This webinar is jointly organized by CEN and CENELEC,and Ernst&Young(EY),with the participation of the European Commission Desk Officer,who will deliver the opening remarks.This session will focus specifically on ...This webinar is jointly organized by CEN and CENELEC,and Ernst&Young(EY),with the participation of the European Commission Desk Officer,who will deliver the opening remarks.This session will focus specifically on the Toy Safety Directive and General Product Safety Regulation.Additional sector-specific webinars will follow in the coming months.展开更多
Background:Research on therapeutic processes has explored the elements that enhance psychotherapy’s effectiveness,particularly the role of common factors across various models.The therapist’s use of directiveness an...Background:Research on therapeutic processes has explored the elements that enhance psychotherapy’s effectiveness,particularly the role of common factors across various models.The therapist’s use of directiveness and support,as common variables,is crucial for effective treatment.Effective therapists adapt their level of directiveness and support according to the treatment phase,the issue being addressed,and the patient’s characteristics.This study examines the importance therapists attribute to directiveness and support,as well as its relationship with theoretical orientation,access to research publications,and stance on the similar effectiveness of different psychotherapeutic models.It aims to determine whether therapists’attributions regarding this variable are in line with the importance it is given in process research.Methods:Responses from 69 psychotherapists to the Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness Attribution Questionnaire(PEAQ-12),which assesses the importance therapists place on key psychotherapeutic process variables,including the directiveness and support provided,were analyzed.Theoretical orientations,ages,and experience levels were considered.Non-parametric tests,contingency tables,χ^(2)tests,t-tests,and ANOVAs were used to assess the variation in responses.Results:Common factors were often identified as key contributors to therapeutic healing,though these differences were not statistically significant(χ^(2)(2,N=67)=3.701,p=0.157).For the“directiveness and support from the therapist”variable,significant differences were observed:Cognitive-behavioral therapists valued directiveness and support more than psychodynamic therapists(t(20)=−3.569,p=0.002;Cohen’s d=1.18).Therapists who view cognitive-behavioral therapies as most effective also rated this variable higher(t(38)=3.816,p<0.001;Cohen’s d=1.21).Those regularly accessing specialized psychotherapy research publications valued this variable less than those who do so occasionally(t(64)=−2.693,p=0.009;Cohen’s d=0.65).Therapists who support the similar effectiveness of different models tend to favor common factors,including directiveness and support(χ^(2)(2,N=66)=12.522,p=0.002).Conclusions:Therapists express doubts about the factors influencing psychotherapy’s effectiveness,reflecting the ongoing debate.They align their views on the importance of directiveness and support with their theoretical orientation and positioning on the similar effectiveness of psychotherapies.The importance of analyzing therapists’attributions about the factors responsible for therapeutic change is emphasized,which will impact clinical practice.Advocacy for therapist flexibility and adaptation of therapy to the patient’s needs,including the level of directiveness and support provided,has been shown to be essential for effective psychotherapy.展开更多
Background:Information on the possibility of drawing up Advance Directives(AD)is a necessity,and represents a major medical,ethical,and legal challenge.The difficulties are numerous,both organizational and cultural,an...Background:Information on the possibility of drawing up Advance Directives(AD)is a necessity,and represents a major medical,ethical,and legal challenge.The difficulties are numerous,both organizational and cultural,and this is also true in the context of oncology,where ADs(and more broadly,advanced palliative care)are of critical importance.As an eminently sensitive subject,dealing with ADs(and therefore with end-of-life issues)requires both societal and medical/health-care acculturation.An institutional approach has therefore been developed,to deploy information tools,training professionals,and formalize the collection of AD.Such an approach cannot be implemented without an assessment not only of its objective results but also above all of its psychological effects,on both users(patients,family caregivers)and professionals.Methods:This longitudinal study,based on a mixed-method,interdisciplinary approach,will assess the impact of this information dissemination on AD,in terms of both potential positive and negative effects,using validated measurement methods.Thus,this study follows the 5 criteria of the RE-AIM model,designed to analyze the interest and impact of a device intended for users of the healthcare system;we will use a mixed methodology,relying on both a quantitative component(counting the number of people benefiting from the scheme,and those requesting support in drawing up their DA...,administering questionnaires),as well as a qualitative component(focus groups)which will enable us to study the subjective experiences of users,their relatives and the professionals involved in the scheme.Results:The results of this study will make it possible to determine the effects of this system of assistance in the drafting of ADs,which is currently being promoted by the legislator,but which is struggling to be implemented.展开更多
Objectives:This study aims to develop the Directive and Nondirective Support Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes(DNSS-T2DM)to measure diabetes-specific support and patients’preference as well as evaluate the cons...Objectives:This study aims to develop the Directive and Nondirective Support Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes(DNSS-T2DM)to measure diabetes-specific support and patients’preference as well as evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the DNSS-T2DM.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tongzhou District,Beijing,China from July to September 2015.A total of 474 participants who had been diagnosed as type 2 diabetes by physicians and completed the DNSS-T2DM were included.The original 11-item DNSS-T2DM contains five items on nondirective support(Items 1-5)and six items on directive support(Items 6-11).There were two parallel questions for each item with one to measure the preference for support(Preference part)and the other to measure the perception of support in reality(Reality part).The final DNSS-T2DM was determined based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis(EFA).The construct validity of the final DNSS-T2DM was evaluated by the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).The reliability was evaluated by internal consistency with Cronbach’sαcoefficients.Results:A final 7-item DNSS-T2DM loaded on 2 factors with four items representing nondirective support and three items representing directive support was determined based on the EFA.The CFA indicated a satisfactory construct validity.The internal consistency of the 7-item DNSS-T2DM as well as the nondirective support items was satisfactory with Cronbach’sα≥7.00.70.Conclusions:Our study supported the validity and reliability of the 7-item DNSS-T2DM.Further studies on the application of the DNSS-T2DM in different settings and population are needed.展开更多
Directive(EU)2017/164 establishes a fourth list of indicative occupational exposure limit values(IOELVs)to protect workers from risks of exposure to hazardous chemicals.It states that in underground mining and tunnell...Directive(EU)2017/164 establishes a fourth list of indicative occupational exposure limit values(IOELVs)to protect workers from risks of exposure to hazardous chemicals.It states that in underground mining and tunnelling,Member States may benefit from a transitional period regarding IOELVs for nitrogen monoxide,nitrogen dioxide,and carbon monoxide,during which the existing established IOELVs may be applied.The European Advisory Committee on Health and Safety at Work questions the technical feasibility of the proposed IOELVs in underground mining(CO,NO and NO2)and tunnelling(NO and NO2).Challenges arise concerning the availability of measurement methodologies for compliance with proposed IOELVs(NO2)in underground mining and tunnelling environments.展开更多
This study aimed to examine the effects of empowerment and education intervention to promote Advance Care Planning (ACP) for residents in a highly aged and depopulated region. The study utilized a single-group pre- an...This study aimed to examine the effects of empowerment and education intervention to promote Advance Care Planning (ACP) for residents in a highly aged and depopulated region. The study utilized a single-group pre- and post-test design and was conducted in Osakikamijima, Hiroshima, Japan. The researchers and town officials together formed an ACP committee and created an intervention framework. An ACP workshop was held for the participants and a self-administered questionnaire was carried out before, immediately after, and 3 months after the workshop. A total of 125 residents participated in the workshop and 87 of them completed more than 80% of the questionnaire items, whose responses were analyzed as valid responses. The number of participants who completed the AD increased significantly three months after the workshop (p = 0.008). There was a slight increase in the frequency of consultation with the family, but no change was observed in terms of consultation with healthcare providers. The educational intervention in-creased the respondents’ awareness and knowledge of ACP but did not affect the autonomous decision-making process regarding end-of-life care. This strategic process of ACP empowered the residents’ awareness and attitude towards end-of-life care with an increased completion rate of AD. On the other hand, cognitive barriers remained toward communication and decision-making shared with healthcare providers. Insufficient consultation with family members also became evident. Therefore, a new intervention strategy which helps increase communication with healthcare providers needs to be formulated and guidelines for consultation with the family and others need to be prepared.展开更多
The study reports the habitats of Directive 92/43/EEC in National Park of Alta Murgia （Apulia Region, southem Italy）. The habitats have been identified based on phytosociological analysis. New records are presented ...The study reports the habitats of Directive 92/43/EEC in National Park of Alta Murgia （Apulia Region, southem Italy）. The habitats have been identified based on phytosociological analysis. New records are presented of rocky, meadow, woodlands and temporary ponds habitats, such as： Stipo bromoidis-Quercetum dalechampii （habitat： eastern white oak woods, 91AA＊）; Verbenion supinae （habitat： Mediterranean temporary ponds, 3170＊）; Campanulo versicoloris-Dianthion japigici （habitat： calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, 8210）; Acino suaveolentis-Stipetum austroitalicae （habitat： eastern sub-mediterranean dry grasslands （Scorzoneretalia villosae）, 62A0）. Other information on their extension, major threat and suggestions of actions for their conservation are provided.展开更多
This report documents the findings of a mixed-methods study focused on the advanced directives of 182 residents of three LTC facilities in southern Ontario, Canada. Although almost all had a completed advance directiv...This report documents the findings of a mixed-methods study focused on the advanced directives of 182 residents of three LTC facilities in southern Ontario, Canada. Although almost all had a completed advance directive within 3 months of death, most did not have a palliative designation or directive until a few days before they died. Each facility’s written Progress Notes revealed staff members usually sought additional confirmation of care preferences from residents’ substitute decision-makers within a few days of the death. It was thus common for advance directives to change from a more interventionist approach to the least interventionist approach near death. This change indicates that the meaning and significance of advance care planning and resulting advance directives must be considered in light of the processes and temporal factors involved in their completion and use within this distinct population. The relational nature of advance care planning and concern about ageism as a factor for withholding or withdrawing life support for LTC residents are considered as possible explanatory factors. These findings and their implications are described in relation to end-of-life care policies and practices in LTC facilities.展开更多
With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new d...With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new directive aims to improve the coverage information of the accounting document and to begin a process of simplification of administrative burdens and standards for the preparation and publication of the financial statements. In Italy, the directive must be transposed by July 20, 2015 for which the associations of accountants are evaluating the specific contents of the new rules to make applications for Italian companies. Some of the new rules and above all part of the new structures of the schemes of the financial statements are quite different from the approaches currently in use for which very heated discussions are taking place.展开更多
Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to p...Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to produce biofuels from vegetable oil in a refinery. Vegetable oils can be processed or co-processed in these units if several adaptations are performed, so some properties could be improved in comparison with conventional fuel such as density and cetane number. This study highlights the theoretical greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (using a life cycle assessment–LCA-approach) of a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) from bibliographical data. Results were compared with other biofuel production processes, such as those obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil (FAME, fatty acid methyl ester). It has also been included the comparison with conventional fossil diesel as a benchmark in order to assess the theoretical compliance with GHG savings proposed in European Directive 2009/28/EC. Finally, ongoing projects and future perspectives in Spain are mentioned.展开更多
The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media platforms.The images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce...The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media platforms.The images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce the criteria for safety during the pandemic.Previous studies on internet memes have concentrated on humor generation,speaker-hearer shared knowledge,neologism,and multimodality among others,with insufficient attention paid to the use of directives and references in such coronavirus-motivated memes.This paper,therefore,examines how directives and references are employed in conveying expected social responsibilities through coronavirus-motivated internet memes in Nigeria and other socio-cultural contexts.For data,one hundred coronavirus-motivated memes were purposively selected from Facebook,and eight representative memes were subjected to pragmatic analysis using aspects of Jacob Mey’s(2001.Pragmatics:An introduction,2nd edn.USA:Blackwell Publishing)pragmatic acts theory to unearth insights from them.The paper observes that the various spheres of life that are relatable to an online audience help to express what the pandemic is about and enhance the meaning of the pandemic with the context of the use of the memes,giving clearer perspectives on the pandemic.Directives and references are useful tools for conveying social responsibilities to online audience.展开更多
Uniform circular arrays(UCAs)provide both omnidirectional(360°)and directive(sector)coverage of the azimuthal plane.Superdirective versions with unidirectional,high front-to-back ratio(FTBR)properties could provi...Uniform circular arrays(UCAs)provide both omnidirectional(360°)and directive(sector)coverage of the azimuthal plane.Superdirective versions with unidirectional,high front-to-back ratio(FTBR)properties could provide the radiated field char-acteristics being pursued for NextG wireless networks and their perceived applications.Typical UCA configurations–full,semi-circular,and sector–that radiate vertically-polarized(VP)fields and are composed of either omnidirectional electric dipole ele-ments or unidirectional Huygens dipole elements are analyzed first with conventional methods as reference cases.These omni-and uni-directional element configurations are then treated with several optimization techniques:the classic Rayleigh-quotient(RQ)method and its unidirectional-constrained version;the eigenbeam decomposition and synthesis(EBDS)technique used to design su-perdirective acoustic receiving arrays;and the Bessel-azimuthal multipole(BEAM)approach developed herein.Several arrays are identified as being superdirective with extremely high FTBR values.The performance characteristics of the arrays of unidirectional elements are demonstrated to be superior in general.Moreover,it is shown that larger radius arrays with RQ-specified excitation amplitudes are robust to changes in them whereas the outcomes of the corresponding small radius versions are not.On the other hand,the BEAM-optimized densely-packed small-radius superdirective arrays are quite tolerant to those variations while generating unidirectional pseudo-needle beams.展开更多
High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental sta...High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy consumption.However,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale.Here,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange.This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,etc.The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.展开更多
Dispatched by the Chinese government,a multidisciplinary team of 30 researchers collaborated with a team from Myanmar to conduct a 14-day on-site investigation.The work encompassed seismic intensity assessments,field ...Dispatched by the Chinese government,a multidisciplinary team of 30 researchers collaborated with a team from Myanmar to conduct a 14-day on-site investigation.The work encompassed seismic intensity assessments,field surveys,and loss evaluations.The paper focuses on the intensity distribution and structural damage characteristics of the 2025 M7.9 Myanmar earthquake,yielding the following key findings.(1)The seismogenic fault rupture propagated in a nearly N-S direction,with a surface rupture length of approximately 450 km.The seismic impact zone exhibited an elongated N-S distribution and a shorter E-W span,distributed like a belt around the seismogenic fault.(2)Within the seismic impact zones,existing buildings comprised five primary structural types,with timber(bamboo)structures constituting the largest proportion(≈80%in rural areas,≈50%in urban areas).The relatively low disaster losses and casualties were primarily attributable to the good seismic performance and low damage ratio of timber(bamboo)structures across varying intensity zones.(3)An anomalous zone of intensityⅨwas located at the boundary between intensityⅥandⅦregions in Nay Pyi Taw.Here,ridge topography combined with soft soil layers significantly amplified ground motion,exacerbating structural damage.(4)Directional effects of ground motion were observed,with the structural damage phenomena and peak ground acceleration(PGA)values in the N-S direction exceeding those in the E-W direction.This validates that the maximum PGA distribution of strike-slip fault earthquakes aligns with the fault strike.The research is expected to provide technical support for post-disaster reconstruction planning,site selection,and disaster mitigation strategies in Myanmar.展开更多
With the approaching of large-scale retirement of power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),their urgent handling is required for environmental protection and resource reutilization.However,at present,substantial spent power ...With the approaching of large-scale retirement of power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),their urgent handling is required for environmental protection and resource reutilization.However,at present,substantial spent power batteries,especially for those high recovery value cathode materials,have not been greenly,sustainably,and efficiently recycled.Compared to the traditional recovery method for cathode materials with high energy consumption and severe secondary pollution,the direct repair regeneration,as a new type of short-process and efficient treatment methods,has attracted widespread attention.However,it still faces challenges in homogenization repair,electrochemical performance decline,and scaling-up production.To promote the direct regeneration technology development of failed NCM materials,herein we deeply discuss the failure mechanism of nickel-cobalt-manganese(NCM)ternary cathode materials,including element loss,Li/Ni mixing,phase transformation,structural defects,oxygen release,and surface degradation and reconstruction.Based on this,the detailed analysis and summary of the direct regeneration method embracing solid-phase sintering,eutectic salt assistance,solvothermal synthesis,sol-gel process,spray drying,and redox mediation are provided.Further,the upcycling strategy for regeneration materials,such as single-crystallization and high-nickelization,structural regulation,ion doping,and surface engineering,are discussed in deep.Finally,the challenges faced by the direct regeneration and corresponding countermeasures are pointed out.Undoubtedly,this review provides valuable guidance for the efficient and high-value recovery of failed cathode materials.展开更多
Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehens...Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.展开更多
Large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))removal technology is an essential step to cope with global warming and achieve carbon neutrality.Direct air capture(DAC)has recently received increasing attention given...Large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))removal technology is an essential step to cope with global warming and achieve carbon neutrality.Direct air capture(DAC)has recently received increasing attention given the high flexibility to remove CO_(2)from discrete sources.Porous materials with adjustable pore characteristics are promising sorbents with low or no latent heat of vaporization.This review article has summarized the recent development of porous sorbents for DAC,with a focus of pore engineering strategy and adsorption mechanism.Physisorbents such as zeolites,porous carbons,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and amine-modified chemisorbents have been discussed and their challenges in practical application have been analyzed.At last,future directions have been proposed,and it is expected to inspire collaborations from chemistry,environment,material science and engineering communities.展开更多
A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate t...A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate that spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials with good performance can be regenerated by roasting at 650℃ for 11 h with the addition ofLi_(2)CO_(3),FePO_(4),V_(2)O_(5),and glucose.V_(2)O_(5) is added to improve the cycle performance of regenerated cathode materials.Glucose is used to revitalize the carbon layers on the surface of spent LiFePO_(4)/C particles for improving their conductivity.The regenerated V-doped LiFePO_(4)/C shows an excellent electrochemical performance with the discharge specific capacity of 161.36 mA·h/g at 0.2C,under which the capacity retention is 97.85%after 100 cycles.展开更多
The Janus fabrics designed for personal moisture/thermal regulation have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance human comfort.However,the development of smart and dynamic fabrics capable of mana...The Janus fabrics designed for personal moisture/thermal regulation have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance human comfort.However,the development of smart and dynamic fabrics capable of managing personal moisture/thermal comfort in response to changing external environments remains a challenge.Herein,a smart cellulose-based Janus fabric was designed to dynamically manage personal moisture/heat.The cotton fabric was grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide to construct a temperature-stimulated transport channel.Subsequently,hydrophobic ethyl cellulose and hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber were sprayed on the bottom and top sides of the fabric to obtain wettability gradient.The fabric exhibits anti-gravity directional liquid transportation from hydrophobic side to hydrophilic side,and can dynamically and continuously control the transportation time in a wide range of 3–66 s as the temperature increases from 10 to 40℃.This smart fabric can quickly dissipate heat at high temperatures,while at low temperatures,it can slow down the heat dissipation rate and prevent the human from becoming too cold.In addition,the fabric has UV shielding and photodynamic antibacterial properties through depositing graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets on the hydrophilic side.This smart fabric offers an innovative approach to maximizing personal comfort in environments with significant temperature variations.展开更多
文摘This webinar is jointly organized by CEN and CENELEC,and Ernst&Young(EY),with the participation of the European Commission Desk Officer,who will deliver the opening remarks.This session will focus specifically on the Toy Safety Directive and General Product Safety Regulation.Additional sector-specific webinars will follow in the coming months.
文摘Background:Research on therapeutic processes has explored the elements that enhance psychotherapy’s effectiveness,particularly the role of common factors across various models.The therapist’s use of directiveness and support,as common variables,is crucial for effective treatment.Effective therapists adapt their level of directiveness and support according to the treatment phase,the issue being addressed,and the patient’s characteristics.This study examines the importance therapists attribute to directiveness and support,as well as its relationship with theoretical orientation,access to research publications,and stance on the similar effectiveness of different psychotherapeutic models.It aims to determine whether therapists’attributions regarding this variable are in line with the importance it is given in process research.Methods:Responses from 69 psychotherapists to the Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness Attribution Questionnaire(PEAQ-12),which assesses the importance therapists place on key psychotherapeutic process variables,including the directiveness and support provided,were analyzed.Theoretical orientations,ages,and experience levels were considered.Non-parametric tests,contingency tables,χ^(2)tests,t-tests,and ANOVAs were used to assess the variation in responses.Results:Common factors were often identified as key contributors to therapeutic healing,though these differences were not statistically significant(χ^(2)(2,N=67)=3.701,p=0.157).For the“directiveness and support from the therapist”variable,significant differences were observed:Cognitive-behavioral therapists valued directiveness and support more than psychodynamic therapists(t(20)=−3.569,p=0.002;Cohen’s d=1.18).Therapists who view cognitive-behavioral therapies as most effective also rated this variable higher(t(38)=3.816,p<0.001;Cohen’s d=1.21).Those regularly accessing specialized psychotherapy research publications valued this variable less than those who do so occasionally(t(64)=−2.693,p=0.009;Cohen’s d=0.65).Therapists who support the similar effectiveness of different models tend to favor common factors,including directiveness and support(χ^(2)(2,N=66)=12.522,p=0.002).Conclusions:Therapists express doubts about the factors influencing psychotherapy’s effectiveness,reflecting the ongoing debate.They align their views on the importance of directiveness and support with their theoretical orientation and positioning on the similar effectiveness of psychotherapies.The importance of analyzing therapists’attributions about the factors responsible for therapeutic change is emphasized,which will impact clinical practice.Advocacy for therapist flexibility and adaptation of therapy to the patient’s needs,including the level of directiveness and support provided,has been shown to be essential for effective psychotherapy.
文摘Background:Information on the possibility of drawing up Advance Directives(AD)is a necessity,and represents a major medical,ethical,and legal challenge.The difficulties are numerous,both organizational and cultural,and this is also true in the context of oncology,where ADs(and more broadly,advanced palliative care)are of critical importance.As an eminently sensitive subject,dealing with ADs(and therefore with end-of-life issues)requires both societal and medical/health-care acculturation.An institutional approach has therefore been developed,to deploy information tools,training professionals,and formalize the collection of AD.Such an approach cannot be implemented without an assessment not only of its objective results but also above all of its psychological effects,on both users(patients,family caregivers)and professionals.Methods:This longitudinal study,based on a mixed-method,interdisciplinary approach,will assess the impact of this information dissemination on AD,in terms of both potential positive and negative effects,using validated measurement methods.Thus,this study follows the 5 criteria of the RE-AIM model,designed to analyze the interest and impact of a device intended for users of the healthcare system;we will use a mixed methodology,relying on both a quantitative component(counting the number of people benefiting from the scheme,and those requesting support in drawing up their DA...,administering questionnaires),as well as a qualitative component(focus groups)which will enable us to study the subjective experiences of users,their relatives and the professionals involved in the scheme.Results:The results of this study will make it possible to determine the effects of this system of assistance in the drafting of ADs,which is currently being promoted by the legislator,but which is struggling to be implemented.
文摘Objectives:This study aims to develop the Directive and Nondirective Support Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes(DNSS-T2DM)to measure diabetes-specific support and patients’preference as well as evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the DNSS-T2DM.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tongzhou District,Beijing,China from July to September 2015.A total of 474 participants who had been diagnosed as type 2 diabetes by physicians and completed the DNSS-T2DM were included.The original 11-item DNSS-T2DM contains five items on nondirective support(Items 1-5)and six items on directive support(Items 6-11).There were two parallel questions for each item with one to measure the preference for support(Preference part)and the other to measure the perception of support in reality(Reality part).The final DNSS-T2DM was determined based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis(EFA).The construct validity of the final DNSS-T2DM was evaluated by the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).The reliability was evaluated by internal consistency with Cronbach’sαcoefficients.Results:A final 7-item DNSS-T2DM loaded on 2 factors with four items representing nondirective support and three items representing directive support was determined based on the EFA.The CFA indicated a satisfactory construct validity.The internal consistency of the 7-item DNSS-T2DM as well as the nondirective support items was satisfactory with Cronbach’sα≥7.00.70.Conclusions:Our study supported the validity and reliability of the 7-item DNSS-T2DM.Further studies on the application of the DNSS-T2DM in different settings and population are needed.
文摘Directive(EU)2017/164 establishes a fourth list of indicative occupational exposure limit values(IOELVs)to protect workers from risks of exposure to hazardous chemicals.It states that in underground mining and tunnelling,Member States may benefit from a transitional period regarding IOELVs for nitrogen monoxide,nitrogen dioxide,and carbon monoxide,during which the existing established IOELVs may be applied.The European Advisory Committee on Health and Safety at Work questions the technical feasibility of the proposed IOELVs in underground mining(CO,NO and NO2)and tunnelling(NO and NO2).Challenges arise concerning the availability of measurement methodologies for compliance with proposed IOELVs(NO2)in underground mining and tunnelling environments.
文摘This study aimed to examine the effects of empowerment and education intervention to promote Advance Care Planning (ACP) for residents in a highly aged and depopulated region. The study utilized a single-group pre- and post-test design and was conducted in Osakikamijima, Hiroshima, Japan. The researchers and town officials together formed an ACP committee and created an intervention framework. An ACP workshop was held for the participants and a self-administered questionnaire was carried out before, immediately after, and 3 months after the workshop. A total of 125 residents participated in the workshop and 87 of them completed more than 80% of the questionnaire items, whose responses were analyzed as valid responses. The number of participants who completed the AD increased significantly three months after the workshop (p = 0.008). There was a slight increase in the frequency of consultation with the family, but no change was observed in terms of consultation with healthcare providers. The educational intervention in-creased the respondents’ awareness and knowledge of ACP but did not affect the autonomous decision-making process regarding end-of-life care. This strategic process of ACP empowered the residents’ awareness and attitude towards end-of-life care with an increased completion rate of AD. On the other hand, cognitive barriers remained toward communication and decision-making shared with healthcare providers. Insufficient consultation with family members also became evident. Therefore, a new intervention strategy which helps increase communication with healthcare providers needs to be formulated and guidelines for consultation with the family and others need to be prepared.
文摘The study reports the habitats of Directive 92/43/EEC in National Park of Alta Murgia （Apulia Region, southem Italy）. The habitats have been identified based on phytosociological analysis. New records are presented of rocky, meadow, woodlands and temporary ponds habitats, such as： Stipo bromoidis-Quercetum dalechampii （habitat： eastern white oak woods, 91AA＊）; Verbenion supinae （habitat： Mediterranean temporary ponds, 3170＊）; Campanulo versicoloris-Dianthion japigici （habitat： calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, 8210）; Acino suaveolentis-Stipetum austroitalicae （habitat： eastern sub-mediterranean dry grasslands （Scorzoneretalia villosae）, 62A0）. Other information on their extension, major threat and suggestions of actions for their conservation are provided.
文摘This report documents the findings of a mixed-methods study focused on the advanced directives of 182 residents of three LTC facilities in southern Ontario, Canada. Although almost all had a completed advance directive within 3 months of death, most did not have a palliative designation or directive until a few days before they died. Each facility’s written Progress Notes revealed staff members usually sought additional confirmation of care preferences from residents’ substitute decision-makers within a few days of the death. It was thus common for advance directives to change from a more interventionist approach to the least interventionist approach near death. This change indicates that the meaning and significance of advance care planning and resulting advance directives must be considered in light of the processes and temporal factors involved in their completion and use within this distinct population. The relational nature of advance care planning and concern about ageism as a factor for withholding or withdrawing life support for LTC residents are considered as possible explanatory factors. These findings and their implications are described in relation to end-of-life care policies and practices in LTC facilities.
文摘With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new directive aims to improve the coverage information of the accounting document and to begin a process of simplification of administrative burdens and standards for the preparation and publication of the financial statements. In Italy, the directive must be transposed by July 20, 2015 for which the associations of accountants are evaluating the specific contents of the new rules to make applications for Italian companies. Some of the new rules and above all part of the new structures of the schemes of the financial statements are quite different from the approaches currently in use for which very heated discussions are taking place.
文摘Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to produce biofuels from vegetable oil in a refinery. Vegetable oils can be processed or co-processed in these units if several adaptations are performed, so some properties could be improved in comparison with conventional fuel such as density and cetane number. This study highlights the theoretical greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (using a life cycle assessment–LCA-approach) of a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) from bibliographical data. Results were compared with other biofuel production processes, such as those obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil (FAME, fatty acid methyl ester). It has also been included the comparison with conventional fossil diesel as a benchmark in order to assess the theoretical compliance with GHG savings proposed in European Directive 2009/28/EC. Finally, ongoing projects and future perspectives in Spain are mentioned.
文摘The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media platforms.The images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce the criteria for safety during the pandemic.Previous studies on internet memes have concentrated on humor generation,speaker-hearer shared knowledge,neologism,and multimodality among others,with insufficient attention paid to the use of directives and references in such coronavirus-motivated memes.This paper,therefore,examines how directives and references are employed in conveying expected social responsibilities through coronavirus-motivated internet memes in Nigeria and other socio-cultural contexts.For data,one hundred coronavirus-motivated memes were purposively selected from Facebook,and eight representative memes were subjected to pragmatic analysis using aspects of Jacob Mey’s(2001.Pragmatics:An introduction,2nd edn.USA:Blackwell Publishing)pragmatic acts theory to unearth insights from them.The paper observes that the various spheres of life that are relatable to an online audience help to express what the pandemic is about and enhance the meaning of the pandemic with the context of the use of the memes,giving clearer perspectives on the pandemic.Directives and references are useful tools for conveying social responsibilities to online audience.
文摘Uniform circular arrays(UCAs)provide both omnidirectional(360°)and directive(sector)coverage of the azimuthal plane.Superdirective versions with unidirectional,high front-to-back ratio(FTBR)properties could provide the radiated field char-acteristics being pursued for NextG wireless networks and their perceived applications.Typical UCA configurations–full,semi-circular,and sector–that radiate vertically-polarized(VP)fields and are composed of either omnidirectional electric dipole ele-ments or unidirectional Huygens dipole elements are analyzed first with conventional methods as reference cases.These omni-and uni-directional element configurations are then treated with several optimization techniques:the classic Rayleigh-quotient(RQ)method and its unidirectional-constrained version;the eigenbeam decomposition and synthesis(EBDS)technique used to design su-perdirective acoustic receiving arrays;and the Bessel-azimuthal multipole(BEAM)approach developed herein.Several arrays are identified as being superdirective with extremely high FTBR values.The performance characteristics of the arrays of unidirectional elements are demonstrated to be superior in general.Moreover,it is shown that larger radius arrays with RQ-specified excitation amplitudes are robust to changes in them whereas the outcomes of the corresponding small radius versions are not.On the other hand,the BEAM-optimized densely-packed small-radius superdirective arrays are quite tolerant to those variations while generating unidirectional pseudo-needle beams.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3606501,2022YFB3602902)the Key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62234004)+8 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A2092)Pioneer and Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024C01191,2024C01092)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Zhejiang Province(2021R01003)Ningbo Key Technologies R&D Program(2022Z085),Ningbo 3315 Programme(2020A-01-B)YONGJIANG Talent Introduction Programme(2021A-038-B,2021A-159-G)“Innovation Yongjiang 2035”Key R&D Programme(2024Z146)Ningbo JiangBei District public welfare science and technology project(2022C07)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(grant no.BX20240391)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.2023M743623).
文摘High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy consumption.However,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale.Here,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange.This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,etc.The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U2239252National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52279128Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No.YQ2022E013。
文摘Dispatched by the Chinese government,a multidisciplinary team of 30 researchers collaborated with a team from Myanmar to conduct a 14-day on-site investigation.The work encompassed seismic intensity assessments,field surveys,and loss evaluations.The paper focuses on the intensity distribution and structural damage characteristics of the 2025 M7.9 Myanmar earthquake,yielding the following key findings.(1)The seismogenic fault rupture propagated in a nearly N-S direction,with a surface rupture length of approximately 450 km.The seismic impact zone exhibited an elongated N-S distribution and a shorter E-W span,distributed like a belt around the seismogenic fault.(2)Within the seismic impact zones,existing buildings comprised five primary structural types,with timber(bamboo)structures constituting the largest proportion(≈80%in rural areas,≈50%in urban areas).The relatively low disaster losses and casualties were primarily attributable to the good seismic performance and low damage ratio of timber(bamboo)structures across varying intensity zones.(3)An anomalous zone of intensityⅨwas located at the boundary between intensityⅥandⅦregions in Nay Pyi Taw.Here,ridge topography combined with soft soil layers significantly amplified ground motion,exacerbating structural damage.(4)Directional effects of ground motion were observed,with the structural damage phenomena and peak ground acceleration(PGA)values in the N-S direction exceeding those in the E-W direction.This validates that the maximum PGA distribution of strike-slip fault earthquakes aligns with the fault strike.The research is expected to provide technical support for post-disaster reconstruction planning,site selection,and disaster mitigation strategies in Myanmar.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3809300)。
文摘With the approaching of large-scale retirement of power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),their urgent handling is required for environmental protection and resource reutilization.However,at present,substantial spent power batteries,especially for those high recovery value cathode materials,have not been greenly,sustainably,and efficiently recycled.Compared to the traditional recovery method for cathode materials with high energy consumption and severe secondary pollution,the direct repair regeneration,as a new type of short-process and efficient treatment methods,has attracted widespread attention.However,it still faces challenges in homogenization repair,electrochemical performance decline,and scaling-up production.To promote the direct regeneration technology development of failed NCM materials,herein we deeply discuss the failure mechanism of nickel-cobalt-manganese(NCM)ternary cathode materials,including element loss,Li/Ni mixing,phase transformation,structural defects,oxygen release,and surface degradation and reconstruction.Based on this,the detailed analysis and summary of the direct regeneration method embracing solid-phase sintering,eutectic salt assistance,solvothermal synthesis,sol-gel process,spray drying,and redox mediation are provided.Further,the upcycling strategy for regeneration materials,such as single-crystallization and high-nickelization,structural regulation,ion doping,and surface engineering,are discussed in deep.Finally,the challenges faced by the direct regeneration and corresponding countermeasures are pointed out.Undoubtedly,this review provides valuable guidance for the efficient and high-value recovery of failed cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074045,52274074)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0028).
文摘Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278011,22225803,22038001 and 22108007)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z230023)+1 种基金The Science&Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Education Committee(No.KZ201810005004)Beijing Nova Program(No.Z211100002121094)。
文摘Large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))removal technology is an essential step to cope with global warming and achieve carbon neutrality.Direct air capture(DAC)has recently received increasing attention given the high flexibility to remove CO_(2)from discrete sources.Porous materials with adjustable pore characteristics are promising sorbents with low or no latent heat of vaporization.This review article has summarized the recent development of porous sorbents for DAC,with a focus of pore engineering strategy and adsorption mechanism.Physisorbents such as zeolites,porous carbons,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and amine-modified chemisorbents have been discussed and their challenges in practical application have been analyzed.At last,future directions have been proposed,and it is expected to inspire collaborations from chemistry,environment,material science and engineering communities.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174269,52374293)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2024CK1009,2022RC1123)。
文摘A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate that spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials with good performance can be regenerated by roasting at 650℃ for 11 h with the addition ofLi_(2)CO_(3),FePO_(4),V_(2)O_(5),and glucose.V_(2)O_(5) is added to improve the cycle performance of regenerated cathode materials.Glucose is used to revitalize the carbon layers on the surface of spent LiFePO_(4)/C particles for improving their conductivity.The regenerated V-doped LiFePO_(4)/C shows an excellent electrochemical performance with the discharge specific capacity of 161.36 mA·h/g at 0.2C,under which the capacity retention is 97.85%after 100 cycles.
基金support of this work by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC19059003)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJB430024)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB680)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The Janus fabrics designed for personal moisture/thermal regulation have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance human comfort.However,the development of smart and dynamic fabrics capable of managing personal moisture/thermal comfort in response to changing external environments remains a challenge.Herein,a smart cellulose-based Janus fabric was designed to dynamically manage personal moisture/heat.The cotton fabric was grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide to construct a temperature-stimulated transport channel.Subsequently,hydrophobic ethyl cellulose and hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber were sprayed on the bottom and top sides of the fabric to obtain wettability gradient.The fabric exhibits anti-gravity directional liquid transportation from hydrophobic side to hydrophilic side,and can dynamically and continuously control the transportation time in a wide range of 3–66 s as the temperature increases from 10 to 40℃.This smart fabric can quickly dissipate heat at high temperatures,while at low temperatures,it can slow down the heat dissipation rate and prevent the human from becoming too cold.In addition,the fabric has UV shielding and photodynamic antibacterial properties through depositing graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets on the hydrophilic side.This smart fabric offers an innovative approach to maximizing personal comfort in environments with significant temperature variations.
