This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protec...This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.展开更多
On July 10,2004,Beijing was hit by the rainstorm that has not been seen for many years,which caused water accumulation in many places of the urban area,power supply interruption in many places,and traffic paralysis fo...On July 10,2004,Beijing was hit by the rainstorm that has not been seen for many years,which caused water accumulation in many places of the urban area,power supply interruption in many places,and traffic paralysis for nearly 5 h. On July 12,2004,the rainstorm in Shanghai lasted less than 1 h,but it caused 7 deaths,more than 20 injuries,extensive power outages and traffic paralysis. At the end of 2005,the continuous snowfall in Weihai City of Shandong Province for half a month caused direct economic losses of over 200 million yuan,and the continuous heavy snowfall had a serious impact on people’s lives. From July 17 to 23,2021,Henan Province suffered a rare extremely heavy rainstorm in history,with a direct economic loss of 120.6 billion yuan. Faced with such urban meteorological disasters and other types of urban disasters,combined with the current situation of disaster prevention and reduction in China,what will managers,decision-makers,and experts and scholars think about from them.展开更多
Using summer(June-August)precipitation observation data in 10 representative stations of Shaoyang City during 1971-2021 and disaster data caused by summer rainstorm in nine counties(cities)and four districts of Shaoya...Using summer(June-August)precipitation observation data in 10 representative stations of Shaoyang City during 1971-2021 and disaster data caused by summer rainstorm in nine counties(cities)and four districts of Shaoyang during 1981-2021,statistical analysis on summer rainstorm and its caused disaster in Shaoyang was conducted,and spatial and temporal characteristics of summer rainstorm and spatial distribution rule of disaster were found out.The results showed that(1)the rainstorm disaster in Shaoyang City occurs almost every year and is highly seasonal.(2)Rainstorm disaster loss is the first of other meteorological disasters.(3)The summer rainstorm disaster has the characteristics of sudden and destructive.On this basis,the relative grades of rainstorm disaster risk degree and disaster loss degree were divided,and the risk assessment of rainstorm and flood disaster in Shaoyang City was made,and the disaster prevention and mitigation measures and countermeasures were put forward.The research could provide scientific decision basis for party and government departments guiding flood fighting and disaster relief.展开更多
As an earthquake-prone country, China has experienced many large-scale earthquakes, such as the Tangshan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake, which have brought very serious loss of life and property to the people....As an earthquake-prone country, China has experienced many large-scale earthquakes, such as the Tangshan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake, which have brought very serious loss of life and property to the people. Especially in Gansu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Qinghai and other areas, especially in earthquake-prone areas, not only will cause direct loss of life and property, but also there will be a variety of secondary geological hazards, which have a very adverse impact on social development. This requires the construction of geological disaster prevention and mitigation system in earthquake-prone areas, summing up the previous experience in earthquake prevention and mitigation, and taking effective measures to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes and provides a reliable guarantee for the safety of people's lives and property.展开更多
Based on the current situation of marine disaster prevention and mitigation in Caofeidian district, this paper analyzes and summarizes the situation that the information sharing mechanism of marine disaster prevention...Based on the current situation of marine disaster prevention and mitigation in Caofeidian district, this paper analyzes and summarizes the situation that the information sharing mechanism of marine disaster prevention and mitigation needs to be improved. The results of marine disaster risk investigation and hidden danger investigation have not been effectively applied, and the technical force of disaster prevention and mitigation at the grass-roots level needs to be strengthened, and the level of monitoring, early warning and forecasting needs to be improved, and the emergency plan of marine disaster needs to be revised. This paper puts forward eight countermeasures and suggestions, namely, strengthening the marine basic research work in Caofeidian area, strengthening the scientific spatial planning with Lu Dinghais concept, perfecting Caofeidian areas engineering disaster prevention system, improving Caofeidian areas marine disaster monitoring and early warning ability, strengthening the marine disaster emergency organization and guarantee system, improving the public service and information level of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, strengthening the team building of marine disaster prevention and mitigation institutions, and strengthening the publicity, education and training of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, which will provide a basis for effective marine disaster prevention and emergency management in Caofeidian area and gradually improve its marine disaster prevention and mitigation ability.展开更多
With the development of economy,China has gradually begun to pay attention to the protection of the natural environment.Under the concept of"lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets",importance ...With the development of economy,China has gradually begun to pay attention to the protection of the natural environment.Under the concept of"lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets",importance has been attached to the development of forestry economy.The protection of forest resources and the prevention and control of disasters are important contents and necessary components in the construction of China's forestry ecological environment.Through the analysis and research on the types of forest disasters(forest fires,biological disasters,meteorological disasters,geological disasters,deforestation)and disaster-causing factors,some basic countermeasures were put forward with the aim to enhance the production capacity of forest resources,improve the ecological environment of forest resources and prevent forest resource disasters.展开更多
The research aimed to prevent and reduce rainstorm disaster in the Jinji River of Yongfu County,Guilin City.Distribution of population,cultivated land and GDP in the Jinji River were analyzed,and the influence of hist...The research aimed to prevent and reduce rainstorm disaster in the Jinji River of Yongfu County,Guilin City.Distribution of population,cultivated land and GDP in the Jinji River were analyzed,and the influence of historical rainstorm process was studied.Moreover,high risk area of meteorological disasters and the region not suitable for constructing residential areas,development zones and projects were distinguished,and its influence on agriculture and forestry was analyzed.If it was necessary to build residential areas,development zones and projects or the human society has already been in the high-risk area of meteorological disasters and it was difficult to move,what engineering measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of risks.The research could provide scientific basis for design standard of disaster prevention engineering,to prevent the occurrence of disaster risk.展开更多
Main meteorological disasters and their destruction on tourism landscape (including natural landscape and human landscape) were analyzed by using the methods of statistical analysis and cited examples, the impact of m...Main meteorological disasters and their destruction on tourism landscape (including natural landscape and human landscape) were analyzed by using the methods of statistical analysis and cited examples, the impact of meteorological disasters on tourism brand, tourism decision, tourism transport, peak tourist season and the threat on tourism industry chain were studied, the main tourism meteorological disasters in North China, East China, Central China, Northeast Region, Southeast Region and Southwest Region were summarized, and some comprehensive measures of meteorological disaster for prevention and mitigation were put forward.展开更多
There are a large number of lakes,rivers,and other natural water bodies distributed in the permafrost area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The changes in water bodies will affect the distribution of water resources ...There are a large number of lakes,rivers,and other natural water bodies distributed in the permafrost area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The changes in water bodies will affect the distribution of water resources in sur-rounding areas and downstream areas,resulting in environmental impact and bringing potential flood disasters,which will induce more serious issues and problems in alpine and high-altitude areas with a fragile habitat(such as the QTP in China).Generally,effective,reasonable,and scientific monitoring of large-scale water bodies can not only document the changes in water bodies intuitively,but also provide important theoretical reference for subsequent environmental impact prediction,and disaster prevention and mitigation in due course of time.The large-scale water extraction technology derived from the optical remote sensing(RS)image is seriously affected by clouds,bringing about large differences among the extracted water result products.Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)RS technology has the unique advantage characteristics of all-weather,all-day,strong penetration,and not being affected by clouds,which is hopeful in extracting water body data,especially for days with cloudy weather.The data extraction of large-scale water bodies based on SAR images can effectively avoid the errors caused by clouds that become prevalent at present.In this paper,the Hoh Xil Salt Lake on the QTP and its surrounding five lakes are taken as the research objects.The 2-scene Sentinel-1 SAR image data covering the whole area on 22 August 2022 was used to verify the feasibility of extracting water body data in permafrost zones.Furthermore,on 22 August 2022,the wealth here was cloudy,which made the optical RS images,e.g.,Sentinel-2 images full of clouds.The results show that:using the Sentinel-1 image and threshold segmentation method to extract water body data is efficient and effective with excellent results in permafrost areas.Concretely,the Sentinel-1 dual-polarized water index(SDWI),calculated by combining dual vertical–vertical(VV)polarized and verti-cal–horizontal(VH)polarized data is a useful index for water extraction and the result is better than each of the VV or VH polarized images.展开更多
Construction of disaster-resilient cities has attracted considerable attention.However,traditional methods of studying urban disaster resilience through experimental approaches are often constrained by various limitat...Construction of disaster-resilient cities has attracted considerable attention.However,traditional methods of studying urban disaster resilience through experimental approaches are often constrained by various limitations,such as testing sites,costs and ethical considerations.To address these constraints,this paper proposes incor-porating digital twin concepts into urban disaster resilience research.By establishing a connection between the physical realm of the city and its virtual counterpart,this approach utilizes digital simulations to overcome the limitations of experimental methods and enables dynamic deduction and control of the disaster process.This pa-per delves into three key aspects encompassing the acquisition of data from reality to the virtual space,disaster simulation within the virtual space,and translation of virtual insights into effective disaster prevention strate-gies in reality.It provides a comprehensive summary of relevant research endeavors from the authors’research group and showcases the effectiveness and potential of the proposed techniques.These findings serve as refer-ences for pre-disaster planning,real-time emergency assessments,post-disaster rescue operations,and accident investigations for buildings and cities.展开更多
This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural la...This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural launch in 2002,China has achieved substantial advancements in ocean satellite technology,forming an observation system composed of the HY-1,HY-2,and HY-3 series satellites.These satellites are integral to global ocean environmental monitoring due to their high resolution,extensive coverage,and frequent observations.Looking forward,China aims to further enhance and expand its ocean satellite capabilities through ongoing projects to support global environmental protection and sustainable development.展开更多
Heilongjiang Province is the granary of China,which plays a key role in ensuring the national food security.The total grain output of Heilongjiang Province has ranked first in China for 12 consecutive years.In the pas...Heilongjiang Province is the granary of China,which plays a key role in ensuring the national food security.The total grain output of Heilongjiang Province has ranked first in China for 12 consecutive years.In the past four years,it has been stable at more than 75 billion kg,a record high.One bowl of rice in every nine bowls in China comes from Heilongjiang.The work of weather modification and disaster prevention and reduction is an important measure to ensure the development of agricultural production,and is the key of meteorological services for agriculture.Based on the actual work of artificial weather modification in Heilongjiang Province,this paper analyzes the current situation of ground operation in Heilongjiang Province,studies and judges the safety production,and puts forward reasonable countermeasures.The purpose is to improve the ground operation ability of artificial weather modification and provide safe and scientific services for agricultural production.展开更多
Aiming at the selection of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DH methods in the previous studies, this paper evaluate the qualitative index system using expert questionnaire, the self-learning BP neural network model to construct th...Aiming at the selection of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DH methods in the previous studies, this paper evaluate the qualitative index system using expert questionnaire, the self-learning BP neural network model to construct the index of system, and complete the establishment of model, in order to avoid the serious subjectivity, and using statistical and measurement methods test the reliability index, analyze the validity of the evaluation index system and completeness. Finally, the paper validate the practicability of the model.展开更多
The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,...The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,the effect of the interactions between perception factors on residents'willingness to evacuate is an urgent problem to be solved.Therefore,this paper introduces risk,stakeholder,and protective action perceptions from the protective action decision model as the main explanatory variables.These three core perceptions are subdivided into affective risk perception,cognitive risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,resourcerelated attributes,and hazard-related attributes.A questionnaire survey was conducted from June to July 2023 among residents of mountainous communities in nine villages in three towns in Sichuan Province,China.359 cross-sectional data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to explore the effects of six perception factors on evacuation intentions.The results of the study showed that:(1)affective risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,and hazard-related attributes all directly and positively influence residents'intentions to evacuate;(2)cognitive risk perception is mediated by stakeholder and protective action perceptions,which indirectly and positively affect residents'intentions to evacuate.Based on the hypothesized paths,strategies to improve residents'willingness to evacuate are discussed from the perspective of three core perceptions:strengthening disaster risk education,improving residents'cohesion,and building government credibility.The results of this study can provide theoretical support and practical suggestions for emergency management departments to formulate emergency evacuation strategies,which can aid decision-makers in better understanding residents'intentions to evacuate,optimizing evacuation information dissemination pathways,and strengthening disaster risk management capabilities.展开更多
In underground coal mining,surface subsidence disasters are likely to be induced.Especially,under the condition of multi-seam mining,the movement characteristics of the overlying strata are more complex.Once these cha...In underground coal mining,surface subsidence disasters are likely to be induced.Especially,under the condition of multi-seam mining,the movement characteristics of the overlying strata are more complex.Once these characteristics are transmitted to the surface,it is easy to lead to intensified deformation and the appearance of ground fissures.This not only causes damage to surface buildings but also may have irreversible impacts on the aquifer.Taking 1208#working face of Hongyang No.3 Coal Mine as a case in study,this paper uses the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SBAS-InSAR)technology to systematically monitor and analyze the surface subsidence characteristics of the multi-mining area(MMA)and the single-mining area(SMA)changing over time,with a focus on discussing the subsidence laws of the MMA.The comparative analysis results show that:(1)There is an obvious hysteresis in surface subsidence,the position of the subsidence center basically corresponds to that of the working face,but the influence range of subsidence exceeds the boundary of the working face,besides,significant surface subsidence occurred 36 days after mining the No.1208 working face,and the change in the structure of the overlying strata was transmitted to the surface;(2)Compared with the single-mining area(SMA),the maximum subsidence rate(MSR)and the maximum subsidence value(MSV)in the multi-mining area(MMA)are higher,and both the subsidence center and its influence range are significantly expanded;and(3)After the mining of the working face stops,the subsidence rate slows down,but the subsidence increment in the MMA area is still higher than that in the SMA.The above findings deepen the understanding of the evolution mechanism of surface subsidence disasters caused by multiple mining activities,and provide an important basis for the monitoring,prevention and control of subsidence disasters in similar mining areas.展开更多
As China's Loess Plateau has lately witnessed increasingly extreme precipitation events,it is important to analyze the impact of extreme precipitation and identify the conditions for the occurrence of geological d...As China's Loess Plateau has lately witnessed increasingly extreme precipitation events,it is important to analyze the impact of extreme precipitation and identify the conditions for the occurrence of geological disasters.Field surveys can provide detailed geological information in this regard but are time consuming and labor intensive.In this paper,we provide a case study on the Gutun catchment of Yan'an,which was affected by prolonged heavy rainfall in July 2013.We used Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data obtained by processing ZY-03 stereo-pair images before and after the rainy season,including the period of prolonged heavy rainfall mentioned above,to analyze the topographical changes triggered by the rainfall.The results showed the following:(1)The rainy season reduced the elevation of the catchment by about 1.7 cm.The major change in its elevation ranged from-0.5 to 0 m,accounting for 38.41%of the overall area of change and dominating above 70 m of slope height.(2)The rainy season increased the average inclination of the slopes in the area from 28.81°to 28.95°,while the range of their peak inclination was mainly distributed in the range of 24°-36°.(3)Sunny and half-sunny slopes exhibited a greater loss in elevation,while shady and half-shady slopes exhibited an increase in elevation.More drastic topographical changes were observed in the shady and half-shady slopes.(4)The morphology of the area that had undergone a reduction in elevation was characterized by concave slopes,while convex slopes abounded in the area with increased elevation.(5)The sunny or shady properties of the slope aspect constituted the key factor influencing the topographical changes,followed by the height,inclination,and shape of the slopes.The work here can provide guidance for measures related to disaster prevention and mitigation.展开更多
To thoroughly investigate the damage evolution of anchorage structures under corrosive conditions,laboratory simulations of corrosive environments were conducted,including corrosion tests and mechanical performance ev...To thoroughly investigate the damage evolution of anchorage structures under corrosive conditions,laboratory simulations of corrosive environments were conducted,including corrosion tests and mechanical performance evaluations on anchorage systems.Based on experimental results,relationships were analyzed between factors(prestress,pH value,and anti-corrosion methods)and the corrosion degree,macro-micro characteristics,and mechanical performance degradation patterns of specimens.The results of the test indicated that:(1)the corrosion of coal bodies increases over time,and lower pH environments correspond to lower uniaxial compressive strength of coal bodies;(2)the corrosion of the rock bolts increases over time,the maximum mechanical performance in the rock bolts loss occurs at pH=5.0,and higher prestress of the rock bolts leads to greater mechanical degradation,and galvanization effectively reduces corrosion in functional rock bolts;(3)the degree of corrosion in the anchorage bodies has increases over time,pH=5.0 causes maximum bond strength of the anchorage bodies property loss and increases the prestress in the anchorage bodies exacerbates bond strength degradation,and double anti-protected anchorage bodies show less bond strength loss than ordinary ones.The corrosion-induced structural deterioration of underground anchorage systems leads to significant mechanical performance degradation,potentially causing support failure,surrounding rock instability,and roof fall disasters.Greater attention therefore needs to be paid to this area.展开更多
Oceans occupy approximately seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface,and vast regions of oceans are virtually unexplored,especially the deep parts where humans have never been.Therefore,it is urgent to understand o...Oceans occupy approximately seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface,and vast regions of oceans are virtually unexplored,especially the deep parts where humans have never been.Therefore,it is urgent to understand our oceans from a number of perspectives.In this paper,the concept of Smart Ocean(SO)is constructed from the perspectives of environmental protection,sustainable development of the blue economy and marine disaster prevention and mitigation.First,a doublefunnel structure concept model of SO,including ocean observation infrastructure,data,information,application,knowledge and decision support layers,is put forward.Second,the differences between SO and Digital Ocean(DO)are analyzed.Third,taking the Decision Support System for Emergency at Taiwan Strait as an example,a case study,which has assisted in saving more than 200 people,is introduced.Finally,future research agenda is summarized into seven aspects,including new instrumentation and sensor technologies,ocean big data mining and knowledge discovering,prediction,forecast and uncertainty analysis,ocean environment protection technologies and policy,sustainable use of ocean energy and resource,the influence and response to global changes in the ocean,and interdisciplinary collaboration and public service.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3007900)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106204)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Basic Research Program(Natural Science Foundation)(No.BK20220082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271271)the Major Science&Technology Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources(No.SKS-2022025).
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.
文摘On July 10,2004,Beijing was hit by the rainstorm that has not been seen for many years,which caused water accumulation in many places of the urban area,power supply interruption in many places,and traffic paralysis for nearly 5 h. On July 12,2004,the rainstorm in Shanghai lasted less than 1 h,but it caused 7 deaths,more than 20 injuries,extensive power outages and traffic paralysis. At the end of 2005,the continuous snowfall in Weihai City of Shandong Province for half a month caused direct economic losses of over 200 million yuan,and the continuous heavy snowfall had a serious impact on people’s lives. From July 17 to 23,2021,Henan Province suffered a rare extremely heavy rainstorm in history,with a direct economic loss of 120.6 billion yuan. Faced with such urban meteorological disasters and other types of urban disasters,combined with the current situation of disaster prevention and reduction in China,what will managers,decision-makers,and experts and scholars think about from them.
文摘Using summer(June-August)precipitation observation data in 10 representative stations of Shaoyang City during 1971-2021 and disaster data caused by summer rainstorm in nine counties(cities)and four districts of Shaoyang during 1981-2021,statistical analysis on summer rainstorm and its caused disaster in Shaoyang was conducted,and spatial and temporal characteristics of summer rainstorm and spatial distribution rule of disaster were found out.The results showed that(1)the rainstorm disaster in Shaoyang City occurs almost every year and is highly seasonal.(2)Rainstorm disaster loss is the first of other meteorological disasters.(3)The summer rainstorm disaster has the characteristics of sudden and destructive.On this basis,the relative grades of rainstorm disaster risk degree and disaster loss degree were divided,and the risk assessment of rainstorm and flood disaster in Shaoyang City was made,and the disaster prevention and mitigation measures and countermeasures were put forward.The research could provide scientific decision basis for party and government departments guiding flood fighting and disaster relief.
文摘As an earthquake-prone country, China has experienced many large-scale earthquakes, such as the Tangshan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake, which have brought very serious loss of life and property to the people. Especially in Gansu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Qinghai and other areas, especially in earthquake-prone areas, not only will cause direct loss of life and property, but also there will be a variety of secondary geological hazards, which have a very adverse impact on social development. This requires the construction of geological disaster prevention and mitigation system in earthquake-prone areas, summing up the previous experience in earthquake prevention and mitigation, and taking effective measures to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes and provides a reliable guarantee for the safety of people's lives and property.
文摘Based on the current situation of marine disaster prevention and mitigation in Caofeidian district, this paper analyzes and summarizes the situation that the information sharing mechanism of marine disaster prevention and mitigation needs to be improved. The results of marine disaster risk investigation and hidden danger investigation have not been effectively applied, and the technical force of disaster prevention and mitigation at the grass-roots level needs to be strengthened, and the level of monitoring, early warning and forecasting needs to be improved, and the emergency plan of marine disaster needs to be revised. This paper puts forward eight countermeasures and suggestions, namely, strengthening the marine basic research work in Caofeidian area, strengthening the scientific spatial planning with Lu Dinghais concept, perfecting Caofeidian areas engineering disaster prevention system, improving Caofeidian areas marine disaster monitoring and early warning ability, strengthening the marine disaster emergency organization and guarantee system, improving the public service and information level of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, strengthening the team building of marine disaster prevention and mitigation institutions, and strengthening the publicity, education and training of marine disaster prevention and mitigation, which will provide a basis for effective marine disaster prevention and emergency management in Caofeidian area and gradually improve its marine disaster prevention and mitigation ability.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671283)。
文摘With the development of economy,China has gradually begun to pay attention to the protection of the natural environment.Under the concept of"lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets",importance has been attached to the development of forestry economy.The protection of forest resources and the prevention and control of disasters are important contents and necessary components in the construction of China's forestry ecological environment.Through the analysis and research on the types of forest disasters(forest fires,biological disasters,meteorological disasters,geological disasters,deforestation)and disaster-causing factors,some basic countermeasures were put forward with the aim to enhance the production capacity of forest resources,improve the ecological environment of forest resources and prevent forest resource disasters.
基金Supported by Meteorological Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Meteorological Bureau(Guiqike2017Z06)Special Project for Forecasters of China Meteorological Administration(CMAYBY2020-096).
文摘The research aimed to prevent and reduce rainstorm disaster in the Jinji River of Yongfu County,Guilin City.Distribution of population,cultivated land and GDP in the Jinji River were analyzed,and the influence of historical rainstorm process was studied.Moreover,high risk area of meteorological disasters and the region not suitable for constructing residential areas,development zones and projects were distinguished,and its influence on agriculture and forestry was analyzed.If it was necessary to build residential areas,development zones and projects or the human society has already been in the high-risk area of meteorological disasters and it was difficult to move,what engineering measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of risks.The research could provide scientific basis for design standard of disaster prevention engineering,to prevent the occurrence of disaster risk.
基金Supported by Technological Project of Shaanxi (2007K03-01)the Constructive Spot for Distinctive Major of Shaanxi Tourism Management (110206)Construction of the Key Subject in Natural Geography,Xiangyang Normal University~~
文摘Main meteorological disasters and their destruction on tourism landscape (including natural landscape and human landscape) were analyzed by using the methods of statistical analysis and cited examples, the impact of meteorological disasters on tourism brand, tourism decision, tourism transport, peak tourist season and the threat on tourism industry chain were studied, the main tourism meteorological disasters in North China, East China, Central China, Northeast Region, Southeast Region and Southwest Region were summarized, and some comprehensive measures of meteorological disaster for prevention and mitigation were put forward.
基金funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program,grant number 2019QZKK0905the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 42272339,42201162,42101121the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering,grant number SKLFSE-ZQ-58,SKLFSE-ZT-202203,SKLFSE-ZY-20.
文摘There are a large number of lakes,rivers,and other natural water bodies distributed in the permafrost area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The changes in water bodies will affect the distribution of water resources in sur-rounding areas and downstream areas,resulting in environmental impact and bringing potential flood disasters,which will induce more serious issues and problems in alpine and high-altitude areas with a fragile habitat(such as the QTP in China).Generally,effective,reasonable,and scientific monitoring of large-scale water bodies can not only document the changes in water bodies intuitively,but also provide important theoretical reference for subsequent environmental impact prediction,and disaster prevention and mitigation in due course of time.The large-scale water extraction technology derived from the optical remote sensing(RS)image is seriously affected by clouds,bringing about large differences among the extracted water result products.Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)RS technology has the unique advantage characteristics of all-weather,all-day,strong penetration,and not being affected by clouds,which is hopeful in extracting water body data,especially for days with cloudy weather.The data extraction of large-scale water bodies based on SAR images can effectively avoid the errors caused by clouds that become prevalent at present.In this paper,the Hoh Xil Salt Lake on the QTP and its surrounding five lakes are taken as the research objects.The 2-scene Sentinel-1 SAR image data covering the whole area on 22 August 2022 was used to verify the feasibility of extracting water body data in permafrost zones.Furthermore,on 22 August 2022,the wealth here was cloudy,which made the optical RS images,e.g.,Sentinel-2 images full of clouds.The results show that:using the Sentinel-1 image and threshold segmentation method to extract water body data is efficient and effective with excellent results in permafrost areas.Concretely,the Sentinel-1 dual-polarized water index(SDWI),calculated by combining dual vertical–vertical(VV)polarized and verti-cal–horizontal(VH)polarized data is a useful index for water extraction and the result is better than each of the VV or VH polarized images.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52238011,52208456)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20220031)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(ZDSYS20210929115800001).
文摘Construction of disaster-resilient cities has attracted considerable attention.However,traditional methods of studying urban disaster resilience through experimental approaches are often constrained by various limitations,such as testing sites,costs and ethical considerations.To address these constraints,this paper proposes incor-porating digital twin concepts into urban disaster resilience research.By establishing a connection between the physical realm of the city and its virtual counterpart,this approach utilizes digital simulations to overcome the limitations of experimental methods and enables dynamic deduction and control of the disaster process.This pa-per delves into three key aspects encompassing the acquisition of data from reality to the virtual space,disaster simulation within the virtual space,and translation of virtual insights into effective disaster prevention strate-gies in reality.It provides a comprehensive summary of relevant research endeavors from the authors’research group and showcases the effectiveness and potential of the proposed techniques.These findings serve as refer-ences for pre-disaster planning,real-time emergency assessments,post-disaster rescue operations,and accident investigations for buildings and cities.
基金Supported by Remote Sensing Support for Offshore Ocean Environment and Polar Sea Ice Early Warning Services(102121201550000009004)。
文摘This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural launch in 2002,China has achieved substantial advancements in ocean satellite technology,forming an observation system composed of the HY-1,HY-2,and HY-3 series satellites.These satellites are integral to global ocean environmental monitoring due to their high resolution,extensive coverage,and frequent observations.Looking forward,China aims to further enhance and expand its ocean satellite capabilities through ongoing projects to support global environmental protection and sustainable development.
基金Supported by the Project of Heilongjiang Meteorological Bureau(HQZC2018043)。
文摘Heilongjiang Province is the granary of China,which plays a key role in ensuring the national food security.The total grain output of Heilongjiang Province has ranked first in China for 12 consecutive years.In the past four years,it has been stable at more than 75 billion kg,a record high.One bowl of rice in every nine bowls in China comes from Heilongjiang.The work of weather modification and disaster prevention and reduction is an important measure to ensure the development of agricultural production,and is the key of meteorological services for agriculture.Based on the actual work of artificial weather modification in Heilongjiang Province,this paper analyzes the current situation of ground operation in Heilongjiang Province,studies and judges the safety production,and puts forward reasonable countermeasures.The purpose is to improve the ground operation ability of artificial weather modification and provide safe and scientific services for agricultural production.
文摘Aiming at the selection of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DH methods in the previous studies, this paper evaluate the qualitative index system using expert questionnaire, the self-learning BP neural network model to construct the index of system, and complete the establishment of model, in order to avoid the serious subjectivity, and using statistical and measurement methods test the reliability index, analyze the validity of the evaluation index system and completeness. Finally, the paper validate the practicability of the model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20111)the National key R&D Program(2022YFC3080100)。
文摘The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,the effect of the interactions between perception factors on residents'willingness to evacuate is an urgent problem to be solved.Therefore,this paper introduces risk,stakeholder,and protective action perceptions from the protective action decision model as the main explanatory variables.These three core perceptions are subdivided into affective risk perception,cognitive risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,resourcerelated attributes,and hazard-related attributes.A questionnaire survey was conducted from June to July 2023 among residents of mountainous communities in nine villages in three towns in Sichuan Province,China.359 cross-sectional data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to explore the effects of six perception factors on evacuation intentions.The results of the study showed that:(1)affective risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,and hazard-related attributes all directly and positively influence residents'intentions to evacuate;(2)cognitive risk perception is mediated by stakeholder and protective action perceptions,which indirectly and positively affect residents'intentions to evacuate.Based on the hypothesized paths,strategies to improve residents'willingness to evacuate are discussed from the perspective of three core perceptions:strengthening disaster risk education,improving residents'cohesion,and building government credibility.The results of this study can provide theoretical support and practical suggestions for emergency management departments to formulate emergency evacuation strategies,which can aid decision-makers in better understanding residents'intentions to evacuate,optimizing evacuation information dissemination pathways,and strengthening disaster risk management capabilities.
基金supported by the financial support of National Youth Science Fund(NYSF)of China(No.52304218).
文摘In underground coal mining,surface subsidence disasters are likely to be induced.Especially,under the condition of multi-seam mining,the movement characteristics of the overlying strata are more complex.Once these characteristics are transmitted to the surface,it is easy to lead to intensified deformation and the appearance of ground fissures.This not only causes damage to surface buildings but also may have irreversible impacts on the aquifer.Taking 1208#working face of Hongyang No.3 Coal Mine as a case in study,this paper uses the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SBAS-InSAR)technology to systematically monitor and analyze the surface subsidence characteristics of the multi-mining area(MMA)and the single-mining area(SMA)changing over time,with a focus on discussing the subsidence laws of the MMA.The comparative analysis results show that:(1)There is an obvious hysteresis in surface subsidence,the position of the subsidence center basically corresponds to that of the working face,but the influence range of subsidence exceeds the boundary of the working face,besides,significant surface subsidence occurred 36 days after mining the No.1208 working face,and the change in the structure of the overlying strata was transmitted to the surface;(2)Compared with the single-mining area(SMA),the maximum subsidence rate(MSR)and the maximum subsidence value(MSV)in the multi-mining area(MMA)are higher,and both the subsidence center and its influence range are significantly expanded;and(3)After the mining of the working face stops,the subsidence rate slows down,but the subsidence increment in the MMA area is still higher than that in the SMA.The above findings deepen the understanding of the evolution mechanism of surface subsidence disasters caused by multiple mining activities,and provide an important basis for the monitoring,prevention and control of subsidence disasters in similar mining areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42271279,No.41931293,No.41801175Taishan Industrial Experts Program。
文摘As China's Loess Plateau has lately witnessed increasingly extreme precipitation events,it is important to analyze the impact of extreme precipitation and identify the conditions for the occurrence of geological disasters.Field surveys can provide detailed geological information in this regard but are time consuming and labor intensive.In this paper,we provide a case study on the Gutun catchment of Yan'an,which was affected by prolonged heavy rainfall in July 2013.We used Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data obtained by processing ZY-03 stereo-pair images before and after the rainy season,including the period of prolonged heavy rainfall mentioned above,to analyze the topographical changes triggered by the rainfall.The results showed the following:(1)The rainy season reduced the elevation of the catchment by about 1.7 cm.The major change in its elevation ranged from-0.5 to 0 m,accounting for 38.41%of the overall area of change and dominating above 70 m of slope height.(2)The rainy season increased the average inclination of the slopes in the area from 28.81°to 28.95°,while the range of their peak inclination was mainly distributed in the range of 24°-36°.(3)Sunny and half-sunny slopes exhibited a greater loss in elevation,while shady and half-shady slopes exhibited an increase in elevation.More drastic topographical changes were observed in the shady and half-shady slopes.(4)The morphology of the area that had undergone a reduction in elevation was characterized by concave slopes,while convex slopes abounded in the area with increased elevation.(5)The sunny or shady properties of the slope aspect constituted the key factor influencing the topographical changes,followed by the height,inclination,and shape of the slopes.The work here can provide guidance for measures related to disaster prevention and mitigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Damage Mechanism and Stability Precursor Characteristics of Gradient Enclosure Structures in Impact Hazardous Roadways under Dynamic and Static Loads(No.52374201).
文摘To thoroughly investigate the damage evolution of anchorage structures under corrosive conditions,laboratory simulations of corrosive environments were conducted,including corrosion tests and mechanical performance evaluations on anchorage systems.Based on experimental results,relationships were analyzed between factors(prestress,pH value,and anti-corrosion methods)and the corrosion degree,macro-micro characteristics,and mechanical performance degradation patterns of specimens.The results of the test indicated that:(1)the corrosion of coal bodies increases over time,and lower pH environments correspond to lower uniaxial compressive strength of coal bodies;(2)the corrosion of the rock bolts increases over time,the maximum mechanical performance in the rock bolts loss occurs at pH=5.0,and higher prestress of the rock bolts leads to greater mechanical degradation,and galvanization effectively reduces corrosion in functional rock bolts;(3)the degree of corrosion in the anchorage bodies has increases over time,pH=5.0 causes maximum bond strength of the anchorage bodies property loss and increases the prestress in the anchorage bodies exacerbates bond strength degradation,and double anti-protected anchorage bodies show less bond strength loss than ordinary ones.The corrosion-induced structural deterioration of underground anchorage systems leads to significant mechanical performance degradation,potentially causing support failure,surrounding rock instability,and roof fall disasters.Greater attention therefore needs to be paid to this area.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA20020101]the National Key R&D Programs of China[grant number 2017YFB0504201]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 61473286 and 61375002].
文摘Oceans occupy approximately seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface,and vast regions of oceans are virtually unexplored,especially the deep parts where humans have never been.Therefore,it is urgent to understand our oceans from a number of perspectives.In this paper,the concept of Smart Ocean(SO)is constructed from the perspectives of environmental protection,sustainable development of the blue economy and marine disaster prevention and mitigation.First,a doublefunnel structure concept model of SO,including ocean observation infrastructure,data,information,application,knowledge and decision support layers,is put forward.Second,the differences between SO and Digital Ocean(DO)are analyzed.Third,taking the Decision Support System for Emergency at Taiwan Strait as an example,a case study,which has assisted in saving more than 200 people,is introduced.Finally,future research agenda is summarized into seven aspects,including new instrumentation and sensor technologies,ocean big data mining and knowledge discovering,prediction,forecast and uncertainty analysis,ocean environment protection technologies and policy,sustainable use of ocean energy and resource,the influence and response to global changes in the ocean,and interdisciplinary collaboration and public service.
