,aged 18 to 65,most of them holding higher education degrees and living in apartment buildings with more than eight floors.The investigation revolved around two hypotheses:(1)subjective norm is the primary driver of the intention to conduct preparedness behavior in Bucharest;and(2)diff erent constructs(behavior factors)amplify or impede changes in disaster preparedness behavior,also serving as catalysts for these changes.A highlight of the results is that risk perception does not directly influence disaster preparedness behavior or intention to prepare,but it is strongly linked to subjective norm.The limited association between risk perception and attitudes toward disaster preparedness behavior warrants further analysis.These insights into the drivers of disaster preparedness are essential for developing eff ective programs to raise awareness about seismic risk,seismic adjustments,risk mitigation,and capacity building.This study aimed to examine the relationship between risk perception and disaster preparedness behavior,focusing on the seismic risk faced by the population of Bucharest.The research design is rooted in the theory of planned behavior(Ajzen 1985,1991),which was modified to include risk perception as a predictor of the willingness to implement disaster preparedness(Ng 2022).By exploring the risk perception-preparedness behavior link under the presented theoretical background,this study addressed the three stated research gaps.It provides a deeper understanding of what drives earthquake preparedness in a European capital that is highly prone and vulnerable to seismic hazards(Arma?2012;Giardini et al.2013;Arma?,Ionescu,et al.2016),but where earthquake awareness and preparedness are generally low(Arma?2006;Arma?,Cretu,et al.2017).
基金funded through a cooperative agreement between the U.S.National Institute of Standards and Technology and Colorado State University(NIST Financial Assistance Award Numbers:70NANB15H044 and 70NANB20H008).
文摘This study introduces an advanced community-level resilience analysis methodology integrating 3D fragility sur-faces for combined successive earthquake-tsunami hazard and analysis.The methodology facilitates comprehen-sive evaluations of spatial damage,economic loss,and risk under multi-hazard conditions.This study compares earthquake-only analysis results to the successive earthquake-tsunami analysis at the community level to reveal-and quantify-significant disparities in damage and loss estimations between the analyses,emphasizing the need to consider both hazards in community planning even at lower seismic intensities.Critical assessment of the FEMA combinational rule demonstrates its limitations in accurately predicting losses and damage patterns at higher hazard intensities,highlighting the necessity for refined models that accurately account for hazard inter-actions.This research advances multi-hazard community-level resilience analysis by offering a robust framework for earthquake and tsunami assessment,underscoring the need for integration of detailed multi-hazard analy-ses into resilience planning.Finally,it suggests future directions for enhancing framework applicability across diverse community settings and structural types,aiming to improve community resilience.
基金supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada,Partnership Engage Grants(Award#892-2021-3013 and Award#1015-2023-0010)Partnership Development Grants(Award#890-2023-0121)+2 种基金Insight Development Grants(Award#430-2023-00749 and Award#430-202401020)Connection Grants(Award#611-2023-0672)funding from the Canada Research Chairs Program(Award#CRC-2020-00128)。
文摘Companion animals are becoming increasingly common,and as natural hazards grow in frequency and severity,they play a critical role in guardians'decision making about evacuation and shelter during disasters.Although many studies have explored the relationship between risk perception and willingness to evacuate,it remains unclear whether companion animals play a role in this relationship.This study investigated whether companion animal guardians exhibit a distinct risk perceptionwillingness to evacuate relationship compared to non-guardians during Category 1–2 and Category 3+hurricanes.It also explored how guardianship characteristics,such as the number of animals or their dual role as support animals,influence this relationship.The findings indicate that being a guardian and the number of animals significantly affect willingness to evacuate and its connection to risk perception.For Category 3+hurricanes,the presence of chronically ill animals further influences this relationship.Probability plots reveal that guardians have similar evacuation willingness as non-guardians at lower levels of perceived risk,but at higher levels of perceived risk,guardians show a significantly greater willingness to evacuate.Additionally,guardians with more animals are more likely to evacuate at a lower perceived risk but less likely at a higher perceived risk.For Category 3+hurricanes,guardians of healthy animals show a higher evacuation willingness at lower levels of perceived risk than those with sick animals.These findings highlight the complex nonlinear role that companion animals play in evacuation decisions and provide insights into some of the contradictory evacuation behaviors by guardians reported in the literature.
文摘Older adults are significantly impacted by natural hazards and disasters that are exacerbated by climate change. Understanding their awareness and preparedness is essential for enhancing disaster resilience. This study investigated the attitudes, actions, and recommendations of older adults regarding natural hazards that pose risks in their geographic area—specifically floods, wildfires, and/or earthquakes in Canada. Methods for this study included survey and focus groups with older adults(n = 161 and n = 10, respectively) and other high-risk groups from across Canada, that are vulnerable to these natural hazards. The main findings from this study are that current awareness and preparedness among older adults is low, though stronger perceptions of risks are associated with risks specific to geographic locations where respondents live. Several barriers, such as hazard vulnerability misperceptions, cost-related reasons, and lack of hazard awareness have resulted in low awareness and preparedness among these populations. The two main recommendations arising from this research are:(1) improve awareness and preparedness with tailor-made emergency preparedness materials for older adults;and(2) adopt community-based approaches to disaster preparedness through existing community groups to strengthen social connections with a focus on locally specific hazards. The findings from this research can be applied to other hazards, including heatwaves and pandemics.
基金the Scottish Funding Council,as part of the National Centre for Resilince.This research received no external funding.
文摘Heavy snow disruptions are common and costly occurrences in the UK,including Scotland.Yet,heavy snow remains an underresearched aspect of disaster risks in Scotland.This study critically examined the 2018 heavy snow event in Scotland referred to as the“Beast from the East”(BfE)in order to explore the different sources of information used by the public in preparation for and response to heavy snow emergencies.Our study also examined the effectiveness of BfE risk communication between authorities and the public and sought to determine if there is a relationship between risk information received and the intention to mitigate risk.Data were collected through a semistructured survey from(n=180)residents of the Annandale and Eskdale region of Dumfries and Galloway,Scotland.Our analysis shows that public authority information sources were the most sought-after information sources,followed by online and web sources.We found statistically significant differences between groups(such as age,gender,and mobility/disability)in terms of using risk information sources.Further analysis shows that the relationship between information received and the intention to mitigate risks is not linear but influenced by intervening variables such as work pressures,financial commitment,and stakeholders’expectations.We argue that where full adherence to official risk advice is required,policymakers should carefully consider issues around these three factors.
文摘The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in Central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in Central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union County reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette County reported the lowest. County-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette County emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. County profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.
文摘The deepwater horizon blowout led to the release of 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico （GOM）. Here the paper analyzes available sediment datasets to determine whether changes in petrogenic contaminants are evident in GOM sediment following the blowout. Locations sampled by EPA （Environmental Protection Agency）, British Petroleum （BP） and NOAA （National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration） were reduced and grouped into 46 similar locations and analyzed. Eleven groups suggested an increase in PAIl （polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon） and nickel, one group showed a statistically significant increase in Phenanthrene. Four locations were analyzed for time trends and differences between initial and peak concentrations of oil range organics （ORO）, diesel range organics （DRO）, vanadium and nickel. One location had significant increases in ORO, DRO and vanadium and a suggestive increase in nickel. Correlations between ORO/DRO, ORO/V, ORO/Ni, V/Ni were computed （RE= 0.85, 0.67, 0.64, 0.92, respectively）. Overall, the analyses suggest that future monitoring should employ a sampling strategy that coordinates response sampling to previously sampled locations, such that baseline datasets can be used in detection of event associated contamination.
文摘The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore and gain an understanding of Louisiana homeowners’ perceptions and practices in preparing for hurricanes;contribute to academic research and student learning, while guiding the development of future projects. We focused specifically on how homeowners in Louisiana would protect their important documents and possessions. These documents and possessions include but are not limited to photographs, social security cards, birth certificates, and insurance paperwork. We collected the data throughout the fall semester of 2022 at Louisiana State University (LSU) by conducting a focus group and in-depth interviews. We collected a variety of answers, but most participants expressed a strong need to have their important documents and possessions protected and gave different strategies for how this was carried out, such as digitizing or protective storage. Participants also expressed a strong need for more information to be delivered to residents to talk more about ways they can protect their own documents and possessions. Emphases were also made on the need for: leaders of large institutions to be especially concerned with preparedness for vulnerable populations;outreach programs to be put in place to spread awareness of the importance of protecting important documents and possessions during a disaster;news outlets to switch their focus from normal survival tips to discussions on the importance of protecting documents and possessions;government and non-profit agencies to work together to share tips and information through social media and other forms of handouts.
基金funded by the CCOUC field research fundthe Chow Tai Fook Charitable Foundation+1 种基金the I-CARE Programme (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)Wu Zhi Qiao Charitable Foundation
文摘Remote,rural ethnic-minority communities face greater disaster-related public health risks due to their lack of resources and limited access to health care.The Ethnic Minority Health Project(EMHP) was initiated in 2009 to work with remote,disaster-prone ethnic-minority villages that live in extreme poverty.One of the project's aims is to develop and evaluate bottom-up health risk reduction efforts in emergency and disaster risk management(HealthEDRM).This article shares project updates and describes field intervention results from the Yi ethnic community of Hongyan village in China's Sichuan Province,an area that experiences recurrent floods.It was found that 64% of the village respondents had never considered any form of disaster preparation,even with the recurrent flood risks.Health intervention participants showed sustained knowledge retention and were nine times more likely to know the correct composition of oral rehydration solution(ORS) after the intervention.Participants also retained the improved knowledge on ORS and disaster preparedness kit ownership12 months after the intervention.
基金the financial support from UTK for selecting Ms.Marino for the Undergraduate Summer Research Award,which provided summer stipend and professional development opportunities
文摘Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems,particularly if the events are severe or prolonged.When these types of events happen in rural communities,the resources of the local public health,healthcare,and emergency response organizations can be quickly depleted or overwhelmed.Planning for emergencies can help to mitigate their impact.Model-based systems engineering(MBSE)methods,including computer simulations,can provide insight on how best to prepare for these events and to explore the effects of varying approaches and resource utilization.To best apply these methods for improving disaster management in rural settings,a synthesis of the current body of evidence in this field is needed.The objective of this scoping review was to provide a descriptive overview of the application of computer simulation based on MBSE approaches to disaster preparedness and response for rural healthcare systems.Six studies met inclusion criteria,and varied in terms of MBSE method used,healthcare setting,and disaster type and context considered.We identified a gap in the research regarding the application of MBSE approaches to support rural healthcare disaster preparedness planning efforts.Model-based systems engineering and systems thinking,therefore,represent novel methods for developing tools and computational simulations that could assist rural communities better prepare for disasters.
文摘According to the concept of“flexible surge capacity,”hospitals may need to be evacuated on two occasions:(1)when they are exposed to danger,such as in war;and(2)when they are contaminated,such as during the Covid-19 pandemic.In the former,the entire hospital must be evacuated,while in the latter,the hospital becomes a pandemic center necessitating the transfer of its non-contaminated staff,patients,and routine activities to other facilities.Such occasions involve several degrees of evacuation—partial or total—yet all require deliberate surge planning and collaboration with diverse authorities.This study aimed to investigate the extent of hospital evacuation preparedness in Thailand,using the main elements of the flexible surge capacity concept.A mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted using a hospital evacuation questionnaire from a previously published multinational hospital evacuation study.The tool contained questions regarding evacuation preparedness encompassing surge capacity and collaborative elements and an open-ended inquiry to grasp potential perspectives.All 143 secondary care,tertiary care,and university hospitals received the questionnaire;43 hospitals provided responses.The findings indicate glitches in evacuation protocols,particularly triage systems,the inadequacies of surge planning and multiagency collaboration,and knowledge limitations in community capabilities.In conclusion,the applications of the essential components of flexible surge capacity allow the assessment of hospital preparedness and facilitate the evaluation of guidelines and instructions through scenario-based training exercises.
