English prefix dis- and tin- are commonly surveyed along with some other negative prefixes. However, there are many cases in which prefix dis- and un- can be attached to the same root, causing the difficulty in distin...English prefix dis- and tin- are commonly surveyed along with some other negative prefixes. However, there are many cases in which prefix dis- and un- can be attached to the same root, causing the difficulty in distinguishing the comprehension of the two prefixes＇ semantic roles. Considering this issue, this paper endeavors to clarify the respective morphological processes and explain their specific semantic roles.展开更多
Myocyte enhancer factor 2B （MEF2B） gene belongs to myocyte enhancer factor 2 （MEF2） gene family. They are all widely expressed in muscle and nerve tissues of human and animals. MEF2B plays an important role in the...Myocyte enhancer factor 2B （MEF2B） gene belongs to myocyte enhancer factor 2 （MEF2） gene family. They are all widely expressed in muscle and nerve tissues of human and animals. MEF2B plays an important role in the growth of muscle, development and differentiation of nerve system and liver fibrosis. This re- view mainly focused on the structural characteristics, tissue distribution, biological functions and research progress of MEF2B gene in human and animals.展开更多
Yangfujing 7A, derived from the cross between Xu 9201A and Yangfujing 7 and its successive backcrosses, is a BT-type japonica CMS line developed by the Agricultural Institute of Riparian Region of Jiangsu Province. It...Yangfujing 7A, derived from the cross between Xu 9201A and Yangfujing 7 and its successive backcrosses, is a BT-type japonica CMS line developed by the Agricultural Institute of Riparian Region of Jiangsu Province. It shows good integrat- ed characteristics, stable male sterility, good flowering habits, high out crossing rate, strong disease resistance, fine grain quality （reaching the 1st class of national standards for fine quality rice） and high combining ability. In 2012, it was technically identified in Jiangsu Province. Its F1 hybrid combination Tongyoujingl （Yangfujing 7 A/R98）, showing high yield and good grain quality, was registered and released to commercial production by Jiangsu Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013.展开更多
This article presents an analysis of the scattering of anti-plane shear waves from a single cylindrical inhomogeneity partially bonded to an unbounded magneto-electro-elastic matrix. The magneto-electric permeable bou...This article presents an analysis of the scattering of anti-plane shear waves from a single cylindrical inhomogeneity partially bonded to an unbounded magneto-electro-elastic matrix. The magneto-electric permeable boundary conditions are adopted. The crack opening displacement is represented by Chebyshev polynomials and a system of equations is derived and solved for the unknown coefficients. Some examples are calculated and the results are illustrated. The results show that the COD increases when the piezomagnetic coefficient of the inhomogeneity bonded to the piezoelectric matrix becomes larger, and that the COD decreases when the piezomagnetic coefficient of the matrix with the piezoelectric inhomogeneity increases.展开更多
In the present paper, a physical model is proposed for reducing the problem of the drag reduction of an attached bow shock around the nose of a high-speed vehicle with on-board discharge, to the problem of a balance b...In the present paper, a physical model is proposed for reducing the problem of the drag reduction of an attached bow shock around the nose of a high-speed vehicle with on-board discharge, to the problem of a balance between the magnetic pressure and gas pressure of plane shock of a partially ionized gas consisting of the environmental gas around the nose of the vehicle and the on-board discharge-produced plasma. The relation between the shock strength and the discharge-induced magnetic pressure is studied by means of a set of one-fluid, hydromagnetic equations reformed for the present purpose, where the discharge-induced magnetic field consists of the electron current （produced by the discharge）-induced magnetic field and the partially ionized gas flow-induced one. A formula for the relation between the above parameters is derived. It shows that the discharge-induced magnetic pressure can minimize the shock strength, successfully explaining the two recent experimental observations on attached bow shock mitigation and elimination in a supersonic flow during on-board discharge [Phys. Plasmas 9 （2002） 721 and Phys. Plasmas 7 （2000） 1345]. In addition, the formula implies that the shock elimination leaves room for a layer of higher-density plasma rampart moving around the nose of the vehicle, being favourable to the plasma radar cloaking of the vehicle. The reason for it is expounded.展开更多
The risk of developing neoplasia leading to colorectal cancer is significantly increased in ulcerative colitis (UC) and most likely in Crohn's disease. Several endoscopic surveillance strategies have been implemen...The risk of developing neoplasia leading to colorectal cancer is significantly increased in ulcerative colitis (UC) and most likely in Crohn's disease. Several endoscopic surveillance strategies have been implemented to identify these lesions. The main issue is that colitisassociated neoplasms often occurs in flat mucosa, often being detected on taking random biopsies rather than by identification of these lesions via endoscopic imaging. The standard diagnostic procedure in long lasting UC is to take four biopsies every 10 cm. Image enhancement methods, such as chromoendoscopy and virtual histology using endomicroscopy, have greatly im- proved neoplasia detection rates and may contribute toreduced random biopsies by taking targeted "smart" biopsies. Chromoendoscopy may effectively be performed by experienced endoscopists for routine screening of UC patients. By contrast, endomicroscopy is often only available in selected specialized endoscopic centers. Importantly, advanced endoscopic imaging has the poten- tial to increase the detection rate of neoplasia whereas the interplay between endoscopic experience and interpretation of histological biopsy evaluation allows the physician to make a proper diagnosis and to find the appropriate therapeutic approach. Colitis-associated intraepithelial neoplasms may occur in flat mucosa of endoscopically normal appearance or may arise as dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM), which may be indistinguishable from sporadic adenomas in healthy or non-colitis mucosa [adenoma-like mass (ALM)]. The aim of this review was to summarize endoscopic and histological characteristics of DALM and ALM in the context of therapeutic procedures.展开更多
The main objective of this paper is to study the singular natureof the crack-tip stress and electric displacement field in afunctionally gradient piezoelectric medium having materialcoefficients with a discontinuous d...The main objective of this paper is to study the singular natureof the crack-tip stress and electric displacement field in afunctionally gradient piezoelectric medium having materialcoefficients with a discontinuous derivative. The problem isconsidered for the simplest possible loading and geometry, namely,the anti-plane shear stress and electric displacement in -plane oftwo bonded half spaces in which the crack is parallel to theinterface.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate clinicopathologic parameters and the clinical significance related lymphovascular invasion (LVI) by immunohistochemical staining (IHCS) in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: Between May ...AIM: To evaluate clinicopathologic parameters and the clinical significance related lymphovascular invasion (LVI) by immunohistochemical staining (IHCS) in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: Between May 2005 and May 2010, a total of 348 lesions from 321 patients (mean age 63 ± 10 years, men 74.6%) with early gastric cancer (EGC) who met indication criteria after ESD were analyzed retrospectively. The 348 lesions were divided into the absolute (n = 100, differentiated mucosal cancer without ulcer ≤ 20 mm) and expanded (n = 248) indica-tion groups after ESD. The 248 lesions were divided into four subgroups according to the expanded ESD indication. The presence of LVI was determined by factor Ⅷ-related antigen and D2-40 assessment. We compared LVI IHCS-negative group with LVI IHCSpositive in each group. RESULTS: LVI by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HES) and IHCS were all negative in the absolute group, while was observed in only the expanded groups. The positive rate of LVI by IHCS was higher than that of LVI by HES (n = 1, 0.4% vs n = 11, 4.4%, P = 0.044). LVI IHCS-positivity was observed when the cancer invaded to the mucosa 3 (M3) or submucosa 1 (SM1) levels, with a predominance of 63.6% in the subgroup that included only SM1 cancer (P < 0.01). In a univariate analysis, M3 or SM1 invasion by the tumor was significantly associated with a higher rate of LVI by IHCS, but no factor was significant in a multivariate analysis. There were no cases of tumor recurrence or metastasis during the median 26 mo follow-up. CONCLUSION: EGCs of the absolute group are immunohistochemically stable. The presence of LVI may be carefully examined by IHCS in an ESD expanded indication group with an invasion depth of M3 or greater.展开更多
Rectification for airborne linear images is an indispensable preprocessing step. This paper presents in detail a two-step rectification algorithm. The first step is to establish the model of direct georeference positi...Rectification for airborne linear images is an indispensable preprocessing step. This paper presents in detail a two-step rectification algorithm. The first step is to establish the model of direct georeference position using the data provided by the Po- sitioning and Orientation System (POS) and obtain the mathematical relationships between the image points and ground reference points. The second step is to apply polynomial distortion model and Bilinear Interpolation to get the final precise rectified images. In this step, a reference image is required and some ground control points (GCPs) are selected. Experiments showed that the final rectified images are satisfactory, and that our two-step rectification algorithm is very effective.展开更多
A self-consistent model of high-frequency electrodeless lamps with internM coils is developed. Radial distributions of the plasma parameters are obtained. Mercury lines with wavelength of 435.8 nm and 365 nm are measu...A self-consistent model of high-frequency electrodeless lamps with internM coils is developed. Radial distributions of the plasma parameters are obtained. Mercury lines with wavelength of 435.8 nm and 365 nm are measured to testify the model. Based on the model, the population of resonance state 63p1 of mercury in dependence on the argon pressure and driving frequency is calculated. It is shown that the population of 63p1 of mercury is larger when the argon pressure is between 26.6 Pa and 53.2 Pa. Meanwhile the driving frequency has little influence on the population of 63P1.展开更多
Applying Lagrange-Germain＇s theory of elas- tic thin plates and Hamiltonian formulation, the dynamics of cantilever plates and the problem of its vibration control are studied, and a general solution is finally given...Applying Lagrange-Germain＇s theory of elas- tic thin plates and Hamiltonian formulation, the dynamics of cantilever plates and the problem of its vibration control are studied, and a general solution is finally given. Based on Hamiltonian and Lagrangian density function, we can obtain the flexural wave equation of the plate and the relationship between the transverse and the longitudinal eigenvalues. Based on eigenfunction expansion, dispersion equations of propagation mode of cantilever plates are deduced. By satisfying the boundary conditions of cantilever plates, the natural frequencies of the cantilever plate structure can be given. Then, analytic solution of the problem in plate structure is obtained. An hybrid wave/mode control approach, which is based on both independent modal space control and wave control methods, is described and adopted to analyze the active vibration control of cantilever plates. The low-order （controlled by modal control） and the high-order （controlled by wave control） frequency response of plates are both improved. The control spillover is avoided and the robustness of the system is also improved. Finally, simulation results are analyzed and discussed.展开更多
Objectives To investigate the effects of testosterone enanthate (TE) on serum lip- ids and lipoproteins metabolism and the expression of androgen receptor (AR) , estrogen receptor beta ( ER - β) and platelet derived ...Objectives To investigate the effects of testosterone enanthate (TE) on serum lip- ids and lipoproteins metabolism and the expression of androgen receptor (AR) , estrogen receptor beta ( ER - β) and platelet derived growth factor beta ( PDGFR - β) in aortic vascular smooth muscle tissues (VSMTs). Methods Forty aged male rats were ran- domly divided into 4 groups, group A (placebo group) , group B (2. 5 mg/kg intramuscular injection of TE once a week ) , group C (5.0 mg/kg intramuscular injection of TE once a week ) , group D ( 10. 0 mg/kg intramus- cular injection of TE once a week). All animals were fed freely during 16 - week treatment periods. The ex- pression of AR ,ER - βand PDGFR - β were studied by Western bolt. Results Average serum LDL - C was lower in group D than that in group A ( p < 0. 01 ). Compared with the other groups, average serum TC was also lower in group D (p <0. 05). AR expression in aortic vascular smooth muscle tissues could be regulated by TE: 99.50 ±21.74, 125.38 ±28.68 and 101.98 ± 15.42 for TE concentrations at 2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg, respectively , the expression of ER - β could be regulated by TE: 92. 34 ± 18. 68, 47. 72 ± 18.12, 82.13 ±23.50, and the expression of PDGFR - β could be regulated as well by TE: 219.70 ±45. 59, 50.16 ±9. 72, 125.36 ±15. 74(Data for AR ,ER-β and PDGFR - β protein band intensity were expressed with x ± s, with control group taken as 100 ).Conclusions This study indicates that androgens have significant effects on serum lipids and lipoprotein metabolism. Testosterone enanthate at 5. 0 mg/kg can stimulate the expression of AR, but inhibite the expres- sion of PDGFR. Testosterone enanthate at the concen- trations of 5. 0 mg/kg and 10. 0 mg/kg can inhibite the expression of ER - β.展开更多
In this paper,optimize-then-discretize,variational discretization and the finite volume method are applied to solve the distributed optimal control problems governed by a second order hyperbolic equation.A semi-discre...In this paper,optimize-then-discretize,variational discretization and the finite volume method are applied to solve the distributed optimal control problems governed by a second order hyperbolic equation.A semi-discrete optimal system is obtained.We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the semidiscrete optimal system and obtain the optimal order error estimates in L ∞(J;L 2)-and L ∞(J;H 1)-norm.Numerical experiments are presented to test these theoretical results.展开更多
文摘English prefix dis- and tin- are commonly surveyed along with some other negative prefixes. However, there are many cases in which prefix dis- and un- can be attached to the same root, causing the difficulty in distinguishing the comprehension of the two prefixes＇ semantic roles. Considering this issue, this paper endeavors to clarify the respective morphological processes and explain their specific semantic roles.
基金Supported by Financial Project from Ministry of Agriculture(2014-2130135)Specia Fund for Basal Scientific Research of Central Public-interest Scientific Institutes,Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Chinese Academy of Agricultura Sciences(2014ywf-yb-7)~~
文摘Myocyte enhancer factor 2B （MEF2B） gene belongs to myocyte enhancer factor 2 （MEF2） gene family. They are all widely expressed in muscle and nerve tissues of human and animals. MEF2B plays an important role in the growth of muscle, development and differentiation of nerve system and liver fibrosis. This re- view mainly focused on the structural characteristics, tissue distribution, biological functions and research progress of MEF2B gene in human and animals.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Nantong City,Jiangsu Province(HL2012019)~~
文摘Yangfujing 7A, derived from the cross between Xu 9201A and Yangfujing 7 and its successive backcrosses, is a BT-type japonica CMS line developed by the Agricultural Institute of Riparian Region of Jiangsu Province. It shows good integrat- ed characteristics, stable male sterility, good flowering habits, high out crossing rate, strong disease resistance, fine grain quality （reaching the 1st class of national standards for fine quality rice） and high combining ability. In 2012, it was technically identified in Jiangsu Province. Its F1 hybrid combination Tongyoujingl （Yangfujing 7 A/R98）, showing high yield and good grain quality, was registered and released to commercial production by Jiangsu Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10132010 and 50135030).
文摘This article presents an analysis of the scattering of anti-plane shear waves from a single cylindrical inhomogeneity partially bonded to an unbounded magneto-electro-elastic matrix. The magneto-electric permeable boundary conditions are adopted. The crack opening displacement is represented by Chebyshev polynomials and a system of equations is derived and solved for the unknown coefficients. Some examples are calculated and the results are illustrated. The results show that the COD increases when the piezomagnetic coefficient of the inhomogeneity bonded to the piezoelectric matrix becomes larger, and that the COD decreases when the piezomagnetic coefficient of the matrix with the piezoelectric inhomogeneity increases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 40390150 and 10005001）.
文摘In the present paper, a physical model is proposed for reducing the problem of the drag reduction of an attached bow shock around the nose of a high-speed vehicle with on-board discharge, to the problem of a balance between the magnetic pressure and gas pressure of plane shock of a partially ionized gas consisting of the environmental gas around the nose of the vehicle and the on-board discharge-produced plasma. The relation between the shock strength and the discharge-induced magnetic pressure is studied by means of a set of one-fluid, hydromagnetic equations reformed for the present purpose, where the discharge-induced magnetic field consists of the electron current （produced by the discharge）-induced magnetic field and the partially ionized gas flow-induced one. A formula for the relation between the above parameters is derived. It shows that the discharge-induced magnetic pressure can minimize the shock strength, successfully explaining the two recent experimental observations on attached bow shock mitigation and elimination in a supersonic flow during on-board discharge [Phys. Plasmas 9 （2002） 721 and Phys. Plasmas 7 （2000） 1345]. In addition, the formula implies that the shock elimination leaves room for a layer of higher-density plasma rampart moving around the nose of the vehicle, being favourable to the plasma radar cloaking of the vehicle. The reason for it is expounded.
文摘The risk of developing neoplasia leading to colorectal cancer is significantly increased in ulcerative colitis (UC) and most likely in Crohn's disease. Several endoscopic surveillance strategies have been implemented to identify these lesions. The main issue is that colitisassociated neoplasms often occurs in flat mucosa, often being detected on taking random biopsies rather than by identification of these lesions via endoscopic imaging. The standard diagnostic procedure in long lasting UC is to take four biopsies every 10 cm. Image enhancement methods, such as chromoendoscopy and virtual histology using endomicroscopy, have greatly im- proved neoplasia detection rates and may contribute toreduced random biopsies by taking targeted "smart" biopsies. Chromoendoscopy may effectively be performed by experienced endoscopists for routine screening of UC patients. By contrast, endomicroscopy is often only available in selected specialized endoscopic centers. Importantly, advanced endoscopic imaging has the poten- tial to increase the detection rate of neoplasia whereas the interplay between endoscopic experience and interpretation of histological biopsy evaluation allows the physician to make a proper diagnosis and to find the appropriate therapeutic approach. Colitis-associated intraepithelial neoplasms may occur in flat mucosa of endoscopically normal appearance or may arise as dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM), which may be indistinguishable from sporadic adenomas in healthy or non-colitis mucosa [adenoma-like mass (ALM)]. The aim of this review was to summarize endoscopic and histological characteristics of DALM and ALM in the context of therapeutic procedures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10072041)the National Excellent Young Scholar Fund of China (No.10125209)the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of MOE,P.R.C..
文摘The main objective of this paper is to study the singular natureof the crack-tip stress and electric displacement field in afunctionally gradient piezoelectric medium having materialcoefficients with a discontinuous derivative. The problem isconsidered for the simplest possible loading and geometry, namely,the anti-plane shear stress and electric displacement in -plane oftwo bonded half spaces in which the crack is parallel to theinterface.
文摘AIM: To evaluate clinicopathologic parameters and the clinical significance related lymphovascular invasion (LVI) by immunohistochemical staining (IHCS) in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: Between May 2005 and May 2010, a total of 348 lesions from 321 patients (mean age 63 ± 10 years, men 74.6%) with early gastric cancer (EGC) who met indication criteria after ESD were analyzed retrospectively. The 348 lesions were divided into the absolute (n = 100, differentiated mucosal cancer without ulcer ≤ 20 mm) and expanded (n = 248) indica-tion groups after ESD. The 248 lesions were divided into four subgroups according to the expanded ESD indication. The presence of LVI was determined by factor Ⅷ-related antigen and D2-40 assessment. We compared LVI IHCS-negative group with LVI IHCSpositive in each group. RESULTS: LVI by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HES) and IHCS were all negative in the absolute group, while was observed in only the expanded groups. The positive rate of LVI by IHCS was higher than that of LVI by HES (n = 1, 0.4% vs n = 11, 4.4%, P = 0.044). LVI IHCS-positivity was observed when the cancer invaded to the mucosa 3 (M3) or submucosa 1 (SM1) levels, with a predominance of 63.6% in the subgroup that included only SM1 cancer (P < 0.01). In a univariate analysis, M3 or SM1 invasion by the tumor was significantly associated with a higher rate of LVI by IHCS, but no factor was significant in a multivariate analysis. There were no cases of tumor recurrence or metastasis during the median 26 mo follow-up. CONCLUSION: EGCs of the absolute group are immunohistochemically stable. The presence of LVI may be carefully examined by IHCS in an ESD expanded indication group with an invasion depth of M3 or greater.
基金Project (No. 02DZ15001) supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds, China
文摘Rectification for airborne linear images is an indispensable preprocessing step. This paper presents in detail a two-step rectification algorithm. The first step is to establish the model of direct georeference position using the data provided by the Po- sitioning and Orientation System (POS) and obtain the mathematical relationships between the image points and ground reference points. The second step is to apply polynomial distortion model and Bilinear Interpolation to get the final precise rectified images. In this step, a reference image is required and some ground control points (GCPs) are selected. Experiments showed that the final rectified images are satisfactory, and that our two-step rectification algorithm is very effective.
文摘A self-consistent model of high-frequency electrodeless lamps with internM coils is developed. Radial distributions of the plasma parameters are obtained. Mercury lines with wavelength of 435.8 nm and 365 nm are measured to testify the model. Based on the model, the population of resonance state 63p1 of mercury in dependence on the argon pressure and driving frequency is calculated. It is shown that the population of 63p1 of mercury is larger when the argon pressure is between 26.6 Pa and 53.2 Pa. Meanwhile the driving frequency has little influence on the population of 63P1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10572045)
文摘Applying Lagrange-Germain＇s theory of elas- tic thin plates and Hamiltonian formulation, the dynamics of cantilever plates and the problem of its vibration control are studied, and a general solution is finally given. Based on Hamiltonian and Lagrangian density function, we can obtain the flexural wave equation of the plate and the relationship between the transverse and the longitudinal eigenvalues. Based on eigenfunction expansion, dispersion equations of propagation mode of cantilever plates are deduced. By satisfying the boundary conditions of cantilever plates, the natural frequencies of the cantilever plate structure can be given. Then, analytic solution of the problem in plate structure is obtained. An hybrid wave/mode control approach, which is based on both independent modal space control and wave control methods, is described and adopted to analyze the active vibration control of cantilever plates. The low-order （controlled by modal control） and the high-order （controlled by wave control） frequency response of plates are both improved. The control spillover is avoided and the robustness of the system is also improved. Finally, simulation results are analyzed and discussed.
文摘Objectives To investigate the effects of testosterone enanthate (TE) on serum lip- ids and lipoproteins metabolism and the expression of androgen receptor (AR) , estrogen receptor beta ( ER - β) and platelet derived growth factor beta ( PDGFR - β) in aortic vascular smooth muscle tissues (VSMTs). Methods Forty aged male rats were ran- domly divided into 4 groups, group A (placebo group) , group B (2. 5 mg/kg intramuscular injection of TE once a week ) , group C (5.0 mg/kg intramuscular injection of TE once a week ) , group D ( 10. 0 mg/kg intramus- cular injection of TE once a week). All animals were fed freely during 16 - week treatment periods. The ex- pression of AR ,ER - βand PDGFR - β were studied by Western bolt. Results Average serum LDL - C was lower in group D than that in group A ( p < 0. 01 ). Compared with the other groups, average serum TC was also lower in group D (p <0. 05). AR expression in aortic vascular smooth muscle tissues could be regulated by TE: 99.50 ±21.74, 125.38 ±28.68 and 101.98 ± 15.42 for TE concentrations at 2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg, respectively , the expression of ER - β could be regulated by TE: 92. 34 ± 18. 68, 47. 72 ± 18.12, 82.13 ±23.50, and the expression of PDGFR - β could be regulated as well by TE: 219.70 ±45. 59, 50.16 ±9. 72, 125.36 ±15. 74(Data for AR ,ER-β and PDGFR - β protein band intensity were expressed with x ± s, with control group taken as 100 ).Conclusions This study indicates that androgens have significant effects on serum lipids and lipoprotein metabolism. Testosterone enanthate at 5. 0 mg/kg can stimulate the expression of AR, but inhibite the expres- sion of PDGFR. Testosterone enanthate at the concen- trations of 5. 0 mg/kg and 10. 0 mg/kg can inhibite the expression of ER - β.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11261011,11271145 and 11031006)Foundation of Guizhou Science and Technology Department(Grant No.[2011]2098)+2 种基金Foundation for Talent Introduction of Guangdong Provincial UniversitySpecialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No. 20114407110009)the Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(Grant No. 2012KJCX0036)
文摘In this paper,optimize-then-discretize,variational discretization and the finite volume method are applied to solve the distributed optimal control problems governed by a second order hyperbolic equation.A semi-discrete optimal system is obtained.We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the semidiscrete optimal system and obtain the optimal order error estimates in L ∞(J;L 2)-and L ∞(J;H 1)-norm.Numerical experiments are presented to test these theoretical results.
